EP2260116B1 - Platinum alloy for jewelry - Google Patents

Platinum alloy for jewelry Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2260116B1
EP2260116B1 EP10712084.2A EP10712084A EP2260116B1 EP 2260116 B1 EP2260116 B1 EP 2260116B1 EP 10712084 A EP10712084 A EP 10712084A EP 2260116 B1 EP2260116 B1 EP 2260116B1
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weight
alloy
platinum
alloys
ruthenium
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2260116A1 (en
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Heike Tews
Georg Steiner
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Heimerle and Meule GmbH
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Heimerle and Meule GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
    • C22C5/04—Alloys based on a platinum group metal

Definitions

  • the invention relates primarily to new platinum jewelery alloys as well as semi-finished products made with the aid of these alloys.
  • platinum Because of its characteristic gray-white color, platinum has long been used in jewelry production and thus also in the jewelry industry. However, like all precious metals in the elemental state, platinum is comparatively soft, so that although it can be processed easily, it does not have the necessary strength and durability for everyday use. This is why platinum is usually alloyed with other metals, especially in the jewelery sector, in order to increase its strength.
  • platinum alloys are already known. Mention should be made here only binary systems of platinum and ruthenium, platinum and tungsten, platinum and copper and platinum and palladium and platinum and gold.
  • a disadvantage of the known platinum alloys is that they are usually not melted or only with great difficulty in the so-called continuous casting process and thus can be processed into semi-finished products for the jewelry industry.
  • Continuous casting is known to the person skilled in the art as a method for the production of semi-finished products from metals and alloys, this method generally being carried out continuously, so that an endless strand of the desired semifinished product is provided.
  • the International Patent Publication WO 2005/075690 A1 discloses a platinum alloy which necessarily contains from 2 to 10% by weight of cobalt.
  • the alloy given in the example of this patent publication consists of 58.6% by weight of platinum, 37.3% by weight of copper and 4.1% by weight of cobalt.
  • the object of the invention is to provide new platinum jewelery alloys. These alloys should be able to be melted in particular by continuous casting, so that they can be produced by continuous casting and processed into semi-finished products. In addition, these alloys should also be produced from the material side with reduced costs, ie high-priced precious metals should be included only in the smallest possible proportion in these alloys. However, the new alloys should retain the properties necessary for their processing in the jewelry industry, for example in terms of their hardness on the one hand and on their workability on the other hand.
  • the abovementioned alloys may optionally also contain impurities in small amounts.
  • impurities are understood to mean all metallic or non-metallic elements and substances that are not deliberately added or intentionally left in the alloy.
  • platinum contents between 60% by weight and 70% by weight, in particular between 60% by weight and 65% by weight, are preferred with regard to the platinum content.
  • platinum contents between 60% by weight and 62% by weight are to be particularly emphasized.
  • tungsten content of between 0.1% by weight and 3% by weight is preferred, tungsten contents of between 0.5% by weight and 1.5% by weight being particularly noteworthy.
  • the amounts of these elements present are preferably between 0.1% by weight and 1% by weight, in particular between 0.1% by weight and 0.5% by weight.
  • Iridium included Such elements are known as so-called grain refiners because they can cause the resulting alloy to have a smaller average grain size compared to alloys that do not contain these elements. According to the invention, it is preferred if ruthenium, rhodium and iridium of at least ruthenium are contained in the said three elements, preferably only ruthenium is provided as such an additive.
  • the content of indium, gallium, germanium, tin and / or zinc is 2 wt .-% to 6 wt .-%, within this range contents between 2 wt .-% and 4 wt .-% are particularly noteworthy.
  • the elements indium, gallium, germanium, tin and / or zinc are known as so-called melting point depressants, ie by adding such elements, the melting point can be lowered compared to alloys which do not contain these elements. In addition, these elements increase the hardness of the resulting alloys.
  • melting point depressants ie by adding such elements, the melting point can be lowered compared to alloys which do not contain these elements. In addition, these elements increase the hardness of the resulting alloys.
  • the content of silver and / or copper is between 30 wt .-% and 40 wt .-%, preferably between 32 wt .-% and 38 wt .-%.
  • the elements of the group silver and copper copper is selected as part of the alloy.
  • these alloys are palladium-free. This is i.a. This is advantageous because palladium is a high-priced precious metal. If the use of palladium can be avoided, this makes a jewelry alloy much cheaper.
  • the platinum jewelery alloy according to the invention can be characterized according to the invention in that it has a melting interval below 1350 ° C.
  • alloys in particular the alloys used in the jewelry industry no sharp melting points, but a melting range, the so-called melting interval, within which the alloys initially soften until they then liquefy increasingly and then go into the actual liquid state.
  • melting intervals are below 1350 ° C, so that they can be easily melted and processed.
  • it is precisely in continuous casting that it is not necessary to have excessively high melting intervals for an alloy in order to be able to use this method.
  • the molten material must be sufficiently fluid for a certain period of time to convert the material into the strand. Here it must be prevented that the material solidifies too early.
  • the hardness of the alloy according to the invention preferably has a so-called Vickers hardness of ⁇ 180 HV, in particular of ⁇ 200 HV. Accordingly, with the alloys according to the invention, the so-called delivery hardnesses for jewelry alloys, in particular for pipes and rings, of 210 ⁇ 20 HV5 can readily be provided.
  • the Vickers hardness test is known to the person skilled in the art. HV5 corresponds to the test load of 50 N (Newton). This specification is a common indication of the hardness of such materials for precious metal alloys.
  • the invention comprises a semi-finished product for jewelery production, which is at least partially, preferably completely, made of an alloy according to the invention.
  • these semi-finished products are prefabricated geometric shapes made of the corresponding alloy material, which are then further processed manually or industrially to the respective jewelry end products.
  • Such semi-finished products usually for example, pipes, rods, rings, sheets, strips, wires and the like.
  • Such semi-finished products are, as already mentioned, particularly good in the continuous casting process. They are first produced as a semi-finished cast product and then processed further to the final semi-finished product with the desired dimensions, preferably formed.
  • the semifinished products according to the invention are tubular or annular semi-finished products.
  • Such semi-finished products are particularly suitable for the production of jewelry rings including wedding rings.
  • the invention also encompasses the process for producing the alloys according to the invention.
  • This method is characterized in that at least two of the elements that make up the alloy, at least one master alloy is produced. This master alloy is then subsequently fused together with the other elements making up the alloy or with other master alloys containing such elements to form the alloy according to the invention.
  • the invention as a whole is associated with a whole series of advantages.
  • a platinum jewelery alloy i. to provide a jewelry alloy containing platinum as a main ingredient with an excellent combination of properties.
  • the melting interval of the alloy according to the invention can be below 1350 ° C.
  • the alloy can be easily in the conventional continuous casting process, the benefits of which have already been mentioned, to process.
  • Such conventional continuous casting processes work without a vacuum and are also used, for example, for standard gold alloys in the jewelry industry.
  • the alloy according to the invention is approximately in the range of the values for such melt intervals of palladium-containing white gold alloys, for example of gold-palladium alloys with a palladium content of 19% by weight.
  • the invention platinum jewelery alloys in the same way processable, namely with the continuous casting process, such as such white gold alloys.
  • the alloys according to the invention contain no palladium.
  • the use of this expensive precious metal can be avoided in favor of other cheaper components. Therefore, the alloys of the invention are of great commercial importance.
  • the alloys according to the invention can provide all the other properties required by such jewelery alloys. This is, for example, the hardness, with readily Vickers hardness of 200 HV can be achieved. Nevertheless, the alloys according to the invention are sufficiently fine-grained to ensure their machinability by machining techniques, be it manually by the jewelry designer or on machines, such as CNC machines in the jewelry industry. They are also diamond coatable (with the help of natural diamonds machinable) and very good polishable.
  • the obtained white-colored alloy has a melting interval between 1185 ° C. and 1310 ° C. and can accordingly be processed in a continuous casting process into semi-finished products, in particular into tubes and rings. It has a density of 13.6 g / cm 3 .
  • the hardness of the alloy is annealed (at 950 ° C) 210 ( ⁇ 10) HV10 and after a conversion to 80% of its initial thickness by rolling 360 HV10.
  • the alloy is fine-grained (average particle size approx. 25 ⁇ m) and can be excellently machined (chipping) by machining.
  • Example 2 For the preparation of the alloy according to the invention according to Example 2, the master alloys of platinum and tungsten or of platinum, copper and indium mentioned in connection with Example 1 are likewise initially provided. These two master alloys then become melted together with ruthenium and silver in an oven.
  • the melting interval of the alloy obtained according to Example 2 is between 1200 ° C and 1300 ° C. Accordingly, this alloy can also be processed in a continuous casting process to said semifinished products.
  • the alloy has a white color and a density of 13.8 g / cm 3 . Their hardness is annealed (at 950 ° C) at 190 ( ⁇ 10) HV10.
  • the alloy is also fine-grained and can be machined very well by machining.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Adornments (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft in erster Linie neue Platin-Schmucklegierungen sowie mit Hilfe dieser Legierungen gefertigte Halbzeuge.The invention relates primarily to new platinum jewelery alloys as well as semi-finished products made with the aid of these alloys.

