EP1004843B1 - Device for controlling the velocity of return into battery of an artillery gun in function of the temperature - Google Patents

Device for controlling the velocity of return into battery of an artillery gun in function of the temperature Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1004843B1
EP1004843B1 EP99402752A EP99402752A EP1004843B1 EP 1004843 B1 EP1004843 B1 EP 1004843B1 EP 99402752 A EP99402752 A EP 99402752A EP 99402752 A EP99402752 A EP 99402752A EP 1004843 B1 EP1004843 B1 EP 1004843B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
buffer
heat
sensitive element
temperature
action
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EP99402752A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1004843A1 (en
Inventor
Joel Brianne
Alain Charton
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Giat Industries SA
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Giat Industries SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A25/00—Gun mountings permitting recoil or return to battery, e.g. gun cradles; Barrel buffers or brakes
    • F41A25/02—Fluid-operated systems

Definitions

  • the technical field of the invention is that of links elastics for artillery cannon.
  • the elastic link consists of a shooting brake and a recuperator.
  • the firing brake is intended to brake and limit the recoil of the retracting mass after firing.
  • the recuperator is responsible for storing part of the energy back and then return it to the receding mass for bring it back in battery, ready for a new shot.
  • the receding mass When re-entering the battery, the receding mass is gradually braked at the end of the race, in order to avoid brutal contact with the lookout.
  • This braking is generally provided by a shock buffer which penetrates inside a ring by laminating the oil located between the two parts.
  • This braking device at the end of re-entry into the battery generally part of the fire brake.
  • the fire brake oil has a variable viscosity. At low temperatures, the viscosity increases, causing braking to slow down at the end of reentry in battery, therefore an increase in the time of returned to the battery. This causes a slowdown in rates of fire from the artillery cannon which is very detrimental to the weapon system.
  • the subject of the invention is a device for regulation of the speed of re-entry into battery of a gun temperature-dependent artillery, including a shock pad cooperating with a ring, so as to ensure progressive braking of the barrel at the end of reentry in battery by rolling the oil through a leakage section located between the stamp and the ring.
  • This device is characterized in that it comprises at least one device for modulation comprising a thermosensitive element produced in a shape memory alloy, an element which deformation, an increase in the leakage cross-section when the temperature drops below a given threshold.
  • the heat-sensitive element may be constituted by the ring and / or the shock pad.
  • the element thermosensitive may be integral with the shock pad.
  • the shock buffer may include an additional oil passage, the cross section of which is modified by the modulation device moved by the action of the thermosensitive element.
  • the passage additional oil may consist of at least one blind axial channel opening at the front of the shock buffer and by a blind radial channel produced at a rear level of the shock buffer, the two channels communicating with each other.
  • the modulation device may include a tube placed at inside the axial channel of the shock buffer, tube likely to block the radial channel under the action of the heat-sensitive element when the temperature exceeds the given threshold, the tube being moved axially in one direction by the action of the thermosensitive element and in the other direction by the action of a spring.
  • the shock buffer may have a second axial channel opening at the end of the radial channel to ensure additional oil passage and the modulation device may include a rod axial placed inside the first axial channel, the rod being likely to block the radial channel under the action of the heat-sensitive element when the temperature exceeds the given threshold.
  • the rod may include a groove of oil passage and can be moved axially in a sense by the action of the thermosensitive element and in the other sense by the action of a spring to bring the groove in front of the shock buffer radial channel.
  • the rod may include a radial oil passage orifice located at the level of the channel radial of the shock pad and it can be moved angularly by the thermosensitive element.
  • the device modulation will be able to include a shutter likely to block the front end of the axial channel of the shock buffer, flap angularly displaced by the heat-sensitive element.
  • a firing brake 1 according to the prior art, comprises a piston 2 sliding at inside a cylinder 3.
  • the latter has a cover 4 mounted integrally with the cylinder, and contains a fluid, usually oil.
  • the piston 2 thus defines, inside the cylinder 3, a first annular chamber 5 and a second chamber 6. It has holes 7 and 8, a first axial bore cylindrical 9, followed by a second cylindrical bore 10, smaller diameter.
  • the bore 10 receives a ring 14 integral with piston 2, the role of which will be explained below.
  • the cylinder 3 can be secured to a fixed mount of the material (not shown), and the piston 2 secured to the receding mass (not shown), or vice versa, depending on the type of artillery equipment.
  • a conical counter rod 11 is mounted integral with the cover 4 of cylinder 3.
  • the largest diameter of the counter rod, located towards its end 12, is of dimension lower than the internal bore 9 of the piston 2, so oil can circulate freely between piston 2 and the counter rod 11, the smallest diameter being located at the level cover 4.
