EP2249116A2 - Improved shoulder firearm - Google Patents

Improved shoulder firearm Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2249116A2
EP2249116A2 EP10003898A EP10003898A EP2249116A2 EP 2249116 A2 EP2249116 A2 EP 2249116A2 EP 10003898 A EP10003898 A EP 10003898A EP 10003898 A EP10003898 A EP 10003898A EP 2249116 A2 EP2249116 A2 EP 2249116A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
butt
cylinder
plate
firearm according
piston
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10003898A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2249116A3 (en
Inventor
Eric Quaedpeerds
Thierry Dumortier
Alain Botty
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Browning International SA
Original Assignee
Browning International SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Browning International SA filed Critical Browning International SA
Publication of EP2249116A2 publication Critical patent/EP2249116A2/en
Publication of EP2249116A3 publication Critical patent/EP2249116A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41C—SMALLARMS, e.g. PISTOLS, RIFLES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • F41C23/00—Butts; Butt plates; Stocks
    • F41C23/06—Stocks or firearm frames specially adapted for recoil reduction
    • F41C23/08—Recoil absorbing pads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41C—SMALLARMS, e.g. PISTOLS, RIFLES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • F41C23/00—Butts; Butt plates; Stocks
    • F41C23/06—Stocks or firearm frames specially adapted for recoil reduction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an improved firearm of the shoulder firearm type.
  • This type of weapon generally includes a carcass, a barrel and a butt provided to support the weapon against the shoulder and / or the shooter's cheek.
  • a disadvantage of this type of weapon is that, during a shot, the shooter's shoulder and cheek undergo a push following the recoil and the raising of the weapon.
  • This thrust varies depending on the type of ammunition fired as well as the weight of the weapon.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to reduce the repercussion of the shot on the shoulder and cheek to give greater comfort to the shooter, and at the same time simplify the damping system.
  • An additional object of the invention is to allow the rifle to resume its rest configuration faster for the next shot.
  • a firearm whose butt is formed by a body and a buttplate in the extension of the butt body to press the weapon against the shooter's shoulder, this buttplate being attached to the butt body by means of a damping cylinder composed of a cylinder and a piston mounted in an axially sliding manner in the cylinder and secured to a rod partially emerging from the cylinder, the rod being connected to the butt plate or the butt body respectively and the cylinder being connected to the body of the butt or the butt plate respectively, the damper comprising two chambers of oils which are in internal communication by a passage of calibrated oil whose volume of a chamber decreases under the effect of a movement of the piston, while the volume of the other chamber increases and the weapon includes a return spring which, at rest, acts directly or indirectly on the butt plate so as to move it away from the body of the stock and that the jack is placed so that, when fired, the stick has a tendency to descend from the shooter's shoulder and cheek.
  • An advantage of the system is that the shock, caused by the firing, is damped at least partially in the damping cylinder, since, during a shot, the body of the stick back and therefore approaches the butt plate while moving the piston of the cylinder, which passes the oil from one chamber of the cylinder to the other chamber through the calibrated passage in the piston which forms a controlled restriction for the recoil of the weapon.
  • Another advantage is that the reaction forces created by the shock of the shot tend to lower the butt on the shoulder and to remove the rifle from the cheek of the shooter which gives the shooter an even softer feeling of recoil.
  • the system is functional whatever the type of mechanism of the weapon.
  • the oil passage is preferably formed by a calibrated nozzle limiting the passage of oil in a manner determined.
  • the two oil chambers are additionally interconnected by a second passage in which is located a non-return valve, this passage allowing a greater flow than the first pass.
  • An advantage of the non-return valve is that the influence of the calibrated passage is manifested mainly in the phase of recoil of the weapon during a shot and is mainly eliminated when the buttock resumes its rest position under the effect of the return spring.
  • the firearm 1 represented in the figure 1 comprises a carcass 2, a barrel 3 and a butt 4 which comprises a body 5 and a buttplate 6 which is fixed to the body of the stock 5 by means of a damping jack 7.
  • the butt plate 6, which is in the rear extension of the weapon 1, is composed of a support plate 8 and a layer 9 of flexible constitution to partially absorb the recoil shock of the weapon 1 when shooting.
  • butt plate 6 is generally known but is usually applied directly to the foot of the body of the butt 4, where appropriate via a support 10 directly attached to the body of the butt.
  • the damping cylinder 7 is mounted in large part in an enclosure of the butt body 5 and is composed of a cylinder 11 which is closed on the other side by a plug 12 and a plug 13 respectively, and includes a piston 14 mounted with a slidably in the axial direction XX 'in the cylinder 11 and integral with a rod 15 partially out of the cylinder leaving the cylinder through a borehole, in each of the plugs 12 and 13.
  • the piston 14 is a single piston in the case shown with a single single piston which divides the internal compartment 16 of the cylinder 11 into two closed chambers 17 and 18 respectively, which are connected by an internal passage 19 in the piston 14, the passage 19 being calibrated by means of a nozzle 20 provided with a calibrated orifice 21.
  • Chambers 17 and 18 are at least partially filled with a medium, preferably hydraulic oil.
  • the damping cylinder 7 is fixed on the support 10 itself fixed in the butt body 5 by means of the plug 12 which, for this purpose, is provided with an external thread 22 with which it is screwed into a thread 22 appropriate body of the butt 5.
  • the buttplate 6 is fixed to the damping ram 7, more particularly to the support plate 8 which is fixed by means of a screw 23 to a free end of the rod 15 coming out of the foot 10 of the butt body 5 .
