EP2270923A1 - Kalibrationsverfahren und aktivantenne - Google Patents

Kalibrationsverfahren und aktivantenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2270923A1
EP2270923A1 EP09839841A EP09839841A EP2270923A1 EP 2270923 A1 EP2270923 A1 EP 2270923A1 EP 09839841 A EP09839841 A EP 09839841A EP 09839841 A EP09839841 A EP 09839841A EP 2270923 A1 EP2270923 A1 EP 2270923A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
calibration
active antenna
signal
calibrator
board
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP09839841A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2270923A4 (de
EP2270923B1 (de
Inventor
Pinghua He
Jianfeng Wu
Yan Chang
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Publication of EP2270923A1 publication Critical patent/EP2270923A1/de
Publication of EP2270923A4 publication Critical patent/EP2270923A4/de
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Publication of EP2270923B1 publication Critical patent/EP2270923B1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/267—Phased-array testing or checking devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/062—Two dimensional planar arrays using dipole aerials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communication technology, and more particularly to a calibration method and an active antenna.
  • the DBF can be realized as long as each dipole is configured with a transceiver, so as to form transceiver arrays.
  • a product in such a form is usually referred to as an active antenna.
  • a printed circuit board that is, a board
  • a size of the PCB is limited by the fabrication and processing techniques.
  • SMT surface-mount technology
  • Dipole units for forming an active antenna are arranged in a straight line and a spacing distance there-between is about 0.8 to 0.9 times of a wavelength.
  • Each dipole unit is connected to a transceiver, so that the transceiver arrays need to be disposed on two or more boards at the same spacing distance.
  • 8 transceiver arrays of an 18 dBi active antenna at 2GHz are evenly distributed within an interval between 900 mm and 1000 mm along a straight line, so that the 8 transceiver arrays need to be disposed on two same PCBs.
  • the features (such as an amplitude, a phase, and a delay) of each transceiver unit are scattered. In order to realize the DBF, the transceiver arrays need to be calibrated.
  • the present invention is directed to a calibration method and an active antenna, applicable to realize calibration of transceivers disposed on different boards.
  • the present invention provides an active antenna, which includes: K antenna dipole arrays, 1 st to K th transceiver unit arrays corresponding to the antenna dipole arrays, 1 st to K th multiplexers, 1 st to K th calibrators, and a feature difference calculating unit.
  • the 1 st to K th transceiver unit arrays are correspondingly disposed on 1 st to K th boards respectively.
  • Each transceiver unit array includes a plurality of transceiver units.
  • Each transceiver unit includes a receiving channel and/or a transmitting channel and a corresponding baseband processing module.
  • the 1 st to K th multiplexers are correspondingly disposed on the 1 st to K th boards respectively.
  • Each of the 1 st to K th multiplexers is configured to transmit calibration signals to multiplexers among the 1 st to K th multiplexers other than the current multiplexer itself through multiplexers and electromagnetic connection between multiplexers.
  • the 1 st to K th calibrators are correspondingly disposed on the 1 st to K th boards respectively and configured to obtain P feature difference values between P calibration signals that pass through all calibration loops of the active antenna and an original calibration signal.
  • P equals to the number of all transceiver units of the 1 st to K th transceiver unit arrays.
  • the feature difference calculating unit is configured to calculate a feature difference value of a receiving channel and/or transmitting channel of each transceiver unit in the active antenna relative to a reference receiving channel and/or transmitting channel respectively, according to an association relation between a feature difference value and a feature of each calibration loop, and the P feature difference values obtained by each calibrator of the active antenna, where the feature difference value is a value about the feature difference between a calibration signal passing through each calibration loop of the active antenna and the original calibration signal.
  • Each baseband processing module is configured to perform feature compensation on a service signal of the corresponding transceiver unit in a digital domain according to the feature difference value of the receiving channel and/or transmitting channel of the corresponding transceiver unit, in which K is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.
  • the present invention further provides a calibration method, which is applied in an active antenna including 1 st to K th transceiver unit arrays, corresponding 1 st to K th multiplexers, and corresponding 1 st to K th calibrators correspondingly disposed on 1 st to K th boards respectively.
  • K is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.
  • the method includes the following steps.
  • the 1 st to K th calibrators obtain P feature difference values between P calibration signals passing through all calibration loops of the 1 st to K th boards of the active antenna and an original calibration signal.
  • P equals to the number of all transceiver units of the 1 st to K th transceiver unit arrays.
  • a feature difference value of a receiving channel and/or transmitting channel of each transceiver unit of the active antenna relative to a reference receiving channel and/or transmitting channel respectively is calculated, according to an association relation between a feature difference value and a feature of each calibration loop, and the P feature difference values obtained by each calibrator of the active antenna, where the feature difference value is a value about the feature difference between a calibration signal passing through each calibration loop of the active antenna and the original calibration signal.
  • Feature compensation is performed on a service signal of a corresponding transceiver unit in a digital domain according to the feature difference value of the receiving channel and/or transmitting channel of the corresponding transceiver unit.
  • each calibrator of the active antenna obtains P feature difference values between P calibration signals passing through all calibration loops of the active antenna and an original calibration signal.
  • a feature difference value of a receiving channel and/or transmitting channel of each transceiver unit of the active antenna relative to a reference receiving channel and/or a reference transmitting channel is respectively calculated, according to an association relation between a feature difference value and a feature of each calibration loop, and the P feature difference values obtained by each of the calibrators of the active antenna, where the feature difference value is a value about the feature difference between a calibration signal passing through each calibration loop of the active antenna and the original calibration signal.
  • each baseband processing module in the active antenna performs feature compensation on a service signal of the corresponding transceiver unit in a digital domain according to the feature difference value of the receiving channel and/or transmitting channel of the corresponding transceiver unit.
  • the present invention provides an active antenna and a calibration method for transceiver arrays, applicable to realize accurate calibration between transceivers disposed on different boards.
  • the calibration according to the embodiments of the present invention focuses on three features, that is, an amplitude, a phase, and a delay of the transceivers, and a unified feature variable is used to represent the three features.
  • a transmitting and receiving channel (briefly referred to as TR channel) is used to represent a receiving channel and/or a transmitting channel.
  • the present invention provides an active antenna, which includes: K antenna dipole arrays, 1 st to K th transceiver unit arrays corresponding to the antenna dipole arrays, 1 st to K th multiplexers, 1 st to K th calibrators, and a feature difference calculating unit.
  • Each transceiver unit array includes a plurality of transceiver units.
  • Each transceiver unit includes a receiving channel and/or a transmitting channel, and a corresponding baseband processing module.
  • the 1 st to K th multiplexers are correspondingly disposed on the 1 st to K th boards respectively
  • Each of the 1 st to K th multiplexers is configured to transmit calibration signals to multiplexers among the 1 st to K th multiplexers other than the current multiplexer itself through multiplexers and electromagnetic connection between multiplexers.
  • the 1 st to K th calibrators are correspondingly disposed on the 1 st to K th boards respectively and configured to obtain P feature difference values between P calibration signals passing through all calibration loops of the active antenna and an original calibration signal.
  • P equals to the number of all transceiver units of the 1 st to K th transceiver unit arrays.
  • the calibration loops are formed by calibrators, multiplexers, couplers, TR channels, and baseband processing modules where the calibration signals are transmitted.
  • the feature difference calculating unit is configured to calculate a feature difference value of a receiving channel and/or transmitting channel of each transceiver unit of the active antenna relative to a reference receiving channel and/or transmitting channel respectively, according to an association relation between a feature difference value and a feature of each calibration loop, and P feature difference values obtained by each calibrator of the active antenna, where the feature difference value is a value about the feature difference between a calibration signal passing through each calibration loop of the active antenna and the original calibration signal.
  • Each baseband processing module is configured to perform feature compensation on a service signal of the corresponding transceiver unit in a digital domain according to the feature difference value of the receiving channel and/or transmitting channel of the corresponding transceiver unit, in which K is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.
  • the feature difference calculating unit is a first feature difference calculating unit, configured to obtain a feature difference value of a receiving channel and/or transmitting channel of each transceiver unit disposed on each board relative to the reference receiving channel and/or transmitting channel respectively through a matrix operation of arrays according to P one-dimensional arrays corresponding to calibration loops where calibration signals pass through.
  • the one-dimensional array represents features of each component where the signal is transmitted in the corresponding calibration loop and a feature difference value between the calibration signal passing through the calibration loop and the original calibration signal.
