EP2251088A2 - Electrostatic separator and heating system - Google Patents
Electrostatic separator and heating system Download PDFInfo
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- EP2251088A2 EP2251088A2 EP10162010A EP10162010A EP2251088A2 EP 2251088 A2 EP2251088 A2 EP 2251088A2 EP 10162010 A EP10162010 A EP 10162010A EP 10162010 A EP10162010 A EP 10162010A EP 2251088 A2 EP2251088 A2 EP 2251088A2
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- charging electrode
- heating system
- electrostatic precipitator
- electrode
- electrical insulation
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000012717 electrostatic precipitator Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005524 ceramic coating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001089 thermophoresis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001846 repelling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001674 calcium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/86—Electrode-carrying means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
- B03C3/41—Ionising-electrodes
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electrostatic precipitator, in particular for an exhaust pipe of a biomass-fired heating system, according to the preamble of claim 1. Further, the invention relates to a heating system for generating energy by burning an energy source with an electrostatic precipitator according to claim 7.
- emission control systems are used in biomass heating systems, where in addition to otherwise economic and environmental benefits increased emissions of pollutants in the exhaust gases can occur.
- particulate matter which consists essentially of different proportions of carbon, potassium and / or calcium compounds, as a pollutant content is a disadvantage in conventional biomass heating systems.
- An emission control system which is used for biomass heating systems to reduce particulate matter emission.
- the device described therein can be installed in a flue gas channel and for this purpose has a lid which can be placed gas-tight on an associated opening on a flue gas channel.
- a spray electrode for example in the form of a rod, is held over an insulating holder.
- a high-voltage transformer with rectifier function allows the construction of a high DC voltage between the wire and the lid, which is electrically connected to the furnace tube, so that it acts as a collector electrode.
- Such an electrostatic filter with a spray electrode and a collector electrode is also known as an electrostatic precipitator.
- This is used for exhaust gas purification in an exhaust pipe of a heating system. It is through the spray, which runs approximately centrally through the exhaust pipe and therefore as the center electrode is designated, and a surrounding lateral surface of the exhaust pipe, a capacitor is formed, which is also referred to as a cylindrical capacitor in a cylindrical tube-shaped design of the exhaust pipe.
- the spray or center electrode generally has a circular cross section in the flow direction of the exhaust gas, wherein the diameter of the cross section or the radius of curvature is generally formed relatively small (for example, less than 0.4 mm).
- a field extending transversely to the flow direction is formed by field lines from the center electrode to the collector electrode through the center electrode and the collector electrode formed by the lateral surface.
- a high voltage is applied to the center electrode, for example in the range of 15 kV.
- a corona discharge is formed, through which the particles flowing through the field in the exhaust gas are charged in a unipolar manner. Due to this charge, most of the particles migrate through the electrostatic Coulomb forces to the inner wall of the exhaust pipe, which serves as a collector electrode.
- an electrically conductive particle layer is formed on the high-voltage feedthrough or the insulator surrounding it, which forms the Functionality of the electrostatic precipitator, for example by voltage breakdowns, limits.
- thermophoresis In order to prevent particles from depositing on the high-voltage lead-through, a heatable particle-repelling agent is provided which effectively maintains the function of the electrostatic precipitator by means of thermophoresis.
- the object of the invention is to optimize the function and operation of an electrostatic precipitator, in particular by reducing the electrical power consumption required for heating. Further, the invention has for its object to provide a heating system with a separator according to the invention, which guarantees a reliable and effective emission control.
- the electrostatic precipitator according to the invention is characterized in that the electrode is provided with electrical insulation at least in a partial region.
- the charging electrode is provided from the side of the holder and / or the heatable Pumbleabweiseffens forth in a partial area with an electrical insulation.
- the electrical insulation is preferably an insulation layer applied to the charging electrode and / or an electrically non-conductive enveloping element around the charging electrode.
- the location of the electrical charge with respect to the heating of Pumbleabweisestoff and charging electrode moves downstream, ie farther away from the lying on ground potential ceramic insulation of the high voltage supply or the heatable Pumbleabweiseffens.
- the charging electrode in the downstream end region is extended by approximately the length of the upstream electrical insulation to compensate for the upstream elimination of the spray surface in the downstream end region.
- the heating system according to the invention for generating energy by burning an energy carrier such as biomass is characterized in that it has a fine dust emitting heating system such as a biomass heating system for burning the energy carrier, wherein particle-containing exhaust gases, and an inventive electrostatic precipitator is provided.