  • a return spring 24 is provided in the oil chamber which, at rest, through the piston 14 and the rod 15 acts indirectly on the layer plate 6 so as to distance it from a certain distance D of the butt 4, this distance being optimized at a distance of the order of magnitude of 13 to 14 mm, so that the effect envisaged is not too pronounced.
  • the butt 4 is also provided with means for preventing the rotation of the layer plate 6 around the rod 15 of the damping cylinder 7, these means being formed in the case represented by a guide 25 mounted on the support plate 8 of FIG. the butt plate 6 and which extends into a recess in the foot 10 of the butt body 5.
  • the damping cylinder 7 is sealed by the application of seals 26 at the passage of the rod 15 through plugs 12 and 13 and at the inserted portion of the plugs 12 and 13 in the cylinder 11 of the cylinder. depreciation 7.
  • a particular element of the invention is that the damping cylinder 7 is positioned in such a way that when the layer plate 6 approaches the body of the butt 5, for example by depressing the layer plate 6 under the effect of the recoil of the weapon during a shot, the butt 4 tends to descend relative to the butt plate 6, the latter being for example supported by the shoulder 27 of the shooter in firing position.
  • the firearm 1 is handled in a quite conventional manner by taking the weapon 1 with both hands, while pressing the weapon 1 with the buttplate 6 against the shoulder 27 and pressing the cheek 28 against the butt 4 as shown in the figure 4 which indicates the contact points 29 and 30 at rest at the shoulder 27 and the cheek 28 respectively.
  • This situation corresponds to the rest situation of the damping cylinder 7 as represented in FIG. figure 2 in which the layer plate 6 is spaced a distance D from the body of the stock 5 under the effect of the return spring 24.
  • the weapon 1 and thus the body of the butt 4 are projected backwards in the direction of the arrow V, which brings the body of the butt 5 of the buttplate 6 since the Plate 6 is held by the shooter's shoulder 27.
  • the oil in the chamber 18 is thus transferred to the chamber 17 via the calibrated passage 19 comprising the nozzle 20.
  • the degree of damping can be selected by selecting a nozzle 20 with a suitable orifice 21 as needed by the shooter.
  • the butt 4 tends to descend during the firing as shown in FIG. figure 5 in which it can be seen that the butt 4 has moved away from the point of contact 30 of the cheek 28 and that the diaper plate 6 is lowered relative to the initial point of contact 29 at the shooter's shoulder 27.
  • the recoil shock is also damped thanks to the layer 6 which is of a flexible manufacturing to partially absorb the recoil shock.
  • the return spring 24 pushes back the plate layer 6 to establish the initial gap D between the butt plate 6 and the body of the butt 5 to return to the rest situation of the figure 2 .
  • the return spring 24 does not necessarily have to be inside the damping cylinder 7, but that it is also possible, for example, to provide one or more springs 24 directly between the body of the butt 5 and the buttplate 6.
  • damping cylinder 7 can be mounted in the opposite direction, the cylinder 7 being fixed to the body of the stick 5 by means of the rod 15 and the layer plate 6 being fixed to the cylinder 7 at the cylinder 11 or plugs 12-13.
  • the opening between the butt body 5 and the butt plate 6 may optionally be covered by a flexible sleeve 31, for example of rubber, as shown in dotted line in the figure 2 .
  • FIG. 6 Another embodiment of an improved firearm according to the invention is represented in the figure 6 in the rest position.
  • the damping cylinder 7 is made in the form of a double piston with two pistons 14 connected by the rod 15 and limiting a closed compartment 32 which is divided into two chambers of oils, respectively 17 and 18 by a neck internal ring 33 of the cylinder 11, the chambers 17 and 18 being connected by a first passage calibrated oil 19 in the neck 33.
  • An additional element is the presence of a nonreturn valve 34 which is mounted in the neck 33 and which connects the two oil chambers 17 and 18 via a second passage 35 in which is mounted the check valve in the form of a ball 36 which is held against the seat of an orifice 37 under the effect of a non-return spring 38 to block the passage 35.
  • This non-return valve 34 is mounted in such a way that the ball 36 of the non-return valve 34 is pushed towards an open position against the action of the non-return spring 38 when the butt plate 6 is displaced away from the stick 4.
  • the volume of the chamber 17 decreases, while the volume of the chamber 18 increases at the same time.
  • the pressure in the chamber 17 increases under this effect, passing the oil from the chamber 17 to the chamber 18 through the passage 19.
  • the ball 36 of the nonreturn valve 34 will at the same time be firmly pressed against the orifice 37 of the nonreturn valve 34 to block the passage of oil 35 from one chamber 17 to the other 18.
  • the oil can therefore only pass through the calibrated passage 19 which will cause a damping of the recoil shock of the shot.
  • the double piston After firing, the double piston will be pushed back under the effect of the return spring 24 to again spread the butt plate 6 of the body of the butt 5 to the rest position of the figure 6 .
  • the movement of the double piston decreases the volume of the chamber 18 and increases the volume of the chamber 17 and increases the pressure in the chamber 18.
  • the pressure in the chamber 18 shifts the ball 36 of the seat of the orifice 37 of the check valve 34 to open the second passage 35 which has a greater diameter than the diameter of the passage 19 to allow to pass a flow more important oil.
  • the passage 35 thus forms a preferential passage for evacuating in a more rapid manner the oil included in the chamber 18 to the chamber 17 without forming a significant restriction to this transfer of oil.
  • the restoring the damping cylinder will be done in a faster way to have its effect faster for the next shot.
  • Direction indications for example the term descend, are defined with respect to a shooter with a weapon in the firing position.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Tyre Moulding (AREA)
  • Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The firearm has a crosshead for supporting the firearm against a shoulder and/or a cheek of a shooter. A damping jack is connected to a body and a butt plate (6) of the crosshead. The jack has oil chambers (17, 18) that are in internal communication by a calibrated oil passage (19), where volume of one of the chambers is decreased under the effect of displacement of a piston (14), while volume of the other chamber is increased. The jack is placed such that the crosshead descends from the shoulder and/or the cheek of the shooter during shooting.