  • a shock buffer 13 is mounted integral, for example by thread, from the end 12 of the counter rod 11.
  • the oil contained in cylinder 3 is intended, in a first, to brake the relative movement piston / cylinder when the recoiling mass recedes.
  • the braking intensity is a function of the geometry of the means of communication between the two chambers 5 and 6.
  • the means of communication is made up of the combination of holes 7 and 8 of constant geometry and the counter rod 11 of variable diameter along its length.
  • the counter rod 11 decreases the section of the orifice 7 of the piston 2, thus varying the oil passage section between the two chambers and therefore braking intensity.
  • the shock buffer can be produced according to at least two concepts.
  • the first concept is to make the slightly conical tampom outer profile, the base of the cone being located on the side of the counter rod 11.
  • the second concept is to realize one or more longitudinal grooves on the outside diameter of the pad. This or these grooves have a decreasing depth gradually towards the counter rod 11.
  • FIG. 2 represents a first embodiment a device for regulating the reentry speed in battery of a cannon according to the invention. It's a view partial of a firing brake at the level of the buffer 13, of the type from that described above in Figure 1.
  • a slight clearance or leakage section 15 remains between the outer diameter 35 of the pad 13 and the inner diameter 16 of the ring 14.
  • the outer profile of the pad being for example slightly conical, according to a concept known from the prior art as explained further upstream in the text, the trailing section 15 is variable depending on the relative position of the buffer 13 and the ring 14.
  • the fire brake oil may have a variable viscosity, which increases when the temperature drops.
  • the shock buffer is a thermosensitive element made of shape memory alloy.
  • shape memory alloys allow realize mechanical elements which, after having undergone deformation, can return to their original shape as soon as their temperature reaches a certain level. This effect is not product only at a particular temperature which is chosen when defining the mechanical element.
  • thermosensitive element object of the invention, is made from an alloy with two shape memory states reversible, i.e. it is capable of ensuring two different positions.
  • the shock pad diameter will be larger at low temperature only at high temperature, which increases the leakage section when the oil viscosity is strong.
  • the heat-sensitive element was subjected before its use to a so-called education process allowing it to occupy, depending on the temperature at which it finds subject, the two positions or states of form memorized above.
  • the education process is based on the passage of the alloy of its austenitic type crystallographic phase at its martensitic type phase.
  • the threshold temperature which corresponds to the temperature phase transition in the alloy will be easily defined by a person skilled in the art, depending on the conditions use of equipment, type of oil used and type alloy.
  • the shape memory alloy shock pad can, for example example, being made up of an alloy from the group of compounds nickel-titanium, nickel-titanium-iron, nickel-aluminum, copper-zinc-aluminum or copper-aluminum-nickel.
  • the outside diameter of the buffer 13 varies from the state of high temperature to the state of low temperature (and vice versa), causing a variation equivalent of the leakage section 15 which makes it possible to obtain a substantially stable reentry speed whatever the temperature and therefore whatever the viscosity oil.
  • the element thermosensitive could be ring 14, or both ring 14 and the shock pad 13.
  • Figures 3 and 4 show a device for regulation of the speed of re-entry into battery of a gun according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • the shock pad 13 has an additional oil passage 30 whose section is modified by a modulation device 17.
  • the modulation device 17 is composed of a tube 21 having an internal bore 22 of a heat-sensitive element tubular 20, a spring 26 and a plug 23.
  • the tube 21 is positioned inside a blind axial channel 24 of the shock buffer 13.
  • the axial channel 24 has two bearing surfaces 25 and 27 of different diameters and connected together by a shoulder 19.
  • the tube 21 has a supporting shoulder 28 against the thermosensitive element 20.
  • the spring 26, bearing on the plug 23, maintains the heat-sensitive element 20 and the shoulder 28 of the tube 21 against the shoulder 19.
  • the plug 23, which is integrally mounted by threading the front 18 of the shock pad, has a larger axial bore 29 diameter than the internal bore 22 of the tube 21, as well as a imprint 31, for example of the hexagonal type, intended for ensure its mounting.
  • the rear part 32 of the shock buffer has a channel radial 33 which opens into the axial channel 24.
  • the tubular heat-sensitive element 20 is produced in a shape memory material from the group of compounds such as defined in the previous embodiment. This item has been educated to lengthen or shorten when passing of the threshold temperature.
  • Figure 3 corresponds to the situation of a operating at a high temperature, therefore at a viscosity weak hydraulics.
  • the thermosensitive element 20 is located in consequence in the state of high temperature, i.e. that it has a small axial dimension.
  • the spring 26 has compensated for the axial shortening of element 20 by pushing one end 34 of tube 21 in front of the radial channel 33, so as to close it.
  • the passage of oil is then done only, in a traditional way, by the leakage section between the shock buffer 13 and the ring 14.
