EP2265933A1 - Procédé et dispositif de mesure quantitative à haute cadence de cibles biomoléculaires présentes sur ou dans un support d'analyse biologique - Google Patents
Procédé et dispositif de mesure quantitative à haute cadence de cibles biomoléculaires présentes sur ou dans un support d'analyse biologiqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP2265933A1 EP2265933A1 EP09727782A EP09727782A EP2265933A1 EP 2265933 A1 EP2265933 A1 EP 2265933A1 EP 09727782 A EP09727782 A EP 09727782A EP 09727782 A EP09727782 A EP 09727782A EP 2265933 A1 EP2265933 A1 EP 2265933A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- plasma
- support
- targets
- beams
- quantified
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/71—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited
- G01N21/718—Laser microanalysis, i.e. with formation of sample plasma
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/645—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
- G01N21/6452—Individual samples arranged in a regular 2D-array, e.g. multiwell plates
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of high-speed quantitative measurement of biomolecular targets on the surface or in the thickness of a biological analysis plane support, and a device for implementing this method.
- the invention is particularly applicable to the quantitative measurement of nucleic acids or unlabeled proteins segregated on the surface or in the thickness of a preferably planar biological analysis support, such as a biochip, for example with a matrix probes, a transfer membrane, an electrophoresis or chromatography gel or a support of glass or polyimide (eg Kapton®), without limitation.
- Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (“Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy” or “LIBS”) is a very powerful method for determining the elemental composition of the surface of a material.
- This composition is obtained by measuring the emission lines originating from the atoms or ions constituting a transient plasma induced on the surface of the material by a laser beam, and the elemental analysis of this surface can be obtained by sweeping it by a laser source performing successive shots in a regular grid, so as to map the surface of this material. With each laser firing, the emission spectrum of the desired chemical elements is recorded, as well as the focus coordinates of the beam on the surface of the material. It is then possible to reconstruct a point-to-point image of the surface of the material at a selected wavelength corresponding to a specific chemical element. If a calibration method is applied, the intensity variations of the image obtained by mapping indicate the abundance of this element on the surface of the material.
- a major disadvantage of this technique is that the very high number of laser shots necessary to perform a mapping to high resolution of the surface (resolution between 300 nm and 1 ⁇ m), involves analysis times of several hours or even several days, as soon as the analyzed surface exceeds a few square millimeters. This slow acquisition of the image makes LIBS inapplicable as a method of analysis for a large number of applications in biology, and more particularly for genomics and proteomics.
- Biochips In the field of genomics, biochips represent a major revolution in molecular biology techniques over the past decade. By allowing the simultaneous study of the level of expression of several hundred or even thousands of genes, they make it possible to understand the impact of a disease or a stress (eg resulting from a radiation, a pollution or taking a drug) at the level of the complete genome of an individual. These techniques become more and more used in modern biology. Biochips fall into two broad families, including microfluidic chips and probe matrix chips. The latter are organized into "spot” matrices or measurement points, and are generally obtained by depositing or synthesizing, at precise coordinates on a passive support, molecular probes formed of biopolymers such as DNA, proteins or proteins. antibodies, for example. These probe matrix biochips enable the identification of the targets present in a biological sample when these targets hybridize specifically at each "spot" of probes.
- probe array biochips has a number of major limitations, including: - the high steric hindrance of fluorescent markers, which sporadically alters recognition between probes and probes; targets and thus leads to numerous measurement artifacts that reduce the reproducibility of the experiments;
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ie a polymerase chain reaction after reverse transcription of a ribonucleic acid into complementary DNA
- improvement of detection which is penalized by the absence of quantitative measurement for a real comparison between the targets, by the limitation of the number of targets to be analyzed (well below a low complexity biochip) and by a high cost of implementation;
- non-marking biochips which are based on the detection of the target by impedance measurement or by surface plasmon resonance (SPR or Surface Plasmon Resonance), and which have been described in particular in David F et al., Bioscience Bioelectron. 2005, in Li CM et al., Front Biosci. 2005 or Macanovic A. et al., Nucleic Acid Research 2004, but which do not allow a quantification of the number of targets, are problematic to achieve high density chips and involve, for both the impedance measurement technique and the SPR technique, measurement artifacts due to the variable size and conformation of the targets.
- SPR surface plasmon resonance
- Coupled Plasma i.e. induced plasma coupled mass spectrometry
- PNA Protein Nucleic Acid
- US-A-2006/0105354 discloses a method of real-time quantification of a multitude of labeled nucleic acid targets which have bound to the surface of a probe matrix type biochip, including in particular the emission of an excitation laser beam on the surface of the matrix and the measurement of the light emission of the hybridized targets in response to this excitation beam.
- Two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis techniques are the most commonly used parallel analysis techniques for the analysis of protein mixtures. These techniques consist of migrating a mixture of proteins in a gel, successively following two orthogonal directions, according to different physicochemical criteria (e.g., chromatography or electrophoresis).
- the proteins are then separated according to their affinity to a solvent, their electrical charge, their mass, their shape, their modification, etc., and after having been pigmented by a fluorescent pigment or not, the proteins are identified according to their position or stain on the 2D gels compared to the migrations obtained in a reference gel.
- the highlighting of the post-translational modifications is for the moment very heavy to realize.
- the "LIBS” technique represents an alternative for the analysis without prior labeling of segregated biomolecules on all types of supports (eg membrane, gel, plastic support for example in Kapton®, silicon support), these supports being the main types used. in biological analyzes.
- the method of analysis of a biological product by "LIBS” consists in assaying a constituent chemical element of the target biomolecule previously isolated, segregated or purified on a chromatography, electrophoresis, membrane or biochip support.
- the main technological lock of a "LIBS" analysis is the slowness of the process, which greatly limits the use of this technique in biology.