  • each calibrator in the active antenna is specifically configured to send an original reception calibration signal.
  • the original reception calibration signal is divided into a plurality of multiplexed signals through a multiplexer of the active antenna on the current board, and said a plurality of multiplexed signals enters reception calibration loops of the active antenna on the current board respectively.
  • the original reception calibration signal is transferred to multiplexers among the K multiplexers and other than the current multiplexer through electromagnetic connection between multiplexers, and the original reception calibration signal is divided into a plurality of multiplexed signals by each of the other multiplexers, and then said a plurality of multiplexed signals enters reception calibration loops of the active antenna on each of the other boards respectively.
  • the calibrator is further configured to receive P reception calibration signals passing through all reception calibration loops of the active antenna on the 1 st to K th boards, and then obtain P feature difference values between the P reception calibration signals and the sent original reception calibration signal through comparison.
  • the baseband processing module in the active antenna is further configured to send an original transmission calibration signal, where one baseband processing module carries out the sending after a predetermined delay interval that another baseband processing module carries out the sending.
  • the original transmission calibration signal enters a corresponding transmitting channel according to a signal transmission direction.
  • Each calibrator in the active antenna is specifically configured to receive I transmission calibration signals passing through transmission calibration loops of the active antenna on the current board through corresponding multiplexers, in which I equals to the number of all transmitting channels of the active antenna on the current board.
  • the calibrator is further configured to receive (P-I) transmission calibration signals transferred through electromagnetic connection between multiplexers, and obtain P feature difference values by comparing feature differences between the received P transmission calibration signals with the original transmission calibration signal sent by the corresponding baseband processing module.
  • each multiplexer includes a switch matrix, a power splitter/combiner, a duplexer, or any combination thereof.
  • the feature difference calculating unit may be integrated with one calibrator to form an integral primary calibrator.
  • the feature difference calculating unit may be integrated with one baseband processing module to form an integral module.
  • each transceiver unit array is corresponding to one calibrator.
  • Each transceiver unit array is not only calibrated by the corresponding calibrator on the same board, but also calibrated by other calibrators disposed on other boards. That is, calibration signals are transferred to transceiver unit arrays and calibrators on other boards through multiplexers disposed on different boards and electromagnetic connection between multiplexers.
  • Each calibrator of the active antenna obtains P feature difference values between P calibration signals passing through all calibration loops of the active antenna and an original calibration signal.
  • the feature difference calculating unit calculates a feature difference value of a receiving channel and/or transmitting channel of each transceiver unit of the active antenna relative to a reference receiving channel and/or transmitting channel, according to an association relation between a feature difference value and a feature of each calibration loop, and the P feature difference values obtained by each of the calibrators of the active antenna, where the feature difference value is a value about the feature difference between a calibration signal passing through each calibration loop of the active antenna and the original calibration signal.
  • each baseband processing module in the active antenna performs feature compensation on a service signal of the corresponding transceiver unit in a digital domain according to the feature difference value of the receiving channel and/or transmitting channel of the corresponding transceiver unit. Therefore, accurate calibration of the transceiver arrays disposed on different boards is realized.
  • FIG. 1 is a principle block diagram of an active antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the active antenna includes two antenna dipole arrays, a transceiver unit array (corresponding to one of the antenna dipole arrays) disposed on a first board (that is, a board 1 in FIG 1 ), a multiplexer D1, a calibrator E1, a transceiver unit array (corresponding to the other antenna dipole array) disposed on a second board (that is, a board 2 in FIG. 1 ), a multiplexer D2, and a calibrator E2.
  • a digital signal connection is established between the calibrator E1 and the calibrator E2.
  • the transceiver unit array on the first board includes M transceiver units (that is, TR channels B11 to B1M in FIG. 1 ).
  • the transceiver unit array on the second board includes N transceiver units (that is, TR channels B21 to B2N in FIG. 1 ).
  • Each transceiver unit includes a TR channel (a receiving channel and/or a transmitting channel) and a corresponding baseband processing module. M ⁇ 2 and N ⁇ 2.
  • the calibrator E1 is configured to obtain (M+N) feature difference values between (M+N) calibration signals passing through all calibration loops of the active antenna and an original calibration signal.
  • the calibrator E2 is configured to obtain (M+N) feature difference values between (M+N) calibration signals passing through all calibration loops of the active antenna and an original calibration signal.
  • the feature difference calculating unit is configured to calculate a feature difference value of a receiving channel and/or transmitting channel of each transceiver unit of the active antenna relative to a reference receiving channel and/or transmitting channel respectively, according to an association relation between a feature difference value and a feature of each calibration loop, and the (M+N) feature difference values obtained by each calibrator of the active antenna, where the feature difference value is a value about the feature difference between a calibration signal passing through each calibration loop of the active antenna and the original calibration signal.
  • the feature difference calculating unit is integrated with the calibrator E1 (or integrated with the calibrator E2).
  • each calibration loop includes at least a receiving channel or a transmitting channel.
  • a receiving channel or a transmitting channel corresponds to one calibration loop.
  • Each baseband processing module (A11 to A1M, A21 to A2N) is configured to perform feature compensation on a service signal of the corresponding transceiver unit in a digital domain according to the feature difference value of the receiving channel and/or transmitting channel of the corresponding transceiver unit.
  • the TR channels B11 to B1M and the TR channels B21 to B2N as shown in FIG. 1 have the same functions as that in the prior art, and couplers C11 to C1M and C21 to C2N have the same functions as that in the prior art, the description of which is thus omitted.
  • the calibrator D1 is specifically configured to send an original reception calibration signal.
  • the original reception calibration signal is divided into M multiplexed signals through the multiplexer D1.
  • the M multiplexed signals enter M reception calibration loops of the active antenna on the first board respectively.
  • the original reception calibration signal is transferred to the multiplexer D2 through the RF signal connection between the multiplexer D1 and the multiplexer D2 and is divided into N multiplexed signals through the multiplexer D2.
  • the N multiplexed signals enter N reception calibration loops of the active antenna on the second board respectively.
  • the calibrator E1 is configured to receive M reception calibration signals passing through the reception calibration loops of the active antenna on the first board and N reception calibration signals passing through the reception calibration loops of the active antenna on the second board and that are transferred through the digital signal connection between the calibrator E1 and the calibrator E2, and obtain (M+N) feature difference values between the (M+N) reception calibration signals and the original reception calibration signal sent by the calibrator E1 through comparison, in which M ⁇ 2 and N ⁇ 2.
  • M equals to the number of all receiving channels of the active antenna on the first board.
  • N equals to the number of all receiving channels of the active antenna on the second board.
  • the M reception calibration loops of the active antenna on the first board are formed by the calibrator E1, the multiplexer D1, M receiving channels, and M corresponding baseband processing modules on the first board.
  • the N reception calibration loops of the active antenna on the second board are formed by the calibrator E1 and the multiplexer D1 on the first board and the multiplexer D2, N receiving channels, N corresponding baseband processing modules, and the calibrator E2 on the second board.
  • the calibrator E2 is specifically configured to send an original reception calibration signal.
  • the original reception calibration signal is divided into N multiplexed signals through the multiplexer D2.
  • the N multiplexed signals enter the N reception calibration loops of the active antenna on the second board respectively.
  • the original reception calibration signal is transferred to the multiplexer D1 through the RF signal connection between the multiplexer D2 and the multiplexer D1 and is divided into M multiplexed signals through the multiplexer D1.
  • the M multiplexed signals enter the M reception calibration loops of the active antenna on the first board respectively.
  • the calibrator E2 is configured to receive N reception calibration signals passing through the reception calibration loops of the active antenna on the second board and M reception calibration signals passing through the reception calibration loops of the active antenna on the first board and that are transferred through the digital signal connection between the calibrator E1 and the calibrator E2, and obtain (M+N) feature difference values between the (M+N) reception calibration signals and the original reception calibration signal sent by the calibrator E2 through comparison.
  • the N reception calibration loops of the active antenna on the second board are formed by the calibrator E2, the multiplexer D2, N receiving channels, and N corresponding baseband processing modules on the second board.
  • the M calibration loops of the active antenna on the first board are formed by the calibrator E2 and the multiplexer D2 on the second board and the multiplexer D1, M receiving channels, M corresponding baseband processing modules, and the calibrator E1 on the first board.
