EP2253184A1 - Referenzsignal-verteilung - Google Patents
Referenzsignal-verteilungInfo
- Publication number
- EP2253184A1 EP2253184A1 EP09716936A EP09716936A EP2253184A1 EP 2253184 A1 EP2253184 A1 EP 2253184A1 EP 09716936 A EP09716936 A EP 09716936A EP 09716936 A EP09716936 A EP 09716936A EP 2253184 A1 EP2253184 A1 EP 2253184A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- signal
- clock signal
- phase
- clock
- optical
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 112
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008844 regulatory mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
- H05H7/02—Circuits or systems for supplying or feeding radio-frequency energy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and a system for the synchronization of cavities in an accelerator and in particular also for the synchronization of devices which are arranged at different locations but whose functions have to be precisely timed to one another in terms of their functions.
- a circular accelerator is a synchrotron.
- the particles are guided through a magnetic field on a circular path with a nearly constant radius and accelerated in a phase-synchronous manner on acceleration sections by a high-frequency alternating electric field.
- the alternating electric fields are by a temporary application of the corresponding acceleration voltages to the Cavities generated.
- the phases of the alternating field at the cavities must be coordinated accordingly. However, this is not only crucial for the guidance or acceleration of the particles on a circular path but also for a particle transfer.
- Particulate transfer may be the feeding of the particles into the synchrotron, for example from an ion source or a pre-accelerator.
- clock signals are provided by clocks.
- the distance of the reference points, in relation to each other and to the clocks, can amount to up to several kilometers depending on the size of the system.
- the frequency or the clock with which the corresponding voltages are applied to the cavities is generated directly at the cavities in each case by means of a frequency generator which is controlled by the clock signal.
- phase positions of the clock signals at the individual reference points must be precisely matched, less than about 500 ps, to one another.
- the phase positions should be substantially identical or phase-synchronous in the time average.
- the phase fluctuations between the reference points should be low. This also means short-term fluctuations of the phase, the so-called phase jitter.
- the clock signals at the various reference points are essentially all to be synchronized. For this purpose, it is necessary to provide a synchronized clock signal or synchronization signal. So far, this same length lines are used.
- optical fibers are used to transmit the signals. The particular advantages of optical transmission are the low transmission losses and the insensitivity to electromagnetic interference.
- the basis for the optical communication form essentially light-emitting transmitter or transmitter oscillators, for example, internally or externally modulated laser diodes, glass fibers and receivers, for example photodiodes, possibly with amplifiers. It is tried in the known systems to obtain a stable phase as possible clock signal distribution.
- a high frequency synchronized clock signal is transmitted from 300 MHz to over 10 GHz.
- the phase angles at different reference points are not identical.
- the transit times and thus the phase angles fluctuate as a result of environmental influences. Wired
- phase angles change at different reference points.
- the lines must be remeasured in time intervals, in particular also depending on the season and thus thermal changes.
- the transmission also adds noise to the clock signals, which can also cause jitter.
- One approach is to arrange a radio-opaque mirror in the transmission link between the clock and the reference point, which partially reflects the clock signal.
- the transmitted and the reflected signal are thus identical.
- By means of an interference is closed to the length of the transmission path.
- such a system is stable only for one phase.
- the present invention has therefore set itself the task of providing a method and a system for synchronization, which at least reduce the disadvantages of the prior art described above.
- phase positions at the reference points preferably in such a way that they are substantially identical on average and / or short-term phase fluctuations can be kept small.
- this adjustment or correction during operation.
- a method for synchronizing devices which are arranged on at least two reference points, in particular of cavities in an accelerator, comprises the following method steps:
- a method for synchronizing devices which are arranged on at least two reference points, in particular of cavities in an accelerator, comprises the following method steps:
- Receiving unit which is assigned to the first reference point
- a second receiving unit which is assigned to the second reference point
- a system for synchronizing devices, which are arranged at at least two reference points, in particular cavities in an accelerator, comprising the following components: a clock for providing a clock signal of at least one optical wavelength, which at least a first reference point via an optical A receiving unit for receiving the clock signal, which is associated with the first reference point, means for providing a measurement signal of at least one optical wavelength, which differs from the optical wavelength of the clock signal, a coupling device for coupling the following components: a clock for providing a clock signal of at least one optical wavelength, which at least a first reference point via an optical A receiving unit for receiving the clock signal, which is associated with the first reference point, means for providing a measurement signal of at least one optical wavelength, which differs from the optical wavelength of the clock signal, a coupling device for coupling the
- Measuring signal in the first optical line for transmitting the clock signal a reflector, which is associated with the receiving unit, for wavelength-selective reflection, so that the measurement signal is reflected, a device for coupling the reflected measurement signal from the optical line, a receiving device for receiving the decoupled reflected Measuring signal, means for determining the transit time on the optical line from the coupled measurement signal and the decoupled reflected measurement signal and
- the system according to the invention is in particular designed for carrying out the method according to the invention.