- the function and operation of an electrostatic precipitator are optimized in particular by reducing the electrical power consumption necessary for heating. This achieves reliable and effective emission control.
- thermophoresis effect is utilized, because if a surface in the particle-laden exhaust gas stream, for example, heated by a biomass-fired heating system to about 100 K above the surrounding gas temperature, the temperature gradient to the environment, the deposition is especially small, significantly submicroner, Particles ( ⁇ 200nm) reliably prevented.
- the high voltage supply is short-circuited via this deposition layer.
- the electronic control unit of the electrostatic precipitator then heats the ceramic insulation briefly above 600 ° C high. From this temperature, the insulation is burned free of the combustible, deposited soot particles. Only incombustible ash particles that are not volatile at 600 ° C remain on the ceramic insulation. In contrast to the soot particles, they are electrically non-conductive and can not short-circuit the high voltage. The electrostatic precipitator is therefore ready for use again after burnishing.
- the modification according to the invention more than halves the electrostatically induced contamination of the high-voltage insulation. As a result, only less than 50% of the original, above-described electrical heating power is necessary to maintain the thermophoresis. This has a direct, positive influence on the energy balance of the emission control system and the entire heating system.
- the drawing shows an embodiment of the invention and shows in a single figure schematically a longitudinal cross-section through an embodiment of an electrostatic precipitator according to the invention.
- the electrostatic precipitator is arranged in an exhaust pipe 1 (only partially shown) of a heating system, not shown here, and comprises a flow channel 2, which is formed as a tubular portion of the exhaust pipe 1 and a channel wall 3 comprises.
- a charging electrode 4 which is also referred to as a center electrode, spray electrode or corona electrode.
- the flow channel 2 is preferably formed in cross-section in the flow direction rotationally symmetrical about a central axis A, wherein the charging electrode 4 extends substantially along this central axis A.
- the charging electrode 4 is fed via a high-voltage leadthrough 5, which is encased with an insulator 6. Together with the duct wall 3, the charging electrode 4 forms a charging unit in which particles can be electrically charged.
- the charging electrode 4 forms an electric field with the channel wall 3 while applying a high voltage, the field lines of which extend essentially radially to the charging electrode 4 or the channel wall 3, essentially transversely to the flow direction.
- the electrostatic precipitator in the illustrated embodiment comprises a particle repelling agent, which is integrated in the insulator 6. It is a heating element 7 for the insulator 6 with a plurality of these penetrating heating wires.
- the charging electrode 4 is provided from the side of the holder or the heatable Pelleabweiseffens forth in a partial area with an electrical insulation 8. This is shown in the form of an applied on the charging electrode 4 insulating layer.
- the location of the electrical charge with respect to the insulator 6 as well as the heating of particle repelling agent and charging electrode 4 is displaced downstream to minimize deposits on the high voltage supply and electrode support assembly.
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- Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen elektrostatischen Abscheider, insbesondere für eine Abgasleitung eines mit Biomasse befeuerten Heizsystems, nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1. Weiter betrifft die Erfindung ein Heizsystem zur Erzeugung von Energie mittels Verbrennen von einem Energieträger mit einem elektrostatischen Abscheider nach Anspruch 7.The invention relates to an electrostatic precipitator, in particular for an exhaust pipe of a biomass-fired heating system, according to the preamble of
Aufgrund der Emissionen von Heizungsanlagen und globaler Bemühungen, derartige Emissionen zu reduzieren - siehe zum Beispiel das Kyoto-Abkommen - werden bei Heizungsanlagen entsprechende Abgasreinigungsanlagen verwendet. Diese sollen insbesondere die schädlichen Stoffe und Partikel aus Abgasen herausfiltern, sodass das verbleibende, gereinigte Abgas bedenkenlos an die Umwelt abgegeben werden kann. Insbesondere werden derartige Abgasreinigungsanlagen bei Biomasse-Heizanlagen eingesetzt, bei denen neben ansonsten ökonomischen und ökologischen Vorteilen eine erhöhte Emission an Schadstoffen in den Abgasen auftreten kann. Gerade die relativ hohe Emission an Feinstaub, der im Wesentlichen aus verschiedenen Anteilen aus Kohlenstoff-, Kalium- und/oder Calcium-Verbindungen besteht, als ein Schadstoffanteil ist bei herkömmlichen Biomasse-Heizungsanlagen ein Nachteil.Due to emissions from heating systems and global efforts to reduce such emissions - see, for example, the Kyoto Protocol - heating systems use appropriate emission control systems. These are in particular to filter out the harmful substances and particles from exhaust gases, so that the remaining, purified exhaust gas can safely be released to the environment. In particular, such emission control systems are used in biomass heating systems, where in addition to otherwise economic and environmental benefits increased emissions of pollutants in the exhaust gases can occur. Especially the relatively high emission of particulate matter, which consists essentially of different proportions of carbon, potassium and / or calcium compounds, as a pollutant content is a disadvantage in conventional biomass heating systems.