Description

L'invention concerne une arme à feu améliorée du type arme à feu d'épaule.The invention relates to an improved firearm of the shoulder firearm type.

Ce type d'arme comprend en général une carcasse, un canon et une crosse prévue pour appuyer l'arme contre l'épaule et/ou contre la joue du tireur.This type of weapon generally includes a carcass, a barrel and a butt provided to support the weapon against the shoulder and / or the shooter's cheek.

Un inconvénient de ce type d'arme est que, lors d'un tir, l'épaule et la joue du tireur subissent une poussée consécutive au recul et au relèvement de l'arme.A disadvantage of this type of weapon is that, during a shot, the shooter's shoulder and cheek undergo a push following the recoil and the raising of the weapon.

Cette poussée varie en fonction du type de munition tirée ainsi que du poids de l'arme.This thrust varies depending on the type of ammunition fired as well as the weight of the weapon.

Plus l'arme est légère et la munition forte, plus le tireur encaisse au niveau de l'épaule.The lighter the weapon and the stronger ammunition, the more the shooter collects at the level of the shoulder.

Afin de donner un certain confort lors du tir, il est connu d'employer différent systèmes d'amortissement tels que des protections souples placées sur la crosse, connue sous le nom de plaque de couche ou sous forme de protections en mousse ou autres matériaux placées directement sur les vêtements.In order to give a certain comfort during the firing, it is known to employ different damping systems such as flexible protectors placed on the butt, known as a buttplate or in the form of foam pads or other placed materials. directly on the clothes.

Il est aussi connu, par exemple des documents US 4.439.943 et US 837.601 , d'utiliser des systèmes hydrauliques placés horizontalement pour amortir le recul, mais ceux-ci sont compliqués à fabriquer et donnent lieu à des reculs remarquables.It is also known, for example documents US 4,439,943 and US 837,601 , to use hydraulic systems placed horizontally to cushion the recoil, but these are complicated to manufacture and give rise to setbacks remarkable.

Un autre désavantage des systèmes connus est que, même s'ils amortissent le recul, ils ralentissent aussi la reprise en position de repos de l'arme.Another disadvantage of the known systems is that, even if they dampen the recoil, they also slow down the recovery in the rest position of the weapon.

Le but de l'invention est donc de réduire la répercussion du tir sur l'épaule et la joue pour donner un plus grand confort au tireur, et en même temps simplifier le système d'amortissement.The object of the invention is therefore to reduce the repercussion of the shot on the shoulder and cheek to give greater comfort to the shooter, and at the same time simplify the damping system.

Un but additionnel de l'invention est de permettre au fusil de reprendre plus vite sa configuration de repos pour le tir suivant.An additional object of the invention is to allow the rifle to resume its rest configuration faster for the next shot.

Ce but est atteint par le développement d'une arme à feu dont la crosse est formée par un corps et par une plaque de couche dans le prolongement du corps de crosse pour appuyer l'arme contre l'épaule du tireur, cette plaque de couche étant fixée au corps de crosse au moyen d'un vérin d'amortissement composé d'un cylindre et d'un piston monté d'une manière coulissante en direction axiale dans le cylindre et solidaire avec une tige sortant partiellement du vérin, la tige étant relié à la plaque de couche ou au corps de la crosse respectivement et le cylindre étant relié au corps de la crosse ou à la plaque de couche respectivement, l'amortisseur comprenant deux chambres d'huiles qui sont en communication interne par un passage d'huile calibré et dont le volume d'une chambre diminue sous l'effet d'un déplacement du piston, tandis que le volume de l'autre chambre augmente et que l'arme comprend un ressort de rappel qui, au repos, agit directement ou indirectement sur la plaque de couche de façon à écarter celle-ci d'une certaine distance du corps de la crosse et que le vérin est placé de telle façon que, lors du tir, la crosse a tendance à descendre de l'épaule et de la joue du tireur.This purpose is achieved by the development of a firearm whose butt is formed by a body and a buttplate in the extension of the butt body to press the weapon against the shooter's shoulder, this buttplate being attached to the butt body by means of a damping cylinder composed of a cylinder and a piston mounted in an axially sliding manner in the cylinder and secured to a rod partially emerging from the cylinder, the rod being connected to the butt plate or the butt body respectively and the cylinder being connected to the body of the butt or the butt plate respectively, the damper comprising two chambers of oils which are in internal communication by a passage of calibrated oil whose volume of a chamber decreases under the effect of a movement of the piston, while the volume of the other chamber increases and the weapon includes a return spring which, at rest, acts directly or indirectly on the butt plate so as to move it away from the body of the stock and that the jack is placed so that, when fired, the stick has a tendency to descend from the shooter's shoulder and cheek.

Un avantage du système est que le choc, provoqué par le tir, est amorti au moins partiellement dans le vérin d'amortissement, puisque, lors d'un tir, le corps de la crosse recule et s'approche donc de la plaque de couche tout en déplaçant le piston du vérin, ce qui fait passer l'huile d'une chambre du vérin vers l'autre chambre en passant par le passage calibré dans le piston qui forme une restriction contrôlée pour le recul de l'arme.An advantage of the system is that the shock, caused by the firing, is damped at least partially in the damping cylinder, since, during a shot, the body of the stick back and therefore approaches the butt plate while moving the piston of the cylinder, which passes the oil from one chamber of the cylinder to the other chamber through the calibrated passage in the piston which forms a controlled restriction for the recoil of the weapon.

Un autre avantage est que les forces de réaction créées par le choc du tir ont tendance de faire descendre la crosse sur l'épaule et d'écarter le fusil de la joue du tireur ce qui donne au tireur une sensation encore plus douce du recul. Le système est fonctionnel quelque soit le type de mécanisme de l'arme.Another advantage is that the reaction forces created by the shock of the shot tend to lower the butt on the shoulder and to remove the rifle from the cheek of the shooter which gives the shooter an even softer feeling of recoil. The system is functional whatever the type of mechanism of the weapon.

Cela est réalisé de préférence en positionnant le vérin de telle façon que l'axe du vérin forme un angle avec l'axe du canon, cet angle étant dirigé vers le bas ou de telle façon à ce que l'axe du vérin forme un angle avec la base de la plaque de couche en face du pied du corps de la crosse.This is preferably done by positioning the jack so that the axis of the jack forms an angle with the axis of the barrel, this angle being directed downwards or in such a way that the axis of the jack forms an angle with the base of the butt plate opposite the foot of the body of the butt.

Le passage d'huile est de préférence formé par un gicleur calibré limitant le passage d'huile d'une manière déterminée.The oil passage is preferably formed by a calibrated nozzle limiting the passage of oil in a manner determined.