- the methods according to the invention are preferably executable by means of the system according to the invention.
- exactly one clock is provided. It is a central clock to which preferably all reference points are synchronized.
- the clock may also represent the second reference point in one embodiment.
- Synchronization is understood to mean that the devices positioned at the different locations or reference points are timed to one another in terms of their functions.
- the distribution of the clock signals preferably takes place via a star-shaped optical network.
- the clock signal is a modulated signal.
- the actual information of the clock signal is in its phase.
- the phase positions of the clock signals or the position of the phases of the clock signals to each other should be matched to each other at the individual reference points.
- the clock signals are "fed" by the central clock.
- a control signal is provided in addition to the clock signal.
- the control signal which is also referred to below as the update signal, is a signal which is assigned to the clock signal.
- the control signal has an optical wavelength that is different from the optical wavelength of the clock signal and the optical wavelength of the measurement signal.
- the control signal makes it possible to execute the functions to be synchronized from a definable period of the clock signal.
- the control signal is in particular a signal for controlling the synchronization of the cavities.
- the device for providing the clock signal and / or the control signal comprises a laser. If the clock signal and / or the control signal still have to be modulated, then the means for providing the clock signal and / or the control signal also comprises a preferably frequency-variable modulator.
- the measuring signal is preferably also provided modulated.
- the measurement signal can be applied continuously or configured as a pulse.
- the optical wavelength of the measurement signal differs from the optical wavelengths of the clock signal in that it can be separated from the clock signal accordingly.
- the minimum distance to the wavelengths of the clock signal is 1.6 nm. If the measuring signal is provided with only one optical wavelength, preferably a change in the transmission path, for example also a change in the dispersion, can be observed or determined directly. If, for example, the dispersion of the track is also to be determined directly, then the measurement signal is provided with at least two different optical wavelengths. This is particularly advantageous if the fiber is measured for the first time.
- the device for providing the measurement signal is designed in one embodiment to provide at least one wavelength, preferably of at least two different wavelengths.
- the means for providing the measurement signal comprises a laser.
- the measurement signal is provided at a modulation frequency f M.
- the modulation can already be done internally in a laser. If the measurement signal, for example by a CW laser, is provided substantially constant in amplitude and frequency or if it is to be further modulated, then the means for providing the measurement signal comprises a preferably frequency-variable modulator.
- the initial modulation frequency f M of the measurement signal is adapted to the length of the fiber.
- the initial frequency describes the frequency with which a first "rough" measurement of the transit time first takes place.
- the initial modulation frequency f M is adapted to the boundary condition of 1 / f M greater than approximately twice the transit time of the measurement signal.
- the modulation frequency of the measurement signal is increased to improve accuracy or resolution, preferably in discrete steps. In the current Operation, the modulation frequency of the measurement signal is then kept substantially constant.
- the generated measurement signal is divided by a divider for splitting the measurement signal into at least two components before being coupled into the fiber, and a first component is coupled into the fiber and a second component is provided for comparing the coupled component with the reflected component.
- the coupling device for coupling or connecting the measurement signal into the fiber in one embodiment comprises a multiplexer.
- the coupled-in signal is then routed via the line or the transmission path which is to be measured or monitored.
- the measuring signal is reflected at the reflector.
- the measuring signal can be reflected substantially completely or only partially.
- the reflector is a
- Fiber Bragg Grating or Reflector includes Fiber Bragg Grating.
- the reflector is transparent to the wavelengths of the clock signal and the control signal so that the clock signal and the control signal can pass through the reflector.
- the reflector is associated with the receiving unit.