Platin hat wegen seiner charakteristischen grau-weißen Farbe schon seit langem Eingang in die Schmuckherstellung und damit auch in die Schmuckindustrie gefunden. Allerdings ist Platin wie alle Edelmetalle im elementaren Zustand vergleichsweise weich, so dass es zwar leicht bearbeitet werden kann, jedoch für den Alltagsgebrauch nicht die notwendige Festigkeit und Beständigkeit aufweist. Deshalb wird Platin gerade auch im Schmuckbereich in der Regel mit weiteren Metallen legiert, um seine Festigkeit zu erhöhen.Because of its characteristic gray-white color, platinum has long been used in jewelry production and thus also in the jewelry industry. However, like all precious metals in the elemental state, platinum is comparatively soft, so that although it can be processed easily, it does not have the necessary strength and durability for everyday use. This is why platinum is usually alloyed with other metals, especially in the jewelery sector, in order to increase its strength.

Dementsprechend sind bereits eine Vielzahl von kommerziell eingesetzten Platinlegierungen bekannt. Erwähnt sollen hier nur Zweistoffsysteme aus Platin und Ruthenium, Platin und Wolfram, Platin und Kupfer sowie Platin und Palladium und Platin und Gold.Accordingly, a variety of commercially used platinum alloys are already known. Mention should be made here only binary systems of platinum and ruthenium, platinum and tungsten, platinum and copper and platinum and palladium and platinum and gold.

Ein Nachteil der bekannten Platinlegierungen liegt darin, dass sie in der Regel nicht oder nur unter großen Schwierigkeiten im sogenannten Stranggussverfahren erschmolzen und damit zu Halbzeugen für die Schmuckindustrie verarbeitet werden können. Das Stranggießen ist dem Fachmann bekannt als ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Halbzeugen aus Metallen und Legierungen, wobei dieses Verfahren in der Regel kontinuierlich durchgeführt wird, so dass ein Endlosstrang des gewünschten Halbzeugs bereitgestellt wird.A disadvantage of the known platinum alloys is that they are usually not melted or only with great difficulty in the so-called continuous casting process and thus can be processed into semi-finished products for the jewelry industry. Continuous casting is known to the person skilled in the art as a method for the production of semi-finished products from metals and alloys, this method generally being carried out continuously, so that an endless strand of the desired semifinished product is provided.