- the analysis supports in biology often make several square centimeters of surface. Imaging, at a resolution of 10 microns, for example, of a 1 cm 2 analysis support thus requires 1,000,000 contiguous laser shots to be fired, one shot per position. Of course, this number is to be multiplied by the number of shots to be made per position, if the molecule to be analyzed is in the thickness of the support, such as it produces for the electrophoresis gels for example.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for high-speed quantitative measurement of biomolecular targets, in particular proteins, present on or in a biological analysis support, which overcomes all of the aforementioned drawbacks.
- the measuring method comprises the following steps: a) the measurement points of the support are scanned by moving, focusing and superimposing on each measurement point of this support at least two laser beams by crossings simultaneous of these beams, to extract a hot and confined plasma comprising at least one chemical element to be quantified present in said targets and at least one other chemical element exogenous to these targets and present in known quantity on or in this support, b) detects and analyzes, for each of these measurement points, emission light lines of each plasma that correspond to the or each element to be quantified and to the or each exogenous element, by measuring the respective intensities of these lines, then c) the calibration of the lines of the or each element to be quantified establishing a correlation between the intensities of the lines specific to this element to be quantified and the concentrations of the latter in mixtures in known proportions of the or each element to be quantified and the or each exogenous element, the concentration in each measurement point of the or each element to be quantified or of a group incorporating it within these targets
- the method according to the invention thus makes it possible to "scan" (ie analyze in one sweep) quickly and efficiently all the measuring points of the biochip, while being independent of a variation of the power setting of the lasers and of the sensitivity of the detection of an acquisition to the other, thanks to the presence of an internal reference corresponding to the exogenous element, and to deduce from the above-mentioned step c) the number of atoms of the desired element in each measuring point, to deduce the number of targets at the observed coordinate, all in less than
- read time number of reads / acquisition time
- said biomolecular targets are immobilized before step a) at the surface or in the thickness of the biological analysis support, which is preferably substantially plane and is chosen from the group consisting of biochips, transfer membranes, substrates made of silicon, polyimide (eg Kapton®) and glass, and electrophoresis and chromatography gels.
- this support is formed of a biochip comprising on its surface a matrix of native probes, hybridized or complexed by said targets, this matrix comprising a multitude of said measuring points each comprising a plurality of probes, and the or each chemical element to be quantified being present in these targets and, optionally, further in these probes.
- exogenous element when the element to be quantified is both in the probe and in the target, said exogenous element makes it possible to deduce the amount of signal that comes from the probe and the amount of signal that comes from the target.
- This exogenous element provides an internal calibration that allows the signal to be readjusted to the calibration curves, whatever the signal attenuation due to the setting of the device.
- this measurement method further comprises a subsequent step of obtaining one or more images representative of the concentration of the or each element to be quantified or of the or each exogenous element, the intensity each pixel or each of the three colors R, G, B of the latter within the image being representative of the intensity of the line of the corresponding element observed.
- the image thus obtained makes it possible to map the abundance of the or each element to be quantified or exogenous on or in the analysis support.
- the mapping of the thickness of the analysis support is obtained by successive shots in one and the same position, the signals obtained being either accumulated or analyzed separately to carry out a z-mapping of the support, either averaged or sliced.
- the number of successive shots depends in particular on the desired depth of analysis and the physicochemical properties of the support material.
- the immobilization prior to step a) of the target molecule is obtained, either directly by an interaction with the material constituting the support or a retention in the molecular mesh of the support. or indirectly by an interaction with a ligand (probe) attached to or in the support.
- probe / target interactions one can for example quote:
- a target hybridization between a target and a probe of nucleic acid or similar type (eg PNA, LNA), protein / protein interactions between a target and a protein probe such as ligand / receptor, antibody / fixed antigen,
- a probe of nucleic acid or similar type eg PNA, LNA
- protein / protein interactions between a target and a protein probe such as ligand / receptor, antibody / fixed antigen
- nucleic acid / metal ion or any other free molecule
- each laser beam used in step a) is emitted in the infrared-visible-ultraviolet range according to a pulse of duration between 1 fs and 100 ns, with a frequency of between 600 Hz and 1 GHz and energy included. between 0.05 mW and 1 kW.
- each laser beam is emitted in the ultraviolet at a wavelength of 266 nm or 193 nm, using, for example, the harmonics of an Nd: YAG laser (yttrium garnet laser). neodymium doped aluminum), and according to a pulse of less than 10 ns duration preferably equal to 5 ns.
- Nd: YAG laser yttrium garnet laser
- neodymium doped aluminum neodymium doped aluminum
- the laser beams used in step a) can be emitted at different wavelengths, for example in the ultraviolet at a wavelength of 266 nm and in the visible at 532 nm, again according to a pulse of less than 10 ns duration and preferably equal to 5 ns.
- said beams may advantageously be shaped in step a) in a scanning head, in such a way that:
- these beams are reflected tangentially on a pyramid of reference to at least one reflection stage to give collinear beams at the output of this pyramid; these collinear beams pass through an afocal optical system, such as a beam-reducing telescope, which reduces respective diameters of these beams, and the distances separating them mutually, then that
- said collinear reduced beams can be focused and crossed on each measuring point of said support by two rotating optical mirrors disks respectively in horizontal and vertical directions and preferably by a deflection periscope coupled to these disks.
- the superposition by crossing of the laser beams generates in step a) a power density at each measurement point advantageously greater than 0.5 GW.cm -2 , for obtaining by vaporization of a hot plasma which has a lifetime of about 2 ⁇ s
- a single crossing of two laser beams can be used to ablate each measuring point, with a surface area of between 1 ⁇ m 2 and 10 000 ⁇ m 2.
- the scanning of the whole measuring points, according to a fixed pitch, can thus be achieved by preferably ellipsoidal mirrors which move, focus and cross the beams on the surface to be analyzed.