Selon une caractéristique préférentielle, les deux chambres d'huiles sont supplémentairement interconnectées par un deuxième passage dans lequel est situé un clapet anti-retour, ce passage laissant passer un plus grand débit que le premier passage.According to a preferred feature, the two oil chambers are additionally interconnected by a second passage in which is located a non-return valve, this passage allowing a greater flow than the first pass.

Un avantage du clapet anti-retour est que l'influence du passage calibré se manifeste principalement dans la phase de recul de l'arme lors d'un tir et est principalement éliminée quand la plaque de couche reprend sa position de repos sous l'effet du ressort de rappel.An advantage of the non-return valve is that the influence of the calibrated passage is manifested mainly in the phase of recoil of the weapon during a shot and is mainly eliminated when the buttock resumes its rest position under the effect of the return spring.

Cela engendre que le fusil reprend plus vite sa configuration de repos pour le tir suivant.This causes the rifle to resume its resting pattern faster for the next shot.

Pour plus de clarté, quelques exemples de réalisation d'une arme à feu selon l'invention sont décrits ci-après à titre illustratif et non restrictif, référence étant faite aux dessins annexés dans lesquels:

  • La figure 1 représente une vue schématisé latérale d'une arme à feu selon l'invention;
  • la figure 2 représente en coupe et à une échelle plus grande la partie indiquée par F2 à la figure 1;
  • la figure 3 représente une même vue que celle de la figure 2 mais lors d'un tir;
  • la figure 4 représente les points de contact entre l'arme de la figure 1 et le tireur pendant l'utilisation de l'arme au repos;
  • la figure 5 est une vue analogue à celle de la figure 4 mais après un tir;
  • la figure 6 représente une vue comme celle de la figure 2 mais pour une variante d'une arme selon l'invention;
  • la figure 7 représente une vue agrandie de la partie indiquée par F7 dans la figure 6 ; et,
  • la figure 8 est une même vue que celle de la figure 6, mais pendant le tir.
For the sake of clarity, some examples of embodiment of a firearm according to the invention are described below by way of illustration and not restrictive, reference being made to the appended drawings in which:
  • The figure 1 represents a schematic side view of a firearm according to the invention;
  • the figure 2 represents in section and on a larger scale the part indicated by F2 at the figure 1 ;
  • the figure 3 represents the same view as that of the figure 2 but during a shot;
  • the figure 4 represents the points of contact between the weapon of the figure 1 and the shooter while using the weapon at rest;
  • the figure 5 is a view similar to that of the figure 4 but after a shot;
  • the figure 6 represents a view like that of the figure 2 but for a variant of a weapon according to the invention;
  • the figure 7 represents an enlarged view of the portion indicated by F7 in the figure 6 ; and,
  • the figure 8 is the same view as that of the figure 6 but during the shooting.

L'arme à feu 1 représentée dans la figure 1 comprend une carcasse 2, un canon 3 et une crosse 4 qui comprend un corps 5 et une plaque de couche 6 qui est fixé au corps de la crosse 5 au moyen d'un vérin d'amortissement 7.The firearm 1 represented in the figure 1 comprises a carcass 2, a barrel 3 and a butt 4 which comprises a body 5 and a buttplate 6 which is fixed to the body of the stock 5 by means of a damping jack 7.

La plaque de couche 6, qui se trouve dans le prolongement arrière de l'arme 1, est composée d'une plaque de support 8 et d'une couche 9 de constitution souple permettant d'absorber en partie le choc de recul de l'arme 1 lors d'un tir.The butt plate 6, which is in the rear extension of the weapon 1, is composed of a support plate 8 and a layer 9 of flexible constitution to partially absorb the recoil shock of the weapon 1 when shooting.

Ce genre de plaque de couche 6 est généralement connu mais est appliqué d'habitude directement sur le pied du corps de la crosse 4, le cas échéant par l'intermédiaire d'un support 10 directement fixé au corps de la crosse.This type of butt plate 6 is generally known but is usually applied directly to the foot of the body of the butt 4, where appropriate via a support 10 directly attached to the body of the butt.

Dans l'exemple représenté, le vérin d'amortissement 7 est monté en grand partie dans un enclos du corps de crosse 5 et est composé d'un cylindre 11 qui est fermé de parte et d'autre par un bouchon 12 et par un bouchon 13 respectivement, et comprend un piston 14 monté d'une manière coulissante en direction axiale X-X' dans le cylindre 11 et solidaire avec une tige 15 sortant partiellement de parte et d'autre du vérin à travers d'un forage, dans chacun des bouchons 12 et 13.In the example shown, the damping cylinder 7 is mounted in large part in an enclosure of the butt body 5 and is composed of a cylinder 11 which is closed on the other side by a plug 12 and a plug 13 respectively, and includes a piston 14 mounted with a slidably in the axial direction XX 'in the cylinder 11 and integral with a rod 15 partially out of the cylinder leaving the cylinder through a borehole, in each of the plugs 12 and 13.

Le piston 14 est un piston simple dans le cas représenté avec un seul piston unique qui divise le compartiment interne 16 du cylindre 11 en deux chambres fermées 17 et 18 respectivement, qui sont reliées par un passage 19 interne dans le piston 14, le passage 19 étant calibré au moyen d'un gicleur 20 pourvu d'un orifice calibré 21.The piston 14 is a single piston in the case shown with a single single piston which divides the internal compartment 16 of the cylinder 11 into two closed chambers 17 and 18 respectively, which are connected by an internal passage 19 in the piston 14, the passage 19 being calibrated by means of a nozzle 20 provided with a calibrated orifice 21.

Les chambres 17 et 18 sont au moins partiellement remplies avec un medium, de préférence de l'huile hydraulique.Chambers 17 and 18 are at least partially filled with a medium, preferably hydraulic oil.

Le vérin d'amortissement 7 est fixé sur le support 10 lui-même fixé dans le corps de crosse 5 au moyen du bouchon 12 qui, à cette fin, est pourvu d'un filetage 22 extérieur avec lequel il est vissé dans un filetage 22 approprié du corps de la crosse 5.The damping cylinder 7 is fixed on the support 10 itself fixed in the butt body 5 by means of the plug 12 which, for this purpose, is provided with an external thread 22 with which it is screwed into a thread 22 appropriate body of the butt 5.