Aus der
Ein derartiger Elektrofilter mit Sprühelektrode und Kollektorelektrode ist auch als elektrostatischer Abscheider bekannt. Dieser wird zur Abgasreinigung in einer Abgasleitung einer Heizungsanlage eingesetzt. Dabei wird durch die Sprühelektrode, welche etwa mittig durch die Abgasleitung verläuft und deshalb auch als Mittelelektrode bezeichnet wird, und eine umgebende Mantelfläche der Abgasleitung ein Kondensator gebildet, der bei einer zylinderrohrförmigen Ausbildung der Abgasleitung auch als Zylinderkondensator bezeichnet wird. Die Sprüh- oder Mittelelektrode weist in der Regel einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt in Strömungsrichtung des Abgases auf, wobei der Durchmesser des Querschnitts oder auch der Krümmungsradius im Allgemeinen relativ klein ausgebildet ist (zum Beispiel kleiner als 0,4 mm). Um nun die Schadstoffe, genauer die nicht an die Umwelt abzugebenden Partikel, des Abgases aus dem Abgasstrom abzuscheiden, wird durch die Mittelelektrode und die durch die Mantelfläche gebildete Kollektorelektrode ein quer zur Strömungsrichtung verlaufendes Feld mit Feldlinien von der Mittelelektrode zur Kollektorelektrode gebildet. Hierzu wird an die Mittelelektrode eine Hochspannung angelegt, zum Beispiel in dem Bereich von 15 kV. Dadurch bildet sich eine Corona-Entladung aus, durch welche die in dem Abgas durch das Feld strömenden Partikel unipolar aufgeladen werden. Aufgrund dieser Aufladung wandern die meisten der Partikel durch die elektrostatischen Coulomb-Kräfte zur Innenwand der Abgasleitung, welche als Kollektorelektrode dient.Such an electrostatic filter with a spray electrode and a collector electrode is also known as an electrostatic precipitator. This is used for exhaust gas purification in an exhaust pipe of a heating system. It is through the spray, which runs approximately centrally through the exhaust pipe and therefore as the center electrode is designated, and a surrounding lateral surface of the exhaust pipe, a capacitor is formed, which is also referred to as a cylindrical capacitor in a cylindrical tube-shaped design of the exhaust pipe. The spray or center electrode generally has a circular cross section in the flow direction of the exhaust gas, wherein the diameter of the cross section or the radius of curvature is generally formed relatively small (for example, less than 0.4 mm). In order now to deposit the pollutants, more precisely the particles not to be discharged to the environment, of the exhaust gas from the exhaust gas flow, a field extending transversely to the flow direction is formed by field lines from the center electrode to the collector electrode through the center electrode and the collector electrode formed by the lateral surface. For this purpose, a high voltage is applied to the center electrode, for example in the range of 15 kV. As a result, a corona discharge is formed, through which the particles flowing through the field in the exhaust gas are charged in a unipolar manner. Due to this charge, most of the particles migrate through the electrostatic Coulomb forces to the inner wall of the exhaust pipe, which serves as a collector electrode.
Wie oben bereits erwähnt, werden die Partikel durch die entlang der Oberfläche der Aufladeelektrode sich ausbildende Corona-Entladung elektrostatisch aufgeladen. Dies geschieht auf molekularer Ebene durch folgenden Prozess: Liegt die Aufladeelektrode z. B. gegenüber dem Abgasrohr auf negativer Hochspannung, so wird eine große Anzahl von Gasmolekülen negativ aufgeladen. Sie bewegen sich im von der Aufladeelektrode sowie dem Abgasrohr aufgespannten elektrischen Feld in Richtung des Abgasrohres. Treffen diese auf ihrem Weg durch das Abgasrohr auf elektrisch neutrale Partikel, so bleiben sie an diesen haften und laden die bis dahin neutralen Partikel ebenfalls negativ auf. Die geladenen Partikel strömen getrieben durch elektrostatische Ablenkungskräfte zur Innenwand des Abgasrohres. Hier bleiben die Teilchen haften, verlieren ihre Ladung und werden sicher aus dem Abgasstrom entfernt. Dies ist der Kernprozess eines elektrostatischen Abscheiders und führt je nach Geometrie, Höhe des Corona-Stroms, Elektrodenform etc. zu Abscheideraten bis etwa über 90%. Dieser Kernprozess kann durch folgenden Effekt gestört werden:
- In dem elektrischen Feld strömen die geladenen Partikel zur Innenwand des Abgasrohres, so dass einige davon die Hochspannungs-Durchführung erreichen und dort haften bleiben.
