EP2273194A2 - Installation de combustion dotée d'une couche d'isolation thermique sur l'épurateur de scories humides - Google Patents

Installation de combustion dotée d'une couche d'isolation thermique sur l'épurateur de scories humides Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2273194A2
EP2273194A2 EP10006900A EP10006900A EP2273194A2 EP 2273194 A2 EP2273194 A2 EP 2273194A2 EP 10006900 A EP10006900 A EP 10006900A EP 10006900 A EP10006900 A EP 10006900A EP 2273194 A2 EP2273194 A2 EP 2273194A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
floats
combustion
incinerator
slag
wet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP10006900A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2273194A3 (fr
Inventor
Michael Nolte
Thomas Prof.Dr. Kolb
Bernd Dr. Zimmerlin
Wolf-Dieter Zeidler
Helmut Prof. Dr. Seifert
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Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie KIT
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Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie KIT
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Application filed by Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie KIT filed Critical Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie KIT
Publication of EP2273194A2 publication Critical patent/EP2273194A2/fr
Publication of EP2273194A3 publication Critical patent/EP2273194A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
    • F23J1/08—Liquid slag removal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2900/00—Special arrangements for conducting or purifying combustion fumes; Treatment of fumes or ashes
    • F23J2900/01002—Cooling of ashes from the combustion chamber by indirect heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2900/00—Special arrangements for conducting or purifying combustion fumes; Treatment of fumes or ashes
    • F23J2900/01006—Airlock sealing associated with ash removal means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a combustion plant comprising a wet slagger with a flexible thermal barrier coating. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for resource-conserving operation of a combustion plant with wet slagger, in particular with regard to the heat emission from the combustion chamber in the purification bath.
  • incinerators such as Rotary kiln or grate firing usually consist of a two-stage combustion. In a first stage, especially solids are burned, while in a second stage usually the post-combustion takes place in the gas phase.
  • the substances used in this process are not only disposed of in an environmentally friendly manner, provided that they are residues or wastes, but above all that they are also used for energy purposes, ie.
  • the hot flue gases produced during combustion are used in a waste heat boiler to generate process steam, which can then be fed into the district heating network or converted into electrical energy (electricity).
  • the wet slagger which is usually located between the first and second combustion stage of such an incinerator, is a hitherto neglected source of heat loss. About the wet slagger the burned inert residues from the solid combustion (first combustion stage) dry (ash) or molten (slag) are discharged.
  • this discharge is usually molten.
  • the molten slag falls or drips from the rotary kiln via a chute in a water bath, where the slag is quenched when entering the water bath abruptly.
  • the cooled, solidified slag is discharged via a conveyor system as a solid, glassy residue in a collection container and then fed to further treatment processes.
  • the wet slagger not only offers the possibility of discharging inert solids from the combustion chamber, but at the same time forms the air seal against false air entry from the outside into the combustion chamber. This air seal ensures operation of the incinerator at reduced pressure.
  • electromagnetic waves in the form of light are emitted by the intermediate and end products of the combustion (eg CO 2 , CO, hydrocarbons, H 2 O, soot, ash, etc.) due to their high temperature and energy state.
  • the spectrum of electromagnetic waves ranges from short-wave UV to long-wave IR. If these electromagnetic waves hit the surface of bodies (eg particles, firebox walls, wet slag water), absorption and reflection preloads take place on the surface. Will the radiation from the body absorbs, then increases according to the Kirchhoff radiation law its temperature, which in turn leads to increased emission of temperature / heat radiation.
  • the emissivity s of a body describes the relationship between the radiation absorbed by the body and the radiation impinging on it.
  • the lower the emissivity ⁇ , the lower the absorption or the higher the reflection of the impinging radiation. If the emissivity ⁇ 1, then there is an ideal black body which completely absorbs any radiation impinging upon it.
  • the radiation absorbed by the body is converted into heat and then released again in the form of thermal / thermal radiation in all directions of the environment.
  • ⁇ approx. 0.96-0.98
  • the water temperature of the wet slagger begins to rise and evaporation on the water surface is favored.
  • the low radiation reflection at the water surface and the relatively cold water vapor escaping from the wet slagger and interfering with the hot combustion gas of the plant lead to an undesirable lowering of the flue gas temperature, especially at the transition from the rotary kiln to the afterburner.
  • Another disadvantage in this context is the increased consumption of process water.
  • slag scrapers One possibility for facilitating the slag discharge is the use of so-called slag scrapers. With the help of these permanently installed slag scraper, the formation of larger slag gases is avoided, as the outgrowing slag from the combustion chamber scrapes on the slag scrapers and down into the wet slagger falls. Thus, through the use of slag scrapers an additional burden of the wet slagger and the entire combustion system can be avoided. The mechanical and thermal stress of these scrapers is considerable. Instead of slag scrapers, additional scorch burners can be installed near the slag discharge.
  • the temperature in particular the slag temperature
  • the slag discharge is facilitated because higher temperatures lead to a much more liquid slag with low viscosity, which is cooled more slowly and thus can be discharged more easily from the rotary kiln.