  • Figure 4 shows a temperature situation low, corresponding to a high oil viscosity.
  • the heat-sensitive element 20 a reacts to the drop in temperature, passing from the high temperature state to the state low temperature as soon as it has exceeded the temperature of threshold, extending axially. This lengthening caused the displacement of the tube 21 in a direction F, opening the additional oil passage 30 at the radial channel 33.
  • the passage 30 thus increases the amount of laminated oil and thus to modulate the mass re-entry speed receding, so as to make it substantially stable which whatever the temperature.
  • This embodiment has the advantage of being able to use the definition of shock pads known in the art prior.
  • Figures 5 and 6 show a third mode of realization of a speed regulation device reentry of a cannon according to the invention.
  • the modulation system 17 is composed of a spring 40, a rod 41, an element thermosensitive cylindrical 42 and a threaded plug 43.
  • the rod 41 has a groove 44 whose role will be explained further.
  • the additional passage of oil 30 is provided by a radial channel 45 and a blind axial channel 46.
  • the radial channel 45 opens into the axial channel 46 and passes through a second axial channel 47 in which is placed the modulation 17.
  • the heat-sensitive element 42 is made of a material with form memory of the group of compounds as defined in the first embodiment. This item was educated for lengthen or shorten when the temperature passes threshold.
  • Figure 5 corresponds to the operating situation at a high temperature, therefore at a hydraulic viscosity low.
  • the heat-sensitive element 42 is therefore located in the high temperature state, i.e. it has a strong axial dimension. In this position, the spring 40 is compressed and the radial channel 45 is closed by the rod 41. The oil passage is then done only, so traditional, by the leakage section between the buffer shock 13 and the ring 14.
  • Figure 6 shows a temperature situation low, corresponding to a high oil viscosity, where the heat-sensitive element 42 a reacts to the drop in temperature by shortening axially, passing from the high temperature state to the low temperature state.
  • This compression caused the displacement of the rod 41 in a direction F, under the influence of spring 40, until the groove 44 is located at the level of the radial channel 45, opening the additional oil passage 30.
  • the oil passage takes place then by the cumulation of the leakage section between the buffer of shock 13 and the ring 14 and the additional passage 30.
  • the advantage of this embodiment which is the mode preferential, is that the heat-sensitive element is not subject to oil pressure during operation.
  • FIG. 7 represents a fourth embodiment a device for regulating the reentry speed in battery of a cannon according to the invention.
  • This embodiment differs from the previous one only in the design of the modulation system 17.
  • This is composed of a rod 50 and a heat-sensitive element 53.
  • the rod 50 has a radial orifice 51 and a shoulder 52.
  • the front end of the shock pad has a cap 54 which holds the rod 50 axially.
  • the cap is pierced a bore 57 intended to allow the passage of the oil.
  • FIG. 8 is a view along A of the front end of the shock pad 13, excluding cap 54.
  • thermosensitive element 53 consists of a spring spiral secured on the one hand to the shock pad 13 by one of its ends 55, for example by means of screws and on the other hand of the rod 50 by the other end 56, which is for example introduced into a slot made at the end of the stem.
  • the spiral spring 53 is made of a material with form memory of the group of compounds as defined in the first embodiment. This item was educated for lengthen or shorten when the temperature passes threshold.
  • the spiral spring 53 passes from the state high temperature in low temperature state. He reacts by shortening, which causes an angular displacement of the rod 50 which brings the orifice 51 in alignment with the channel radial 45 so as to open the additional oil passage 30. The oil passage then takes place by the accumulation of the leakage section between the shock buffer 13 and the ring 14 and additional passage 30.
  • the spring hairspring 53 lengthens after the temperature of threshold, which causes an angular displacement in direction reverse of the rod 50 so as to close the radial channel 45.
  • Figure 9 shows a fifth embodiment a device for regulating the reentry speed in battery of a cannon according to the invention.
  • This embodiment differs from the previous one only in the design of the modulation system 17.
  • This is composed of a flap 60 secured to a heat-sensitive element 61 taking the form of a bent blade.
  • This blade is integral with the shock buffer 13, for example by through screws.
  • the front end of the shock pad also has a cap 54.
  • the heat-sensitive blade 61 is made of a material with form memory of the group of compounds as defined in the first embodiment. This item was educated for open or close when the temperature of threshold.
  • Figure 10 shows the front end of the impact 13 along B, excluding cap 54.
  • Figure 11 shows a temperature situation low, corresponding to a high oil viscosity, where the heat-sensitive slide 61 a reacts to a drop in temperature by unfolding, passing from the high temperature state to the state low temperature, which caused angular displacement flap 60 in a direction G, so as to bring the opening 62 opposite the passage 30.
  • the leakage section is thus increased by passage 30.
  • these mass braking devices retractable at the end of re-entry into the battery can be integrated in another type of fire brake.
  • they can be mounted in a fire brake equipped with a fur or shirt with a profiled opening instead a counter rod system.