Darüber hinaus handelt es sich bei den Metallen, die bisher dem Platin zur Herstellung von Schmucklegierungen zulegiert wurden, häufig um hochpreisige Edelmetalle, so dass solche Legierungen auch von der Materialseite her vergleichsweise teuer sind.In addition, the metals that were previously alloyed with platinum for the production of jewelry alloys, are often high-priced precious metals, so that such alloys are relatively expensive from the material side.

Die internationale Patentveröffentlichung WO 2005/075690 A1 offenbart eine Platinlegierung, die zwingend 2 bis 10 Gew.% Kobalt enthält. Die im Beispiel dieser Patentveröffentlichung angegebene Legierung besteht aus 58,6 Gew.% Platin, 37,3 Gew.% Kupfer und 4,1 Gew.% Kobalt.The International Patent Publication WO 2005/075690 A1 discloses a platinum alloy which necessarily contains from 2 to 10% by weight of cobalt. The alloy given in the example of this patent publication consists of 58.6% by weight of platinum, 37.3% by weight of copper and 4.1% by weight of cobalt.

Dementsprechend stellt sich die Erfindung die Aufgabe, neue Platin-Schmucklegierungen zur Verfügung zu stellen. Diese Legierungen sollen insbesondere im Stranggussverfahren erschmolzen werden können, so dass sie durch Stranggießen herstellbar und zu Halbzeugen verarbeitbar sind. Außerdem sollen diese Legierungen auch von der Materialseite her mit reduzierten Kosten herstellbar sein, d.h. hochpreisige Edelmetalle sollen nur zu einem möglichst geringen Anteil in diesen Legierungen enthalten sein. Dabei sollen die neuen Legierungen jedoch die für ihre Verarbeitung in der Schmuckindustrie notwendigen Eigenschaften beibehalten, beispielsweise im Hinblick auf ihre Härte einerseits und auf ihre Bearbeitbarkeit andererseits.Accordingly, the object of the invention is to provide new platinum jewelery alloys. These alloys should be able to be melted in particular by continuous casting, so that they can be produced by continuous casting and processed into semi-finished products. In addition, these alloys should also be produced from the material side with reduced costs, ie high-priced precious metals should be included only in the smallest possible proportion in these alloys. However, the new alloys should retain the properties necessary for their processing in the jewelry industry, for example in terms of their hardness on the one hand and on their workability on the other hand.

Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch die Platin-Schmucklegierungen mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1. Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen dieser Legierungen sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen 2 bis 13 beschrieben. Weiter umfasst die Erfindung die Halbzeuge gemäß den Ansprüchen 14 und 15 sowie das Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 16.This object is achieved by the platinum jewelery alloys with the features of claim 1. Preferred embodiments of these alloys are described in the dependent claims 2 to 13. Furthermore, the invention comprises the semi-finished products according to claims 14 and 15 and the method according to claim 16.

Die erfindungsgemäßen Legierungen bestehen aus

  • 50,0 Gew.-% bis 70,0 Gew.-% Platin (Pt),
  • 0,1 Gew.-% bis 5,0 Gew.-% Wolfram (W),
  • 0,1 Gew.% bis 5,0 Gew.-% mindestens eines Elements ausgewählt aus der Gruppe Ruthenium (Ru), Rhodium (Rh) und Iridium (Ir),
  • 2 Gew.-% bis 15 Gew.-% mindestens eines Elements ausgewählt aus der Gruppe Indium (In), Gallium (Ga), Germanium (Ge), Zinn (Sn), und Zink (Zn), und
  • 0,5 Gew.-% bis 40 Gew.-% Silber (Ag) und/oder Kupfer (Cu)
The alloys according to the invention consist of
  • 50.0% by weight to 70.0% by weight of platinum (Pt),
  • 0.1 wt.% To 5.0 wt.% Tungsten (W),
  • 0.1% by weight to 5.0% by weight of at least one element selected from the group consisting of ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh) and iridium (Ir),
  • 2 wt .-% to 15 wt .-% of at least one element selected from the group indium (In), gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), tin (Sn), and zinc (Zn), and
  • From 0.5% to 40% by weight of silver (Ag) and / or copper (Cu)

Es versteht sich, dass die genannten Legierungen neben den genannten Legierungselementen, die der erfindungsgemäßen Legierung in Kombination ihre besonderen Eigenschaften verleihen, gegebenenfalls noch Verunreinigungen in geringen Mengen enthalten können. Unter solchen Verunreinigungen sollen alle metallischen oder nicht metallischen Elemente und Stoffe verstanden werden, die der Legierung nicht absichtlich hinzugefügt oder nicht absichtlich in dieser belassen werden.It is understood that in addition to the abovementioned alloying elements which impart their particular properties in combination to the alloy according to the invention, the abovementioned alloys may optionally also contain impurities in small amounts. Such impurities are understood to mean all metallic or non-metallic elements and substances that are not deliberately added or intentionally left in the alloy.