  • the feature difference calculating unit is specifically configured to calculate a feature difference value of a receiving channel of each transceiver unit of the active antenna on the first and second boards relative to a reference receiving channel, according to an equivalent relation between a feature difference value and a feature of each reception calibration loop, according to the (M+N) feature difference values obtained by the calibrator E1, and according to the (M+N) feature difference values obtained by the calibrator E2, where the feature difference value is a value about the feature difference between the calibration signal passing through each reception calibration loop of the active antenna and the original calibration signal.
  • the feature difference calculating unit is integrated with the calibrator E1.
  • the feature difference value of the receiving channel and/or transmitting channel of each transceiver unit of the active antenna relative to the reference receiving channel and/or transmitting channel is obtained through a matrix operation of arrays respectively, according to (M+N) one-dimensional arrays obtained by the calibrator E1 and (M+N) one-dimensional arrays obtained by the calibrator E2. It should be noted that, after the calibration signal finishes passing through one calibration loop, a one-dimensional array may be obtained. In the embodiment of the present invention, the (M+N) one-dimensional arrays are obtained after the calibration signal sent by the calibrator E1 finishes passing through the (M+N) calibration loops respectively.
  • the (M+N) one-dimensional arrays are obtained after the calibration signal sent by the calibrator E2 finishes passing through the (M+N) calibration loops respectively.
  • a plurality of one-dimensional arrays forms a two-dimensional array.
  • Each baseband processing module (A11 to A1M, A21 to A2N) is specifically configured to perform feature compensation on a reception service signal of the corresponding transceiver unit in a digital domain according to the feature difference value of the receiving channel of the corresponding transceiver unit, so that each reception service signal may be coherently accumulated.
  • the feature difference value of the receiving channel of each transceiver unit of the active antenna on the first and second boards relative to the reference receiving channel is provided for being invoked by (M+N) reception DBF modules located within the baseband processing modules respectively.
  • the process includes the following steps.
  • Post compensation for signal features is performed in a digital domain for each reception service signal after reception demodulation, so as to counteract differences of features (an amplitude, a phase, and a delay) of the receiving channel of each transceiver unit, so that features (an amplitude, a phase, and a delay) of baseband signals of all receiving channels are equal or distributed according to a certain rule, so as to realize the coherent accumulation of the (M+N) reception service signals, thereby forming a receiving direction diagram of the antenna, and achieving a receiving sensitivity index of the whole antenna.
  • the calibrator E1 is specifically configured to send an original reception calibration signal.
  • the original reception calibration signal is divided into M multiplexed signals through the multiplexer D1.
  • the M multiplexed signals enter M reception calibration loops of the active antenna on the first board respectively.
  • the original reception calibration signal is transferred to the multiplexer D2 through the RF signal connection between the multiplexer D1 and the multiplexer D2 and is divided into N multiplexed signals through the multiplexer D2.
  • the N multiplexed signals enter N reception calibration loops of the active antenna on the second board respectively.
  • the calibrator E1 is configured to obtain features of M calibration signals passing through the reception calibration loops of the active antenna on the first board and features of N calibration signals passing through the reception calibration loops of the active antenna on the second board and that are transferred through the digital signal connection between the calibrator E1 and the calibrator E2, and obtain (M+N) feature difference values between the features of the (M+N) reception calibration signals and features of the sent original reception calibration signal through comparison.
  • the calibrator E2 is specifically configured to send an original reception calibration signal.
  • the original reception calibration signal is divided into N multiplexed signals through the multiplexer D2.
  • the N multiplexed signals enter the N reception calibration loops of the active antenna on the second board respectively.
  • the original reception calibration signal is transferred to the multiplexer D1 through the RF signal connection between the multiplexer D2 and the multiplexer D1 and is divided into M multiplexed signals through the multiplexer D1.
  • the M multiplexed signals enter the M reception calibration loops of the active antenna on the first board respectively.
  • the calibrator E2 is configured to obtain features of N reception calibration signals passing through the reception calibration loops of the active antenna on the second board and features of M reception calibration signals passing through the reception calibration loops of the active antenna on the first board and that are transferred through the digital signal connection between the calibrator E1 and the calibrator E2, and obtain (M+N) feature difference values between the features of the (M+N) reception calibration signals and the features of the original reception calibration signal through comparison.
  • the M baseband processing modules are further configured to send M original transmission calibration signals, where the sending is carried out by the baseband processing modules in sequence one after another, and one baseband processing module carries out the sending after a predetermined delay interval that another baseband processing module carries out the sending.
  • the original transmission calibration signals enter corresponding transmitting channels according to signal transmission directions (that is, the original transmission calibration signals enter transmission calibration loops).
  • the N baseband processing modules are further configured to send N original transmission calibration signals, wherein the sending is carried out by the baseband processing modules in sequence one after another, and one baseband processing module carries out the sending after predetermined delay interval in sequence that another baseband processing module carries out the sending.
  • the original transmission calibration signals enter corresponding transmitting channels according to signal transmission directions (that is, the original transmission calibration signals enter transmission calibration loops).
  • the calibrator E1 is specifically configured to receive M transmission calibration signals passing through transmission calibration loops of the active antenna on the first board, and N transmission calibration signals passing through transmission calibration loops of the active antenna on the second board and that are transferred through the RF signal connection between the multiplexer D1 and the multiplexer D2, and obtain (M+N) feature difference values between the transmission calibration signals and the (M+N) original transmission calibration signals respectively through comparison, in which M ⁇ 2 and N ⁇ 2.
  • M equals to the number of all transmitting channels of the active antenna on the first board.
  • N equals to the number of all transmitting channels of the active antenna on the second board.
  • the calibrator E2 is specifically configured to receive N transmission calibration signals passing through the transmission calibration loops of the active antenna on the second board, and M transmission calibration signals passing through the transmission calibration loops of the active antenna on the first board and that are transferred through the RF signal connection between the multiplexer D1 and the multiplexer D2, and obtain (M+N) feature difference values between the transmission calibration signals and the (M+N) original transmission calibration signals respectively through comparison.
  • M transmission calibration loops may be formed by the M baseband processing modules, corresponding M TR channels (specifically, transmitting channels), the multiplexer D1, and the calibrator E1 on the first board.
  • M transmission calibration loops may be formed by the M baseband processing modules, corresponding M TR channels (specifically, transmitting channels), and the multiplexer D1 on the first board, and the multiplexer D2 and the calibrator E2 on the second board.
  • N transmission calibration loops may be formed by the N baseband processing modules, corresponding N TR channels (specifically, transmitting channels), the multiplexer D2, and the calibrator E2 on the second board.
  • N transmission calibration loops may be formed by the N baseband processing modules, corresponding N TR channels (specifically, transmitting channels), the multiplexer D2 on the second board, the multiplexer D1, and the calibrator E1. It should be noted that, according to the transmission direction of signal streams, connection links or microstrip lines among the component units mentioned above are also components of calibration loops.
  • the feature difference calculating unit is specifically configured to calculate a feature difference value of a transmitting channel of each transceiver unit of the active antenna on the first and second boards relative to a reference transmitting channel, according to an equivalent relation between a feature difference value and a feature of each transmission calibration loop, according to the (M+N) feature difference values obtained by the calibrator E1, and according to the (M+N) feature difference values obtained by the calibrator E2 (in the first embodiment of the present invention, the feature difference calculating unit is integrated with the calibrator E1), where the feature difference value is a value about the feature difference between the transmission calibration signal passing through each transmission calibration loop of the active antenna and the original transmission calibration signals.
  • Each baseband processing module (A11 to A1M, A21 to A2N) is specifically configured to perform pre-compensation on features of a transmission service signal of the corresponding transceiver unit in a digital domain according to the feature difference value of the transmitting channel of the corresponding transceiver unit, so that features of each transmission service signal are distributed at the front end of the transceivers according to a certain rule.
  • the feature difference value of the transmitting channel of each transceiver unit of the active antenna on the first and second boards relative to the reference transmitting channel is provided for being invoked by (M+N) transmission DBF modules located within the baseband processing modules respectively.
  • the process includes the following steps.
  • Pre-compensation for signal features is performed in a digital domain for each transmission baseband signal before transmission demodulation, so as to counteract differences of features (an amplitude, a phase, and a delay) of the transmitting channel of each transceiver unit, so that features (an amplitude, a phase, and a delay) of all transmission signals after being modulated and amplified by the transmitting channel are equal at the front end of the transceivers (between an antenna dipole and a duplexer) or distributed according to a certain rule.
