Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
  • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
  • B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
  • B66D1/60—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans adapted for special purposes
  • B66D1/74—Capstans
  • B66D1/7415—Friction drives, e.g. pulleys, having a cable winding angle of less than 360 degrees
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
  • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
  • B66D5/00—Braking or detent devices characterised by application to lifting or hoisting gear, e.g. for controlling the lowering of loads
  • B66D5/02—Crane, lift hoist, or winch brakes operating on drums, barrels, or ropes
  • B66D5/16—Crane, lift hoist, or winch brakes operating on drums, barrels, or ropes for action on ropes or cables
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
  • F16D63/00—Brakes not otherwise provided for; Brakes combining more than one of the types of groups F16D49/00 - F16D61/00
  • F16D63/006—Positive locking brakes
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
  • F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
  • F16D2121/14—Mechanical
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
  • F16D2125/00—Components of actuators
  • F16D2125/18—Mechanical mechanisms
  • F16D2125/20—Mechanical mechanisms converting rotation to linear movement or vice versa
  • F16D2125/34—Mechanical mechanisms converting rotation to linear movement or vice versa acting in the direction of the axis of rotation
  • F16D2125/40—Screw-and-nut

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a device for braking and mechanically locking a flexible link, in particular a cable, a rope and in particular a sail listening, a winch cable, a rope of reminder or similar.
• jamming or holding blockers In particular on sailboats, the holding devices in the position of the sheets of sail, commonly called jamming or holding blockers, are often made of two opposing jaws, arranged opposite and articulated on a base mounted on the hull of the boat , to tighten a sail listening and maintain it in position in order to ensure a constant tension on the sail.
• These blockers have only one function, that of maintaining the sail in a position determined by the browser.
• the blocking is absolute, that is to say without nuances, all or nothing type.
• the pressure generated by the thrust of the wind on the sails causes very high tensions on the plays and it becomes extremely difficult to release them quickly and safely.
• the blocking in position of the sail sounds can, under extreme conditions, cause tearing of the sail, breaks of plays or breaks of masts which are generally at the origin of extremely serious accidents, even of the rollovers of boats, especially catamarans that are impossible to straighten.
• the navigator should be able to reduce the pressure on the wing.
• it should be able to release the tension exerted on the plays, preferably in a progressive and controlled manner. But the usual blockers do not allow a progressive action.
• listening is released suddenly and the sail becomes uncontrollable. The sudden release of the listening can cause material and / or bodily damage because of the extreme tensions exerted on it.
• Offshore trawling cables are usually hauled by powered winches and the nets they drag can weigh several tons when full.
• the resistance that is exerted on these cables can be considerable.
• the resistance to the progress of the trawlers braked by their nets generates important risks for the boat which can be caught by a big wave, deprived of a large part of its maneuverability, slowed by the nets and put in difficulty, even sunk in a few moments. This situation is well known to fishermen, but no reliable solution exists to date to reduce or eliminate this risk. Freeing the hauling cable by means of a clutch requires human intervention, heavy and slow maneuvers, while the situation at risk is very brutal and staff, often surprised by the events does not have the necessary time to evaluate the danger and intervene effectively and on time.
• winches In the field of boating, equipment such as winches known as "winches”, motorized or manual and capstans have the same problems of safety and handling.
• Portable or stationary winches used as accessories on a motor vehicle, a construction vehicle, a forestry tractor or the like or on lifting equipment such as a crane also present safety problems in the event of a breakdown of the drive motor. According to the existing safety standards these winches must include fall arrest equipment, called “parachutes” on metal curtains used to close shop windows. These devices are complex and do not always respond to imposed constraints. In particular, one of these constraints is to allow manual closing and lifting of the blind in case of failure of the drive motor and blocking by the fall arrest mechanism.
• the present invention proposes to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks in these various fields of application, in particular by eliminating the danger associated with jamming sail clams as they exist on many pleasure boats, by eliminating the risks inherent in the reduction of the maneuverability of trawlers related to the load of their nets in case of heavy weather, by suppressing warming of the return rope of a descender and by reassuring the uninitiated users, by securing the cables of motorized winches, in case of failure of the drive motor.
• the invention proposes a device which makes it possible to modulate the voltage acting on a flexible link, according to the conditions of use of this link, this device being able to ensure the locking of said link in position under certain conditions of use, to define a voltage limit of this blocking, automatically release the link when this limit voltage is exceeded and allow to release the link of the device without risk even when the tension exerted on him is particularly high.
• the device according to the invention as defined in the preamble and characterized in that it comprises, on the one hand, a first housing defined by a frame rigidly mounted on a base and a rotary pulley around a pin mounted on said base and housed in said first housing and, secondly, a second housing integral with said first housing, said device further comprising a mechanism for controlling and controlling the rotation of said rotary pulley, which comprises a core central movable axially relative to said base and housed in said second housing, and in that said central core and said pulley respectively comprise complementary braking and / or locking means arranged to cooperate by effecting relative braking and / or locking. of said pulley with respect to said central core.