Bei allen genannten erfindungsgemäßen Schmucklegierungen sind bezüglich des Platingehalts Platingehalte zwischen 60 Gew.-% und 70 Gew.-%, insbesondere zwischen 60 Gew.-% und 65 Gew.-%, bevorzugt. Innerhalb des zuletzt genannten Bereiches sind Platingehalte zwischen 60 Gew.-% und 62 Gew.-% besonders hervorzuheben.In the case of all abovementioned jewelery alloys, platinum contents between 60% by weight and 70% by weight, in particular between 60% by weight and 65% by weight, are preferred with regard to the platinum content. Within the last-mentioned range, platinum contents between 60% by weight and 62% by weight are to be particularly emphasized.

Bei den erfindungsgemäßen Schmucklegierungen sind Wolframgehatte zwischen 0,1 Gew.-% und 3 Gew.-% bevorzugt, wobei wiederum Wolframgehalte zwischen 0,5 Gew.-% und 1,5 Gew.-% besonders hervorzuheben sind.In the case of the jewelery alloys according to the invention, tungsten content of between 0.1% by weight and 3% by weight is preferred, tungsten contents of between 0.5% by weight and 1.5% by weight being particularly noteworthy.

Bei den erfindungsgemäßen Schmucklegierungen, die Ruthenium, Rhodium und/oder Iridium enthalten, betragen die enthaltenen Mengen dieser Elemente (insgesamt) vorzugsweise zwischen 0,1 Gew.-% und 1 Gew.-%, insbesondere zwischen 0,1 Gew.-% und 0,5 Gew.-%.In the case of the jewelery alloys according to the invention which contain ruthenium, rhodium and / or iridium, the amounts of these elements present (in total) are preferably between 0.1% by weight and 1% by weight, in particular between 0.1% by weight and 0.5% by weight.

Wie bereits erwähnt ist bei der Erfindung mindestens ein Element aus der Gruppe Ruthenium, Rhodium undAs already mentioned, in the invention at least one element from the group ruthenium, rhodium and

Iridium enthalten. Solche Elemente sind als sogenannte Kornfeiner bekannt, da sie dafür sorgen können, dass die erhaltene Legierung eine geringere mittlere Korngröße aufweist im Vergleich zu Legierungen, die diese Elemente nicht enthalten.
Erfindungsgemäß ist es bevorzugt, wenn von den genannten drei Elementen Ruthenium, Rhodium und Iridium mindestens Ruthenium enthalten ist, vorzugsweise nur Ruthenium als ein solcher Zusatz vorgesehen ist.Iridium included. Such elements are known as so-called grain refiners because they can cause the resulting alloy to have a smaller average grain size compared to alloys that do not contain these elements.
According to the invention, it is preferred if ruthenium, rhodium and iridium of at least ruthenium are contained in the said three elements, preferably only ruthenium is provided as such an additive.

Weiter ist es bei der Erfindung bevorzugt, wenn der Gehalt an Indium, Gallium, Germanium, Zinn und/oder Zink 2 Gew.-% bis 6 Gew.-% beträgt, wobei innerhalb dieses Bereichs Gehalte zwischen 2 Gew.-% und 4 Gew.-% besonders hervorzuheben sind.Further, it is preferred in the invention, when the content of indium, gallium, germanium, tin and / or zinc is 2 wt .-% to 6 wt .-%, within this range contents between 2 wt .-% and 4 wt .-% are particularly noteworthy.

Die Elemente Indium, Gallium, Germanium, Zinn und/oder Zink sind als sogenannte Schmelzpunktsenker bekannt, d.h. durch Zugabe solcher Elemente lässt sich der Schmelzpunkt erniedrigen gegenüber Legierungen, die diese Elemente nicht enthalten. Außerdem erhöhen diese Elemente die Härte der erhaltenen Legierungen.
Im vorliegenden Fall ist es bei der Erfindung in diesem Zusammenhang bevorzugt, wenn aus der genannten Gruppe von Elementen (Indium, Gallium, Germanium, Zinn und/oder Zink) mindestens Indium enthalten ist, vorzugsweise in der Legierung nur Indium als ein solcher Zusatz vorgesehen ist.The elements indium, gallium, germanium, tin and / or zinc are known as so-called melting point depressants, ie by adding such elements, the melting point can be lowered compared to alloys which do not contain these elements. In addition, these elements increase the hardness of the resulting alloys.
In the present case, in the context of the invention, it is preferred in this context if at least indium is contained in the mentioned group of elements (indium, gallium, germanium, tin and / or zinc), preferably only indium is provided as such an additive in the alloy ,

Bei weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsformen der Erfindung beträgt der Gehalt an Silber und/oder Kupfer zwischen 30 Gew.-% und 40 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise zwischen 32 Gew.-% und 38 Gew.-%.In further preferred embodiments of the invention, the content of silver and / or copper is between 30 wt .-% and 40 wt .-%, preferably between 32 wt .-% and 38 wt .-%.

Weiter ist es bevorzugt, wenn von den Elementen aus der Gruppe Silber und Kupfer Kupfer als Bestandteil der Legierung ausgewählt ist.Further, it is preferred if of the elements of the group silver and copper copper is selected as part of the alloy.

In Übereinstimmung mit den bisherigen Ausführungen sind erfindungsgemäß solche Platin-Schmucklegierungen bevorzugt, die die Bestandteile

  • Platin,
  • Wolfram,
  • Ruthenium,
  • Indium und
  • Kupfer
aufweisen.In accordance with the previous embodiments, such platinum jewelery alloys are preferred according to the invention, which are the constituents
  • Platinum,
  • Tungsten,
  • ruthenium,
  • Indium and
  • copper
exhibit.

