EP2255432A1 - Machine électrique avec un rotor et procédé de fonctionnement de la machine électrique - Google Patents

Machine électrique avec un rotor et procédé de fonctionnement de la machine électrique

Info

Publication number
EP2255432A1
EP2255432A1 EP09719683A EP09719683A EP2255432A1 EP 2255432 A1 EP2255432 A1 EP 2255432A1 EP 09719683 A EP09719683 A EP 09719683A EP 09719683 A EP09719683 A EP 09719683A EP 2255432 A1 EP2255432 A1 EP 2255432A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotor
electrical machine
radius
conductor loops
signal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09719683A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Faber
Gerald Roos
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2255432A1 publication Critical patent/EP2255432A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
    • H02K23/66—Structural association with auxiliary electric devices influencing the characteristic of, or controlling, the machine, e.g. with impedances or switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
    • H02K23/40—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by the arrangement of the magnet circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
    • H02K23/26—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by the armature windings
    • H02K23/30—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by the armature windings having lap or loop windings

Definitions

  • Electric machine with a rotor and method for operating the electric machine
  • the invention relates to an electric machine with a rotor, and a method for operating the electric machine according to the preamble of the independent claims.
  • EP 0 917 755 B1 discloses a commutation device of a direct-current motor in which brushes rest against a contact surface of lamellae of a commutator.
  • an electronic circuit detects the frequency of the ripple of the motor current in order to determine a measure of the rotational speed of the electric motor.
  • the edges of the commutator blades on a certain angle to the longitudinal axis of the commutator, or to the edges of the brushes are very expensive to produce and offers no possibility to produce a frequency of the ripple, which is smaller than the groove frequency.
  • the alternating component of the current signal for speed detection is evaluated.
  • the ripple of this signal is generated by several causes. A big part of the ripple has the
  • the current signal indicates the number of slots and their multiples.
  • the order of the smallest common multiple of number of slots and number of magnet poles usually dominates.
  • This ripple is caused in the lower speed range (lower speeds) and under heavy load by the variation of the armature resistance about the commutation. Near the idle speed and low current, the ripple is generated by the variation of the induced voltage caused by the coil windings in the magnetic field.
  • the ripple in the time course of the current signal is caused by both effects. Both effects can be out of phase with each other and eliminate each other at different operating points, so that the groove order and their multiples in the course of the current on the motor characteristic vary significantly and can disappear.
  • a method for operating such a machine with the features of the independent claims have the advantage that a predetermined torque ripple can be selectively generated by the formation of a variable radius over the circumference of the rotor.
  • This torque ripple generated by the variation of the rotor diameter can be made to be in phase with a torque ripple caused by the configuration of the coils of the rotor winding.
  • the modulation of the radius can be generated by varying the radial length of the rotor webs.
  • two adjacent - rotor bars in the range of 0.05 to 0.2 mm is particularly advantageous.
  • the rotor is made of individual magnetically conductive laminations, which are connected to each other axially.
  • the lamellar plates, in particular with the rotor blades of different lengths, can be inexpensively formed as stamped parts.
  • the electric machine is formed with a two- or four-pole stator, wherein the rotor has, for example, 8, 10, 14 or 18 rotor bars with the same number of rotor grooves located therebetween.
  • a commutator On the rotor, a commutator is arranged, which is connected to the individual coils of the electrical winding. At the commutator are two or more
  • the number of individual conductor loops of the various coils is preferably sinusoidally varied via the commutation circulation. In combination with the preferably sinusoidal variation of the rotor radius over its circumference, the torque ripple can be minimized.
  • the modulation of the rotor radius is advantageously formed in phase with the variation of the number of individual conductor loops of the coils.
  • the method according to the invention for operating the electric machine is preferably used for the formation of an anti-jamming function in which it is intended to prevent jamming of obstacles between a part to be adjusted and a fixed stop.
  • at least one parameter characteristic of the anti-trap system is determined from the variable motor current signal, which is used to detect a
  • Pinching event is compared with a limit value.
  • Figure 1 a first embodiment of a rotor according to the invention with a schematic representation of the change of the rotor radius
  • FIG. 2 shows a further exemplary embodiment of an electrical machine together with a schematic number of conductor loops.
  • FIG. 1 shows a rotor 18 of an electric machine 12, which is designed, for example, as a DC motor 14.
  • the rotor 18 has a rotor shaft 16 on which an armature 19 is rotatably mounted, which is formed for example as a disk pack 26, which consists of individual axially joined lamellae 27 consists.
  • the rotor 18 has a radius 62 extending from an axis 17 of the rotor shaft 16 to an outer peripheral surface 64 of the rotor 18.
  • FIG. 1 shows, in the alternative, a peripheral circle 66 which has a radius 67 which corresponds to a maximum radius 68 of the rotor 18.
  • the radius 62 is over the circumference of the
  • Rotor 18 is not constant, but varies over the circumference, so that there is a variable length difference 70 of the radius 62.
  • the variation of this length difference 70 is preferably sinusoidal or cosinusoidal over the circumference of the rotor 18.
  • a maximum 72 of the radius 62 results at 0 ° and 180 ° and a minimum 73 of the radius 62 at 90 ° and 270 °.
  • Such a variation of the radius 62 with two maxima 72 is preferred for an electric machine 12 used with two magnetic poles 32 of a stator 34.
  • the rotor 18 has radially extending rotor webs 76, between which grooves 24 for winding coils 30 are arranged.