- In the electric field, the charged particles flow to the inner wall of the exhaust pipe, so that some of them reach the high voltage feedthrough and stick there.
Mit der Zeit bildet sich auf diese Weise eine elektrisch leitende Partikelschicht auf der Hochspannungs-Durchführung bzw. dem diese umgebenden Isolator, welche die Funktionsfähigkeit des elektrostatischen Abscheiders, beispielsweise durch Spannungs-Durchschläge, einschränkt.Over time, in this way, an electrically conductive particle layer is formed on the high-voltage feedthrough or the insulator surrounding it, which forms the Functionality of the electrostatic precipitator, for example by voltage breakdowns, limits.
Um zu verhindern, dass sich Partikel auf der Hochspannungsdurchführung ablagern, ist ein beheizbares Partikelabweisemittel vorgesehen, welches mittels Thermophorese die Funktion des elektrostatischen Abscheiders wirkungsvoll aufrecht erhält.In order to prevent particles from depositing on the high-voltage lead-through, a heatable particle-repelling agent is provided which effectively maintains the function of the electrostatic precipitator by means of thermophoresis.
Allerdings ist dazu eine elektrische Heizleistung erforderlich, welche bei an der Elektrode anliegenden Hochspannung noch deutlich höher sein muss als ohne, um einen Abweiseeffekt zu erreichen.However, an electric heating power is required for this, which must be still significantly higher when applied to the electrode high voltage than without to achieve a rejection effect.
So hat sich in Versuchen gezeigt, dass bei einer rein thermophoretisch induzierten Partikelbewegung eine minimale Temperaturdifferenz von ca. 40 K ausreicht. Weil insbesondere die auf Erdpotenzial liegende Keramikisolation der Hochspannungszuführung bzw. des beheizbaren Partikelabweisemittels als Auffangfläche für die Partikel wirkt, ist eine sehr viel höhere Temperaturdifferenz von ca. 160 K bei anliegender Hochspannung an der Elektrode nötig, um die Keramikisolation sauber zu halten.It has been shown in tests that a minimum temperature difference of about 40 K is sufficient in the case of purely thermophoretically induced particle movement. In particular, because the lying at ground potential ceramic insulation of the high voltage supply or the heatable Partikelabweisemittels acts as a collecting surface for the particles, a much higher temperature difference of about 160 K with applied high voltage at the electrode is necessary to keep the ceramic insulation clean.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, Funktion und Betrieb eines elektrostatischen Abscheiders insbesondere durch Verringerung der zur Beheizung notwendigen elektrischen Leistungsaufnahme zu optimieren. Weiter liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Heizsystem mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Abscheider zu schaffen, das eine zuverlässige und effektive Abgasreinigung garantiert.The object of the invention is to optimize the function and operation of an electrostatic precipitator, in particular by reducing the electrical power consumption required for heating. Further, the invention has for its object to provide a heating system with a separator according to the invention, which guarantees a reliable and effective emission control.
Erfindungsgemäß wird dies durch die Gegenstände mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 1 und des Patentanspruchs 7 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind den Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen.This is achieved by the objects with the features of
Der erfindungsgemäße elektrostatische Abscheider ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Elektrode mindestens in einem Teilbereich mit einer elektrischen Isolierung versehen ist.The electrostatic precipitator according to the invention is characterized in that the electrode is provided with electrical insulation at least in a partial region.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die Aufladeelektrode von der Seite der Halterung und/oder des beheizbaren Partikelabweisemittels her in einem Teilbereich mit einer elektrischen Isolierung versehen.In a preferred embodiment, the charging electrode is provided from the side of the holder and / or the heatable Partikelabweisemittels forth in a partial area with an electrical insulation.