- each confined plasma is associated with at least one activation agent formed of a plasmogenic gas, such as argon, helium, nitrogen or a mixture of these gases.
- a plasmogenic gas such as argon, helium, nitrogen or a mixture of these gases.
- the extracted plasmas are respectively confined optically in integration chambers of the light emitted by the corresponding plasma, each of which has a reflecting side wall and which are each provided with at least one optical fiber for acquiring the light accumulated in this chamber, so that each plasma does not interfere with the other measurement points to be analyzed.
- step a) the biological analysis support is subjected to a relative movement with respect to optical confinement chambers at the same time that said laser beams are crossed, and these chambers are preferably then guided above said support which remains fixed.
- mutual overlapping of the respective optical apertures of the acquisition optical fibers can be used by staggering them above said support, to cover the entire surface to be analyzed of the latter without relative displacement of these chambers relative to said support.
- said optical confinement chambers of the extracted plasmas are themselves housed in a closed enclosure which contains the support, which is filled with the plasmogenic gas and whose at least the upper face is transparent to the plasma. or each excitation wavelength of the laser beams and at the wavelengths of acquisition of the light generated by this plasma. According to this second mode, it will be noted that it is possible to move said laser beams simultaneously in relative movement with respect to said support.
- the technique of laser-induced optical emission spectroscopy (abbreviated "Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy”) for the implementation of steps a) to c is advantageously used.
- Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy abbreviated "Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy”
- LIF laser-induced fluorescence
- the plasmas can be generated by X-ray radiation of parallel rays, the source of which is preferably a femtosecond or even nanosecond X-ray laser clocked between 5 Hz and several kHz.
- the convergence of X-rays is obtained using mirrors (parabolic, ellipsoidal, concave) capable of reflecting X-rays, such as mirrors consisting of a silicon wafer covered by alternating layers of chromium and scandium.
- the incidence of the radiation is preferably grazing on the surface of the mirror (ie a radiation almost parallel to its surface), in order to allow an important reflection.
- the device equipped with such an X-ray source allows an analysis of the X-ray fluorescence of the segregated samples on the surface or in the thickness of the biological analysis support. Indeed, by these X-rays, the material - and especially the phosphorus - contained in the samples re-emits energy in the form, among others, of X-rays and other types of electromagnetic radiation; it is X-ray fluorescence or X-ray secondary emission.
- the analysis and the mapping of this X-ray fluorescence or of these other radiations make it possible to carry out a rapid and semi-quantitative mapping of the sample on the surface of the support.
- This rapid analysis may allow for example to define the areas to be analyzed more finely by the technique "LIBS".
- the acquisition of the X-ray fluorescence can be carried out by using X-ray-doped doped polymer optical fibers in the device.
- the doping agents used can be x-ray luminescent compounds, and their introduction into the optical fiber transforms the X-ray radiation. in a radiation conductible by the fiber.
- This same principle can be used for the selective acquisition of the emission lines of the targeted elements in the plasma, by introducing into the optical fibers of acquisition a chemiluminescent, fluorescent doping element, etc., which is excitable only at the length of waves of the targeted line and which re-emits at a wavelength on the one hand absent from the spectrum of the plasma and on the other hand well conducted by the fiber considered.
- said biomolecular targets are chosen from the group consisting of unlabeled nucleic acids, proteins, peptides, polypeptides, polynucleotides such as DNA and sugars. It should be noted that it is generally possible to use as a target any other biological compound that can be characterized by such an element intrinsic to its structure or strongly binding thereto.
- these probes are chosen from the group consisting of nucleic acids, nucleic acid peptides (“PNA”), acids locked nucleotides (“LNAs”), ribonucleic ethers ("RNAs”), antibodies, hemi-antibodies, hemi-antibodies coupled with nucleic acids and protein receptors. It should be noted that any other biological compound that can specifically bind to a target and can be immobilized on an analysis support can generally be used as a probe.
- said or each exogenous element (i.e. does not exist in the target structure) is deposited in known quantity on the analysis support, either homogeneously or specifically with the probes.
- these exogenous elements are either included in compounds that will be grafted onto the support together with the probes in known proportions, or directly implanted in the structure of the probe by atomic substitution or strong interaction.
- the exogenous elements may be included in a molecular matrix facilitating the formation of the plasma (ie substance with high optical absorbance for the excitation wavelength and low ablation energy), this matrix being homogeneously deposited on the surface of the biological analysis support.
- PNA PNA probes
- concentrations of the targets are very low.
- PNA do not contain phosphorus, and more generally no atom having an emission line of 253 nm, 194 nm or 203 nm allows to increase the detection sensitivity by completely eliminating the signal of the probe.
- said or each chemical element to be quantified may be chosen from the group consisting of phosphorus, sulfur, iodine, nitrogen, oxygen and carbon.
- nucleic acids or phosphorylated proteins are used as targets, and the phosphorus present in these targets is used as an element to be quantified for detection in the plasma, in step b).
- Atomic and ionic emission lines of phosphorus are detected in step b) at a value wavelength which is selected from the group consisting of 138 ⁇ 3 nm, 148 ⁇ 3 nm, 154 ⁇ 3 nm, 167 ⁇ 3 nm, 177 ⁇ 3 nm, 190 ⁇ 3 nm, 193 ⁇ 3 nm, 203 ⁇ 3 nm, 213 ⁇ 3 nm and 253 ⁇ 3 nm, and which is preferably 203 ⁇ 3 nm.
- nucleic acids or proteins are used as targets and probes, and sulfur and iodine are used respectively in said targets and probes as an element to be quantified for detection in the plasma, in step b), of atomic and ionic emission lines of sulfur and iodine.