La plaque de couche 6 est fixée sur le vérin d'amortissement 7, plus spécialement avec la plaque de support 8 qui est fixé au moyen d'une vis 23 à une extrémité libre de la tige 15 sortant du pied 10 du corps de crosse 5.The buttplate 6 is fixed to the damping ram 7, more particularly to the support plate 8 which is fixed by means of a screw 23 to a free end of the rod 15 coming out of the foot 10 of the butt body 5 .

Un ressort de rappel 24 est pourvu dans la chambre d'huile qui, au repos, par le biais du piston 14 et de la tige 15 agit indirectement sur la plaque de couche 6 de façon à écarter celle-ci d'une certaine distance D de la crosse 4, cette distance étant optimalisée à une distance de l'ordre de grandeur de 13 à 14 mm, pour que l'effet envisagé ne soit pas trop prononcé.A return spring 24 is provided in the oil chamber which, at rest, through the piston 14 and the rod 15 acts indirectly on the layer plate 6 so as to distance it from a certain distance D of the butt 4, this distance being optimized at a distance of the order of magnitude of 13 to 14 mm, so that the effect envisaged is not too pronounced.

La crosse 4 est pourvue aussi de moyens pour empêcher la rotation de la plaque de couche 6 autour de la tige 15 du vérin d'amortissement 7, ces moyens étant formés dans le cas représenté par un guide 25 monté sur la plaque de support 8 de la plaque de couche 6 et qui se prolonge dans un creux dans le pied 10 du corps de crosse 5.The butt 4 is also provided with means for preventing the rotation of the layer plate 6 around the rod 15 of the damping cylinder 7, these means being formed in the case represented by a guide 25 mounted on the support plate 8 of FIG. the butt plate 6 and which extends into a recess in the foot 10 of the butt body 5.

Le vérin d'amortissement 7 est étanche grâce à l'application de joints 26 au niveau du passage de la tige 15 à travers des bouchons 12 et 13 et au niveau de la partie insérée des bouchons 12 et 13 dans le cylindre 11 du vérin d'amortissement 7.The damping cylinder 7 is sealed by the application of seals 26 at the passage of the rod 15 through plugs 12 and 13 and at the inserted portion of the plugs 12 and 13 in the cylinder 11 of the cylinder. depreciation 7.

Un élément particulier de l'invention est que le vérin d'amortissement 7 est positionné de telle façon à ce que, quand la plaque de couche 6 se rapproche du corps de la crosse 5, par exemple par enfoncement de la plaque de couche 6 sous l'effet du recul de l'arme lors d'un tir, la crosse 4 a tendance à descendre par rapport à la plaque de couche 6, celle-ci étant par exemple supportée par l'épaule 27 du tireur en position de tir.A particular element of the invention is that the damping cylinder 7 is positioned in such a way that when the layer plate 6 approaches the body of the butt 5, for example by depressing the layer plate 6 under the effect of the recoil of the weapon during a shot, the butt 4 tends to descend relative to the butt plate 6, the latter being for example supported by the shoulder 27 of the shooter in firing position.

Cela est réalisé dans l'exemple de la figure 2 en positionnant le vérin 7 de telle façon que l'axe du vérin 7 forme un angle avec l'axe du canon 3, de préférence un angle de l'ordre de grandeur de 13°, cet angle étant dirigé vers le bas, en particulier que le vérin forme un angle A avec la base de la plaque de couche 6 en face du pied 10 du corps de la crosse 5, donc avec la plaque de support 8.This is achieved in the example of the figure 2 by positioning the jack 7 so that the axis of the jack 7 forms an angle with the axis of the barrel 3, preferably an angle of the order of magnitude of 13 °, this angle being directed downwards, in particular that the cylinder forms a angle A with the base of the buttplate 6 opposite the foot 10 of the body of the butt 5, and thus with the support plate 8.

Le fonctionnement de l'amortissement selon l'invention est facile et comme suite et est illustré au moyen des figures 2 à 5.The operation of the damping according to the invention is easy and as a result and is illustrated by means of Figures 2 to 5 .

Pour viser, l'arme à feu 1 est manipulée d'une façon toute à fait classique en prenant l'arme 1 avec les deux mains, tout en appuyant l'arme 1 avec la plaque de couche 6 contre l'épaule 27 et en appuyant la joue 28 contre la crosse 4 comme représenté dans la figure 4 qui indique les points de contact 29 et 30 au repos au niveau de l'épaule 27 et de la joue 28 respectivement.To aim, the firearm 1 is handled in a quite conventional manner by taking the weapon 1 with both hands, while pressing the weapon 1 with the buttplate 6 against the shoulder 27 and pressing the cheek 28 against the butt 4 as shown in the figure 4 which indicates the contact points 29 and 30 at rest at the shoulder 27 and the cheek 28 respectively.

Cette situation correspond à la situation de repos du vérin d'amortissement 7 comme représenté dans la figure 2, dans laquelle la plaque de couche 6 est écarté d'une distance D du corps de la crosse 5 sous l'effet du ressort de rappel 24.This situation corresponds to the rest situation of the damping cylinder 7 as represented in FIG. figure 2 in which the layer plate 6 is spaced a distance D from the body of the stock 5 under the effect of the return spring 24.

Lors d'un tir, l'arme 1 et donc le corps de la crosse 4 sont projetés vers l'arrière dans le sens de la flèche V, ce qui fait rapprocher le corps de la crosse 5 de la plaque de couche 6 puisque la plaque de couche 6 est retenu par l'épaule 27 du tireur.During a shot, the weapon 1 and thus the body of the butt 4 are projected backwards in the direction of the arrow V, which brings the body of the butt 5 of the buttplate 6 since the Plate 6 is held by the shooter's shoulder 27.