- the measurement signal runs back and is decoupled from the line again by means of the coupling device for decoupling the measurement signal.
- the measuring signal is decoupled after it has run back substantially completely over the transmission path.
- the coupling device for decoupling the measurement signal comprises a demultiplexer or the Coupling device for decoupling the measurement signal is a demultiplexer.
- the coupling device for coupling the measurement signal and the coupling device for coupling out the measurement signal are arranged in a component or are provided by a component.
- the coupling device for coupling the measurement signal and the coupling device for decoupling the measurement signal is an ADD / DROP multiplexer.
- the measurement signal provided and the coupled-out measurement signal via a switch, which is designed in particular as a circulator, the input device or the receiving device, which is preferably assigned to the means for determining the transit time supplied.
- the receiving device is designed to receive the reflected measuring signal. However, it can also have means for determining the transit time from the coupled measuring signal and the decoupled measuring signal. However, these means can also be arranged in another component. In detail, the means may be designed to compare the phase of the coupled measurement signal with the phase of the decoupled measurement signal. The runtime is then determined from this comparison.
- the receiving device is part of a measuring device, which preferably comprises a network analyzer.
- the network analyzer is designed to measure the phases and / or to determine the transit time. The group delay of the measuring signal is measured. By determining the duration of the measuring signal, it is possible to conclude the phase with which the Clock signal and / or the control signal is applied to the receiving unit or arrives.
- the functions generating the measurement signal and / or dividing the measurement signal and / or transmitting the measurement signal and / or providing the measurement signal and / or receiving the measurement signal and / or comparing and / or determining the transit time and / or the dispersion can substantially in one embodiment provided by the measuring device or the network analyzer.
- the delay information is used to adjust the phase of the clock signal and / or the control signal at the reference point.
- the phase positions of the clock signal and / or of the control signal at the individual reference points are matched or synchronized with one another.
- the phase positions are synchronized in particular to the common clock source.
- the phase of the clock signal may be adjusted or conditioned prior to being coupled into the transmission path, so that a change in the phase due to the transmission is substantially compensated.
- the phase of the clock signal after the transmission preferably in the receiving unit, adapted in such a way or regenerated taking into account the transit time, so that a change of the information signal due to the transmission is substantially compensated or so that the phase of the clock signal is adapted to the phase of a clock signal at another reference point.
- the means for adjusting or correcting the phase comprises a frequency generator, preferably a DDS ("Direct Digital Synthesis"), an optical delay, an optical phase shifter, a fiber stretcher and / or a PLL (Phase Locked Loop). ).
- the corrected clock signal or the synchronized clock signal is used directly to control the high voltage to be applied to the cavity. In a further embodiment generates
- Frequency generator which is also referred to as a clock regenerator, with the aid of the received clock signal and the delay information, a phase-synchronous and phase-stable clock signal.
- the clock signals at the respective reference points or in the respective branches of a network relate to the same original clock signal.
- the one clock signal is split and fed to the individual reference points.
- the clock signal is preferably provided by a single clock.
- the accuracy of the transit time measurement and the correction of the phase positions of the clock signals is also dependent on the accuracy or fluctuation range of the respective modulation frequency.
- Control signal on the same time base or derived from the same time base.
- the modulation of the clock signal and the modulation of the measurement signal and in particular, the modulation of the control signal are fed by a clock or an oscillator.
- the measuring signal is thus independent of the clock signal. It is a very good channel separation possible. In addition, improved signal-to-noise ratios are achieved.
- the correction of the phase position is preferably carried out with a special frequency generator, the DDS.
- Other clock distribution systems compensate for the
- the stroke of these phase shifters is limited. At low clock rates, the phase deviation might not be sufficient.
- the frequency generator used according to an embodiment is not substantially limited in this respect. In principle, the phase can always be set essentially as desired.
- phase-stable but also phase-synchronous clock signals can be provided at the individual reference points.
- the methods according to the invention are also methods for controlling the phase position and the system is a control system for controlling the phase position.
- Even relatively low-frequency clock signals preferably having a frequency in a range of about 10 kHz to about 10 MHz, can be transmitted with high phase accuracy. This is not possible, for example, if the clock signal is identical to the measurement signal.
- the phase accuracy can be defined by the phase offset at the individual reference points.