  • the formation of larger slag gases or even the growth of the rotary kiln with slag can be avoided by means of Abschmelzbrennern. Disadvantage here is the design-related effort and the additional consumption of fuel, which increases the operating costs.
  • the main problem zone for the loss of radiant heat is the direct contact of the water surface of the wet slagger with the combustion chamber. From the prior art, no solutions for reducing the heat losses in the wet slagger are known.
  • this should be used to reduce the heat losses at the wet slag remover of a combustion plant in order to increase plant efficiency.
  • Another object of the invention is to reduce the evaporation of water at the wet slagger. At the same time, however, the entry of combustion residues in the form of solid or liquid slag or ash from the combustion chamber into the water bath of the wet slagger should not be adversely affected.
  • a solution to prevent the loss of radiant heat from the combustion chamber of a combustion plant in the wet slagger is a cover of the water surface of the wet slagper with a flexible thermal barrier coating.
  • This thermal barrier coating comprises a plurality of floats, which separate the water surface toward the combustion chamber, so that the radiant heat predominantly hits the floats and not the water surface.
  • the floats are movable against each other. Movable in this context means that the floats can move horizontally on the water surface to create a gap to allow falling combustion residues to pass. Furthermore, the floats can move vertically, which in particular allows a displacement of individual floats between multiple layers.
  • the floats have at least one rotational degree of freedom.
  • Rotatory degrees of freedom are movements about one of the three axes of rotation of the float, whereby the center of gravity of the body is not displaced. If combustion residues from the combustion chamber fall on the floats with a rotational degree of freedom, a short-term deflection of the center of gravity takes place, whereupon the floats react with a rotational movement that moves the combustion residues in the direction of the water bath.
  • the rotational movements are not limited in this context to full rotations, tilting movements in which the body after rotation back into the starting position, are included.
  • At least one axis of rotation of the floating body is not parallel to the axis of the gravitational field.
  • the axis of rotation is preferably at an angle to the water surface, which is aligned between 0 ° and 89 °, particularly preferably between 0 ° and 45 °.
  • the floats work as a flexible barrier, so that the combustion residues from the combustion chamber can pass through the consisting of floats thermal barrier layer into the water bath.
  • the floats organize themselves due to their buoyancy, their weight and the water movement in the ingress of slag content to a largely closed layer.
  • the floats are made of a material having an emissivity ⁇ which is smaller than that of the water, ie between 0 and 0.96, more preferably between 0.01 and 0.2 (values for polished metal surfaces or metallised surfaces).
  • ⁇ an emissivity
  • the floats should be made of materials that ideally enable a maintenance-free continuous operation. Accordingly, temperature-resistant, preferably refractory materials are required because there are high temperatures in the combustion chamber. Depending on the system concept, fuel and height of the chute, temperatures of approx. 150 ° C - 200 ° C are to be expected above the water surface of a conventional wet slagger without cover. In addition, the falling slag hits the floats even hotter. Accordingly, the buoyant surface requires temperature resistant or refractory materials which have heat resistance at temperatures of at least 200 ° C.
  • Another aspect is the mechanical resistance of the floats, as the falling combustion residues could damage the floats.
  • Preferred materials in this context are metallic materials, in particular stainless steels, since they also have a high degree of corrosion resistance in addition to the mechanical dimensional stability.
  • metal surfaces have a low emissivity, e.g. polished iron has an emissivity ⁇ between 0.04 and 0.19.
  • steel alloys with chromium, nickel, molybdenum, titanium or vanadium are also suitable.
  • Ceramics are also characterized by a high dimensional stability and mechanical strength.
  • technical ceramics or engineering ceramics are used.
  • non-oxide ceramics for example nitrides, carbides or borides
  • oxide ceramics for example, alumina, titania, zirconia
  • thermoplastic materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon®) or polyfluorinated rubber (Viton®) are particularly preferably used.
  • Temperature resistance in this context means a heat resistance at temperatures of at least 200 ° C. According to the manufacturer of Viton®, the heat resistance is 200 ° C and that of Teflon® is 260 ° C
  • the floats may be made of porous material, preferably with the pores closed.
  • Floating bodies whose surface has a reflective coating which gives the body a particularly low emissivity are particularly preferred.
  • an open porosity can be closed by a coating.
  • the surface is additionally smoothed or polished.
  • the floats are spherical.
  • the invention relates to the use of a thermal barrier coating for wet slagters in incinerators, comprising a plurality of floats movable relative to one another and preferably rotatable about at least one axis of rotation.
  • thermal barrier coating according to the invention is due to their construction with a variety of floats flexibly usable in different incinerators with wet slagger. Existing incinerators can also be retrofitted to the wet slag remover without additional structural measures.
  • the operating temperature in the combustion chamber is increased and the heat loss at the wet slagger is lowered. This therefore makes additional energy input unnecessary to compensate for heat losses and / or to liquefy slag constituents.
  • incinerators with rotary furnaces the discharge of slag from the combustion system is simplified because the slag does not solidify at the combustion chamber outlet.
  • floats can be used to maximize coverage of the water surface.