• said central core is provided with at least one notch arranged to receive the head of at least one pin carried by said pulley and biased by a thrust spring, said notch and said pin constituting said complementary means braking and / or locking.
• said pulley is provided with at least one notch arranged to receive the head of at least one pin carried by said axially mobile central core and biased by a thrust spring, said notch and said pin constituting said additional means of braking and / or locking.
• said central core is mounted on a rotary shaft, said rotary shaft comprising actuating means which cooperate with said central core to generate an axial displacement of said central core according to a determined rotation of said rotary shaft.
• said actuating means comprise a thread complementary to said central core and said rotary shaft.
• Said axially movable central core is preferably provided with at least one series of notches arranged to each receive the head of a pin of a series of pins carried by said pulley, each pin being respectively urged by a thrust spring, said series of notches and said series of pins constituting said complementary braking and / or locking means.
• said central core comprises at least two sets of notches arranged to receive respectively at least two sets of pins each biased by a thrust spring, and the two sets of notches are arranged to cooperate with the heads of said pins to provide a braking and / or blocking function of the device in braking and / or relative locking of said pulley with respect to said central core, said two sets of notches and said two sets of pins constituting said complementary braking and / or locking means.
• the device comprises a first housing, integral with the base, traversed by said flexible link and containing the pulley, and a second housing containing said central core and fixed on said first housing.
• Said central core is advantageously coupled to the rotary shaft by means of a thread whose pitch is determined according to the desired speed of passage from a free or braked position to a locked position of the flexible link.
• said operating means comprise a manual operating lever.
• the device can be used as a blocker for listening to a sail of a boat or mounted on a winch of a towing rope of a trawl dragged by a trawler.
• said actuating means comprise a control lever pivoting between a first position in which the flexible link, formed by a return rope, is braked and a second position in which the flexible link is blocked.
• the pulley When the device is used to mount a load, the pulley, around which is wound the link formed by a rope, is coupled to a drive motor.
• FIG. 1 represents a perspective view illustrating an embodiment of the device for braking and mechanically locking a flexible link according to the invention
• FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the device of FIG. 1, illustrating a particular construction of the braking and locking means,
• FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate a particular application of the device of FIG. 1 as a sail listening blocker on a pleasure boat
• FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate another particular application of the device of FIG. 1 as a safety element coupled to the towing cable of a fishing trawl
• FIG. 5 illustrates a particular application of the device of FIG. 1 as a descender coupled to a return rope
• FIGS. 5A and 5B show the descender of FIG. 5 in a first and a second position
• Figure 6 illustrates a particular application of the device of Figure 1 as a safe elevator.
• the device 10 represented comprises a base 11 having, for example, a substantially rectangular shape, a first housing 12 integral with said base and a second housing 14 fixed on said first housing 12
• the first housing 12 is constituted by a frame 12a closed by said base 11 and contains a pulley 19 rotatable about an axis 9 and on which is wound, making at least one loop, a flexible link 13.
• the pulley 19 comprises advantageously a groove 19a in which is housed said flexible link 13.
• a control and control mechanism 15 of said flexible link 13 through said first housing 12 is mounted inside the two housings 12 and 14.
• This mechanism is associated, in this embodiment, with actuating means, for example a manual operating lever 16, integral with a rotary shaft 17 which is centered on said first and second housings 12 and 14.
• actuating means for example a manual operating lever 16, integral with a rotary shaft 17 which is centered on said first and second housings 12 and 14.
• This lever 16 when turned on its axis 17 in the direction of the double arrow A, actuates the control and control mechanism 15 so as to adjust it between a initial position in which the flexible link 13 is completely free and a final position in which the flexible link 13 is gradually braked to a total blockage in position.
• said mechanism controls the rotation and the braking of the pulley 19.
• Figure 1 shows an external view of an embodiment of the device 10 for braking and mechanical locking of a flexible link 13, wherein said flexible link is for example a rope and more particularly a sail listening.
• FIG. 2 represents an axial sectional view of the device 10, this section illustrating in more detail the construction of the control and control mechanism 15.
• This control and control mechanism 15 comprises a central core 18 which is linked to the shaft rotary 17 carrying said handle 16 and arranged to allow said central core 18 to be displaced axially in one direction or the other, according to the direction of rotation of this handle 16.
• the connection between the central core 18 and the rotary shaft 17 is a thread coupling which ensures the relative displacement of the two components in a more or less rapid manner according to the pitch of this thread.
• the pitch is small so that knob 16 must be turned a large number of turns to cause the desired movement.
• the pitch is large so that the knob 16 must be rotated to a small angular sector to cause the desired movement.
• the central core 18 and the rotary shaft 17 are housed in said second housing 14 mounted on the first housing 12 in which the pulley 19 is housed.