Ce mouvement fait donc diminuer la distance D entre le corps de la crosse 5 et la plaque de couche 6 comme représenté dans la figure 3, ce qui fait rentrer la tige 15 dans le vérin d'amortissement 7 contre l'action du ressort de rappel 24, tout en déplaçant le piston 14 dans le sens de la flèche P, ce qui fait diminuer le volume de la chambre d'huile 18 en même temps que le volume de la chambre d'huile 17 augmente.This movement therefore reduces the distance D between the body of the butt 5 and the butt plate 6 as shown in FIG. figure 3 , which brings in the rod 15 in the damping cylinder 7 against the action of the return spring 24, while moving the piston 14 in the direction of the arrow P, which reduces the volume of the oil chamber 18 at the same time as the volume of the oil chamber 17 increases.

L'huile dans la chambre 18 est donc transféré vers la chambre 17 via le passage calibré 19 comportant le gicleur 20.The oil in the chamber 18 is thus transferred to the chamber 17 via the calibrated passage 19 comprising the nozzle 20.

De cette façon, le choc de recul de l'arme est amorti par ce passage restreint d'huile d'une chambre 18 vers l'autre chambre 17.In this way, the recoil shock of the weapon is dampened by this restricted passage of oil from one chamber 18 to the other chamber 17.

Le degré d'amortissement peut être choisi en sélectant un gicleur 20 avec un orifice 21 approprié au besoin du tireur.The degree of damping can be selected by selecting a nozzle 20 with a suitable orifice 21 as needed by the shooter.

Par le positionnement du vérin d'amortissement 7 sous un angle A par rapport à la plaque de couche 6, la crosse 4 a tendance à descendre lors du tir comme représenté dans la figure 5 dans laquelle on peut constater que la crosse 4 s'est écarté du point de contact 30 de la joue 28 et que la plaque de couche 6 est descendu par rapport au point de contact 29 initiale à l'épaule 27 du tireur.By positioning the damping cylinder 7 at an angle A with respect to the butt plate 6, the butt 4 tends to descend during the firing as shown in FIG. figure 5 in which it can be seen that the butt 4 has moved away from the point of contact 30 of the cheek 28 and that the diaper plate 6 is lowered relative to the initial point of contact 29 at the shooter's shoulder 27.

Le choc de recul est aussi amorti grâce à la plaque de couche 6 qui est d'une fabrication souple permettant d'absorber partiellement le choc de recul.The recoil shock is also damped thanks to the layer 6 which is of a flexible manufacturing to partially absorb the recoil shock.

Après le tir, le ressort de rappel 24 repousse la plaque de couche 6 pour instaurer l'écart initial D entre la plaque de couche 6 et le corps de la crosse 5 pour revenir à la situation de repos de la figure 2.After firing, the return spring 24 pushes back the plate layer 6 to establish the initial gap D between the butt plate 6 and the body of the butt 5 to return to the rest situation of the figure 2 .

Il est clair que le ressort de rappel 24 ne doit pas nécessairement se trouver à l'intérieur du vérin d'amortissement 7, mais qu'il est possible aussi, par exemple, de prévoir un ou plusieurs ressorts 24 directement entre le corps de la crosse 5 et la plaque de couche 6.It is clear that the return spring 24 does not necessarily have to be inside the damping cylinder 7, but that it is also possible, for example, to provide one or more springs 24 directly between the body of the butt 5 and the buttplate 6.

Il est aussi évident que le vérin d'amortissement 7 peut être monté en sens inverse, le vérin 7 étant fixé au corps de la crosse 5 au moyen de la tige 15 et la plaque de couche 6 étant fixé au vérin 7 au niveau du cylindre 11 ou des bouchons 12-13.It is also obvious that the damping cylinder 7 can be mounted in the opposite direction, the cylinder 7 being fixed to the body of the stick 5 by means of the rod 15 and the layer plate 6 being fixed to the cylinder 7 at the cylinder 11 or plugs 12-13.

L'ouverture entre le corps de crosse 5 et la plaque de couche 6 peut optionnellement être couverte par un manchon flexible 31, par exemple en caoutchouc, comme représenté en pointillé dans la figure 2.The opening between the butt body 5 and the butt plate 6 may optionally be covered by a flexible sleeve 31, for example of rubber, as shown in dotted line in the figure 2 .

Une autre réalisation d'une arme à feu amélioré selon l'invention est représentée dans la figure 6 en position de repos.Another embodiment of an improved firearm according to the invention is represented in the figure 6 in the rest position.

Dans cette réalisation le vérin d'amortissement 7 est réalisé sous forme d'un piston double avec deux pistons 14 reliés par la tige 15 et limitant un compartiment fermé 32 qui est divisé en deux chambres d'huiles, respectivement 17 et 18 par un col annulaire interne 33 du cylindre 11, les chambres 17 et 18 étant reliés par un premier passage d'huile calibré 19 dans le col 33.In this embodiment the damping cylinder 7 is made in the form of a double piston with two pistons 14 connected by the rod 15 and limiting a closed compartment 32 which is divided into two chambers of oils, respectively 17 and 18 by a neck internal ring 33 of the cylinder 11, the chambers 17 and 18 being connected by a first passage calibrated oil 19 in the neck 33.

Un élément supplémentaire est la présence d'un clapet anti-retour 34 qui est monté dans le col 33 et qui relie les deux chambres d'huile 17 et 18 via un deuxième passage 35 dans lequel est monté le clapet anti-retour sous forme d'une bille 36 qui est retenue contre le siège d'un orifice 37 sous l'effet d'un ressort anti-retour 38 pour bloquer le passage 35.An additional element is the presence of a nonreturn valve 34 which is mounted in the neck 33 and which connects the two oil chambers 17 and 18 via a second passage 35 in which is mounted the check valve in the form of a ball 36 which is held against the seat of an orifice 37 under the effect of a non-return spring 38 to block the passage 35.

Ce clapet anti-retour 34 est monté de telle façon que la bille 36 du clapet anti-retour 34 est poussée vers une position ouverte contre l'action du ressort anti-retour 38 quand la plaque de couche 6 est déplacée en s'écartant de la crosse 4.This non-return valve 34 is mounted in such a way that the ball 36 of the non-return valve 34 is pushed towards an open position against the action of the non-return spring 38 when the butt plate 6 is displaced away from the stick 4.