- the invention achieves accuracy in the range of about 500 ps to about 0.1 ps.
- the invention is particularly suitable for the synchronization of cavities in accelerator systems. Therefore, within the scope of the invention is also a particle accelerator with at least one of the systems described above. However, the invention is also suitable for systems or systems which require a distribution of clock signals with the aim to provide substantially on average identical or synchronized phase positions at different spatially separated reference points. It is thus also suitable for all systems whose function is precisely timed to each other and in particular require a phase relationship to each other. In addition to the above application for the transmission of phase-stable clock signals in accelerator systems, is also a
- radio telescope systems Therefore, an arrangement of radio telescopes with at least one of the systems described above is also within the scope of the present invention.
- the methods and system of the present invention are for wired
- FIG 1 illustrates basic aspects of the task of the invention.
- FIG 2 shows schematically the timing of the clock signal and the control signal.
- Figure 3 illustrates basic aspects of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 explains the principle on which the invention is based at several reference points.
- FIG. 5 illustrates the necessary interfaces for carrying out the present invention.
- FIG. 6 schematically shows the system design on the basis of FIG
- Figure 7 illustrates the system design for a plurality of transmission branches.
- FIG. 8 illustrates the measurement of the transit time of the measurement signal on the transmission path or on a transmission path of a network branch.
- FIG. 9 schematically shows the phase correction or
- Phase matching in a transmission link in a branch of a network Phase matching in a transmission link in a branch of a network.
- Figure 10 shows the measured phase offset as a function of time.
- FIG. 11 illustrates the relationship between the transmitted clock signal and the transmitted control signal and the signals processed in the DDS.
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates the components required to carry out the invention.
- the aim of the invention is to provide a clock signal ⁇ i, which is provided by a central clock 1, at different spatially separated points, which are also referred to as reference points 3 and 3a.
- the distance of the reference points 3 and 3a to the clock 1 can be up to 2 kilometers, preferably also beyond.
- the actual information of the clock signals ⁇ i lies in their phases ⁇ Ref .
- the phase positions ⁇ Ref of the clock signals ⁇ i to each other should be at the different reference points 3 and 3a in time average substantially identical or phase-synchronous.
- the phases ⁇ Ref have a fluctuation range. This should move within a tolerance range.
- the clock signals ⁇ i at the various reference points 3 and 3a which are illustrated here by the receiving units 4 and 4a, are all to be synchronized to a common clock source 1.
- phase angle ⁇ Ref of the incoming clock signals ⁇ i will vary as a function of the different transit times necessary for the transmission.
- Phase positions ⁇ Ref at different reference points 3 and 3a are not identical.
- FIG. 2 shows schematically the time course of the clock signal ⁇ i, which is referred to in the figure as "Clock", and the control signal X 2 , which in the figure as
- the phase ⁇ Ref of the clock signal ⁇ i contains the required time information.
- Figure 3 illustrates basic aspects of the present invention. Shown is an arrangement of components in a transmission branch of an optical network. From a transmission unit 2, the clock signal ⁇ i is provided with a phase position ⁇ Ref and sent via a transmission path 2a to a receiving unit 4. Optical fibers 2a form the transmission path 2a. The phase angle ⁇ Ref of the clock signal ⁇ i at the receiving unit 4 is dependent on the transit time on the transmission path 2a. The term is denoted by the Greek letter t. The transit time ⁇ on the transmission path 2a is detected in parallel with a measuring device 5 for time measurement. This information is provided by the device 5 of the receiving unit 4. Under
- Receiving unit 4 the phase position ⁇ Ref of the clock signal ⁇ i and sends the clock signal ⁇ i with adjusted or synchronized phase ⁇ Ref to a digital RF frequency generator 6 ("RF-Direct Digital Synthesizer") .This then controls the cavity 7, eg. By measuring the transit time ⁇ , essentially any transit time variation, for example induced by heating, can essentially be completely detected and compensated
- Transmission unit 2 and / or the clock 1, not shown, and the measuring device 5 are derived from the same time base 60, preferably designed as an oscillator. It is, for example, a 10 MHz oscillator. However, the time base powered devices can independently generate other frequencies.
