EP2275517A1 - Installation de transformation de déchets solides en gaz combustible - Google Patents

Installation de transformation de déchets solides en gaz combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2275517A1
EP2275517A1 EP08736749A EP08736749A EP2275517A1 EP 2275517 A1 EP2275517 A1 EP 2275517A1 EP 08736749 A EP08736749 A EP 08736749A EP 08736749 A EP08736749 A EP 08736749A EP 2275517 A1 EP2275517 A1 EP 2275517A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reactor
grate
air
gas
plant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08736749A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Pere Escriba Nogues
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Energia Natural De Mora Sl
Original Assignee
Energia Natural De Mora Sl
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Energia Natural De Mora Sl filed Critical Energia Natural De Mora Sl
Publication of EP2275517A1 publication Critical patent/EP2275517A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
    • C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/482—Gasifiers with stationary fluidised bed
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/52—Ash-removing devices
    • C10J3/523—Ash-removing devices for gasifiers with stationary fluidised bed
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/02—Dust removal
    • C10K1/024—Dust removal by filtration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/02—Dust removal
    • C10K1/026—Dust removal by centrifugal forces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/36—Moving parts inside the gasification reactor not otherwise provided for
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0983—Additives
    • C10J2300/0996—Calcium-containing inorganic materials, e.g. lime
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1625—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with solids treatment
    • C10J2300/1628—Ash post-treatment
    • C10J2300/1631—Ash recycling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1807—Recycle loops, e.g. gas, solids, heating medium, water