Le fonctionnement de cette variante est assez similaire à celle de la première variante.The operation of this variant is quite similar to that of the first variant.

Si, en partant de la situation de repos de la figure 6, un coup est tiré, le double piston rentre dans le cylindre 11 du vérin d'amortissement 7 sous l'effet du choc de recul comme représenté dans la figure 8.If, starting from the rest situation of the figure 6 , a shot is fired, the double piston enters the cylinder 11 of the damping cylinder 7 under the effect of the recoil shock as shown in FIG. figure 8 .

En rentrant dans le cylindre 11, le volume de la chambre 17 diminue, tandis que le volume de la chambre 18 augmente en même temps.By entering the cylinder 11, the volume of the chamber 17 decreases, while the volume of the chamber 18 increases at the same time.

La pression dans la chambre 17 augmente sous cet effet, faisant passer l'huile de la chambre 17 vers la chambre 18 par le biais du passage 19.The pressure in the chamber 17 increases under this effect, passing the oil from the chamber 17 to the chamber 18 through the passage 19.

La bille 36 du clapet anti-retour 34 sera en même temps fermement pressée contre l'orifice 37 du clapet anti-retour 34 pour bloquer le passage d'huile 35 d'une chambre 17 à l'autre 18.The ball 36 of the nonreturn valve 34 will at the same time be firmly pressed against the orifice 37 of the nonreturn valve 34 to block the passage of oil 35 from one chamber 17 to the other 18.

L'huile pourra donc uniquement passer par le passage calibré 19 ce qui provoquera un amortissement du choc de recul du tir.The oil can therefore only pass through the calibrated passage 19 which will cause a damping of the recoil shock of the shot.

Après le tir, le double piston sera repoussé sous l'effet du ressort de rappel 24 pour de nouveau écarter la plaque de couche 6 du corps de la crosse 5 vers la situation de repos de la figure 6.After firing, the double piston will be pushed back under the effect of the return spring 24 to again spread the butt plate 6 of the body of the butt 5 to the rest position of the figure 6 .

En retournant vers la situation de repos, le mouvement du piston double fait diminuer le volume de la chambre 18 et fait augmenter le volume de la chambre 17 et fait augmenter la pression dans la chambre 18.Returning to the rest situation, the movement of the double piston decreases the volume of the chamber 18 and increases the volume of the chamber 17 and increases the pressure in the chamber 18.

La pression dans la chambre 18 fait décaler la bille 36 du siège de l'orifice 37 du clapet anti-retour 34 pour ouvrir le deuxième passage 35 qui a un diamètre plus important que le diamètre du passage 19 afin de permettre de laisser passer un débit d'huile plus important.The pressure in the chamber 18 shifts the ball 36 of the seat of the orifice 37 of the check valve 34 to open the second passage 35 which has a greater diameter than the diameter of the passage 19 to allow to pass a flow more important oil.

Le passage 35 forme donc un passage préférentiel pour évacuer d'une manière plus vite l'huile comprise dans la chambre 18 vers la chambre 17 sans pour autant former une restriction importante à ce transfert d'huile.The passage 35 thus forms a preferential passage for evacuating in a more rapid manner the oil included in the chamber 18 to the chamber 17 without forming a significant restriction to this transfer of oil.

La remise au repos du vérin d'amortissement se fera donc d'une manière plus rapide pour avoir son effet plus vite pour le tir prochain.The restoring the damping cylinder will be done in a faster way to have its effect faster for the next shot.

Les indications de direction, comme par exemple le terme descendre, sont définies par rapport à un tireur avec une arme en position de tir.Direction indications, for example the term descend, are defined with respect to a shooter with a weapon in the firing position.

Il est évident que l'invention n'est nullement limitée aux exemples décrits ci-avant mais que de nombreuses modifications peuvent être apportées à l'arme à feu selon l'invention sans sortir du cadre de l'invention telle que définie dans les revendications suivantes.It is obvious that the invention is not limited to the examples described above, but that many modifications can be made to the firearm according to the invention without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the claims. following.

Claims (14)