  • the transmission signals are converted into electromagnetic waves through the antenna dipole, and the vector composition occurs to the electromagnetic waves in the air, so as to form the required transmission direction diagram of the antenna.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a passive link for connecting two boards according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the passive link includes coaxial connectors (female), coaxial connectors (male), and a coaxial cable.
  • the coaxial connectors (male) are respectively disposed at two ends of the coaxial cable.
  • the coaxial connectors (male) are respectively connected to the coaxial connectors (female) disposed on the board 1 and the board 2.
  • electromagnetic-wave signal connection may exist between the multiplexer D11 and multiplexer D2.
  • each transceiver array corresponds to one calibration module.
  • a transceiver array on the first board corresponds to the calibrator E1
  • a transceiver array on the second board corresponds to the calibrator E2, ...
  • a transceiver array M on the M th board corresponds to the calibrator EM.
  • Each transceiver array is not only calibrated by the calibrator corresponding to the current transceiver array, but also calibrated by the other (M-1) calibrators besides the calibrator corresponding to the current transceiver array.
  • the multiplexer D1 on the first board and the multiplexer D2 on the second board have the same structure, shape, and features, or have feature differences that are already known.
  • the multiplexers have the same features by default.
  • the microstrip lines (or strip lines) from couplers C11, C12, ..., C1M to the multiplexer 1 have the same features as the microstrip lines (or strip lines) from C21, C22, ..., C2N to the multiplexer 2.
  • the passive links from the couplers C11, C12, ..., C1M to an input end A1 of the calibrator 1 have the same features as the passive links from C21, C22, ..., C2N to an input end A2 of the calibrator 2.
  • the passive links from the couplers C11, C12, ..., C1M to the input end A2 of the calibrator 2 have the same features as the passive links from C21, C22, ..., C2N to the input end A1 of the calibrator 1.
  • All baseband processing modules on the board 1 and the board 2 are digital circuits and have the same features.
  • a feature difference value of a receiving channel and/or a transmitting channel of each transceiver unit disposed on the first and second boards relative to a reference receiving channel and/transmitting channel is calculated, according to an association relation between a feature difference value and a feature of each calibration loop, according to (M+N) feature difference values obtained by the calibrator E1, and according to (M+N) feature difference values obtained by the calibrator E2, where the feature difference value is a value about the feature difference between a calibration signal passing through each calibration loop and the original calibration signal.
  • the features (an amplitude, a phase, and a delay) of the service signals of all the receiving channels are equal or distributed according to a certain rule, so as to realize coherent accumulation of the (M+N) reception service signals, thereby forming a required receiving direction diagram of the antenna, and achieving a receiving sensitivity index of the whole antenna.
  • the features (an amplitude, a phase, and a delay) of all transmission signals after being modulated and amplified by the transmitting channel are enabled to become equal at the front end of the transceivers (between an antenna dipole and a duplexer in the TR channel), or distributed according to a certain rule.
  • the transmission signals are converted into electromagnetic waves through the antenna dipole, and the vector composition occurs to the electromagnetic waves in the air, so as to form a required transmission direction diagram of the antenna.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an active antenna according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the active antenna includes two antenna dipole arrays, a transceiver unit array (corresponding to one of the antenna dipole arrays) disposed on a board 1, combiners 1A, 1B, and 1C, and a calibrator F1, a transceiver unit array (corresponding to the other antenna dipole array) disposed on a board 2, combiners 2A, 2B, and 2C, and a calibrator F2.
  • the calibrator F1 and the calibrator F2 are connected through digital signal connection.
  • the combiner 1A and the combiner 1B are connected through a link B1.
  • the combiner 1B and the combiner 1C are connected through a link E1.
  • the combiner 1B and the combiner 2C are connected through a link D1.
  • the combiner 2A and the combiner 2B are connected through a link B2.
  • the combiner 2B and the combiner 2C are connected through a link E2.
  • the combiner 2B and the combiner 1C re connected through a link D2.
  • Structures of the links D1, D2 are the same as the passive links according to the first embodiment of the present invention (referring to FIG. 2 ).
  • the calibrator F1 is configured to send an original reception calibration signal.
  • the original reception calibration signal is divided into two multiplexed reception calibration signals through the combiner 1C.
  • One reception calibration signal passes through the link E1, the combiner 1B, the link B1 and the combiner 1A in sequence according to a signal transmission direction, and then the reception calibration signal is divided into M multiplexed reception calibration signals through the combiner 1A.
  • the M reception calibration signals enter front end positions of M transceiver units through corresponding couplers C11 to C1M respectively, pass through receiving channels and baseband processing modules of the corresponding transceiver units, and return to the calibrator F1
  • the other reception calibration signal passes through the link D2, the combiner 2B, the link B2, and the combiner 2A in sequence according to a signal transmission direction, and then the reception calibration signal is divided into N multiplexed reception calibration signals through the combiner 2A.
  • the N reception calibration signals enter front end positions of N transceiver units through corresponding couplers C21 to C2N respectively, pass through receiving channels and baseband processing modules of the corresponding transceiver units, and return to the calibrator F2.
  • the calibrator F2 transmits the N reception calibration signals to the calibrator F1 through the digital signal connection with the calibrator F1. Then, (M+N) feature difference values between the received (M+N) reception calibration signals passing through calibration loops and the original reception calibration signal are obtained through comparison.
  • the digital signal connection between the calibrator F1 and the calibrator F2 does not influence the amplitude and phase of the signals. However, the delay of the signals is influenced, but the influence is quite little and already known.
  • M reception calibration loops are formed by the calibrator F1, the combiner 1C, the combiner 1B, the combiner 1A, M TR channels (specifically, receiving channels), and corresponding M baseband processing modules on the first board.
  • N reception calibration loops are formed by the calibrator F1 and the combiner 1C on the first board, the combiner 2B, the combiner 2A, N TR channels (specifically, receiving channels), corresponding N baseband processing modules, and the calibrator F2 on the second board.
  • the calibrator F2 is configured to send an original reception calibration signal.
  • the original reception calibration signal is divided into two multiplexed reception calibration signals through the combiner 2C.
  • One reception calibration signal passes through the link E2, the combiner 2B, the link B2, and the combiner 2A in sequence according to a signal transmission direction, and then the reception calibration signal is divided into N multiplexed reception calibration signals through the combiner 2A.
  • the N reception calibration signals enter front end positions of N transceiver units through the corresponding couplers C21 to C2N respectively, pass through receiving channels and baseband processing modules of the corresponding transceiver units, and return to the calibrator F2.
  • the other reception calibration signal passes through the link D1 the combiner 1B, the link B1 and the combiner 1A in sequence according to a signal transmission direction, and then the reception calibration signal is divided into M multiplexed reception calibration signals through the combiner 1A.
  • the M reception calibration signals enter front end positions of M transceiver units through the corresponding couplers C11 to C1M respectively, pass through receiving channels and baseband processing modules of the corresponding transceiver units, and return to the calibrator F1.
  • the calibrator F1 transmits the M reception calibration signals to the calibrator F2 through the digital signal connection with the calibrator F2.
  • (M+N) feature difference values between the received (M+N) reception calibration signals passing through calibration loops and the original reception calibration signal are obtained through comparison.
  • the digital signal connection between the calibrator F1 and the calibrator F2 does not influence the amplitude and phase of the signals. However, the delay of the signals is influenced, but the influence is quite little and already known.
  • the N reception calibration loops are formed by the calibrator F2, the combiner 2C, the combiner 2B, the combiner 2A, N TR channels (specifically, receiving channels), and corresponding N baseband processing modules on the second board.
  • the M reception calibration loops are formed by the calibrator F2 and the combiner 2C on the second board, the combiner 1B, the combiner 1A, M TR channels (specifically, receiving channels), corresponding M baseband processing modules, and the calibrator F1 on the first board. It should be noted that, the calibration loops indicate each component where the calibration signals pass through and connection links between the components.
  • the feature difference calculating unit is configured to calculate a feature difference value of a receiving channel of each transceiver unit of the active antenna on the first and second boards relative to a reference receiving channel, according to an equivalent relation between a feature difference value and a feature of each reception calibration loop, according to (M+N) feature difference values obtained by the calibrator F1, and according to (M+N) feature difference values obtained by the calibrator F2, where the feature difference value is a value about the feature difference between a calibration signal passing through each reception calibration loop of the active antenna and the original calibration signal.
  • the feature difference calculating unit is integrated with the calibrator F1 (the feature difference calculating unit may also be integrated with the calibrator F2).