  • the rotor webs 76 have, for example, at their radially outer end pole pieces 78, the radially outer surface 79 of the peripheral surface 64 of the rotor 18 form.
  • the rotor webs 76 have a different radial length 77 whose difference corresponds to the length difference 70 of the modulation of the radius 62.
  • the third rotor bar 81 has the same length 77 as the fourth rotor bar 82, both of which are arranged symmetrically to the minimum 73 of the radius modulation at 90 °.
  • the variation of the radius 62 over the circumference of the rotor 18 may be continuous, or in discrete steps corresponding to the number of rotor bars 76.
  • the rotor 18 is shown in a coordinate system, resulting in, for example, a radius 62 of 14 mm (0.014 m).
  • the total variation of the radius 62 is preferably between 0.05 and 0.2 mm, wherein the magnitude of the length difference 70 of two adjacent rotor bars 76 in the illustrated ten rotor bars 76 in Figure 1 is about 0.05 mm.
  • the magnitude of the length difference 70 of two adjacent rotor bars 76 in the illustrated ten rotor bars 76 in Figure 1 is about 0.05 mm.
  • FIG. 2 shows a further exemplary embodiment, in which the electric machine 12 has a stator 34 with a magnetic ring 46 which has four magnetic poles 32 with a pole pitch angle 50 of approximately 90 °.
  • the magnetic ring 46 is formed for example as a closed circumferential ring, so that the individual magnetic poles 32 seamlessly merge into one another.
  • the rotor 18 is arranged with a gap 35 to the stator 34, which is for example 0.3 to 0.6 mm.
  • a commutator 20 is arranged, on which according to the number of magnetic poles 32 as many brush 28 (for example, four) abut.
  • the sinusoidal change in the number of conductor loops in the order of the successively commutated coils 30 is shown schematically in the lower half of the figure.
  • the number of conductor loops 36 per coil 30 varies between 10 and 13, with each successively commutated coil 30 being changed by only one conductor loop 36.
  • a commutation phase extends over seven commutation states, which together form one period of the sine curve 60.
  • the sequence of successively commutated coils 30 according to the sinusoid 60 in this case is not coincident with the sequence of coils 30 with respect to the circumference of the rotor 18.
  • the coils 30 are each formed in this embodiment as two symmetrical coil sections 29 which mirror each other geometrically parallel to each other are arranged to an imaginary plane through the rotor axis 17.
  • the two coil sections 29 are also electrically connected in parallel and connected to the same commutator bars 22, so that the two coil sections 29 together with respect to the magnetic poles 32 of the stator 34 as a single coil 30 act.
  • a concrete coil 53 in which the first sub-coil 29 is wound between the first and fourth groove 24 in a clockwise direction, and the second sub-coil 29 is wound between the eighth and the eleventh groove 24.
  • This consists of two partial coils 29
  • existing coil 53 has thirteen conductor loops 36 each.
  • the clockwise successive coils 30 of the rotor 18 each consist of 11, 10, 12, 12, 10, 11 conductor loops 36.
  • the commutator 20 has fourteen commutator bars 22 which are connected to the seven coils 30 - consisting of fourteen partial coils
  • the radius 62 of the rotor 18 also has four maxima 72 (0 °, 90 °, 180 °, 270 °) and four minima 73 (45 °, 135 °, 225 °).
  • the modulation of the radius 62 is in turn approximately sinusoidal, such that it acts in phase reversal to the approximately sinusoidal change in the number of conductor loops of the coils 30 in Kommutatorab shadow.
  • the differences in length 70 of the individual rotor webs 76 essentially correlate to the illustrated sinusoid 60 of the change in the number of conductor loops 36.
  • the rotor webs 76 with the pole shoes 78 are shaped in such a way that the coils 30 can be wound directly onto the grooves 24 of the rotor 18.
  • the motor current signal flowing through the brushes 28 and the commutator 20 is evaluated with respect to its ripple, and from this a signal is obtained, which determines the rotational speed or
  • Period duration of the rotor rotation represents.
  • the motor current signal is supplied to an electronic unit 40, which has an anti-pinch function 44.
  • this is the speed representing
  • the measured values which are preferably read in at the frequency of the current ripple according to the invention, are compared with one another in order to detect a drop in rotational speed.
  • the speed representing the speed Signal or its change compared with a predetermined value, so that a certain threshold for a closing force or a spring rate can be adjusted.
  • the rotor 18 can be composed of individual stamped sheets or made in one piece, wherein the radius 62 can be changed over the circumference continuously or in discrete steps.
  • Formation of the magnetic poles 32, the rotor webs 76 and the grooves 24 can be adapted to the particular application, in particular the respective power requirement.
  • the electric machine 12 may also be designed as an external rotor.
  • the winding method of the coils 30 can be varied, for example, single-tooth windings are used, the number of conductor loops is modulated according to the invention. Accordingly, then the modulation of the radius 62 is adjusted over the circumference to compensate for the torque ripple.
  • the electric machine 12 is preferably used for actuators in the motor vehicle, for example for the adjustment of seat parts, windows and covers of openings- is not limited to such applications.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Dc Machiner (AREA)
  • Windings For Motors And Generators (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une machine électrique (12), en particulier pour le déplacement motorisé d'une pièce mobile dans un véhicule automobile, ainsi qu'un procédé de fonctionnement d'une telle machine, avec un stator (34) et un rotor (18) possédant un rayon (62), ce rayon (62) variant sur le périmètre du rotor (18).
EP09719683A 2008-03-12 2009-02-09 Machine électrique avec un rotor et procédé de fonctionnement de la machine électrique Withdrawn EP2255432A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200810000624 DE102008000624A1 (de) 2008-03-12 2008-03-12 Elektrische Maschine mit einem Rotor, sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben der elektrischen Maschine
PCT/EP2009/051433 WO2009112317A1 (fr) 2008-03-12 2009-02-09 Machine électrique avec un rotor et procédé de fonctionnement de la machine électrique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2255432A1 true EP2255432A1 (fr) 2010-12-01