Description

Le domaine technique de l'invention est celui des liens élastiques pour canon d'artillerie.The technical field of the invention is that of links elastics for artillery cannon.

D'une manière connue, un canon d'artillerie comporte:

  • une masse reculante, constituée essentiellement par un ensemble tube-culasse,
  • un lien élastique, généralement hydraulique, interposé entre la masse reculante et un affût du canon.
In a known manner, an artillery cannon comprises:
  • a receding mass, essentially consisting of a tube-cylinder head assembly,
  • an elastic link, generally hydraulic, interposed between the receding mass and a mount of the barrel.

Le lien élastique est constitué d'un frein de tir et d'un récupérateur. Le frein de tir est destiné à freiner et limiter le recul de la masse reculante après tir. Le récupérateur est chargé d'emmagasiner une partie de l'énergie de recul et de la restituer ensuite à la masse reculante pour la ramener en batterie, prête pour un nouveau tir.The elastic link consists of a shooting brake and a recuperator. The firing brake is intended to brake and limit the recoil of the retracting mass after firing. The recuperator is responsible for storing part of the energy back and then return it to the receding mass for bring it back in battery, ready for a new shot.

Lors de la rentrée en batterie, la masse reculante est freinée progressivement en fin de course, afin d'éviter un contact brutal avec l'affût. Ce freinage est généralement assuré par un tampon de choc qui pénètre à l'intérieur d'une bague en laminant l'huile située entre les deux pièces. Ce dispositif de freinage en fin de rentrée en batterie fait généralement partie intégrante du frein de tir.When re-entering the battery, the receding mass is gradually braked at the end of the race, in order to avoid brutal contact with the lookout. This braking is generally provided by a shock buffer which penetrates inside a ring by laminating the oil located between the two parts. This braking device at the end of re-entry into the battery generally part of the fire brake.

Un dispositif en ligne avec cet enseignement vient d'être connu du document US-H 217 H.A device in line with this teaching has just been known from document US-H 217 H.

Selon la température, l'huile du frein de tir a une viscosité variable. A basse température, la viscosité augmente, en provoquant un ralentissement du freinage en fin de rentrée en batterie, donc une augmentation du temps de rentrée en batterie. Cela engendre un ralentissement des cadences de tir du canon d'artillerie qui est très préjudiciable au système d'arme.Depending on the temperature, the fire brake oil has a variable viscosity. At low temperatures, the viscosity increases, causing braking to slow down at the end of reentry in battery, therefore an increase in the time of returned to the battery. This causes a slowdown in rates of fire from the artillery cannon which is very detrimental to the weapon system.