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a plant for converting solid waste into fuel gas and to the improvements made therein.
  • Patent document ES2199612 describes a plant for converting solid waste into a fuel gas, of the type of those comprising:
  • the injectors of the air outlets are formed by a steel cylinder provided with an inner orifice and with radial outlets, by a cap closing the upper end of the cylinder and forcing the air to leave through the radial outlets and by a concentric diffuser ring redirecting the air upwards.
  • the compensated vacuum-pressure system includes a compressor introducing air through the lower part of the reactor and a compressor located at the end of the equipment, which sucks in the fuel gas obtained in the reactor, making it leave through the upper area of such reactor.
  • the air-conditioning system includes exchangers cooled by the air which serves to fluidize and react with the fuel. These exchangers are formed by an outer body, inside which there are several tubes with a very small diameter.
  • the reactor is a fluidized bed reactor.
  • the upward air stream is used to supply the oxygen necessary for the reactions and to maintain the solid particles in suspension.
  • the surface speed starts increasing progressively, and the pressure drop starts increasing until the apparent weight of the bed is balanced with the air passing through. If the speed continues to increase, the pressure drop remains approximately constant and the particles are separated from one another, causing an increase in the height of the bed. When this occurs, the bed behaves like a fluid, which allows taking advantage of these characteristics to cause the conversion and reactions of the fuel solid which is introduced in order to convert it into gas.
  • the present invention describes a plant for converting solid waste, specifically biomass, into fuel gas.
  • a fluidized bed reactor is used in which the material used therein has been improved.
  • the waste is introduced through a feeding system.
  • the plant has an air-conditioning system, the purpose of which is to cool the air that leaves the reactor at an extremely high temperature.
  • the plant also has a system for the dry filtration of the gas obtained including a bag filter, a filter cleaning device, an ash extraction device and a thermal ash cleaner.
  • the problem which arises is solved by means of using a dolomite-based material in the fluidized bed.
  • the material of the bed is specifically sintered dolomite.
  • the material used in the fluidized bed is dolomite which is previously combusted at a temperature between 1600°C-2000°C, such that magnesium oxide and calcium oxide crystals are formed, the crystals at this temperature sinter and agglomerate. These sintered and agglomerated crystals are broken into small pieces until obtaining a grain size between 0-1 mm.
  • the latter relates to a fluidized bed reactor for the conversion of biomass into gas in which the material of the base of the bed is sintered dolomite.
  • the dolomite used as a starting material has more than 30% magnesium oxide and less than 1 % impurities.
  • the hardness of the material upon being sintered assures the durability and also the heat transfer which is needed in these reactions. Due to its specific formulation it reacts catalytically and accelerates the dissociation of hydrocarbons. Another advantage is that it reduces the melting point of the ashes and binds them such that they can be easily separated from the inert material, preventing the agglomeration of the bed.
  • a compressor introducing air through the lower part of the reactor and a compressor sucking in the fuel gas obtained in the reactor are included to control the pressure.
  • a by-pass regulated by a valve is installed in both compressors and the excess gas or air enters a gasification circuit.
  • a second option is to install in both compressors frequency changers which maintain the suitable pressure by means of the Hz increase or decrease.
  • the fluidized bed reactor is provided with a diffuser grate and with air outlets formed by injectors which allow a uniform fluidization; at the height of the grate there is a worm screw for the recovery of material for the purpose of analyzing the behavior of the inert material.
  • the grate has the function of support of the inert material and of the injectors. These injectors are designed to allow the exit of air and prevent the entrance of the inert material.
  • the injectors are steel cylinders provided with an inner orifice and with radial outlets.
  • the injector has a cap closing the upper end of the cylinder, forcing the air to leave through the radial outlets, and has a concentric diffuser ring redirecting the air upwards.
  • the cylinder has a diameter suitable for being introduced by simple pressure in the grate.
  • the diffuser ring which projects from the perpendicular of the cap and which is an independent part can be filled with small stones which are mixed with the fuel and make the function thereof difficult.
  • the cylinder has the same diameter as the cap and that in the upper part it is machined with a conical shape to direct the air in the suitable direction.
  • the radial outlets in the steel cylinder will be at least four in number and will be arranged perpendicularly in orifices traversing the cylinder until finding the general orifice and separated horizontally and in parallel in the plane.
  • the orifices of the diffuser grate will have two different diameters, at the lower part the measurement calculated to allow the sufficient entrance of air, keeping the pressure equal in all of them, and at the upper part the diameter allowing the injector to enter under pressure for its securing.
  • the inert material will pass therethrough and will be deposited around the injectors, having the supporting grate as a base.
  • the inert material which is deposited between the two grates is not detrimental to the fluidization at all, on the contrary it helps to maintain the injectors in a good condition and without wear, since no exothermic reactions occur between the two grates as biomass cannot enter either.
  • the plant has a worm screw for extracting stones on top of the grate.
  • the ashes do not exit to the outside together with the gas, but rather they remain in the bed being bound to one another without affecting the particles of material and forming ash balls.
  • at least one hermetic valve is provided which opens or closes depending on the material inlet worm screw being activated. The material that leaves is sieved.
  • the fixed carbon resulting from the biomass which at that time reacts in the gasifier to produce gas after the volatiles and the water have been released in its decomposition remains in the upper part.
  • This charcoal can be subsequently introduced in the gasifier.
  • the ashes in spherical form leave through the middle part.
  • the material used in the bed leaves in the lower part, which material is again introduced in the gasifier, by means of a worm screw, pneumatic transport or by depositing it in the feed itself of the biomass.
  • the plant has a cooler-condenser including tubes through the inside of which water is passed and through the outside of which the gas obtained is passed.
  • the tubes are flanged for the purpose of obtaining a larger surface of contact with the gas.
  • the gas Once the gas has left the dry filter, it is introduced through the lower part of the condenser. Although it is virtually free of particles, the efficiency of the filter is not total therefore the soot which has passed with the gas is adhered together with the condensable elements. This paste is gradually deposited in the flanges making their efficiency difficult.
  • each exchanger is made up of modules, each formed by four pipelines so that they can be easily cleaned if necessary. Likewise these modules are screwed for the same reason.
  • the unburnt residues resulting from the gasification can have different alternatives:
  • the plant has a system for the dry filtration of the gas obtained including a bag filter, a filter cleaning device, an ash extraction device and a thermal ash cleaner.
  • the ash extraction device is formed as a collecting worm screw for collecting ashes and unburnt residues located below the dry filter, it deposits them in a worm screw which is provided with several intermediate discharges, in each discharge there is a valve for facilitating the discharge in the provided outlet.
  • Each worm screw outlet is connected to an inlet belonging to a tank into which the ash falls.
  • This tank the base of which is made of refractory material serves as a storage for the slow oxidation of the ashes.
  • the gas generated by this process has some fly ashes incorporated therein, for this reason it is passed through a cyclone and, to increase the efficiency and quality of the air, also through a bag filter.
  • the plant for converting solid waste into fuel gas of the invention consists of a fluidized bed reactor provided with a diffuser grate and with air outlets formed by injectors which allow a uniform fluidization; a compensated vacuum-pressure system which maintains a stable vacuum inside the gasification circuit; an air-conditioning system, the purpose of which is to cool the air that leaves the reactor; and a cleaning device for cleaning the gas obtained.
  • Figure 1 shows a diagram of the air injectors (1) in which it is observed that the size in the diameter (1.1) of the injector at the lower end decreases and that the radius of the cap (1.2), is equal to the radius of the body of the injector.
  • the gas obtained in the plant of the invention is filtered and the ashes obtained from filtering the gas are deposited in a container, which container (2) is shown in Figure 2 .
  • the tank has the following elements: an unburnt residue inlet (2.1), a suction gas outlet (2.2), and an air inlet (2.3).
  • the stirring arm (2.4) controlled by a geared motor (2.5) is necessary.
  • the tank has an inspection opening (2.6), an indicator of the temperature and the ash outlet (2.7).
  • This flat bar (4) will be welded throughout the reactor (3) but with the particularity that it will project through the two ends of the reactor (3).
  • the flat bar (4) in the inner part will project enough to serve as support for the insulation and refractory material from which the reactor (3) is manufactured.
  • the flat bar (4) projecting through the outer part has through holes for attachment screws.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
EP08736749A 2008-03-31 2008-03-31 Installation de transformation de déchets solides en gaz combustible Withdrawn EP2275517A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/ES2008/070062 WO2009121982A1 (fr) 2008-03-31 2008-03-31 Installation de transformation de déchets solides en gaz combustible

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2275517A1 true EP2275517A1 (fr) 2011-01-19

Family

ID=40083725

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08736749A Withdrawn EP2275517A1 (fr) 2008-03-31 2008-03-31 Installation de transformation de déchets solides en gaz combustible

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2275517A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2719956A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009121982A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4448589A (en) * 1980-01-23 1984-05-15 Kansas State University Research Foundation Pyrolytic conversion of carbonaceous solids to fuel gas in quartz sand fluidized beds
US4597771A (en) * 1984-04-02 1986-07-01 Cheng Shang I Fluidized bed reactor system for integrated gasification
JPH06145673A (ja) * 1992-10-30 1994-05-27 Nisshin Steel Co Ltd 石炭ガス化方法及び装置
ES2199612B1 (es) 2000-03-02 2005-02-16 Energia Natural De Mora, S.L. Planta transformadora de residuos solidos y/o biomasa en un gas combustible.
DE10010358A1 (de) * 2000-03-07 2001-09-27 Bsbg Bremer Sonderabfall Berat Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Vergasen von brennbarem Material
BE1016050A6 (nl) * 2004-05-18 2006-02-07 Nas Jan Huub Inwendig gasdistributiesysteem.

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2009121982A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2719956A1 (fr) 2009-10-08
WO2009121982A1 (fr) 2009-10-08

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