Family

ID=40651640

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09719683A Withdrawn EP2255432A1 (fr) 2008-03-12 2009-02-09 Machine électrique avec un rotor et procédé de fonctionnement de la machine électrique

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2255432A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2011514136A (fr)
CN (1) CN101971467B (fr)
DE (1) DE102008000624A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009112317A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016204854A1 (de) * 2016-03-23 2017-09-28 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Ermittlung eines Kurzschlussstroms in den Phasen einer mittels eines Wechselrichters angesteuerten E-Maschine
CN106401361B (zh) * 2016-10-31 2018-11-30 芜湖美智空调设备有限公司 一种可防夹手的开关门运动机构及空调器

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007036253A1 (de) * 2007-08-02 2009-02-05 Robert Bosch Gmbh Elektrische Maschine mit in Nuten angeordneten Leiterschleifen, sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben der elektrschen Maschine

Family Cites Families (14)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5978854U (ja) * 1982-11-17 1984-05-28 株式会社安川電機 電動機
JPH0424766Y2 (fr) * 1987-06-19 1992-06-11
JP2559450Y2 (ja) * 1990-11-16 1998-01-19 神鋼電機株式会社 三相交流回転電機の電機子のスロットの形状
JPH0556614A (ja) * 1991-08-21 1993-03-05 Shibaura Eng Works Co Ltd 電動機
JPH09182325A (ja) * 1995-12-22 1997-07-11 Toshiba Corp 永久磁石形モータ
DE19631828A1 (de) 1996-08-07 1998-02-12 Bosch Gmbh Robert Kommutierungsvorrichtung für Gleichstrommotor
JP3790601B2 (ja) * 1997-05-02 2006-06-28 日本電産サンキョー株式会社 モータ
JPH1169668A (ja) * 1997-08-08 1999-03-09 Toshiba Corp 外転形モータの固定子鉄心
JP3844577B2 (ja) * 1997-12-05 2006-11-15 日産自動車株式会社 回転機
JPH11178298A (ja) * 1997-12-15 1999-07-02 Toshiba Corp 永久磁石形モータの固定子鉄心及び永久磁石形モータ
DE10261760A1 (de) * 2002-12-19 2004-07-15 Danfoss Compressors Gmbh Rotor für einen Elektromotor
DE102004012925A1 (de) * 2004-03-17 2005-10-06 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Wicklungsträgers für eine elektrische Maschine
JP2007236170A (ja) * 2006-03-03 2007-09-13 Asmo Co Ltd 回転電機の回転数測定方法及び回転電機の回転数測定装置
DE102006015392A1 (de) * 2006-04-03 2007-10-04 Robert Bosch Gmbh Antriebs- und Auswerteeinrichtung

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007036253A1 (de) * 2007-08-02 2009-02-05 Robert Bosch Gmbh Elektrische Maschine mit in Nuten angeordneten Leiterschleifen, sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben der elektrschen Maschine

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of WO2009112317A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102008000624A1 (de) 2009-09-17
CN101971467A (zh) 2011-02-09
JP2011514136A (ja) 2011-04-28
WO2009112317A1 (fr) 2009-09-17
CN101971467B (zh) 2013-11-20

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