- FIG. 4 explains the principle on which the invention is based at a plurality of reference points 3, which in the present case are arranged in a star-shaped distribution or in a network. From a transmission unit 2, the clock signal ⁇ i with the phase ⁇ Ref on several
- the phase angle ⁇ Ref of the clock signals ⁇ i on the individual lines change relative to each other.
- the phase ⁇ ref of a clock signal ⁇ i on a line 2a is dependent on the transit time ⁇ on the line 2a to the respective receiving unit 4.
- the measurement of the respective transit time ⁇ on the transmission path 2a is detected by the measuring device 5.
- the individual transit times ⁇ are made available to the respective receiving unit 4. Taking into account the respective transit time ⁇ , the respective receiving unit 4 is able to adapt the phase ⁇ Re f of the received clock signal ⁇ i.
- the phases ⁇ R ⁇ f of the individual clock signals ⁇ i are matched to one another.
- the receiving units 4 in turn send, preferably newly generated, clock signals ⁇ i whose phase positions ⁇ R ⁇ f are matched to each other, whose phase position ⁇ Ref are preferably substantially identical to the individual digital RF frequency generators 6. These are assigned to the corresponding cavities 7. According to the invention, only one transmission unit 2 and only one measuring device 5 are used for time measurement. As a result, systematic errors can be avoided.
- FIG. 5 illustrates the necessary interfaces for carrying out the present invention. From a central Reference or clock source 1 becomes the clock signal ⁇ i and a
- Control signal ⁇ 2 provided. These are combined in a multiplex process, transmitted and separated again in a demultiplexing process. Due to possible different transit times ⁇ on the individual
- Phases of the signals ⁇ i and ⁇ 2 are synchronized again at the individual reference points.
- the phase angles are substantially identical or substantially identical in average.
- Signals ⁇ i and ⁇ 2 are thus also synchronized signals. These are supplied at the respective reference points to the respective RF frequency generators.
- FIG. 6 schematically shows the system design on the basis of FIG
- the transmission unit 2 includes a device 21, which is described with TxI, a device 22, which is described with Tx2 and an optical multiplexer 23.
- the devices 21 and 22 each symbolize a transmitter, for example, in each case a laser for generating the clock signal ⁇ i and the control signal ⁇ 2 . This can for
- An embodiment of a laser is z. B. a WDM laser. This provides, for example, the following optical frequencies v: ⁇ i: 193.2 THz and X 2 : 193.4 THz and ⁇ M : 193.6 THz.
- the clock signal ⁇ i is provided, for example, at a modulation frequency of 200 MHz.
- the preferred modulation frequencies of the clock signal ⁇ i are in a range of about 10 MHz to about 1 GHz.
- the preferred modulation frequencies for the control signal X 2 are in a range of about 10 kHz to about 10 kHz.
- the control signal X 2 is used to synchronize the modulation frequencies of the measurement signal ⁇ M .
- Clock signal ⁇ i and is preferably provided with a frequency of about 100 kHz.
- the clock signal ⁇ i and the control signal X 2 are supplied to the optical multiplexer 23.
- the two signals are combined or bundled in the multiplexer 23. These will become one
- the measurement signal ⁇ M is coupled into the transmission path 2a.
- the clock signal ⁇ i, the control signal X 2 and the measurement signal ⁇ M are supplied via the transmission path 2 a to the reception unit 4 or the optical reception unit 4.
- the measurement signal ⁇ M is reflected at a reflector 41, in the present case provided as a fiber Bragg grating 41.
- the reflector 41 is transparent to the optical
- Wavelengths of the clock signal ⁇ i and the control signal X 2 are separated again in an optical demultiplexer 42 and via separate channels of a respective processing units 43 and 44, for example one Receiver with amplifier, fed.
- the receiving unit 4 comprises the reflector 41, the multiplexer 42 and the processing units 43 and 44.
- the measuring signal ⁇ M runs back on the transmission path 2a and is decoupled from the optical line 2a in the add / drop multiplexer 8 and fed to the measuring device 5 via a switch 9.
- the coupled transmitted measuring signal ⁇ M and the reflected, coupled-out signal ⁇ M contain the information about the transit time ⁇ on the transmission path 2a between the add / drop multiplexer 8 and the optical receiving unit 4 or the reflector 41.
- Coupling and processing of the measurement signal ⁇ M be made to the description of Figure 8.
- Figure 7 illustrates the system design for a plurality of, for example 2 N , links. It symbolizes a star-shaped distribution.