- the sulfur emission lines are detected in step b) at a value wavelength which is selected from the group consisting of 167 ⁇ 3 nm, 181 ⁇ 3 nm, 190 ⁇ 3 nm, 199 ⁇ 3 nm, 415 ⁇ 3 nm, 458 ⁇ 3 nm, 922 ⁇ 3 nm, 942 ⁇ 3 nm, 968 ⁇ 3 nm and which is preferably 415 ⁇ 3 nm, and the emission lines of iodine at a wavelength of value which is selected from the group consisting of 150 ⁇ 3 nm, 161 ⁇ 3 nm, 170 ⁇ 3 nm, 178 ⁇ 3 nm, 183 ⁇ 3 nm, 511 ⁇ 3 nm, 661 ⁇ 3 nm, 740 ⁇ 3 nm, 746 ⁇ 3 nm, 804 ⁇ 3 nm, 839 ⁇ 3 nm, 902 ⁇ 3 n
- chlorine or bromine is advantageously used as an exogenous element for said targets and said probes, for the detection in the plasma at step b) of atomic and ionic emission lines of the sulfur and iodine, respectively, to remove the indeterminacy of the signals generated by these probes as well as by these targets.
- the emission lines of bromine at a wavelength of value selected from the group consisting of 154 ⁇ 3 nm, 158 ⁇ 3 nm, 163 ⁇ 3 nm, 614 ⁇ 3 nm, 635 ⁇ 3 nm, 655 ⁇ 3 nm, 663 ⁇ 3 nm, 751 ⁇ 3 nm, 780 ⁇ 3 nm, 793 ⁇ 3 nm, 798 ⁇ 3 nm, 813 ⁇ 3 nm, 827 ⁇ 3 nm, 844 ⁇ 3 nm, 889 ⁇ 3 nm, 916 ⁇ 3 nm nm and 926 ⁇ 3 nm.
- DNA is used for said targets and in that the element to be quantified is a cation bound to these targets and selected from the group consisting of sodium, magnesium and potassium for detection.
- the plasma in step b), atomic and ionic emission lines of phosphorus. In this case, it is detected in step b):
- the emission lines of sodium at a wavelength of value selected from the group consisting of 268 ⁇ 3 nm, 285 ⁇ 3 nm, 291 ⁇ 3 nm, 292 ⁇ 3 nm, 298 ⁇ 3 nm, 314 ⁇ 3 nm; nm, 321 ⁇ 3 nm, 325 ⁇ 3 nm, 330 ⁇ 3 nm, 353 ⁇ 3 nm, 363 ⁇ 3 nm, 449 ⁇ 3 nm, 466 ⁇ 3 nm, 497 ⁇ 3 nm, 569 ⁇ 3 nm, 589 ⁇ 3 nm nm, 616 ⁇ 3 nm and 819 ⁇ 3 nm; or
- the emission lines of magnesium at a wavelength of value selected from the group consisting of 285 ⁇ 3 nm, 880 ⁇ 3 nm, 309 ⁇ 3 nm, 333 ⁇ 3 nm, 383 ⁇ 3 nm, 457 ⁇ 3 nm; nm, 473 ⁇ 3 nm, 518 ⁇ 3 nm, 552 ⁇ 3 nm, 571 ⁇ 3 nm, 925 ⁇ 3 nm, 964 ⁇ 3 nm and 941 ⁇ 3 nm; or
- the emission lines of potassium at a wavelength of value selected from the group consisting of 404 ⁇ 3 nm, 535 ⁇ 3 nm, 580 ⁇ 3 nm, 693 ⁇ 3 nm, 766 ⁇ 3 nm, 769 ⁇ 3 nm, 825 ⁇ 3 nm, 850 ⁇ 3 nm, 890 ⁇ 3 nm and 959 ⁇ 3 nm.
- the nitrogen and / or the carbon and / or the oxygen present in said targets and said probes are advantageously used as element (s) to be quantified for detection.
- step b) atomic emission lines of nitrogen and / or carbon and / or oxygen to evaluate the quantity of targets and probes on said support, which contains neither carbon, neither nitrogen nor oxygen. In this case, it is detected in step b):
- the lines of emission of nitrogen at a wavelength of value which is selected from the group consisting of 174 ⁇ 3 nm, 575 ⁇ 3 nm, 744 ⁇ 3 nm, 821 ⁇ 3 nm, 859 ⁇ 3 nm , 865 ⁇ 3 nm, 871 ⁇ 3 nm, 938 ⁇ 3 nm and 870 ⁇ 3 nm, and which is preferably 575 ⁇ 3 nm;
- the carbon emission lines at a wavelength of value which is selected from the group consisting of 156 ⁇ 3 nm, 165 ⁇ 3 nm, 175 ⁇ 3 nm, 193 ⁇ 3 nm, 247 ⁇ 3 nm, 538 ⁇ 3 nm, 600 ⁇ 3 nm, 711 ⁇ 3 nm, 833 ⁇ 3 nm, 908 ⁇ 3 nm, 911 ⁇ 3 nm, 965 ⁇ 3 nm and 940 ⁇ 3 nm, and which is preferably 600 ⁇ 3 nm; and or
- the oxygen emission lines at a value wavelength which is selected from the group consisting of 615 ⁇ 3 nm, 645 ⁇ 3 nm, 700 ⁇ 3 nm, 725 ⁇ 3 nm, 777 ⁇ 3 nm , 822 ⁇ 3 nm, 844 ⁇ 3 nm and 926 ⁇ 3 nm, and which is preferably 615 ⁇ 3 nm.
- this method (i) of double laser pulse it can be implemented with two other crossed beams for the second pulse (power, frequency, wavelength), of the same nature as those of the first pulses. Indeed, given the lifetime of about 2 ⁇ s of the plasma, the latter is optically analyzable from about 100 ns after its formation (end of black body type radiation and emergence of the desired atomic and ionic lines).