In diesem Zusammenhang besonders bevorzugt sind erfindungsgemäße Platin-Schmucklegierungen bestehend aus

  • 60 Gew.-% bis 62 Gew.-% Platin (Pt),
  • 0,5 Gew.-% bis 1,5 Gew.-% Wolfram (W),
  • 0,1 Gew.-% bis 0,5 Gew.-% Ruthenium (Ru),
  • 2 Gew.-% bis 4 Gew.-% Indium (In), und
  • 32 Gew.-% bis 38 Gew.-% Kupfer (Cu).
Particularly preferred in this context are platinum jewelery alloys according to the invention consisting of
  • 60% by weight to 62% by weight of platinum (Pt),
  • 0.5 wt.% To 1.5 wt.% Tungsten (W),
  • 0.1% by weight to 0.5% by weight of ruthenium (Ru),
  • 2 wt .-% to 4 wt .-% indium (In), and
  • From 32% to 38% by weight of copper (Cu).

Mit solchen Schmucklegierungen lassen sich die erfindungsgemäßen Vorteile in besonderer Weise verwirklichen.With such jewelry alloys, the advantages of the invention can be realized in a special way.

Weiter ist im Zusammenhang mit der erfindungsgemäßen Platin-Schmucklegierung hervorzuheben, dass diese Legierungen palladiumfrei sind. Dies ist u.a. deshalb von Vorteil, da es sich bei Palladium um ein hochpreisiges Edelmetall handelt. Kann der Einsatz von Palladium vermieden werden, so macht dies eine Schmucklegierung wesentlich preisgünstiger.Furthermore, in connection with the platinum jewelery alloy according to the invention, it should be emphasized that these alloys are palladium-free. This is i.a. This is advantageous because palladium is a high-priced precious metal. If the use of palladium can be avoided, this makes a jewelry alloy much cheaper.

Weiter kann die erfindungsgemäße Platin-Schmucklegierung erfindungsgemäß dadurch gekennzeichnet sein, dass sie ein Schmelzintervall unterhalb von 1350 °C aufweist. Bekanntlich besitzen Legierungen, insbesondere die in der Schmuckindustrie eingesetzten Legierungen keine scharfen Schmelzpunkte, sondern einen Schmelzbereich, das sogenannte Schmelzintervall, innerhalb dessen die Legierungen zunächst erweichen, bis sie sich dann zunehmend verflüssigen und dann in den tatsächlich flüssigen Zustand übergehen. Für die Verarbeitung solcher Legierungen ist es von großem Vorteil, wenn solche Schmelzintervalle unterhalb von 1350 °C liegen, so dass sie in einfacher Weise erschmolzen und weiterverarbeitet werden können. Wie eingangs erwähnt, ist es gerade beim Stranggießen erforderlich, keine zu hohen Schmelzintervalle bei einer Legierung zu haben, um dieses Verfahren anwenden zu können. Dort muss ja das erschmolzene Material über einen bestimmten Zeitraum ausreichend dünnflüssig sein, um das Material in den Strang umzuwandeln. Hier muss verhindert werden, dass das Material zu früh erstarrt.Furthermore, the platinum jewelery alloy according to the invention can be characterized according to the invention in that it has a melting interval below 1350 ° C. As is known, alloys, in particular the alloys used in the jewelry industry no sharp melting points, but a melting range, the so-called melting interval, within which the alloys initially soften until they then liquefy increasingly and then go into the actual liquid state. For the processing of such alloys, it is of great advantage if such melting intervals are below 1350 ° C, so that they can be easily melted and processed. As mentioned above, it is precisely in continuous casting that it is not necessary to have excessively high melting intervals for an alloy in order to be able to use this method. There, the molten material must be sufficiently fluid for a certain period of time to convert the material into the strand. Here it must be prevented that the material solidifies too early.

Schließlich sei erwähnt, dass die Härte der erfindungsgemäßen Legierung vorzugsweise eine sogenannte Vickers-Härte von ≥ 180 HV, insbesondere von ≥ 200 HV, aufweist. Dementsprechend lassen sich mit den erfindungsgemäßen Legierungen ohne weiteres die sogenannten Lieferhärten für Schmucklegierungen, insbesondere für Rohre und Ringe, von 210 ± 20 HV5 bereitstellen.
Die Härteprüfung nach Vickers ist dem Fachmann bekannt. HV5 entspricht dabei der Prüfkraft von 50 N (Newton). Diese Angabe ist bei Edelmetalllegierungen eine übliche Angabe für die Härte solcher Materialien.Finally, it should be mentioned that the hardness of the alloy according to the invention preferably has a so-called Vickers hardness of ≥ 180 HV, in particular of ≥ 200 HV. Accordingly, with the alloys according to the invention, the so-called delivery hardnesses for jewelry alloys, in particular for pipes and rings, of 210 ± 20 HV5 can readily be provided.
The Vickers hardness test is known to the person skilled in the art. HV5 corresponds to the test load of 50 N (Newton). This specification is a common indication of the hardness of such materials for precious metal alloys.

Weiter umfasst die Erfindung ein Halbzeug für die Schmuckherstellung, das mindestens teilweise, vorzugsweise vollständig, aus einer erfindungsgemäßen Legierung gefertigt ist. Bekanntlich handelt es sich bei diesen Halbzeugen um vorgefertigte geometrische Formen aus dem entsprechenden Legierungsmaterial, die anschließend handwerklich oder industriell zu den jeweiligen Schmuck-Endprodukten weiter verarbeitet werden. Im Schmuckbereich handelt es sich bei solchen Halbzeugen in der Regel beispielsweise um Rohre, Stangen, Ringe, Bleche, Bänder, Drähte und dergleichen. Solche Halbzeuge sind, wie bereits erwähnt, besonders gut im Stranggussverfahren herstellbar. Sie werden zunächst als Gußhalbzeug hergestellt und dann in der Regel zum endgültigen Halbzeug mit den gewünschten Abmessungen weiterbearbeitet, vorzugsweise umgeformt.Furthermore, the invention comprises a semi-finished product for jewelery production, which is at least partially, preferably completely, made of an alloy according to the invention. As is well known, these semi-finished products are prefabricated geometric shapes made of the corresponding alloy material, which are then further processed manually or industrially to the respective jewelry end products. In the jewelry sector are such semi-finished products usually for example, pipes, rods, rings, sheets, strips, wires and the like. Such semi-finished products are, as already mentioned, particularly good in the continuous casting process. They are first produced as a semi-finished cast product and then processed further to the final semi-finished product with the desired dimensions, preferably formed.