  • Each baseband processing module (A11 to A1M, A21 to A2N) is configured to perform post feature compensation on a reception service signal of the corresponding transceiver unit in a digital domain according to the feature difference value of the receiving channel of the corresponding transceiver unit, so that each reception service signal can be coherently accumulated, thereby forming a required receiving direction diagram of the antenna, and achieving a receiving sensitivity index of the whole antenna.
  • the combiners 1A, 1B and 1C on the first board and the combiners 2A, 2B, and 2C on the second board have the same structures and shapes.
  • the links B1, B2 have the same features.
  • the links E1, E2 have the same features.
  • the microstrip lines (or strip lines) from the couplers C11, C12, ..., C1M to the combiner 1A have the same features as the microstrip lines (or strip lines) from C21, C22, ..., C2N to the combiner 2A.
  • the links D1, D2 also have the same features.
  • the passive links from the couplers C11, C12, ..., C1M to the input end A1 of the calibrator F1 have the same features as the passive links from C21, C22, ..., C2N to the input end A2 of the calibrator F2.
  • the passive links from the couplers C11, C12, ..., C1M to the input end A2 of the calibrator F2 have the same features as the passive links from C21, C22, ..., C2N to the input end A1 of the calibrator F1. All the baseband processing modules on the board 1 and the board 2 have the same features.
  • the links B1, B2 have the same features
  • the links E1, E2 have the same features.
  • microstrip lines (or strip lines) from the couplers C11, C12, ..., C1M to the combiner 1A have the same features as the microstrip lines (or strip lines) from C21, C22, ..., C2N to the combiner 2A.
  • Both the links D1, D2 have the structures as shown in FIG. 2 and the cables have the same length. Therefore, the links D1, D2 also have the same features.
  • the features SAC11 of the passive links from the couplers C11, C12, ..., C1M to the input end A1 of the calibrator F2 are the same as the features SAC22 of the passive links from C21, C22, ..., C2N to the input end A2 of the calibrator F2, which are set as SACC.
  • the features SAC12 of the passive links from the couplers C11, C12, ..., C1M to the input end A2 of the calibrator F2 are the same as the features SAC21 of the passive links from C21, C22, ..., C2N to the input end A1 of the calibrator F1, which are set as SACD.
  • the calibrator F1 on the board 1 calibrates all the (M+N) transceiver units of the active antenna on the board 1 and the board 2 according to the embodiment of the present invention, and the following equations are listed.
  • the calibrator F2 on the board 2 calibrates all the (M+N) transceiver units on the board 1 and the board 2, and the following equations are listed.
  • a plurality of methods may be adopted for solving the equation sets, as long as a difference of the features of each transceiver is acquired.
  • the 1 st equation in the Equation Set 1 is respectively subtracted from the 2 nd , 3 rd , ..., M th equations in the Equation Set 1 to obtain an Equation Set 5.
  • the STR12 represents the feature of the TR channel 12 on the board 1
  • the STR11 represents the feature of the TR channel 11 on the board 1.
  • the Equation Set 5 indicates that the calibrator F2 on the board 1 can calibrate all the M transceivers on the board 1.
  • Equation Set 1 The 1st equation in the Equation Set 1 is added with the 1st equation in the Equation Set 3 to obtain an Equation 6.
  • STR ⁇ 11 + SACC + SCAL ⁇ 1 + SBB + STR ⁇ 11 + SACD + SCAL ⁇ 2 + SBB SE ⁇ 111 + SE ⁇ 211
  • Equation Set 7 The 1 st , 2 nd , ..., N th equations in the Equation Set 2 are added with the 1 st , 2 nd , ..., N th equations in the Equation Set 4 respectively, so as to obtain an Equation Set 7.
  • Equation 6 is respectively subtracted from all the equations in the Equation Set 7 to obtain an Equation Set 8.
  • STR ⁇ 21 - STR ⁇ 11 SE ⁇ 221 + SE ⁇ 121 - SE ⁇ 211 + SE ⁇ 111 / 2
  • the STR21, STR22, ..., STR2N respectively represent the feature of the TR channel B21, TR channel B22, ..., TR channel B2N of the active antenna on the board 2 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the Star11 represents the feature of the TR channel B11 of the active antenna on the board 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the Equation Set 5 and the Equation Set 8 represent that, by taking the features of the first transceiver of the active antenna on the board 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention as the reference, the features of all the other transceivers on the two boards can be obtained. Therefore, the cross calibration method according to the embodiment of the present invention can calibrate all the transceiver units of the transceiver arrays distributed on two boards, which are specifically receiving channels and/or transmitting channels of the transceiver units.
  • the foregoing derivation process is illustrated by taking, for example, the features of the first transceiver of the active antenna on the board 1 as the reference.
  • the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the features of the second transceiver of the active antenna on the board 1 may also be taken as the reference.
  • the features of the first transceiver of the active antenna on the board 2 may be taken as the reference, and so forth.
  • the calibration signal is a reception calibration signal
  • the feature difference of the receiving channel of each transceiver unit of the transceiver arrays distributed on the boards 1, 2 of the active antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention relative to the reference receiving channel is calculated.
  • the calibration signal is a transmission calibration signal
  • the feature difference of the transmitting channel of each transceiver unit of the transceiver arrays distributed on the boards 1, 2 of the active antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention relative to the reference transmitting channel is calculated.
  • the feature difference of the receiving channel and/or transmitting channel of each transceiver unit of the transceiver arrays distributed on the boards 1, 2 relative to the reference receiving channel and/or transmitting channel can be calculated, but also the feature difference between the calibrator F1 disposed on the board 1 and the calibrator F2 disposed on the board 2 can be calculated.
  • the TR channel B11 serves as a shared "calibrator” to calibrate the difference between the calibrator F1 and the calibrator F2
  • the feature difference between the link B1 (or B2) and the link D1 (or D2) is also mixed in the calibration.
  • the TR channel B21 serves as the shared "calibrator” to calibrate the feature difference between the calibrator F1 and the calibrator F2 once again.
  • any TR channel may serve as a shared "calibrator" to calibrate the feature difference between the calibrator F1 and the calibrator F2.
  • the feature difference values of receiving channels of all transceiver units of the active antenna on the first and second boards according to the embodiment of the present invention relative to any receiving channel of the active antenna on the first and second boards according to the embodiment of the present invention are calculated, according to an equivalent relation between a feature difference value and a feature of each calibration loop, according to (M+N) feature difference values obtained by the calibrator F1, and according to (M+N) feature difference values obtained by the calibrator F2, where the feature difference value is a value about the feature difference between a calibration signal passing through each calibration loop and the original calibration signal.
  • the features of any receiving channel may be taken as the reference, so as to counteract the feature differences of receiving channels of all transceiver units distributed on different boards.
  • the features (an amplitude, a phase, and a delay) of the service signals of all the receiving channels are made to be equal or distributed according to a certain rule, so as to realize coherent accumulation of (M+N) reception service signals, thereby forming a required receiving direction diagram of the antenna, and achieving a receiving sensitivity index of the whole antenna.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of another active antenna according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the differences between the third embodiment and the second embodiment lie in that, one combiner is omitted on each board, and a link D is provided between boards to realize interconnection (transmission) of calibration RF signals between the boards.
  • the active antenna includes two antenna dipole arrays, a transceiver unit array (corresponding to one of the antenna dipole arrays) disposed on a board 1, combiners 1A, 1B, a calibrator E1, a transceiver unit array (corresponding to the other antenna dipole array) disposed on a board 2, combiners 2A, 2B, and a calibrator E2.
  • the calibrator E1 and the calibrator E2 are connected through digital signal connection.
  • the combiner 1A and the combiner 1B are connected through a link B1.
  • the combiner 1B and the calibrator E1 are connected.
  • the combiner 1B and the combiner 2B are connected through a link D.
  • the combiner 2A and the combiner 2B are connected through a link B2.
  • the combiner 2B and the calibrator E2 are connected.
  • the other connection relations are the same as that in the prior art, the description of which is omitted here.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the link D.
  • the calibrator E1 is configured to send an original reception calibration signal.
  • the original reception calibration signal is divided into two multiplexed reception calibration signals through the combiner 1B.
  • One reception calibration signal passes through the link B1 and the combiner 1A in sequence according to a signal transmission direction, and then the reception calibration signal is divided into M multiplexed reception calibration signals through the combiner 1A.