- the transmission unit 2 sets the clock signal ⁇ i and the
- Control signal X 2 ready. Since the signals ⁇ i and X 2 are divided into a plurality of channels or transmission paths 2a to the individual reference points 3 or receivers 4, the signals ⁇ i and X 2 are supplied to an amplifier 10.
- the amplifier 10 in the present case is an EDFA (Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier)
- the signals ⁇ i and X 2 are each amplified in only one amplifier
- the amplified signals ⁇ i and X 2 are supplied to a splitter 11. Symbolically, the signals ⁇ i and X 2 are split into 2 N signals, and the signals ⁇ i and X 2, which are divided into the channels to the individual receivers 4, are each fed to an add / drop multiplexer 8.
- the clock signal ⁇ i and the control signal ⁇ 2 are each combined with the measurement signal ⁇ M.
- the three combined signals ⁇ i and ⁇ 2 and ⁇ M are then respectively transmitted to the optical receiving unit 4.
- the measuring signal ⁇ M is in each case after passing through the
- Reflected transmission path 2a runs back to the add / drop multiplexer 8 and is decoupled.
- the switch 9 is not shown for reasons of clarity. Between the add / drop multiplexer 8 and the respective optical receiving unit 4 optical
- Transmission links 2a with a length of up to several
- the transit time ⁇ on each channel or each transmission link 2a is measured individually by means of the measuring device 5.
- the measuring device 5 is connected to an optical switch 12.
- the measurement signal ⁇ M of each to be measured transmission path 2a is fed via the add / drop multiplexer 8 and discharged again.
- each transmission path 2a can be measured separately.
- all transmission paths 2a can also be measured in parallel.
- FIG. 8 illustrates the measurement of the transit time ⁇ of the measurement signal ⁇ M on the transmission path 2 a or on a transmission path 2 a of a network branch. It is, so to speak, an active measurement of the transit time ⁇ .
- the measurement signal ⁇ M is a separate signal which is sent over the same fiber as the clock signal ⁇ i and the control signal ⁇ 2 . It's sort of a reference measurement. This information is used to control and / or stabilize the phase position of the clock signal ⁇ M.
- the light wavelength of the measurement signal ⁇ M is first provided by a laser, which is not shown in the figure.
- the modulation frequency f M is adapted to the length of the fiber 2a.
- the initial modulation frequency f M is in a range of about 10 kHz to about 100 kHz.
- the initial modulation frequency f M is increased , preferably in discrete steps to 500 kHz and 50 MHz. It can be up to one in particular
- Modulation frequency f M are increased in a range of about 5 GHz up to 6 GHz. There are also higher modulation frequencies f M possible, up to 40 GHz, which increases the accuracy of the measurement.
- the measuring signal ⁇ M is divided and supplied to the one via the switch 9 of the coupling device 8 and fed to the other of the device 53 for measuring the phase.
- the supply to the switch 9 is represented by the illustrated
- a processing or adjustment such as a gain
- the measurement signal ⁇ M done an initially electrical measurement signal can also be converted into an optical measurement signal here, so that the component Tx 51 represents a laser and, if required, a modulator.
- the reflected signal ⁇ M is supplied to the receiver or the receiving unit Rx 52 after decoupling via the switch 9.
- the optical measurement signal ⁇ M is converted into an electrical.
- a processing or adaptation such as a gain, the reflected measurement signal ⁇ M done.
- the reflected measurement signal ⁇ M is also supplied to the device 53 for measuring the phase.
- the measurement of the transit time ⁇ can be effected, for example, by means of a phase comparison between the transmitted and the reflected signal with the aid of a phase comparator 53.
- the aforementioned components 51, 52 and 53 are preferably part of the measuring device 5.
- the measuring device 5 may also include a network analyzer 53 for measuring the phase and / or determining the transit time.
- FIG. 9 schematically shows the phase correction or phase matching in a transmission path, for example in a branch of a network. It is thus a kind of regulatory mechanism illustrated.
- a reference source 1 or a clock 1 the clock signal ⁇ i ("Clock") and the control signal ⁇ 2 ("Update") is provided.
- the clock signal ⁇ i and the control signal ⁇ 2 are passed through the fiber 2a.