Erfindungsgemäß ist es bevorzugt, wenn es sich bei den erfindungsgemäßen Halbzeugen um rohrartige oder ringartige Halbzeuge handelt. Solche Halbzeuge eignen sich besonders gut zur Herstellung von Schmuckringen einschließlich Trauringen.According to the invention, it is preferred if the semifinished products according to the invention are tubular or annular semi-finished products. Such semi-finished products are particularly suitable for the production of jewelry rings including wedding rings.

Schließlich umfasst die Erfindung noch das Verfahren zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Legierungen. Dieses Verfahren ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass aus mindestens zwei der Elemente, aus denen die Legierung besteht, mindestens eine Vorlegierung hergestellt wird. Diese Vorlegierung wird dann anschließend mit den übrigen Elementen, aus denen die Legierung besteht, oder mit anderen Vorlegierungen, die solche Elemente enthalten, zu der erfindungsgemäßen Legierung zusammengeschmolzen.Finally, the invention also encompasses the process for producing the alloys according to the invention. This method is characterized in that at least two of the elements that make up the alloy, at least one master alloy is produced. This master alloy is then subsequently fused together with the other elements making up the alloy or with other master alloys containing such elements to form the alloy according to the invention.

Die Erfindung ist insgesamt mit einer ganzen Reihe von Vorteilen verbunden.The invention as a whole is associated with a whole series of advantages.

So lässt sich eine Platin-Schmucklegierung, d.h. eine Schmucklegierung, die Platin als Hauptbestandteil enthält, mit einer hervorragenden Kombination an Eigenschaften bereitstellen.Thus, a platinum jewelery alloy, i. to provide a jewelry alloy containing platinum as a main ingredient with an excellent combination of properties.

In diesem Zusammenhang ist zunächst zu erwähnen, dass das Schmelzintervall der erfindungsgemäßen Legierung unterhalb von 1350 °C liegen kann. Damit lässt sich die Legierung ohne weiteres im herkömmlichen Stranggussverfahren, dessen Vorteile bereits erwähnt wurden, verarbeiten. Solche herkömmlichen Stranggussverfahren arbeiten ohne Vakuum und werden beispielsweise auch für Standardgoldlegierungen im Schmuckbereich verwendet. Mit den genannten Werten für das Schmelzintervall unterhalb von 1350 °C liegt die erfindungsgemäße Legierung annähernd im Bereich der Werte für solche Schmelzintervalle von palladiumhaltigen Weißgoldlegierungen, z.B. von Gold-PalladiumLegierungen mit einem Palladiumgehalt von 19 Gew.-%. Damit macht die Erfindung Platin-Schmucklegierungen in gleicher Weise verarbeitbar, nämlich mit dem Stranggussverfahren, wie solche Weißgold-Legierungen.It should first be mentioned in this connection that the melting interval of the alloy according to the invention can be below 1350 ° C. Thus, the alloy can be easily in the conventional continuous casting process, the benefits of which have already been mentioned, to process. Such conventional continuous casting processes work without a vacuum and are also used, for example, for standard gold alloys in the jewelry industry. With the stated values for the melting interval below 1350 ° C., the alloy according to the invention is approximately in the range of the values for such melt intervals of palladium-containing white gold alloys, for example of gold-palladium alloys with a palladium content of 19% by weight. Thus, the invention platinum jewelery alloys in the same way processable, namely with the continuous casting process, such as such white gold alloys.

Darüber hinaus ist hervorzuheben, dass die erfindungsgemäßen Legierungen kein Palladium enthalten. Damit kann die Verwendung dieses teuren Edelmetalls zugunsten anderer billigerer Bestandteile vermieden werden. Deshalb sind die erfindungsgemäßen Legierungen von großer kommerzieller Bedeutung.In addition, it should be emphasized that the alloys according to the invention contain no palladium. Thus, the use of this expensive precious metal can be avoided in favor of other cheaper components. Therefore, the alloys of the invention are of great commercial importance.

Schließlich ist hervorzuheben, dass mit den erfindungsgemäßen Legierungen trotz der neuen Zusammensetzung alle anderen Eigenschaften bereitgestellt werden können, wie sie von derartigen Schmucklegierungen gefordert werden. Dies ist zum einen beispielsweise die Härte, wobei ohne weiteres Vickers-Härten von 200 HV erreicht werden können. Trotzdem sind die erfindungsgemäßen Legierungen ausreichend feinkörnig, um ihre Bearbeitbarkeit durch spanende Techniken zu gewährleisten, sei es manuell durch den Schmuckgestalter oder auf Maschinen, beispielsweise CNC-Maschinen in der Schmuckindustrie. Sie sind auch diamantierfähig (mit Hilfe von Naturdiamanten mechanisch bearbeitbar) und sehr gut polierbar.Finally, it should be emphasized that, despite the new composition, the alloys according to the invention can provide all the other properties required by such jewelery alloys. This is, for example, the hardness, with readily Vickers hardness of 200 HV can be achieved. Nevertheless, the alloys according to the invention are sufficiently fine-grained to ensure their machinability by machining techniques, be it manually by the jewelry designer or on machines, such as CNC machines in the jewelry industry. They are also diamond coatable (with the help of natural diamonds machinable) and very good polishable.