  • the M reception calibration signals enter front end positions of M transceiver units through corresponding couplers C11 to C1M respectively, pass through receiving channels and baseband processing modules of the corresponding transceiver units, and return to the calibrator E1.
  • the other reception calibration signal passes through the link D, the combiner 2B, the link B2, and the combiner 2A in sequence according to a signal transmission direction, and then the reception calibration signal is divided into N multiplexed reception calibration signals through the combiner 2A.
  • the N reception calibration signals enter front end positions of N transceiver units through corresponding couplers C21 to C2N respectively, pass through receiving channels and baseband processing modules of the corresponding transceiver units, and return to the calibrator E2.
  • the calibrator E2 transmits the N reception calibration signals to the calibrator E1 through the digital signal connection with the calibrator E1, and obtains (M+N) feature difference values between the received (M+N) reception calibration signals passing through calibration loops and the original reception calibration signal through comparison.
  • the digital signal connection between the calibrator E1 and the calibrator E2 does not influence the amplitude and phase of the signals. However, the delay of the signals is influenced, but the influence is quite little and already known.
  • M reception calibration loops are formed by the calibrator E1, the combiner 1B, the combiner 1A, M TR channels (specifically, receiving channels), and corresponding M baseband processing modules on the first board.
  • N reception calibration loops are formed by the calibrator E1 and the combiner 1B on the first board and the combiner 2B, the combiner 2A, N TR channels (specifically, receiving channels), corresponding N baseband processing modules, and the calibrator E2 on the second board.
  • the calibrator E2 is configured to send an original reception calibration signal.
  • the original reception calibration signal is divided into two multiplexed reception calibration signals through the combiner 2B.
  • One reception calibration signal passes through the link B2 and the combiner 2A in sequence according to a signal transmission direction, and then the reception calibration signal is divided into N multiplexed reception calibration signals through the combiner 2A.
  • the N reception calibration signals enter front end positions of the N transceiver units through the corresponding couplers C21 to C2N respectively, pass through the receiving channels and the baseband processing modules of the corresponding transceiver units, and return to the calibrator E2.
  • the other reception calibration signal passes through the link D, the combiner 1B, the link B1, and the combiner 1A in sequence according to a signal transmission direction, and then the reception calibration signal is divided into M multiplexed reception calibration signals through the combiner 1A.
  • the M reception calibration signals enter front end positions of the M transceiver units through the corresponding couplers C11 to C1M respectively, pass through the receiving channels and the baseband processing modules of the corresponding transceiver units, and return to the calibrator E1.
  • the calibrator E1 transmits the M reception calibration signals to the calibrator E2 through the digital signal connection with the calibrator E2, and obtains (M+N) feature difference values between the received (M+N) reception calibration signals passing through calibration loops and the original reception calibration signal through comparison.
  • the digital signal connection between the calibrator E1 and the calibrator E2 does not influence the amplitude and phase of the signals. However, the delay of the signals is influenced, but the influence is quite little and already known.
  • N reception calibration loops are formed by the calibrator E2, the combiner 2B, the combiner 2A, N TR channels (specifically, receiving channels), corresponding N baseband processing modules on the second board.
  • M reception calibration loops are formed by the calibrator E2 and the combiner 2B on the second board, the combiner 1B, the combiner 1A, M TR channels (specifically, receiving channels), corresponding M baseband processing modules, and the calibrator E1 on the first board.
  • the calibrator E1 serves as a primary calibrator, and is further configured to calculate a feature difference value of a receiving channel of each transceiver unit of the active antenna on the first and second boards relative to a reference receiving channel, according to an equivalent relation between a feature difference value and a feature of each reception calibration loop, according to (M+N) feature difference values obtained by the calibrator E1, and according to (M+N) feature difference values obtained by the calibrator E2, where the feature difference value is a value about the feature difference between a reception calibration signal passing through each reception calibration loop of the active antenna and the original reception calibration signal.
  • Each of the (M+N) baseband processing modules (A11 to A1M, A21 to A2N) is configured to perform post feature compensation on a reception service signal of the corresponding transceiver unit in a digital domain according to the feature difference value of the receiving channel of the corresponding transceiver unit, so that each reception service signal can be coherently accumulated, thereby forming a required receiving direction diagram of the antenna, and achieving a receiving sensitivity index of the whole antenna.
  • the combiners 1A, 1B on the first board and the combiners 2A, 2B on the second board have the same structures and shapes.
  • the links B1, B2 have the same features.
  • the microstrip lines (or strip lines) from the couplers C 11, C12, ..., C1M to the combiner 1A have the same features as the microstrip lines (or strip lines) from C21, C22, ..., C2N to the combiner 2A.
  • the passive links from the couplers C11, C12, ..., C1M to an input end A1 of the calibrator E1 have the same features as the passive links from C21, C22, ..., C2N to an input end A2 of the calibrator E2.
  • the passive links from the couplers C11, C12, ..., C1M to the input end A2 of the calibrator E2 have the same features as the passive links from C21, C22, ..., C2N to the input end A1 of the calibrator E1. All the baseband processing modules on the board 1 and the board 2 have the same features.
  • the (M+N) baseband processing modules (A11 to A1M, A21 to A2N) are further configured to send (M+N) original transmission calibration signals (it should be noted that, each baseband processing module sends an original transmission calibration signal), where the sending is carried out by the baseband processing modules in sequence one after another, and one baseband processing module carries out the sending after a predetermined delay interval that another baseband processing module carries out the sending.
  • the original transmission calibration signals enter corresponding transmitting channels (B11 to B1M, B21 to B2N) according to signal transmission directions and reach corresponding couplers (C11 to C1M, C21 to C2N).
  • the M transmission calibration signals on the board 1 are combined into one transmission calibration signal through the combiner 1A.
  • the transmission calibration signal is transmitted to the combiner 1B through the link B1 and is divided into two multiplexed transmission calibration signals through the combiner 1B.
  • One of the two transmission calibration signals returns to the calibrator E1.
  • the other transmission calibration signal reaches the combiner 2B through the link D and returns to the calibrator E2.
  • the N transmission calibration signals on the board 2 are combined into one transmission calibration signal through the combiner 2A.
  • the transmission calibration signal is transmitted to the combiner 2B through the link B2 and is divided into two multiplexed transmission calibration signals through the combiner 2B.
  • One of the two transmission calibration signals returns to the calibrator E2.
  • the other transmission calibration signal reaches the combiner 1B through the link D and returns to the calibrator E1.
  • M transmission calibration loops are formed by the M baseband processing modules, corresponding M TR channels (specifically, transmitting channels), the combiner 1A, the combiner 1B, and the calibrator E1 on the first board.
  • M transmission calibration loops are formed by the M baseband processing modules, corresponding M TR channels (specifically, transmitting channels), the combiner 1A, and the combiner 1 B on the first board, the combiner 2B and the calibrator E2 on the second board.
  • N transmission calibration loops are formed by the N baseband processing modules, corresponding N TR channels (specifically, transmitting channels), the combiner 2A, the combiner 2B, and the calibrator E2 on the second board.
  • N transmission calibration loops are formed by the N baseband processing modules, corresponding N TR channels (specifically, transmitting channels), the combiner 2A, and the combiner 2B on the second board, the combiner 1B, and the calibrator E1. It should be noted that, according to the transmission direction of signal streams, connection links or microstrip lines among the component units mentioned above are also components of calibration loops.
  • the calibrator E1 is further configured to receive the M transmission calibration signals passing through transmission calibration loops of the active antenna on the first board, and the N transmission calibration signals passing through transmission calibration loops of the active antenna on the second board and that are transferred through the link D between the combiner 1B and the combiner 2B, and obtain (M+N) feature difference values between the transmission calibration signals and the (M+N) original transmission calibration signals respectively through comparison.
  • M equals to the number of all transmitting channels of the active antenna on the first board.
  • N equals to the number of all transmitting channels of the active antenna on the second board.
  • the calibrator E2 is further configured to receive the N transmission calibration signals passing through the transmission calibration loops of the active antenna on the second board, and the M transmission calibration signals passing through the transmission calibration loops of the active antenna on the first board and that are transferred through the link D between the combiner 1B and the combiner 2B, and obtain (M+N) feature difference values between the transmission calibration signals and the (M+N) original transmission calibration signals respectively through comparison.