C'est le but de l'invention que de proposer un dispositif de régulation de la vitesse de rentrée en batterie d'un canon d'artillerie, selon la température, permettant de pallier les inconvénients précités.It is the object of the invention to propose a device regulating the speed of re-entry into battery of a cannon depending on the temperature, to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks.

Ainsi l'invention a pour objet un dispositif de régulation de la vitesse de rentrée en batterie d'un canon d'artillerie en fonction de la température, comprenant un tampon de choc coopérant avec une bague, de façon à assurer un freinage progressif du canon en fin de rentrée en batterie par laminage de l'huile au travers d'une section de fuite située entre le tampon et la bague. Ce dispositif est caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins un dispositif de modulation comprenant un élément thermosensible réalisé dans un alliage à mémoire de forme, élément assurant par sa déformation, un accroissement de la section de fuite lorsque la température descend sous un seuil donné.Thus the subject of the invention is a device for regulation of the speed of re-entry into battery of a gun temperature-dependent artillery, including a shock pad cooperating with a ring, so as to ensure progressive braking of the barrel at the end of reentry in battery by rolling the oil through a leakage section located between the stamp and the ring. This device is characterized in that it comprises at least one device for modulation comprising a thermosensitive element produced in a shape memory alloy, an element which deformation, an increase in the leakage cross-section when the temperature drops below a given threshold.

Avantageusement l'élément thermosensible pourra être constitué par la bague et/ou le tampon de choc.Advantageously, the heat-sensitive element may be constituted by the ring and / or the shock pad.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation, l'élément thermosensible pourra être solidaire du tampon de choc.According to another embodiment, the element thermosensitive may be integral with the shock pad.

Selon une première variante, le tampon de choc pourra comporter un passage supplémentaire d'huile dont la section est modifiée par le dispositif de modulation déplacé par l'action de l'élément thermosensible. Le passage supplémentaire d'huile pourra être constitué par au moins un canal axial borgne débouchant à l'avant du tampon de choc et par un canal radial borgne réalisé à un niveau arrière du tampon de choc, les deux canaux communiquant entre eux. Le dispositif de modulation pourra comprendre un tube placé à l'intérieur du canal axial du tampon de choc, tube susceptible de venir obturer le canal radial sous l'action de l'élément thermosensible lorsque la température dépasse le seuil donné, le tube étant déplacé axialement dans un sens par l'action de l'élément thermosensible et dans l'autre sens par l'action d'un ressort.According to a first variant, the shock buffer may include an additional oil passage, the cross section of which is modified by the modulation device moved by the action of the thermosensitive element. The passage additional oil may consist of at least one blind axial channel opening at the front of the shock buffer and by a blind radial channel produced at a rear level of the shock buffer, the two channels communicating with each other. The modulation device may include a tube placed at inside the axial channel of the shock buffer, tube likely to block the radial channel under the action of the heat-sensitive element when the temperature exceeds the given threshold, the tube being moved axially in one direction by the action of the thermosensitive element and in the other direction by the action of a spring.

Selon une deuxième variante, le tampon de choc pourra comporter un deuxième canal axial débouchant à l'extrémité du canal radial afin d'assurer le passage supplémentaire d'huile et le dispositif de modulation pourra comprendre une tige axiale placée à l'intérieur du premier canal axial, la tige étant susceptible de venir obturer le canal radial sous l'action de l'élément thermosensible lorsque la température dépasse le seuil donné. La tige pourra comporter une gorge de passage d'huile et pourra être déplacée axialement dans un sens par l'action de l'élément thermosensible et dans l'autre sens par l'action d'un ressort afin d'amener la gorge en face du canal radial du tampon de choc. According to a second variant, the shock buffer may have a second axial channel opening at the end of the radial channel to ensure additional oil passage and the modulation device may include a rod axial placed inside the first axial channel, the rod being likely to block the radial channel under the action of the heat-sensitive element when the temperature exceeds the given threshold. The rod may include a groove of oil passage and can be moved axially in a sense by the action of the thermosensitive element and in the other sense by the action of a spring to bring the groove in front of the shock buffer radial channel.