Die geschilderten und weiteren Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus dem nachfolgenden Beispiel in Verbindung mit den Unteransprüchen. Dabei können die einzelnen Merkmale für sich allein oder in Kombination miteinander verwirklicht sein.The described and further features of the invention will become apparent from the following example in conjunction with the subclaims. The individual features can be realized alone or in combination with each other.

Beispiel 1example 1

Es wird eine erfindungsgemäße Platinlegierung hergestellt, die, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht 1000 (in ‰), die folgenden Bestandteile aufweist:

  • 600 Platin (Pt),
  • 357 Kupfer (Cu),
  • 36 Indium (In),
  • 5 Wolfram (W), und
  • 2 Ruthenium (Ru).
A platinum alloy according to the invention is produced which, based on the total weight 1000 (in ‰), has the following constituents:
  • 600 platinum (Pt),
  • 357 copper (Cu),
  • 36 indium (in),
  • 5 tungsten (W), and
  • 2 ruthenium (Ru).

Umgerechnet auf Gew.-% besitzt diese erfindungsgemäße Legierung somit die Zusammensetzung:

  • 60 Gew.-% Platin (Pt),
  • 35,7 Gew.-% Kupfer (Cu),
  • 3,6 Gew.-% Indium (In),
  • 0,5 Gew.-% Wolfram (W), und
  • 0,2 Gew.-% Ruthenium (Ru).
Converted to wt .-%, this alloy according to the invention thus has the composition:
  • 60% by weight of platinum (Pt),
  • 35.7% by weight of copper (Cu),
  • 3.6% by weight indium (In),
  • 0.5 wt% tungsten (W), and
  • 0.2% by weight of ruthenium (Ru).

Zur Herstellung dieser erfindungsgemäßen Legierung werden zunächst Vorlegierungen aus Platin und Wolfram sowie aus Platin, Kupfer und Indium bereitgestellt. Diese beiden Vorlegierungen werden dann zusammen mit Ruthenium in einem Ofen zusammengeschmolzen.For the preparation of this alloy according to the invention, master alloys of platinum and tungsten as well as of platinum, copper and indium are initially provided. These two master alloys are then melted together with ruthenium in an oven.

Die erhaltene Legierung mit weißer Farbe besitzt ein Schmelzintervall zwischen 1185 °C und 1310 °C und lässt sich dementsprechend in einem Stranggussverfahren zu Halbzeugen, insbesondere zu Rohren und Ringen, verarbeiten. Sie besitzt eine Dichte von 13,6 g/cm3. Die Härte der Legierung beträgt geglüht (bei 950 °C) 210 (±10) HV10 und nach einer Umformung auf 80 % ihrer Ausgangsdicke durch Walzen 360 HV10.The obtained white-colored alloy has a melting interval between 1185 ° C. and 1310 ° C. and can accordingly be processed in a continuous casting process into semi-finished products, in particular into tubes and rings. It has a density of 13.6 g / cm 3 . The hardness of the alloy is annealed (at 950 ° C) 210 (± 10) HV10 and after a conversion to 80% of its initial thickness by rolling 360 HV10.

Die Legierung ist feinkörnig (mittlere Korngröße ca. 25 µm) und lässt sich ausgezeichnet (zer-)spanend bearbeiten.The alloy is fine-grained (average particle size approx. 25 μm) and can be excellently machined (chipping) by machining.

Beispiel 2Example 2

Es wird eine zweite erfindungsgemäße Platinlegierung hergestellt, die die folgenden Bestandteile aufweist, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht 1000 (in ‰):

  • 600 Platin (Pt),
  • 304,9 Kupfer (Cu),
  • 60 Silber (Ag),
  • 30 Indium (In),
  • 5 Wolfram (W), und
  • 0,1 Ruthenium (Ru).
A second platinum alloy according to the invention is prepared which has the following constituents, based on the total weight 1000 (in ‰):
  • 600 platinum (Pt),
  • 304.9 copper (Cu),
  • 60 silver (Ag),
  • 30 Indium (In),
  • 5 tungsten (W), and
  • 0.1 ruthenium (Ru).

Umgerechnet auf Gew.-% besitzt diese erfindungsgemäße Legierung somit die Zusammensetzung:

  • 60 Gew.-% Platin (Pt),
  • 30,49 Gew.-% Kupfer (Cu),
  • 6,0 Gew.-% Silber (Ag)
  • 3,0 Gew.-% Indium (In),
  • 0,5 Gew.-% Wolfram (W), und
  • 0,01 Gew.-% Ruthenium (Ru).
Converted to wt .-%, this alloy according to the invention thus has the composition:
  • 60% by weight of platinum (Pt),
  • 30.49% by weight of copper (Cu),
  • 6.0% by weight of silver (Ag)
  • 3.0% by weight indium (In),
  • 0.5 wt% tungsten (W), and
  • 0.01% by weight of ruthenium (Ru).

Zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Legierung gemäß Beispiel 2 werden ebenfalls zunächst die im Zusammenhang mit Beispiel 1 genannten Vorlegierungen aus Platin und Wolfram bzw. aus Platin, Kupfer und Indium bereitgestellt. Diese beiden Vorlegierungen werden dann zusammen mit Ruthenium und Silber in einem Ofen zusammengeschmolzen.For the preparation of the alloy according to the invention according to Example 2, the master alloys of platinum and tungsten or of platinum, copper and indium mentioned in connection with Example 1 are likewise initially provided. These two master alloys then become melted together with ruthenium and silver in an oven.