  • the calibrator E1 serves as a primary calibrator, and is further configured to calculate a feature difference value of a transmitting channel of each transceiver unit of the active antenna on the first and second boards relative to a reference transmitting channel, according to an equivalent relation between a feature difference value and a feature of each transmission calibration loop, according to the (M+N) feature difference values obtained by the calibrator E1, and according to the (M+N) feature difference values obtained by the calibrator E2, where the feature difference value is a value about the feature difference between a transmission calibration signal passing through each transmission calibration loop of the active antenna and the original transmission calibration signal.
  • Each baseband processing module (A11 to A1M, A21 to A2N) is further configured to perform pre-compensation on features of a transmission service signal of the corresponding transceiver unit in a digital domain according to the feature difference value of the transmitting channel of the corresponding transceiver unit, so that the features of each transmission service signal are distributed at the front end of the transceivers according to a certain rule.
  • the feature difference values of receiving channels and/or transmitting channels of all the transceiver units of the active antenna on the first and second boards according to the embodiment of the present invention relative to the reference receiving channel and/or transmitting channel are calculated, according to an equivalent relation between a feature difference value and a feature of each calibration loop, according to the (M+N) feature difference values obtained by the calibrator E1, and according to the (M+N) feature difference values obtained by the calibrator E2, where the feature difference value is a value about the feature difference between a calibration signal passing through each calibration loop and the original calibration signal.
  • the features (an amplitude, a phase, and a delay) of the service signals of all the receiving channels are equal or distributed according to a certain rule, so as to realize coherent accumulation of (M+N) reception service signals, thereby forming a required receiving direction diagram of the antenna, and achieving a receiving sensitivity index of the whole antenna.
  • the features (an amplitude, a phase, and a delay) of all transmission signals after being modulated and amplified by the transmitting channels are enabled to become equal at the front end of the transceivers (between an antenna dipole and a duplexer in the TR channel), or distributed according to a certain rule.
  • the transmission signals are converted into electromagnetic waves through the antenna dipole, and the vector composition occurs to the electromagnetic waves in the air, so as to form a required transmission direction diagram of the antenna.
  • the transceiver arrays may be distributed on a plurality of boards, for example, distributed on 1 st to K th (K is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2) boards.
  • FIG. 5 is a peripheral block diagram of combiners when transceiver arrays in an active antenna are distributed at three boards according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the combiner 1A, the combiner 1B, and the calibrator E1 are disposed on the first board.
  • the combiner 2A, the combiner 2B, and the calibrator E2 are disposed on the second board.
  • a combiner 3A, a combiner 3B, and a calibrator E3 are disposed on a third board.
  • the other connection relations on the boards are the same as that in the foregoing embodiments, the description of which is omitted here.
  • the combiner 1B disposed on the first board and the combiner 2B disposed on the second board are connected through a link D12, so as to transfer calibration signals between the boards.
  • the combiner 1B disposed on the first board and the combiner 3B disposed on the third board are connected through a link D13, so as to transfer calibration signals between the boards.
  • the combiner 2B disposed on the second board and the combiner 3B disposed on the third board are connected through a link D23, so as to transfer calibration signals between the boards.
  • the calibrators disposed on the boards may be connected in pairs through signal lines CAL12, CAL13, and CAL23.
  • the CAL13 can be omitted, so that the calibrator E1 and the calibrator E3 are interconnected through the calibrator E2.
  • four or more boards may be used in the embodiments of the present invention.
  • the transceiver arrays in the active antenna are distributed on three boards according to the embodiment of the present invention, peripheral physical structures of the combiners are shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the calibration solution may be obtained with reference to this embodiment, the description of which is omitted.
  • a calibration method is provided according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, which is applied to an active antenna including 1 st to K th transceiver unit arrays, corresponding 1 st to K th multiplexers, and corresponding 1 st to K th calibrators correspondingly disposed on 1 st to K th boards respectively.
  • K is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2. The method includes the following steps.
  • step S601 the 1 st to K th calibrators obtain P feature difference values between P calibration signals passing through all calibration loops of the active antenna on the 1 st to K th boards and an original calibration signal.
  • P equals to the number of all transceiver units of the 1 st to K th transceiver unit arrays.
  • step S6 02 a feature difference value of a receiving channel and/or transmitting channel of each transceiver unit of the active antenna relative to a reference receiving channel and/or transmitting channel is calculated respectively, according to an association relation between a feature difference value and a feature of each calibration loop, and the P feature difference values obtained by each calibrator of the active antenna, where the feature difference value is a value about the feature difference between a calibration signal passing through each calibration loop of the active antenna and the original calibration signal.
  • the reference receiving channel and/or transmitting channel here is a receiving channel and/or transmitting channel of any transceiver unit included in the 1 st to K th transceiver unit arrays respectively.
  • the feature difference here is represented by three indexes, that is, an amplitude, a phase, and a delay of the transceiver unit (specifically, receiving channel and/or transmitting channel).
  • step S603 feature compensation is performed on a service signal of the corresponding transceiver unit in a digital domain according to the feature difference value of the receiving channel and/or transmitting channel of the corresponding transceiver unit.
  • the method further includes the following steps.
  • Each calibrator sends an original reception calibration signal.
  • the original reception calibration signal is divided into a plurality of multiplexed signals through the multiplexer of the active antenna on the current board. Said a plurality of multiplexed signals enters reception calibration loops of the active antenna on the current board respectively.
  • the original reception calibration signal is transferred to multiplexers among the K multiplexers and other than the current multiplexer itself through electromagnetic connection between multiplexers, and then the original reception calibration signal is divided into a plurality of multiplexed signals through each of the other multiplexers. Said a plurality of multiplexed signals enters reception calibration loops of the active antenna on each of the other boards respectively.
  • step S601 the obtaining the P feature difference values between the P calibration signals passing through all the calibration loops of the active antenna on the 1 st to K th boards and the original calibration signal includes receiving P reception calibration signals passing through all reception calibration loops of the active antenna on the 1 st to K th boards and obtaining P feature difference values between the P reception calibration signals and the original reception calibration signal through comparison.
  • the method further includes the following steps.
  • Each baseband processing module sends an original transmission calibration signal, where the sending is carried out by the baseband processing modules in sequence one after another, and one baseband processing module carries out the sending after a predetermined delay interval that another baseband processing module carries out the sending.
  • Each original transmission calibration signal enters a corresponding transmitting channel according to a signal transmission direction.
  • step S601 the obtaining the P feature difference values between the P calibration signals passing through all the calibration loops of the active antenna on the 1 st to K th boards and the original calibration signal includes: receiving I transmission calibration signals passing through transmission calibration loops of the active antenna on the current board, in which I equals to the number of all transmitting channels of the active antenna on the current board; receiving (P-I) transmission calibration signals transferred through electromagnetic connection between multiplexers; and comparing the P transmission calibration signals with the P original transmission calibration signals respectively to obtain P feature difference values.
  • step S602 includes the following steps.
  • the feature difference value of the receiving channel and/or transmitting channel of each transceiver unit disposed on each board relative to the reference receiving channel and/or transmitting channel is obtained through a matrix operation of arrays respectively, according to P one-dimensional arrays corresponding to all calibration loops where calibration signals pass through.
  • the one-dimensional array represents features of each component in the corresponding calibration loop where the signal is transmitted, and the feature difference value between the calibration signal passing through the calibration loop and the original calibration signal.
  • the components here include multiplexers, TR channels, baseband processing modules, calibrators, and connection links between the foregoing components according to the transmission direction of signal streams.
  • the feature difference value of the receiving channel and/or transmitting channel of each transceiver unit disposed on different boards relative to the reference receiving channel and/transmitting channel is calculated, according to the association relation between the feature difference value and a feature of each calibration loop, where the feature difference value is a value about the feature difference between the calibration signal passing through each calibration loop and the original calibration signal. Then, the feature compensation is performed on a service signal of the corresponding transceiver unit in a digital domain according to the feature difference value of the receiving channel and/or transmitting channel of the corresponding transceiver unit. Therefore, accurate calibration between transceivers disposed on different boards is realized.
  • the features of any receiving channel or transmitting channel may be taken as the reference, so as to counteract feature differences of the receiving channels or transmitting channels of the transceiver units distributed on different boards.
  • the features (an amplitude, a phase, and a delay) of service signals of all the receiving channels are equal or distributed according to a certain rule, so as to realize coherent accumulation of (M+N) reception service signals, thereby forming a required receiving direction diagram of the antenna, and achieving a receiving sensitivity index of the whole antenna.