- This second laser pulse shortly before its extinction, makes it possible to extend the life of the plasma and to amplify the emission emitted. It is advantageous to choose a wavelength characteristic of the atom for which the target atom (s) have a strong absorption or emission. It is thus possible to increase the light emission of the ions and / or the targeted atoms (in this case phosphorus), by exalting their own fluorescence by this second laser pulse.
- ablation of material on the surface of the biological analysis support and the formation of the plasma can be decoupled.
- a first UV laser pulse ablates part of the surface of the biochip and expels it above it, then a second pulse advantageously using a femtosecond laser at a frequency of 600 Hz to 1 GHz creates the plasma and generates the characteristic emission of its constituents.
- a third pulse can then be used to exalt the fluorescence of the targeted compounds.
- the method according to the invention thus makes it possible to detect biomolecular targets efficiently, quickly and without marking, in particular from the fluorescence of the constituent atoms of the nucleic acid molecules after the emission of a plasma.
- the aforementioned calibration of the targets is necessarily carried out via standardization of their respective sizes.
- a device according to the invention for implementing the aforementioned quantitative measurement method comprises:
- a support of biological analysis preferably substantially planar, such as a biochip for example with matrix of probes, a transfer membrane or an electrophoresis gel or of chromatography,
- a plasma generation unit which comprises means for focusing and superimposing on each measurement point at least two laser beams by simultaneously crossing these beams on this support in order to extract a hot plasma containing at least one chemical element to be quantified, such as that the phosphorus, which is present in the targets, these means for focusing and superimposing the beams comprising a scanning head adapted to shape collinearly and a mirror system arranged at the output of this head which cooperates with optical discs rotary mirrors for deflecting the beams towards the support so as to scan the measuring points of the latter,
- a spectrography unit which is connected to these confinement means by acquisition optical fibers opening into said confinement means, and which is adapted to detect and analyze the emission light lines of the extracted plasma for each measurement point, such that the concentration in each measuring point of said one or more element (s) to be quantified from one of the intensities of these lines and from calibration curves is determined.
- said means for focusing and superimposing the beams can essentially comprise:
- said scanning head which comprises:
- an inverted return pyramid comprising at least one stage designed to reflect tangentially incident beams emitted by several laser sources so as to make them collinear at the output of this pyramid, and
- an afocal optical system arranged below the top of this pyramid, preferably a beam-reducing telescope, designed to receive these collinear beams by reducing their diameters and the distances separating them mutually, and
- said system of planar, parabolic or ellipsoidal mirrors which cooperates with said rotating mirror optical disks in horizontal and vertical directions and, preferably, which furthermore cooperates with a deflection periscope coupled to these disks so that the collinear beams reduced by this afocal system are focused and crossed on each measuring point.
- said confinement means are able to optically confine each extracted plasma and comprise a plurality of open chambers which are each delimited by a lateral wall arranged perpendicularly to said support, the internal face of this wall being able to reflect the light accumulated in this chamber and in particular the wavelengths of the lines of said chemical elements to be quantified, and at least one of said acquisition optical fibers passing through this wall.
- said means of optical confinement of each plasma can comprising a plurality of adjacent rings for integrating the light emitted by said plasma, said lateral wall being of substantially circular cross-section, the free end of several of said acquisition fibers opening inside the chamber formed by each ring through openings in said wall.
- said means of optical confinement of each plasma can comprise a plurality of integration chambers of the light emitted by this plasma, said lateral wall of each chamber being of substantially shaped section. equilateral triangle and these chambers being two by two contiguous by one of their sides each being provided with said acquisition fibers in each of their three vertices.
- means for relative displacement of the chambers with respect to the support such as sliding rails of said chambers equipped with electromagnets, are advantageously provided to cover the entire surface to be analyzed of the support.
- said means of optical confinement of each plasma can comprise a plurality of integration chambers of the light emitted by this plasma which are equipped with at least two sets of fibers. acquisition arranged staggered, the respective optical apertures are able to cover by mutual overlap the entire surface to be analyzed said carrier.
- the device according to the invention then does not use relative displacement of the optical confinement chambers with respect to the analysis support.
- said optical confinement chambers of the extracted plasmas are themselves housed in a closed enclosure which contains the support and which is filled with a plasmogenic gas such as argon, helium, nitrogen or a mixture of these gases, at least the upper face of this chamber being transparent to the or each excitation wavelength of the laser beams and to the acquisition wavelengths of the light generated by this plasma, this chamber being equipped with a plasma gas filling valve and an air purge valve.
- a plasmogenic gas such as argon, helium, nitrogen or a mixture of these gases
- the biological analysis support used in connection with the device according to the invention is preferably formed of a biochip comprising on its surface a matrix of native probes, hybridized or complexed by said targets, this matrix comprising a multitude said measuring points each comprising a plurality of said probes and said or each chemical element to be quantified being present in these targets and, optionally, further in these probes.
- said spectrography unit comprises at least one photomultiplier type spectrograph, and an optical filter that is only transparent at the desired wavelength can be arranged between each optical acquisition fiber and said spectrograph.
- the spectrography unit comprises at least one photomultiplier type detector.
- a photomultiplier type detector for the detection of plasma emission lines, a camera type "CCD” or “CCD” intensified ("Charge Coupled Device", ie device coupled with charge) or a "galette” of micro-channels.
- an optical filter which is only transparent at the desired wavelength can be arranged between each optical acquisition fiber and the spectrograph.
- each of the optical acquisition fibers from the optical confinement means ie each "mother” fiber
- each "mother” fiber is divided into as many fibers as there are wavelengths of elements to be observed.