Es handelt sich bei der elektrischen Isolierung vorzugsweise um eine auf der Aufladeelektrode aufgebrachte Isolationsschicht und/oder ein elektrisch nicht leitendes Hüllelement um die Aufladeelektrode. Dabei besteht die elektrische Isolierung aus einer keramischen Beschichtung oder einem Keramikörper, insbesondere einem Keramikrohr als Umhüllung des Elektrodendrahtes.The electrical insulation is preferably an insulation layer applied to the charging electrode and / or an electrically non-conductive enveloping element around the charging electrode. In this case, the electrical insulation of a ceramic coating or a ceramic body, in particular a ceramic tube as a sheath of the electrode wire.
Erfindungsgemäß verlagert sich der Ort der elektrischen Aufladung bezüglich der Beheizung von Partikelabweisemittel und Aufladeelektrode stromabwärts, also weiter weg von der auf Erdpotenzial liegenden Keramikisolation der Hochspannungszuführung bzw. des beheizbaren Partikelabweisemittels.According to the invention, the location of the electrical charge with respect to the heating of Partikelabweisemittel and charging electrode moves downstream, ie farther away from the lying on ground potential ceramic insulation of the high voltage supply or the heatable Partikelabweisemittels.
Durch Verlängerung des stromabwärts liegenden Teils der Sprühelektrode lässt sich der durch die lokale Passivierung der Sprühelektrode erzeugte Wegfall der Sprühfläche kompensieren. Dazu wird die Aufladeelektrode im stromabwärts gerichteten Endbereich etwa um die Länge der stromaufwärtigen elektrischen Isolierung verlängert, um den stromaufwärtigen Wegfall der Sprühfläche im stromabwärtigen Endbereich zu auszugleichen.By extending the downstream part of the spray electrode, it is possible to compensate for the omission of the spray surface caused by the local passivation of the spray electrode. To this end, the charging electrode in the downstream end region is extended by approximately the length of the upstream electrical insulation to compensate for the upstream elimination of the spray surface in the downstream end region.
Das erfindungsgemäße Heizsystem zur Erzeugung von Energie mittels Verbrennen von einem Energieträger wie Biomasse ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dieses eine Feinstaub emittierenden Heizungsanlage wie eine Biomasse-Heizungsanlage zum Verbrennen des Energieträgers aufweist, wobei partikelbeinhaltende Abgase entstehen, und ein erfindungsgemäßer elektrostatischer Abscheider vorgesehen ist.The heating system according to the invention for generating energy by burning an energy carrier such as biomass is characterized in that it has a fine dust emitting heating system such as a biomass heating system for burning the energy carrier, wherein particle-containing exhaust gases, and an inventive electrostatic precipitator is provided.
Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen elektrostatischen Abscheider und dem erfindungsgemäßen Heizsystem werden Funktion und Betrieb eines elektrostatischen Abscheiders insbesondere durch Verringerung der zur Beheizung notwendigen elektrischen Leistungsaufnahme optimiert. Dadurch wird eine zuverlässige und effektive Abgasreinigung erreicht.With the electrostatic precipitator according to the invention and the heating system according to the invention, the function and operation of an electrostatic precipitator are optimized in particular by reducing the electrical power consumption necessary for heating. This achieves reliable and effective emission control.
Erfindungsgemäß wird der Thermophorese-Effekt ausgenutzt, denn wird eine Oberfläche im partikelbeladenen Abgasstrom, beispielsweise von einer mit Biomasse befeuerten Heizanlage auf ca. 100 K über der umgebenden Gastemperatur erwärmt, so wird durch den Temperaturgradienten zur Umgebung das Ablagern vor allem kleiner, deutlich submikroner, Partikel (<200nm) zuverlässig verhindert.According to the invention, the thermophoresis effect is utilized, because if a surface in the particle-laden exhaust gas stream, for example, heated by a biomass-fired heating system to about 100 K above the surrounding gas temperature, the temperature gradient to the environment, the deposition is especially small, significantly submicroner, Particles (<200nm) reliably prevented.
Abschätzungen zeigen, dass für die Bedingungen, welche zum Beispiel im Abgasrohr einer einer mit Biomasse befeuerten Heizanlage direkt am Kesselausgang vorliegen (220°C, Strömungsgeschwindigkeit 2 m/s), für die Beheizung der Keramikisolation ca. 10-20 W Heizleistung über eine elektrische Widerstandsheizung genügen.Estimates show that for the conditions which are present for example in the exhaust pipe of a biomass-fired heating system directly at the boiler outlet (220 ° C, flow rate 2 m / s), for the heating of the ceramic insulation about 10-20 W heating power via an electric Resistance heating suffice.