Selon une autre variante, la tige pourra comporter un orifice radial de passage d'huile situé au niveau du canal radial du tampon de choc et elle pourra être déplacée angulairement par l'élément thermosensible. Le dispositif de modulation poura comprendre un volet susceptible d'obturer l'extrémité avant du canal axial du tampon de choc, volet déplacé angulairement par l'élément thermosensible.According to another variant, the rod may include a radial oil passage orifice located at the level of the channel radial of the shock pad and it can be moved angularly by the thermosensitive element. The device modulation will be able to include a shutter likely to block the front end of the axial channel of the shock buffer, flap angularly displaced by the heat-sensitive element.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description de modes particuliers de réalisation, description faite en référence aux dessins annexés, et dans lesquels:

  • la figure 1 est une coupe schématique d'un frein de tir recevant un dispositif de freinage de la rentrée en batterie, en position repos.
  • la figure 2 est une coupe d'un dispositif de régulation de la vitesse de rentrée en batterie d'un canon, selon un premier mode de réalisation.
  • la figure 3 est une coupe d'un dispositif de régulation de la vitesse de rentrée en batterie d'un canon, selon un deuxième mode de réalisation, représenté à haute température.
  • la figure 4 représente le dispositif de régulation de la figure 3, à basse température.
  • la figure 5 est une coupe d'un dispositif de régulation de la vitesse de rentrée en batterie d'un canon, selon un troisième mode de réalisation, représenté à haute température.
  • la figure 6 représente le dispositif de régulation de la figure 5, à basse température.
  • la figure 7 est une coupe d'un dispositif de régulation de la vitesse de rentrée en batterie d'un canon, selon un quatrième mode de réalisation.
  • la figure 8 est une vue suivant A de l'extrémité avant du tampon de choc de la figure 7.
  • la figure 9 est une coupe d'un dispositif de régulation de la vitesse de rentrée en batterie d'un canon, selon un cinquième mode de réalisation.
  • la figure 10 est une vue suivant B de l'extrémité avant du tampon de choc de la figure 9, représenté à haute température.
  • la figure 11 est une vue suivant B de l'extrémité avant du tampon de choc de la figure 9, représenté à basse température.
The invention will be better understood on reading the description of particular embodiments, description made with reference to the accompanying drawings, and in which:
  • Figure 1 is a schematic section of a firing brake receiving a battery reentry braking device, in the rest position.
  • Figure 2 is a section of a device for regulating the speed of re-entry into the battery of a gun, according to a first embodiment.
  • Figure 3 is a section of a device for regulating the speed of re-entry into the battery of a gun, according to a second embodiment, shown at high temperature.
  • FIG. 4 represents the regulation device of FIG. 3, at low temperature.
  • Figure 5 is a section of a device for regulating the speed of reentry into the battery of a gun, according to a third embodiment, shown at high temperature.
  • FIG. 6 represents the regulation device of FIG. 5, at low temperature.
  • Figure 7 is a section of a device for regulating the speed of reentry into the battery of a gun, according to a fourth embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 is a view along A of the front end of the shock pad of FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 9 is a section through a device for regulating the speed of re-entry into the battery of a gun, according to a fifth embodiment.
  • Figure 10 is a view along B of the front end of the shock pad of Figure 9, shown at high temperature.
  • Figure 11 is a view along B of the front end of the shock pad of Figure 9, shown at low temperature.

En se reportant à la figure 1, un frein de tir 1 selon l'art antérieur, comporte un piston 2 coulissant à l'intérieur d'un cylindre 3. Ce dernier comporte un couvercle 4 monté de façon solidaire au cylindre, et contient un fluide, généralement de l'huile.Referring to FIG. 1, a firing brake 1 according to the prior art, comprises a piston 2 sliding at inside a cylinder 3. The latter has a cover 4 mounted integrally with the cylinder, and contains a fluid, usually oil.

Le piston 2 définit ainsi, à l'intérieur du cylindre 3, une première chambre annulaire 5 et une deuxième chambre 6. Il comporte des orifices 7 et 8, un premier alésage axial cylindrique 9, suivi d'un deuxième alésage cylindrique 10, de diamètre plus réduit. L'alésage 10 reçoit une bague 14 solidaire du piston 2, dont le rôle sera explicité plus loin.The piston 2 thus defines, inside the cylinder 3, a first annular chamber 5 and a second chamber 6. It has holes 7 and 8, a first axial bore cylindrical 9, followed by a second cylindrical bore 10, smaller diameter. The bore 10 receives a ring 14 integral with piston 2, the role of which will be explained below.