  • floats of different sizes may be used.
  • Another advantage of the construction of the incineration plant according to the invention is the greatly reduced evaporation of the water in the wet slag remover.
  • the water bath In normal operation of a conventional incinerator without thermal barrier coating, the water bath is heated to about 30 ° C to 80 ° C, which represents a significant loss of heat.
  • the radiant heat impinging on the water surface accelerates the evaporation process.
  • the evaporation of water is an endothermic process; the necessary enthalpy of vaporization is lost to the system and is another source of energy loss in incinerators.
  • Reduce the floats of the insulation layer the contact surface between water bath and gas space (combustion chamber).
  • the evaporation of water from the wet slag into the combustion chamber is reduced.
  • a reduced consumption of process water is a further advantage of the invention.
  • the combustion residues from incinerators with wet slagger are discharged according to the following method: First, a combustion plant is provided with a bath serving as a water bath for receiving combustion residues (wet slagger) comprising a buoyant thermal barrier coating comprising a plurality of mutually movable floats. Subsequently, in the combustion space, the solid fuels such as e.g. Production residues from industry, domestic waste, refuse derived fuels, coal or biomass burned. This can be done both by a grate or a Drehrohrfeuerung but also in coal combustion boilers.
  • a combustion plant is provided with a bath serving as a water bath for receiving combustion residues (wet slagger) comprising a buoyant thermal barrier coating comprising a plurality of mutually movable floats.
  • the solid fuels such as e.g. Production residues from industry, domestic waste, refuse derived fuels, coal or biomass burned. This can be done both by a grate or a Drehrohr
  • the resulting combustion residues (slags, ashes) are discharged in the following process step at the end of the rotary tube or in the lower part of the coal combustion boiler through a chute in the water of the wet slagger, the combustion residues before entering the water bath, the thermal barrier coating penetrate.
  • this water bath is covered according to the invention with a thermal barrier coating of floats, the residues initially fall on the floats, but do not represent a barrier due to their degrees of freedom of movement, but let pass the residues in the water.
  • the floats can move either horizontally or vertically to form a gap.
  • the floats have at least one axis of rotation about which they can rotate.
  • the rotation movement occurs when discharging the combustion residues by the fact that the focus of the floating body is changed by the impinging solids such that in the gravitational field, a rotation or tilting movement is the result, which conveys the combustion residues in the water. This is especially true for spherical floats.
  • the floats spontaneously organize themselves into a closed layer. If individual floats are damaged or made unusable during prolonged operation of the thermal barrier coating, or if floats are lost during removal of the combustion residues from the wet slag remover, new floats can simply be applied to the water surface of the wet sludge slagger.
  • Fig. 1 By way of example, the structure of a conventional incinerator with first combustion stage 1 and second combustion stage 2 is shown in cross-section. About a chute 3 solid containers are placed in the combustion chamber of the first combustion stage 1 , where they are burned. The slags 4 fall through a chute at the end of combustion 5 in the water bath 7 of the wet slagger 6. The escaping from the first combustion stage 1 hot flue gases enter the gas chamber 8 of the second combustion stage 2. In the second combustion stage 2 (afterburner), the gas phase burn out of partially insufficiently burned flue gases using Nachbrennbibbrennern. Consequently prevails in this gas chamber 8 is a significant heat radiation, which radiates to the water bath 7 of the wet slagger 6 . The incident on the water bath 7 radiation is largely absorbed.
  • the in Fig. 2 The pilot scale wet slag test rig has been developed to simulate the basic operations of a wet slagger 6 of an incinerator.
  • This test rig essentially consists of the individual components radiation source 9, water bath 7 and gas space 8 with external insulation 11.
  • the radiation source 9 consisted of 4 ⁇ 100 W light emitters, the external insulation 11 of mineral fiber mats / insulating material (about 8 cm thickness).
  • a comprehensive data acquisition system was installed, which includes a plurality of thermocouples 10 and a water level indicator 14 .
  • temperature measurements and water level measurements were carried out on this test stand, which realistically reproduce the temperature distribution at the wet slagger 6 of a combustion plant.
  • the temperature distribution 17-20 was measured as a function of the height above the water surface 16 of the water bath 7 (see Fig. 3 ), wherein the water bath 7 was covered on the one hand without float 12 and on the other hand with glass hollow bodies as floating body 12 of different emissivity.
  • Fig. 3 the measured temperature curves 17-20 in the gas space 8 of the test stand are off Fig. 2 above the water surface with and without the use of floats 12 shown.
  • the investigations carried out showed that in comparison to the uncovered water surface alone by the use of floats 12 a significant increase in the average gas temperature 15 above the water surface can be achieved.
  • Fig. 3 shows the temperature curves 17-20 in the gas space 8 above the water surface as a function of the emissivity of the float surface (glass bubbles with 50 mm diameter).
  • the test stand without thermal barrier coating 13 can be raised by approx. 30-40, while at the same time the evaporation / evaporation amount decreased by up to 35%.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
EP10006900.4A 2009-07-11 2010-07-05 Installation de combustion dotée d'une couche d'isolation thermique sur l'épurateur de scories humides Withdrawn EP2273194A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009032760A DE102009032760B3 (de) 2009-07-11 2009-07-11 Verbrennungsanlage und Verfahren mit Wärmedämmschicht am Nassentschlacker