- Parallel to these two signals ⁇ i and ⁇ 2 the measurement signal ⁇ M is guided on the same fiber 2 a . This is then, as already explained in detail above, reflected accordingly.
- the transit time ⁇ on the fiber 2a is then determined.
- a determination or calculation of the phase correction of both the clock signal ⁇ i and the Control signal ⁇ 2 in the device 45 for example, a computing unit 45 or a computer 45.
- the information about the required phase correction is a means or means for adjusting the phase 46 and 47 is transmitted.
- the devices 46 and 47 are here each a frequency generator, preferably a DDS ("Direct Digital Synthesis"). This can adapt to a, the phase of the clock signal and the control signal .lambda..sub.i ⁇ . 2 On the other hand, he can also from the transmitted information about the required phase correction and the received
- Clock signal ⁇ i and the received control signal ⁇ 2 generate a new clock signal and a new control signal whose phase position is synchronized respectively. These are then fed to the RF-DDS 6. The synchronization takes place to the reference points in other branches, not shown, of the network.
- Figure 10 illustrates the benefits of the present invention. Shown is the phase offset between two receivers 4 or reference points 3 as a function of
- the clock signal ⁇ i has been sent to the two receivers 4 and 4a each over about a distance of about 1 km.
- the phase position of the transmitted clock signals ⁇ i has been adapted or matched to one another by means of the present invention, in particular by means of the calculated transit time ⁇ of the measurement signal ⁇ M.
- the phase offset between the two receivers 4 and 4a is in one
- a phase offset of 0 ps would correspond to an identical phase position of two clock signals ⁇ i.
- Synchronization of cavities 7 in a synchrotron is a phase offset of less than about 500 ps.
- the achieved phase offset by means of the present invention, in particular by means of the DDS 46, 47, is thus well below the required limit.
- FIG. 11 illustrates the relationship between the transmitted clock signal ⁇ i and the clock signal provided to the cavity 7 and the relationship between the transmitted control signal ⁇ 2 and the control signal provided to the cavity 7.
- the top line describes the signals ⁇ i and ⁇ 2 received by the receivers 43 and 44.
- the bottom line describes the signals sent from the DDS 46 and 47 to the cavity 7.
- the essential relationship between the clock signal and the control signal transmitted .lambda..sub.i ⁇ 2 is that a fixed phase relationship exists between them. This is only possible if the period of the control signal ⁇ i is an integer multiple of the period of the clock signal ⁇ 2 . To ensure this, both signals must be derived from the same time base 60. If these two signals are fed to a DDS 46 and 47, a command can be applied to the DDS 46 and 47 to shift the phase position of its output signal to the next positive clock edge after the positive edge of the control signal ⁇ i by a predetermined amount.
- the phase shift results in a constant phase offset between the received clock signal and the control signal.
- the transmitted clock and control signal ⁇ i and X 2 can be seen above, in Figure 12 below the regenerated control and Clock signal.
- the phase offset between transmitted and regenerated clock signal in this example is 0 ° or 0 s.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Optical Communication System (AREA)
- Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008012980A DE102008012980A1 (de) | 2008-03-06 | 2008-03-06 | Referenzsignal-Verteilung |
| PCT/EP2009/001523 WO2009109366A1 (de) | 2008-03-06 | 2009-03-04 | Referenzsignal-verteilung |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2253184A1 true EP2253184A1 (de) | 2010-11-24 |
| EP2253184B1 EP2253184B1 (de) | 2011-12-28 |
Family
ID=40671159
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP09716936A Not-in-force EP2253184B1 (de) | 2008-03-06 | 2009-03-04 | Referenzsignal-verteilung |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2253184B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE539595T1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102008012980A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2009109366A1 (de) |
-
2008
- 2008-03-06 DE DE102008012980A patent/DE102008012980A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2009
- 2009-03-04 WO PCT/EP2009/001523 patent/WO2009109366A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2009-03-04 AT AT09716936T patent/ATE539595T1/de active
- 2009-03-04 EP EP09716936A patent/EP2253184B1/de not_active Not-in-force
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2009109366A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2253184B1 (de) | 2011-12-28 |
| DE102008012980A1 (de) | 2009-10-01 |
| ATE539595T1 (de) | 2012-01-15 |
| WO2009109366A1 (de) | 2009-09-11 |
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