Arme à feu à épaule, comprenant une carcasse (2), un canon (3) et une crosse (4) prévue pour appuyer l'arme (1) contre l'épaule (27) et/ou contre la joue (28) du tireur, la crosse (4) étant formée par un corps (5) et par une plaque de couche (6) dans le prolongement du corps (5) pour appuyer l'arme (1) contre l'épaule (27) du tireur, comprenant un vérin d'amortissement (7) relié au corps de la crosse (5) et à la plaque de couche et comprenant un ressort de rappel (24) qui, au repos, agit directement ou indirectement sur la plaque de couche (6) de façon à écarter celle-ci d'une certaine distance (D) du corps de la crosse (5), caractérisée en ce que le vérin d'amortissement (7) est composé d'un cylindre (11) et d'un piston (14) monté d'une manière coulissante en direction axiale (X-X') dans le cylindre (11) et solidaire avec une tige (15) sortant partiellement du vérin (7), la tige (15) étant relié à la plaque de couche (6) ou au corps de la crosse (5) respectivement, et le cylindre (11) étant relié au corps de la crosse (5) ou à la plaque de couche (6) respectivement, le vérin d'amortissement (7) comprenant deux chambres d'huiles (17-18) qui sont en communication interne par un passage d'huile (19) calibré et dont le volume d'une chambre (17-18) diminue sous l'effet d'un déplacement du piston (14), tandis que le volume de l'autre chambre (17-18) augmente et le vérin (7) est placé de telle façon que, lors du tir, la crosse (4) a tendance à descendre de l'épaule (27) et de la joue (28) du tireur.A shoulder-to-shoulder firearm comprising a carcass (2), a barrel (3) and a butt (4) adapted to support the weapon (1) against the shoulder (27) and / or against the cheek (28) of the shooter, the butt (4) being formed by a body (5) and a butt plate (6) in the extension of the body (5) to press the weapon (1) against the shoulder (27) of the shooter, comprising a damping cylinder (7) connected to the body of the buttstock (5) and to the butt plate and comprising a return spring (24) which, at rest, acts directly or indirectly on the butt plate (6) in order to separate the latter from a distance (D) from the body of the butt (5), characterized in that the damping cylinder (7) is composed of a cylinder (11) and a piston (14) slidably mounted axially (X-X ') in the cylinder (11) and integral with a rod (15) partially extending from the cylinder (7), the rod (15) being connected to the plate of layer (6) or the body of the butt (5) respectivem ent, and the cylinder (11) being connected to the body of the butt (5) or to the butt plate (6) respectively, the damping cylinder (7) comprising two oil chambers (17-18) which are in internal communication by an oil passage (19) calibrated and whose volume of a chamber (17-18) decreases under the effect of a displacement of the piston (14), while the volume of the other chamber (17-18) increases and the cylinder (7) is placed so that, when fired, the butt (4) tends to descend from the shoulder (27) and cheek (28) of the shooter. Arme à feu selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le vérin (7) est positionné de telle façon à ce que, quand la plaque de couche (6) se rapproche du corps de la crosse (5), par enfoncement de la plaque de couche (6), la crosse (4) a tendance à descendre par rapport à la plaque de couche (6).Firearm according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylinder (7) is positioned in such a way that when the layer plate (6) approaches the body of the butt (5), by pressing the plate layer (6), the butt (4) has a tendency to descend relative to the butt plate (6). Arme à feu selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que le vérin (7) est positionné de telle façon que l'axe (X-X') du vérin (7) forme un angle avec l'axe du canon, cet angle étant dirigé vers le bas.Firearm according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the jack (7) is positioned in such a way that the axis (X-X ') of the jack (7) is at an angle to the barrel axis. angle being directed downwards. Arme à feu selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que le vérin (7) est positionné de telle façon à ce que l'axe (X-X') du vérin (7) forme un angle (A) avec la base de la plaque de couche (6) en face du pied (10) du corps de la crosse (5).Firearm according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cylinder (7) is positioned in such a way that the axis (X-X ') of the cylinder (7) forms an angle (A) with the base the butt plate (6) facing the foot (10) of the butt body (5). Arme à feu selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le passage d'huile (19) est formé par un gicleur (20).Firearm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the oil passage (19) is formed by a nozzle (20). Arme à feu selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que les deux chambres d'huiles (17-18) sont interconnectées par un deuxième passage (35) dans lequel est situé un clapet anti-retour (34), ce passage (35) laissant passer un plus grand débit que le premier passage (19).Firearm according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two oil chambers (17-18) are interconnected by a second passage (35) in which a non-return valve (34) is located. passage (35) allowing a greater flow than the first passage (19). Arme à feu selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que le clapet anti-retour (34) est un clapet avec une bille (36) qui, au repos, obstrue un orifice (37) du deuxième passage (35) par l'action d'un ressort anti-retour (38).Firearm according to claim 6, characterized in that the non-return valve (34) is a valve with a ball (36) which, at rest, obstructs an orifice (37) of the second passage (35) by the action of a non-return spring (38). Arme à feu selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que le clapet anti-retour (34) est monté de telle façon que la bille (36) du clapet anti-retour (34) est poussé vers une position ouverte contre l'action du ressort anti-retour (38) quand la plaque de couche (6) est déplacée en s'écartant du corps de la crosse (5).Firearm according to claim 7, characterized in that the non-return valve (34) is mounted in such a way that the ball (36) of the non-return valve (34) is pushed towards an open position against the action of the non-return spring (38) when the butt plate (6) is moved away from the body of the butt (5). Arme à feu selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le ressort de rappel (24) est monté à l'intérieure du vérin (7) et agit sur le piston (14).Firearm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the return spring (24) is mounted inside the cylinder (7) and acts on the piston (14). Arme à feu selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la plaque de couche (6) est réalisée comme une plaque qui amorti le choc de recul occasionné par un tir.Firearm according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the butt plate (6) is made as a plate which dampens the recoil shock caused by a shot. Arme à feu selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le piston (14) du vérin (7) est un piston simple avec un seul piston (14) qui divise le compartiment interne (16) du cylindre (11) en deux chambres d'huile (17-18) fermées qui sont reliées par un passage d'huile (19) interne dans le piston (14).Firearm according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the piston (14) of the cylinder (7) is a single piston with a single piston (14) which divides the internal compartment (16) of the cylinder (11) in two closed oil chambers (17-18) which are connected by an internal oil passage (19) in the piston (14). Arme à feu selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisée en ce que le piston (14) du vérin (7) est un piston double avec deux pistons (14) relié par une tige (15) et limitant un compartiment fermé (32) qui est divisé en deux chambres d'huiles (17-18) par un col (33) interne du cylindre (11), les chambres (17-18) étant reliés par un passage d'huile (19) dans le col (33).Firearm according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the piston (14) of the cylinder (7) is a double piston with two pistons (14) connected by a rod (15) and limiting a closed compartment (32) which is divided into two oil chambers (17-18) by an internal neck (33) of the cylinder (11), the chambers (17-18) being connected by an oil passage (19) in the neck (33). Arme à feu selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que l'ouverture entre le corps de crosse (5) et la plaque de couche (6) est couverte par un manchon (31).Firearm according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the opening between the butt body (5) and the diaper plate (6) is covered by a sleeve (31). Arme à feu selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est pourvue de moyens (25) pour empêcher la rotation de la plaque de couche (6) autour du vérin d'amortissement (7).Firearm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is provided with means (25) for preventing rotation of the diaper plate (6) around the damping cylinder (7).
EP10003898.3A 2009-05-08 2010-04-13 Improved shoulder firearm Withdrawn EP2249116A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE2009/0294A BE1018580A3 (en) 2009-05-08 2009-05-08 IMPROVED SHOULDER SHIELD.

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EP2249116A3 EP2249116A3 (en) 2013-07-03

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Publication number Publication date
EP2249116A3 (en) 2013-07-03
RU2010117153A (en) 2011-11-10
BE1018580A3 (en) 2011-04-05
US20100281727A1 (en) 2010-11-11
US8413361B2 (en) 2013-04-09
RU2464519C2 (en) 2012-10-20

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