- Each "mother” fiber is disposed in a beam opposite a detector which may be a photosensitive cell such as a photomultiplier ("PM" abbreviated), a "Channel Tron", a "slab” of micro-channels, etc.
- An optical filter selecting only the desired wavelength can be interposed between each optical fiber acquisition and the detector, to inject the light into the latter.
- a suitable lens can be glued at the output of each optical fiber.
- these filters can advantageously be replaced by diffraction gratings.
- Figure 1 is a schematic side view of a plasma generating unit which is included in a quantitative measuring device according to the invention and which is illustrated in connection with a biological analysis medium incorporating the 2 is a schematic view, partly in section and in perspective, of an optical return pyramid included in a laser scanning head of the plasma generating unit of FIG. 1,
- FIG. is a schematic perspective view of a simplified variant of the deflection pyramid according to FIG. 2
- FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic part view 1 of the analysis support of FIG.
- FIG. 1 which is surmounted by means of optical confinement of the plasmas respectively generated at various measurement points, according to an example of a first embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic view in vertical section according to a variant of FIG. 5 of one of these means of optical confinement arranged above the analysis support
- FIG. 7 is a schematic view in vertical section according to another variant of FIG. 5 of such optical confinement means
- FIG. 8 is a schematic view in vertical section.
- FIG. 9 is a partial schematic view from above of the analysis support of FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a partial schematic view from above. of the analysis support of FIG. 1 surmounted by means of optical confinement of the plasmas according to another example of this first embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 11 is a partial schematic view from above of the analysis support of FIG. 1 surmounted optical confinement means according to the example of Figure 9, further illustrating control members of the displacement of these confinement means relative to this support in a given position
- Figure 12 is a view similar to Figure 11 showing these control members of the displacement of the confinement means in another operating position
- FIG. 13 is a schematic side view of the analysis support of FIG. 1 which is housed in a Plasma confinement means according to a second embodiment of the invention, which enclosure is illustrated with a portion of the adjacent plasma generating unit.
- the quantitative measuring device 1 according to the invention of biomolecular targets comprises:
- a plasma generation unit 3 which comprises means 4 for focusing and superimposing on each measurement point at least two laser beams by simultaneously crossing these beams on this support 2 to extract a hot plasma P (visible in Figures 5 and 13) containing at least one chemical element to quantify present in these targets, means of confinement 5 of each plasma P extracted by this unit 3, arranged above the support 2 (see FIG. 4 and following), and
- the focusing means 4 of the laser beams F on each measurement point essentially comprise, with reference to FIG. 1:
- a scanning head 7 which is able to shape these bundles F collinearly and which comprises:
- an inverted return pyramid 8 comprising at least one stage 8a designed to tangentially reflect incident F beams emitted by several laser sources 9 so as to make them collinear at the output of this pyramid 8 via high quality aluminum mirrors 8b, and
- an afocal optical system 10 arranged below the top of this pyramid 8, preferably a beam-reducing telescope, which is designed to receive these collinear beams F 'by reducing their respective diameters and the distances separating them mutually, and
- a system of planar, parabolic or ellipsoidal mirrors 11 which is arranged at the output of the scanning head 7 and which cooperates with rotating optical discs 12 and 13 with mirrors 12a and 13a which deviate them in horizontal and vertical directions, and preferably which furthermore cooperates with a deflection periscope 14 coupled to these disks 12 and 13 so that the Collinear bundles F 'reduced by this afocal system 10 are focused and crossed on each measurement point.
- This scanning head 7 is used as follows.
- the different laser beams F (two in number in the example of FIG. 1) are reflected tangentially on the high-quality mirrors 8b of the return pyramid 8 which ensure their collinearity, for any angle of the direction of incidence. of these bundles F
- this angle is equal to 90 °.
- the reference pyramid 8, 8 ' may have a single stage 8a (FIG. 3) using, for example, four distinct laser sources 9, or several stages 8a that can typically be up to five (FIG. 2) using in this case for example a maximum of one hundred laser sources 9 in parallel.
- the increase in the number of sources 9 makes it possible in particular to increase the resolution of the scan, with a greater spatial coverage of the beams on the scanning zone.
- bundles F 'with a diameter of 2 mm and spaced 2.5 mm at the exit of the pyramid 8 are reduced, at the output of the telescope 10, to a diameter of 500 microns and a spacing of 500 microns.
- the measuring device 1 furthermore comprises a system of electronic control (not shown) for precisely controlling and controlling the rotational speeds of these optical discs 12 and 13.
- each mirror 12a, 13a is indeed positioned uniquely on the rotating discs 12 and 13 in terms of angle of inclination, so as to converge the different beams F "on a well localized area of support 2.
- the distance between the two rotating discs 12 and 13 is preferably reduced by adding the deflection periscope 14 which adds two additional reflections on the path of the beams.
- the focusing of the different beams F "on the support 2 can be ensured by the afocal system 10, by playing in particular on the spacing of the optics, by parabolic mirrors which are positioned on the vertical rotating optical disk 13 located at the exit of the head 7, by an auxiliary system composed of lenses and / or focusing mirrors at the exit of the scanning head 7, playing on the inclination of the mirrors of the pyramid to make the beams F 'intended to cross slightly collinear.
- only the beams of each group to be crossed on the medium 2 will be collinear, so that only the collinear beams of each group converge in one. same point of support 2.
- each laser beam F " is focused on the surface to be analyzed of the support 2 by the mirrors of the head
- each beam has a density of power or irradiance at the surface of each measuring point which is greater than 0.5 GW.cm '2 which is sufficient for obtaining by vaporisation a hot plasma P with a lifetime of approximately 2 ⁇ s, so general to a power threshold per unit area greater than the ablation threshold of the support material.