Sollte es trotz Thermophorese nach einem längeren Zeitraum zu Partikel-Ablagerungen auf der Isolation kommen, so wird die Hochspannungsversorgung über diese Ablagerungsschicht kurzgeschlossen. Die elektronische Steuerungseinheit des elektrostatischen Abscheiders heizt dann die Keramikisolation kurzzeitig auf über 600°C hoch. Ab dieser Temperatur wird die Isolation von den brennbaren, niedergeschlagenen Rußpartikeln freigebrannt. Nur die nicht brennbaren, bei 600°C nicht-flüchtigen Aschepartikel bleiben auf der Keramikisolation zurück. Sie sind im Gegensatz zu den Russpartikeln elektrisch nicht leitend und können die Hochspannung nicht kurzschließen. Der elektrostatische Abscheider ist daher nach dem Freibrennen wieder betriebsbereit.Should it occur despite thermophoresis after a longer period of particle deposits on the insulation, the high voltage supply is short-circuited via this deposition layer. The electronic control unit of the electrostatic precipitator then heats the ceramic insulation briefly above 600 ° C high. From this temperature, the insulation is burned free of the combustible, deposited soot particles. Only incombustible ash particles that are not volatile at 600 ° C remain on the ceramic insulation. In contrast to the soot particles, they are electrically non-conductive and can not short-circuit the high voltage. The electrostatic precipitator is therefore ready for use again after burnishing.
Es hat sich gezeigt, dass sich die Feinstaubkontamination der Keramikisolation durch eine Überlagerung von Strömungsvorgängen und elektrostatischen Effekten ergibt. Bei der rein thermophoretisch induzierten Partikelbewegung reicht eine minimale Temperaturdifferenz von ca. 40 K aus, um die Feinstaubkontamination der Keramikisolation zu verhindern. Dies entspricht einer relativ geringen elektrischen Heizleistung. Bei gleichzeitig angelegter Hochspannung wird die Bewegung der nun elektrisch geladenen Abgaspartikel von thermophoretischen und elektrostatischen Kräften beeinflusst. Insbesondere wirkt die auf Erdpotenzial liegende Keramikisolation als Auffangfläche für die Partikel. Aus diesem Grund ist eine sehr viel höhere Temperaturdifferenz von ca. 160 K nötig um die Keramikisolation sauber zu halten. Dies entspricht einer gegenüber einer rein thermophoretisch induzierten Partikelbewegung doch deutlich höheren notwendigen elektrischen Heizleistung.It has been shown that the fine dust contamination of the ceramic insulation results from a superimposition of flow processes and electrostatic effects. In the purely thermophoretically induced particle movement, a minimum temperature difference of about 40 K is sufficient to prevent the fine dust contamination of the ceramic insulation. This corresponds to a relatively low electric heating power. With simultaneously applied high voltage, the movement of the now electrically charged exhaust particles is influenced by thermophoretic and electrostatic forces. In particular, the ceramic insulation at ground potential acts as a collecting surface for the particles. For this reason, a much higher temperature difference of about 160 K is necessary to keep the ceramic insulation clean. This corresponds to a significantly higher required electrical heating power compared to a purely thermophoretically induced particle movement.
Durch die erfindungsgemäße Modifikation wird die elektrostatisch induzierte Kontamination der Hochspannungs-Isolation mehr als halbiert. Dadurch ist zur Aufrechterhaltung der Thermophorese nur noch weniger als 50% der ursprünglichen, vorstehend beschriebenen elektrischen Heizleistung notwendig. Dies hat einen direkten, positiven Einfluss auf die Energiebilanz der Abgasreinigungsanlage und des gesamten Heizungssystems.The modification according to the invention more than halves the electrostatically induced contamination of the high-voltage insulation. As a result, only less than 50% of the original, above-described electrical heating power is necessary to maintain the thermophoresis. This has a direct, positive influence on the energy balance of the emission control system and the entire heating system.
Die Zeichnung stellt ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung dar und zeigt in einer einzigen Figur schematisch einen Längsquerschnitt durch eine Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen elektrostatischen Abscheiders.The drawing shows an embodiment of the invention and shows in a single figure schematically a longitudinal cross-section through an embodiment of an electrostatic precipitator according to the invention.