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EP2273194A2 true EP2273194A2 (fr) 2011-01-12
EP2273194A3 EP2273194A3 (fr) 2014-08-27

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EP10006900.4A Withdrawn EP2273194A3 (fr) 2009-07-11 2010-07-05 Installation de combustion dotée d'une couche d'isolation thermique sur l'épurateur de scories humides

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US (1) US20110030591A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2273194A3 (fr)
DE (1) DE102009032760B3 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014172717A2 (fr) * 2013-02-28 2014-10-23 Seal Chemistry (Pty) Ltd Agent de revêtement sans cire pour papier
GB201308473D0 (en) * 2013-05-10 2013-06-19 Authentix Inc Plating of articles
JP2019143854A (ja) * 2018-02-20 2019-08-29 住友重機械工業株式会社 冷却装置
CN113606592B (zh) * 2021-09-06 2024-07-12 神彩科技股份有限公司 一种危废炉渣在线烘干装置及烘干方法

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US1804155A (en) * 1927-12-28 1931-05-05 Texas Co Furnace
YU35477B (en) * 1973-12-22 1981-02-28 Evt Energie & Verfahrenstech Device for the removal of slag at a pulverized coal furnace
US4286528A (en) * 1979-08-30 1981-09-01 Stephen Willard Exhaust filter system
US4445442A (en) * 1982-10-21 1984-05-01 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Furnace construction having an ash pit with a radiation reflecting surface
US4630594A (en) * 1983-03-09 1986-12-23 Ellersick Russell R Furnace wall lining composition and the use thereof
JP3777801B2 (ja) * 1998-06-24 2006-05-24 宇部興産株式会社 高温旋回炉発生ガスの冷却および同伴スラグミスト分の捕集方法
CH692773A5 (de) * 1998-07-14 2002-10-31 Von Roll Umwelttechnik Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Entziehen von Wasser aus mechanisch aus einem Nassentschlacker ausgetragenen Verbrennungsrückständen.
US6574991B1 (en) * 1998-08-13 2003-06-10 Corning Incorporated Pure fused silica, furnace and method
US6352040B1 (en) * 2000-11-22 2002-03-05 Randall P. Voorhees Mobile armored incinerator

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Publication number Publication date
EP2273194A3 (fr) 2014-08-27
DE102009032760B3 (de) 2011-02-17
US20110030591A1 (en) 2011-02-10

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