Das Schmelzintervall der gemäß Beispiel 2 erhaltenen Legierung liegt zwischen 1200 °C und 1300 °C. Dementsprechend lässt sich diese Legierung ebenfalls in einem Stranggussverfahren zu den genannten Halbzeugen verarbeiten. Die Legierung besitzt eine weiße Farbe und eine Dichte von 13,8 g/cm3. Ihre Härte liegt geglüht (bei 950°C) bei 190 (± 10) HV10.The melting interval of the alloy obtained according to Example 2 is between 1200 ° C and 1300 ° C. Accordingly, this alloy can also be processed in a continuous casting process to said semifinished products. The alloy has a white color and a density of 13.8 g / cm 3 . Their hardness is annealed (at 950 ° C) at 190 (± 10) HV10.

Die Legierung ist ebenfalls feinkörnig und lässt sich sehr gut (zer-)spanend bearbeiten.The alloy is also fine-grained and can be machined very well by machining.

Claims (16)

  1. Platinum alloy for jewellery, consisting of
    - 50.0% by weight to 70.0% by weight platinum,
    - 0.1% by weight to 5.0% by weight tungsten,
    - 0.1% by weight to 5.0% by weight of at least one element selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, rhodium and iridium,
    - 2% by weight to 15% by weight of at least one element selected from the group consisting of indium, gallium, germanium, tin and zinc, and
    - 0.5% by weight to 40% by weight silver and/or copper.
  2. Platinum alloy for jewellery according to Claim 1, characterized in that the platinum content is between 60% by weight and 70% by weight, preferably between 60% by weight and 65% by weight and in particular between 60% by weight and 62% by weight.
  3. Platinum alloy for jewellery according to Claim 1 or Claim 2, characterized in that the tungsten content is between 0.1% by weight and 3% by weight, preferably between 0.5% by weight and 1.5% by weight.
  4. Platinum alloy for jewellery according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ruthenium, rhodium and/or iridium content is 0.1% by weight to 1% by weight, preferably 0.1% by weight to 0.5% by weight.
  5. Platinum alloy for jewellery according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the element from the group consisting of ruthenium, rhodium and iridium is preferably ruthenium.
  6. Platinum alloy for jewellery according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the indium, gallium, germanium, tin and/or zinc content is 2% by weight to 6% by weight, preferably 2% by weight to 4% by weight.
  7. Platinum alloy for jewellery according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the element from the group consisting of indium, gallium, germanium, tin and/or zinc is preferably indium.
  8. Platinum alloy for jewellery according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the silver and/or copper content is 30% by weight to 40% by weight, preferably 32% by weight to 38% by weight.
  9. Platinum alloy for jewellery according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the element from the group consisting of silver and copper is preferably copper.
  10. Platinum alloy for jewellery according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the alloy comprises the constituents platinum, tungsten, ruthenium, indium and copper.
  11. Platinum alloy for jewellery according to one of the preceding claims, in particular according to Claim 10, characterized in that the alloy consists of
    - 60% by weight to 62% by weight platinum,
    - 0.5% by weight to 1.5% by weight tungsten,
    - 0.1% by weight to 0.5% by weight ruthenium,
    - 2% by weight to 4% by weight indium, and
    - 32% by weight to 38% by weight copper.
  12. Platinum alloy for jewellery according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the alloy is palladium-free.
  13. Platinum alloy for jewellery according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the alloy has a melting interval of below 1350°C.
  14. Semifinished product for the production of jewellery, characterized in that this semifinished product is produced at least partially, preferably completely, from an alloy according to one of the preceding claims.
  15. Semifinished product according to Claim 14, characterized in that this semifinished product is a tubular or annular semifinished product.
  16. Process for producing a platinum alloy for jewellery according to one of Claims 1 to 13, characterized in that at least one master alloy is produced from at least two of the elements of which the alloy consists, and then this master alloy is melted together with the other elements and/or master alloys to form the alloy according to the invention.
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DE200910017398 DE102009017398A1 (en) 2009-04-07 2009-04-07 Platinum jewelery alloy
PCT/EP2010/054408 WO2010115839A1 (en) 2009-04-07 2010-04-01 Platinum jewelry alloy

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DE202018104717U1 (en) 2018-08-16 2018-08-30 Egf - Eduard G. Fidel Gmbh jewelry body
DE202022002098U1 (en) 2022-09-21 2024-01-16 Bauer-Walser AG Platinum alloy, especially platinum jewelry alloy

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RU2645624C1 (en) * 2017-02-21 2018-02-26 Открытое акционерное общество "Красноярский завод цветных металлов имени В.Н. Гулидова" Jewelry alloy of 585 platinum for micro-casting
RU2650220C1 (en) * 2017-02-21 2018-04-11 Открытое акционерное общество "Красноярский завод цветных металлов имени В.Н. Гулидова" 585 platinum jewellery alloy
DE102019213587A1 (en) * 2019-09-06 2021-03-11 Heimerle + Meule Gmbh Platinum jewelry alloy
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DE202016101015U1 (en) 2016-02-26 2016-03-07 Egf - Eduard G. Fidel Gmbh jewelry body
DE202018104717U1 (en) 2018-08-16 2018-08-30 Egf - Eduard G. Fidel Gmbh jewelry body
DE202022002098U1 (en) 2022-09-21 2024-01-16 Bauer-Walser AG Platinum alloy, especially platinum jewelry alloy

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