- FIGS. 4 to 12 illustrate examples of structures that can be used for the optical confinement means 5, 5 ', 5 "of each generated plasma P, so that it does not interfere with the other measurement points to be analyzed, before simultaneous detection emission lines of the plasma P corresponding to each beam crossing
- the optical analysis of the plasma P generated point by point on the surface of the biological analysis support 2 makes it possible to reconstitute an image at each measurement point the quantity of atoms of the element analyzed, allowing to deduce the number of targets according to the abundance of the element in the raw formula of the target.
- the emission lines of the plasma P generated at each measurement point may, for example, be picked up by a plurality of optical acquisition fibers 6 (at least three optical fibers 6), the respective free ends of which are arranged. regularly on a circular ring 5 of 1 to 20 cm in diameter and reduced in height which is designed to optically isolate the plasma P.
- the inner face of the side wall 5a, 5b, 5c of this ring 5 is a concave mirror (see FIGS. 5 and 6), multi-faceted (see FIG. 7), plane (FIG. 8), ellipsoidal or even parabolic, provided that it is capable of reflecting the wavelengths of the lines of the elements of interest by forming thus a ring of integration of the emitted light.
- the curvatures or inclinations of the mirrors are preferably designed to converge the light on the opposite inner face of the ring 5.
- each acquisition fiber 6 may be capped with a set of suitable lenses, such as a fiber collimator, to correctly inject the radiation emitted by the plasma P into the spectrography unit, the fields respectively seen by the fibers 6 and capped with corrective lenses, or optical apertures, overlapping each other to form a surface comparable to a circle (or to a polygon inscribed in a circle), ie an optical circle 16.
- suitable lenses such as a fiber collimator
- each plasma P is generated in this optical circle 16, which is such that the cumulative optical path of the light of the plasma P to the fibers 6 is constant regardless of the position of the plasma P in this circle 16.
- the chambers 5 'of optical confinement of the sma P each have an equilateral triangle shape and each have the same type of internal side wall face 5a 'as the aforementioned rings 5.
- At the three vertices of each triangle 5 'three optical acquisition fibers 6' are respectively arranged, each with an optical opening greater than or equal to 60 °, so as to capture the direct light of the corresponding plasma P and that which is reflected on the walls of the triangle 5 '.
- This method makes it possible to scan the entire surface to be analyzed by the crossed laser beams with, for example, a pitch of 10 ⁇ m which corresponds to the zone ablated at each laser pulse, the optical confinement chambers 5, 5 'allowing the acquisition simultaneous multiple plasmas P.
- these optical confinement chambers 5 ' can slide along guides or rails 17 via support members 17a of the latter arranged on each side of the analysis support 2, under the control of two electromagnets 18 which are arranged outside and on either side of the support 2 and which alternately attract these chambers 5, 5 ', respectively in association with two metal stops 17b for these electromagnets 18.
- the surface of the support 2 is analyzed without relative displacement of the optical confinement chambers 5 "with respect to the support 2, staggering the acquisition optical fibers 6" laterally on the one hand. and second of the support 2.
- the set of respective optical openings of the acquisition fibers 6 "encompasses the entire surface of the support 2.
- a slight cover 19 of the optical openings of the optical fibers 6" laterally on either side of the support 2 thus allows the analysis of the surfaces located above the limits of these optical openings.
- the support 2 to be analyzed as well as the above-mentioned means 5, 5 'of optical confinement (in this example constituted by the rings 5) are all arranged in a closed enclosure 20 , at least the upper face 21 of which is provided transparent to the excitation wavelengths of the laser beams and to the acquisition wavelengths of the light generated by this plasma P.
- the chamber is filled with a plasmogenic gas (e.g. argon / nitrogen, helium) through a filling valve 23, these valves 22 and 23 being mounted in the lower support surface 24 of the enclosure 20.
- a plasmogenic gas e.g. argon / nitrogen, helium
- an optical confinement unit is provided by generated plasma.
- the areas of the support 2 masked by this unit can be analyzed after a relative translation of these areas within the optical confinement unit, such as the above-mentioned circle 5 or optical triangle 5 '.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
- Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0801534A FR2929011B1 (fr) | 2008-03-20 | 2008-03-20 | Procede et dispositif de mesure quantitative a haute cadence de cibles biomoleculaires presentes sur ou dans un support d'analyse biologique. |
| PCT/FR2009/000300 WO2009122047A1 (fr) | 2008-03-20 | 2009-03-20 | Procede et dispositif de mesure quantitative a haute cadence de cibles biomoleculaires presentes sur ou dans un support d'analyse biologique |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2265933A1 true EP2265933A1 (fr) | 2010-12-29 |
Family
ID=40010759
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP09727782A Withdrawn EP2265933A1 (fr) | 2008-03-20 | 2009-03-20 | Procédé et dispositif de mesure quantitative à haute cadence de cibles biomoléculaires présentes sur ou dans un support d'analyse biologique |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8675192B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2265933A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2011517936A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2929011B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2009122047A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011055376A1 (fr) * | 2009-11-09 | 2011-05-12 | Tata Institute Of Fundamental Research | Source ponctuelle de rayons x laser plasma biologique |