Der elektrostatische Abscheider ist in einer Abgasleitung 1 (nur teilweise dargestellt) einer hier nicht dargestellten Heizungsanlage angeordnet und umfasst einen Strömungskanal 2, welcher als rohrförmiger Abschnitt der Abgasleitung 1 ausgebildet ist und eine Kanalwandung 3 umfasst.The electrostatic precipitator is arranged in an exhaust pipe 1 (only partially shown) of a heating system, not shown here, and comprises a
Durch den Strömungskanal 2 strömt durch Pfeile dargestelltes, partikelbeinhaltendes Abgas in der dargestellten Strömungsrichtung. Im Inneren des Strömungskanals 2 erstreckt sich in Strömungsrichtung eine Aufladeelektrode 4, die auch als Mittelelektrode, Sprühelektrode oder Coronaelektrode bezeichnet wird. Der Strömungskanal 2 ist bevorzugt im Querschnitt in Strömungsrichtung rotationssymmetrisch um eine Mittelachse A ausgebildet, wobei sich die Aufladeelektrode 4 im Wesentlichen entlang dieser Mittelachse A erstreckt. Gespeist wird die Aufladeelektrode 4 über eine Hochspannungs-Durchführung 5, welche mit einem Isolator 6 ummantelt ist. Zusammen mit der Kanalwandung 3 bildet die Aufladeelektrode 4 eine Aufladeeinheit, in welcher Partikel elektrisch aufgeladen werden können. Hierzu bildet die Aufladeelektrode 4 mit der Kanalwandung 3 unter Anlegen einer Hochspannung ein elektrisches Feld aus, dessen Feldlininen im Wesentlichen radial zu der Aufladeelektrode 4 bzw. der Kanalwandung 3 verlaufen, im Wesentlichen quer zur Strömungsrichtung.Through the
Der elektrostatische Abscheider umfasst in der dargestellten Ausführungsform ein Partikelabweisemittel, welches in dem Isolator 6 integriert ist. Es handelt sich dabei um ein Heizelement 7 für den Isolator 6 mit mehreren diesen durchdringenden Heizdrähten.The electrostatic precipitator in the illustrated embodiment comprises a particle repelling agent, which is integrated in the
Die Aufladeelektrode 4 ist von der Seite der Halterung bzw. des beheizbaren Partikelabweisemittels her in einem Teilbereich mit einer elektrischen Isolierung 8 versehen. Dies ist in Form einer auf der Aufladeelektrode 4 aufgebrachten Isolationsschicht dargestellt. Damit wird der Ort der elektrischen Aufladung in Bezug auf den Isolator 6 sowie die Beheizung von Partikelabweisemittel und Aufladeelektrode 4 stromabwärts verlagert, um Ablagerungen auf der Anordnung zur Hochspannungszuführung und Elektrodenhalterung zu minimieren.The charging
Claims (7)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Aufladeelektrode (4) mindestens in einem Teilbereich mit einer elektrischen Isolierung (8) versehen ist.An electrostatic precipitator, in particular for an exhaust pipe (1) of a biomass-fired heating system, comprising a flow channel (2) having a channel wall (3) and a channel interior (2) through which a particle-containing exhaust gas flows in a flow direction, with one in the flow direction Channel interior substantially in the flow direction extending charging electrode (4), for forming an electric field between the charging electrode (4) and the channel wall (3), with a high-voltage lead-through (5), which is surrounded by an insulator (6), and a Particle inhibiting means, which can be heated with a heating element (7), which prevents particles from being deposited on high-voltage feedthrough (5) and (6), wherein high-voltage leadthrough (5) and charging electrode (4) are at least partly designed as a common component.