• the second housing 14 is fixed to the first housing 12 at the bolts 20 and the base 11 is fixed to said first housing 12 by means of screws 21.
• the male thread of the rotary shaft 17 and the female thread of the central core 18 are complementary.
• the pulley 19 carries, in the example shown, at least one, but preferably a first series of pins 22 each biased by a thrust spring 23 and arranged to each penetrate more or less deeply in a series of notches 24 corresponding arranged in the central core 18 and disposed opposite the head of each pin 22. These notches 24 are arranged to cooperate with the heads of said pins 22 to provide a braking function and / or locking the device 10 by exerting friction on the central core 18 which slows or blocks the rotation of the pulley 19, and thus the displacement of the flexible link 13 which is wound on this pulley.
• the pulley 19 carries, in the example shown, a second series of pins 25 each urged by a thrust spring 26 and arranged to each penetrate more or less deeply into a second series of corresponding notches 27 formed in the core 18 and arranged opposite the heads of the pins 25.
• These notches 27 are also arranged to cooperate with the heads of said pins 25 to also provide a function of braking and / or locking the device 10 by exerting friction on the core central 18 which slows or blocks the rotation of the pulley 19 and, therefore, the displacement of the flexible link 13 which is wound on this pulley.
• Each of the series of pins 22 and 25 is arranged on a concentric circle and the corresponding notches 24 and 27 may have a different geometry in such a way that one of the series of pins is mainly affected to the braking of the pulley 19 and that the other is essentially assigned to blocking said pulley.
• the notches and pins could be reversed and the number of notches and pins can be varied depending on the application.
• the notches and the corresponding pins are complementary means of braking and / or blocking the pulley 19 and of course the flexible link wound on this pulley. This assembly makes it possible to completely release the pulley 19 or to slow it down gradually and finally block it.
• the transition from the freewheel position to the locked position through progressive braking or the transition from a braked position to a locked position can be controlled according to the construction and / or adjustment of the control and control mechanism 15.
• FIGS. 3A and 3B show a pleasure craft 30 using a device 10 as represented by FIGS. 1 and 2 arranged as a blocker of the listening 31 of the jib 32 in the event of a very strong gust of wind capable of reversing the sailboat.
• the sail is bordered to the maximum while in Figure 3B, the sail is released after a brutal gust of wind suffered.
• the only way to escape the risk of overturning the boat is, for the skipper, to react quickly by unlocking the listening 31 of the jib 32 to release the tension on this listening and reduce the pressure on the skipper. sailing. This approach can be dangerous because the tension on the listening can cause accidents.
• the device 10 can be set in such a way that the earpiece 31 can unblock automatically, without any human intervention, when the voltage on the earpiece exceeds a certain pre-set value. As a result, the pressure on the sail can never exceed a threshold value beyond which navigation becomes dangerous with risks of sail tear, mast breakage and overturning of the hull.
• FIGS. 4A and 4B show a trawler 40 using at least one device 10 as represented by FIGS. 1 and 2 as a safety coupler mounted on a towing cable 41 of a trawl 42.
• the trawl 42 heavily loaded is towed by the trawler 40.
• the boat can be overtaken by a large wave that can fill it from behind, or poke forward and sink.
• the device has automatically released the cable while allowing the trawler 40 to regain its maneuverability momentarily when a large wave arrives, avoiding the risks mentioned above.
• FIG. 5 is a schematic view illustrating another application of the device 10 used as a return chute.
• the device 10 is mounted on a harness 50 carried by a mountaineer or a rescuer 51, and the flexible link 13 is a return rope.
• the control and control mechanism housed inside the device 10 is provided with a two-position pivoting actuating lever 52, namely a total locking or stopping position, marked “off" (FIG. 5A). 1 in which the lever is in the low position and where the rope is jammed by the mechanism preventing any descent of the mountaineer and a braking position, marked “on” ( Figure 5B), in which the lever is in the up position and where the rope is braked by the mechanism to slow down and control the descent of the mountaineer.
• FIG. 6 shows the device 10 used as a safe elevator.
• the load is represented by a mason bucket 60, but could be in the form of any load.
• the device is associated with a drive motor 61 which allows it to operate in both directions.
• the descent can be ensured in the same way as in the previous case with the rappel rope of the descender.
• the rise of the load can only be carried out with mechanical means which are provided by the drive motor 61.
• This drive motor 61 is coupled to the inner pulley of the control and control mechanism of the device 10 which can carry one or more flexible link loops 13, preferably a rope or cable.
• the control of the descent is carried out as previously, by a manual actuating lever 62 ensuring the braking adjustment of the flexible link
• This embodiment is ideal for winches.
• control and control mechanism of the device 10 is associated with a motorization that allows it to assume a secure winch function.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Braking Arrangements (AREA)

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• 2009
  • 2009-02-19 EP EP09712565A patent/EP2260216A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2009-02-19 WO PCT/CH2009/000067 patent/WO2009103178A1/fr active Application Filing

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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