| FR2964458B1 (fr) * | 2010-09-06 | 2012-09-07 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Dispositif de cartographie et d'analyse a haute resolution d'elements dans des solides |
| FR2995403B1 (fr) * | 2012-09-13 | 2014-09-12 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede et dispositif de mesure quantitative par libs de cibles biomoleculaires sur bio-puce |
| WO2014191999A1 (fr) * | 2013-05-30 | 2014-12-04 | Laser Distance Spectrometry | Procédé d'analyse élémentaire au moyen d'émission moléculaire par spectroscopie par claquage induit par laser dans l'air |
| EP3498211B1 (fr) | 2013-08-09 | 2024-12-25 | The General Hospital Corporation | Appareil de traitement du mélasme dermique |
| CN103954593A (zh) * | 2014-05-20 | 2014-07-30 | 清华大学 | 基于激光诱导击穿光谱技术的等离子体信号采集装置 |
| US20150346103A1 (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2015-12-03 | Bwt Property, Inc. | Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) Apparatus and Method for Performing Spectral Imaging of a Sample Surface |
| US10451556B2 (en) * | 2014-09-12 | 2019-10-22 | Purdue Research Foundation | Metal-antibody tagging and plasma-based detection |
| DE102014222997B3 (de) * | 2014-11-11 | 2016-04-14 | Laserfin Srl. | Vorrichtung zur Untersuchung einer biologischen Probe auf Kontrastmittel |
| CN107850540B (zh) * | 2015-03-26 | 2021-05-18 | 多佛光电有限责任公司 | 制备流体样品进行激光诱导击穿光谱和成像分析的方法 |
| US11892428B2 (en) | 2018-04-18 | 2024-02-06 | S.T.Japan Inc. | Laser ablation device and analysis apparatus |
| DE102018222792B4 (de) * | 2018-12-21 | 2021-12-02 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Laserinduzierte Emissionsspektrometrie zur schnellen Gefügeuntersuchung |
Family Cites Families (21)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4526690A (en) * | 1983-02-04 | 1985-07-02 | Millipore Corporation | Apparatus for nucleic acid quantification |
| JPH01321340A (ja) * | 1988-06-23 | 1989-12-27 | Osaka Oxygen Ind Ltd | レーザ二段励起発光分析法及び装置 |
| DE4341462C2 (de) * | 1993-11-30 | 1999-02-11 | Hartmut Dr Rer Nat Lucht | Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Materialzusammensetzung von Proben und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
| US5781289A (en) * | 1996-11-05 | 1998-07-14 | Sabsabi; Mohamad | Method and apparatus for rapid in situ analysis of preselected components of homogeneous solid compositions, especially pharmaceutical compositions |
| US6287776B1 (en) * | 1998-02-02 | 2001-09-11 | Signature Bioscience, Inc. | Method for detecting and classifying nucleic acid hybridization |
| JP3594794B2 (ja) * | 1998-03-24 | 2004-12-02 | 独立行政法人 科学技術振興機構 | ナノ秒時間ゲート分光診断装置 |
| WO2000020847A1 (fr) * | 1998-10-07 | 2000-04-13 | Europäische Gemeinschaft | Procede et dispositif pour la mesure avec selectivite isotopique d'elements chimiques contenus dans des substances |
| US6008897A (en) * | 1999-01-19 | 1999-12-28 | National Research Council Of Canada | Method and apparatus for materials analysis by enhanced laser induced plasma spectroscopy |
| EP1223423A3 (fr) * | 2001-01-16 | 2004-01-28 | National Research Council of Canada | Procédé et dispositif pour spectroscopie amplifiée au plasma produit par laser utilisant des impulsions laser avec des longueurs d'onde mélangées |
| US6741345B2 (en) * | 2001-02-08 | 2004-05-25 | National Research Council Of Canada | Method and apparatus for in-process liquid analysis by laser induced plasma spectroscopy |
| US20030215872A1 (en) * | 2002-05-20 | 2003-11-20 | Clark-Mxr, Inc. | Screening apparatus and method for making |
| US6847446B2 (en) * | 2003-03-25 | 2005-01-25 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Chemical analysis and detection by selective adsorbent sampling and laser induced breakdown spectroscopy |
| US7266401B2 (en) * | 2003-08-22 | 2007-09-04 | C8 Medisensors Inc. | Measuring analytes from an electromagnetic spectrum using a wavelength router |
| US20050084980A1 (en) * | 2003-10-17 | 2005-04-21 | Intel Corporation | Method and device for detecting a small number of molecules using surface-enhanced coherant anti-stokes raman spectroscopy |
| JP4768468B2 (ja) * | 2005-05-26 | 2011-09-07 | 株式会社東芝 | 元素分析方法および装置、並びに分析試料作成方法 |
| US7251022B2 (en) * | 2005-09-30 | 2007-07-31 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Dual fiber microprobe for mapping elemental distributions in biological cells |
| CA2624324A1 (fr) * | 2005-10-06 | 2007-04-19 | Lucigen Corporation | Polymerases virales thermostables, et leurs methodes d'utilisation |
| FR2906035B1 (fr) * | 2006-09-15 | 2008-11-28 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de mesure quantitative de cibles biomoleculaires deposees sur une biopuce, et dispositif pour sa mise en oeuvre. |
| US7599048B2 (en) * | 2007-02-09 | 2009-10-06 | Wafermasters, Inc. | Optical emission spectroscopy process monitoring and material characterization |
| US7652253B2 (en) * | 2007-02-23 | 2010-01-26 | Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute | Method and system for plasma-induced terahertz spectroscopy |
| US7663749B2 (en) * | 2007-10-04 | 2010-02-16 | Institut National D'optique | Method and system to measure the concentration of constituent elements in an inhomogeneous material using LIBS |
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- 2008-03-20 FR FR0801534A patent/FR2929011B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2009
- 2009-03-20 JP JP2011500260A patent/JP2011517936A/ja active Pending
- 2009-03-20 US US12/933,350 patent/US8675192B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-03-20 WO PCT/FR2009/000300 patent/WO2009122047A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2009-03-20 EP EP09727782A patent/EP2265933A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| See references of WO2009122047A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20110109904A1 (en) | 2011-05-12 |
| FR2929011B1 (fr) | 2013-01-04 |
| WO2009122047A1 (fr) | 2009-10-08 |
| FR2929011A1 (fr) | 2009-09-25 |
| JP2011517936A (ja) | 2011-06-23 |
| US8675192B2 (en) | 2014-03-18 |
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