characterized in that the charging electrode (4) is provided at least in a partial area with an electrical insulation (8).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Aufladeelektrode (4) von der Seite der Hochspannungs-Durchführung (5) und/oder des beheizbaren Partikelabweisemittels her in einem Teilbereich mit einer elektrischen Isolierung (8) versehen ist.Electrostatic separator according to claim 1,
characterized in that the charging electrode (4) is provided from the side of the high voltage leadthrough (5) and / or the heatable Partikelabweisemittels forth in a partial area with an electrical insulation (8).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektrische Isolierung (8) eine auf der Aufladeelektrode (4) aufgebrachte Isolationsschicht und/oder ein elektrisch nicht leitendes Hüllelement um die Aufladeelektrode (4) ist.Electrostatic separator according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that the electrical insulation (8) is an insulating layer applied to the charging electrode (4) and / or an electrically non-conductive enveloping element around the charging electrode (4).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektrische Isolierung (8) aus einer keramischen Beschichtung oder einem Keramikörper, insbesondere einem Keramikrohr, besteht.Electrostatic precipitator according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that the electrical insulation (8) consists of a ceramic coating or a ceramic body, in particular a ceramic tube.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Ort der elektrischen Aufladung bezüglich der Beheizung von Partikelabweisemittel und Aufladeelektrode (4) stromabwärts verlagert ist.Electrostatic precipitator according to one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized in that the location of the electrical charge with respect to the heating of Partikelabweisemittel and charging electrode (4) is displaced downstream.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Aufladeelektrode (4) im stromabwärts gerichteten Endbereich etwa um die Länge der stromaufwärtigen elektrischen Isolierung (8) verlängert ist, um den stromaufwärtigen Wegfall der Sprühfläche im stromabwärtigen Endbereich zu kompensieren.Electrostatic precipitator according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized in that the charging electrode (4) in the downstream end region is extended by approximately the length of the upstream electrical insulation (8) to compensate for the upstream elimination of the spray surface in the downstream end region.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102009021072A DE102009021072A1 (en) | 2009-05-13 | 2009-05-13 | Electrostatic separator and heating system |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2251088A2 true EP2251088A2 (en) | 2010-11-17 |
| EP2251088A3 EP2251088A3 (en) | 2013-11-20 |
| EP2251088B1 EP2251088B1 (en) | 2015-01-07 |
Family
ID=42358689
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP10162010.2A Not-in-force EP2251088B1 (en) | 2009-05-13 | 2010-05-05 | Electrostatic separator and heating system |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2251088B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102009021072A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT515739A3 (en) * | 2014-05-22 | 2016-06-15 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Electrostatic particle separator |
| CN107377219A (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2017-11-24 | 江门市凯骏环保科技有限公司 | A kind of electrostatic filter device with heating function |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE202012100052U1 (en) | 2012-01-06 | 2012-07-11 | Georg Hipp Maschinenbau Gmbh | Arrangement of a heatable electrode in a chimney or an exhaust duct |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1193445A2 (en) | 2000-10-02 | 2002-04-03 | Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt Empa | Device to clean exhausts from small heating systems |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DD259799B1 (en) * | 1987-04-01 | 1989-11-22 | Entstaubungstech Edgar Andre | ARRANGEMENT OF INSULATION BOLTS FOR THE ELECTRICAL INSULATION OF THE SUPPORT STRUCTURE OF THE SPRUE SYSTEMS IN ELECTRICALLY SEPARATORS |
| DE3810910C1 (en) * | 1988-03-30 | 1989-08-10 | Johannes A. Dipl.-Wirtsch.-Ing. 7980 Ravensburg De Mueller | |
| DE8804328U1 (en) * | 1988-03-30 | 1988-07-07 | Mueller, Johannes A., Dipl.-Wirtsch.-Ing., 7980 Ravensburg, De | |
| DE3820740A1 (en) * | 1988-06-18 | 1989-12-21 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | COAGULATOR FOR DEVICES FOR PURIFYING EXHAUST GAS FOSSILER FUELS |
| DE102006057705B3 (en) * | 2006-12-07 | 2008-03-27 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Energy generation heating system by combustion of energy source such as biomass for motor vehicle, has electrode feed coated with insulator and enclosing particle rejecting unit, which prevents exhaust gas particle deposition on insulator |
| DE102007056696B3 (en) * | 2007-11-24 | 2009-05-07 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Electrostatic separator with particle repellent, heating system and method of operation |
| DE102008015616A1 (en) * | 2008-03-26 | 2009-10-08 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Electrostatic separator with particle repellent and heating system |
-
2009
- 2009-05-13 DE DE102009021072A patent/DE102009021072A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2010
- 2010-05-05 EP EP10162010.2A patent/EP2251088B1/en not_active Not-in-force
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1193445A2 (en) | 2000-10-02 | 2002-04-03 | Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt Empa | Device to clean exhausts from small heating systems |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT515739A3 (en) * | 2014-05-22 | 2016-06-15 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Electrostatic particle separator |
| AT515739B1 (en) * | 2014-05-22 | 2017-05-15 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Electrostatic particle separator |
| CN107377219A (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2017-11-24 | 江门市凯骏环保科技有限公司 | A kind of electrostatic filter device with heating function |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2251088A3 (en) | 2013-11-20 |
| EP2251088B1 (en) | 2015-01-07 |
| DE102009021072A1 (en) | 2010-11-25 |
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