  • the features (an amplitude, a phase, and a delay) of all transmission signals after being modulated and amplified by the transmitting channels are enabled to become equal at the front end of the transceivers (between an antenna dipole and a duplexer), or distributed according to a certain rule.
  • the transmission signals are converted into electromagnetic waves through the antenna dipole, and the vector composition occurs to the electromagnetic waves in the air, so as to form a required transmission direction diagram of the antenna.
  • FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a calibration method according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • another calibration method is provided, which is applied in the active antenna as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the method includes the following steps.
  • step S701 a calibrator E1 sends an original reception calibration signal.
  • step S701' a calibrator E2 sends an original reception calibration signal.
  • step S702 the original reception calibration signal passes through a multiplexer D 1 and M couplers on a board 1 and enters front end positions of M transceivers on the board 1 respectively.
  • the original reception calibration signal enters front end positions ofN transceivers on a board 2 respectively through the multiplexer D1, electromagnetic connection between the multiplexer D1 and a multiplexer D2, the multiplexer D2, and N couplers on the board 2.
  • step S702' the original reception calibration signal passes through the multiplexer D2 and the N couplers on the board 2 and enters the front end positions of the N transceivers on the board 2 respectively.
  • the original reception calibration signal enters the front end positions of the M transceivers on the board 1 respectively through the multiplexer D2, the electromagnetic connection between the multiplexer D2 and the multiplexer D1, the multiplexer D1, and the M couplers on the board 1.
  • step S703 the reception calibration signal passes through a receiving channel and a baseband processing module of each transceiver on the board I and the board 2, and reaches the calibrator E1.
  • step S703' the reception calibration signal passes through a receiving channel and a baseband processing module of each transceiver on the board 1 and the board 2, and reaches the calibrator E2.
  • step S704 the calibrator E1 obtains feature differences between the sent original reception calibration signal and the received reception calibration signals through comparison, so as to obtain (N+M) one-dimensional arrays.
  • step S704' the calibrator E2 obtains feature differences between the sent original reception calibration signal and the received reception calibration signals through comparison, so as to obtain (N+M) one-dimensional arrays.
  • step S705 feature difference values representing feature differences of receiving channels of all the transceiver units of the active antenna on the board 1 and the board 2 are obtained through a matrix operation of arrays according to the (N+M) one-dimensional arrays obtained in step S704 and the (N+M) one-dimensional arrays obtained in step S704'.
  • each baseband processing module performs post compensation on features of reception service signals according to the feature difference values of the corresponding receiving channels respectively, so as to coherently accumulate each reception service signal.
  • steps S701, S702, and S703 are illustrated as separate steps. It should be understood that, steps S701, S702, and S703 may be combined into one step. Similarly, steps S701', S702', and S703' may also be combined into one step.
  • the features (an amplitude, a phase, and a delay) of service signals of all the receiving channels are equal or distributed according to a certain rule, so as to realize coherent accumulation of (M+N) reception service signals, thereby forming a required receiving direction diagram of the antenna, and achieving a receiving sensitivity index of the whole antenna.
  • FIG. 8 is a flow chart of a calibration method according to an embodiment of the present invention. Still another calibration method is provided in the embodiment of the present invention, which is applied in the active antenna as shown in FIG. 1 . Referring to FIG. 8 , the method includes the following steps.
  • step S801 all (M+N) baseband processing modules send (M+N) original transmission calibration signals, where the sending is carried out by the baseband processing modules in sequence one after another, one baseband processing module carries out the sending after a predetermined delay interval that another baseband processing module carries out the sending, and the (M+N) original transmission calibration signals pass through corresponding transmitting channels and reach corresponding couplers and corresponding multiplexers.
  • step S802 the M transmission calibration signals on a board I return to a calibrator E1 through a multiplexer D1.
  • the N transmission calibration signals on a board 2 return to the calibrator E1 through a multiplexer D2, electromagnetic connection between multiplexers, and the multiplexer D1.
  • step S802' the N transmission calibration signals on the board 2 return to a calibrator E2 through the multiplexer D2.
  • the M transmission calibration signals on the board 1 return to the calibrator E2 through the multiplexer D1, the electromagnetic connection between multiplexers, and the multiplexer D2.
  • step S803 the calibrator E1 compares the received (M+N) transmission calibration signals with the (M+N) original transmission calibration signals sent by the baseband processing modules, so as to obtain (M+N) one-dimensional arrays.
  • step S803' the calibrator E2 compares the received (M+N) transmission calibration signals with the (M+N) original transmission calibration signals sent by the baseband processing modules, so as to obtain (M+N) one-dimensional arrays.
  • step S804 feature difference values representing feature differences of all transmitting channels of the active antenna on the board 1 and the board 2 are obtained through a matrix operation of arrays according to the (M+N) one-dimensional arrays obtained in step S803 and the (M+N) one-dimensional arrays obtained in step S803'.
  • each baseband processing module performs pre-compensation on features of transmission service signals according to the feature difference values of the corresponding transmitting channels respectively, so that the features of each transmission service signal are distributed at front ends of the transceivers according to a certain rule.
  • the feature difference value of the transmitting channel of each transceiver unit disposed on each board relative to a reference transmitting channel is obtained through a matrix operation of arrays respectively, according to a plurality of one-dimensional arrays corresponding to all the calibration loops where the calibration signals pass through. Then, the feature compensation is performed on a transmission service signal of the corresponding transceiver unit according to the feature difference value of the transmitting channel of the co rresponding transceiver unit. Therefore, accurate calibration between transceivers disposed on different boards is realized.
  • the features of a certain transmitting channel are taken as the ref erence, so as to counteract feature differences of the transmitting channels of the transceiver units distributed on different boards. Furthermore, the features (an amplitude, a phase, and a delay) of all transmission signals after being modulated and amplified by the transmitting channels are enabled to become equal at the front end of the transceivers (between an antenna dipole and a duplexer in the TR channel), or distributed according to a certain rule.
  • the transmission signals are converted into electromagnetic waves through the antenna dipole, and the vector composition occurs to the electromagnetic waves in the air, so as to form a required transmission direction diagram of the antenna.
  • transceiver array A disposed on one board and a transceiver array B disposed on another board form a unified transceiver array C.
  • the calibration signal in the embodiment of the present invention includes a pseudo-random code or a single tone.
  • the program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium.
  • the storage medium may be a magnetic disk, a Compact Disk Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM), a Read-Only Memory (ROM) or a Random Access Memory (RAM).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Radio Transmission System (AREA)
EP09839841.5A 2009-04-22 2009-04-22 Kalibrationsverfahren und aktivantenne Active EP2270923B1 (de)

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PCT/CN2009/071412 WO2010121425A1 (zh) 2009-04-22 2009-04-22 一种校准方法及有源天线

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WO2015062761A1 (en) * 2013-10-29 2015-05-07 Socowave Technologies Limited Active antenna system and methods of testing
WO2022260949A1 (en) * 2021-06-08 2022-12-15 Commscope Technologies Llc Systems and methods for generating calibration data in active antenna modules having antenna-side filter arrays therein

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CN105634628B (zh) * 2011-06-24 2018-05-11 华为技术有限公司 Trx校准设备和trx引起的信号特征差异情况确定方法
WO2012174744A1 (zh) * 2011-06-24 2012-12-27 华为技术有限公司 收发信机校准设备和收发信机引起的信号特征差异情况确定方法
CN102571175B (zh) * 2011-12-22 2014-07-30 华为技术有限公司 一种有源天线及有源天线的信号处理方法
CN102684800B (zh) * 2012-03-16 2016-12-14 南京中兴软件有限责任公司 有源天线系统下行、上行无线指标的测试方法及装置
CN202713297U (zh) * 2012-07-10 2013-01-30 华为技术有限公司 远端机和直放站系统
CN103594823A (zh) * 2012-08-17 2014-02-19 华为技术有限公司 模块化的天线系统
CN105432138B (zh) * 2013-11-08 2020-06-02 华为技术有限公司 单板、无线通信系统及单板内外的通道校正方法
EP3152842B8 (de) 2014-06-04 2020-04-08 Xilinx, Inc. Modulares antennensystem
WO2015184632A1 (zh) * 2014-06-06 2015-12-10 华为技术有限公司 多个有源天线的通道联合校正方法及装置
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EP2270923A4 (de) 2012-08-01
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ES2415131T3 (es) 2013-07-24
WO2010121425A1 (zh) 2010-10-28
CN102326293A (zh) 2012-01-18

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