Le cylindre 3 peut être solidaire d'un affût fixe du matériel (non représenté), et le piston 2 solidaire de la masse reculante (non représentée), ou inversement, selon le type de matériel d'artillerie.The cylinder 3 can be secured to a fixed mount of the material (not shown), and the piston 2 secured to the receding mass (not shown), or vice versa, depending on the type of artillery equipment.

Une contre-tige 11 conique est montée solidaire au couvercle 4 du cylindre 3. Le plus grand diamètre de la contre-tige, situé vers son extrémité 12, est de dimension inférieure à l'alésage interne 9 du piston 2, de telle sorte que l'huile peut circuler librement entre le piston 2 et la contre-tige 11, le plus petit diamètre étant situé au niveau du couvercle 4.A conical counter rod 11 is mounted integral with the cover 4 of cylinder 3. The largest diameter of the counter rod, located towards its end 12, is of dimension lower than the internal bore 9 of the piston 2, so oil can circulate freely between piston 2 and the counter rod 11, the smallest diameter being located at the level cover 4.

Un tampon de choc 13 est monté solidaire, par exemple par filetage, de l'extrémité 12 de la contre-tige 11.A shock buffer 13 is mounted integral, for example by thread, from the end 12 of the counter rod 11.

L'huile contenue dans le cylindre 3 est destinée, dans un premier temps, à assurer le freinage du mouvement relatif piston/cylindre lors du recul de la masse reculante. L'intensité du freinage est fonction de la géométrie du moyen de communication entre les deux chambres 5 et 6. Ici le moyen de communication est constitué par la combinaison des orifices 7 et 8 de géométrie constante et de la contre-tige 11 de diamètre variable sur sa longueur. Lors du mouvement relatif piston/cylindre, la contre-tige 11 vient diminuer la section de l'orifice 7 du piston 2, faisant ainsi varier la section de passage de l'huile entre les deux chambres et donc l'intensité de freinage.The oil contained in cylinder 3 is intended, in a first, to brake the relative movement piston / cylinder when the recoiling mass recedes. The braking intensity is a function of the geometry of the means of communication between the two chambers 5 and 6. Here the means of communication is made up of the combination of holes 7 and 8 of constant geometry and the counter rod 11 of variable diameter along its length. During movement relative piston / cylinder, the counter rod 11 decreases the section of the orifice 7 of the piston 2, thus varying the oil passage section between the two chambers and therefore braking intensity.

Dans un deuxième temps, l'huile est destinée à assurer le freinage de la masse reculante en fin de rentrée en batterie. Pour cela, le tampon de choc 13 pénètre à l'intérieur de la bague 14 du piston 2 en laminant l'huile au travers d'une section de fuite située entre les deux pièces. D'une manière connue, afin d'assurer un freinage progressif lors de la rentré en batterie, le tampon de choc peut être réalisé selon au moins deux concepts. Le premier concept consiste à réaliser le profil extérieur du tampom légèrement conique, la base du cône étant située du coté de la contre-tige 11. Le deuxième concept consiste à réaliser une ou plusieurs rainures longitudinales sur le diamètre extérieur du tampon. Cette ou ces rainures présentent une profondeur s'amenuisant progressivement en direction de la contre-tige 11.In a second step, the oil is intended to ensure the braking of the recoiling mass at the end of reentry into the battery. For this, the shock pad 13 penetrates inside the ring 14 of piston 2 by laminating the oil through a leakage section located between the two parts. In a way known, in order to ensure progressive braking during returned to the battery, the shock buffer can be produced according to at least two concepts. The first concept is to make the slightly conical tampom outer profile, the base of the cone being located on the side of the counter rod 11. The second concept is to realize one or more longitudinal grooves on the outside diameter of the pad. This or these grooves have a decreasing depth gradually towards the counter rod 11.

La figure 2 représente un premier mode de réalisation d'un dispositif de régulation de la vitesse de rentrée en batterie d'un canon selon l'invention. C'est une vue partielle d'un frein de tir au niveau du tampon 13, du type de celui décrit précédemment à la figure 1.FIG. 2 represents a first embodiment a device for regulating the reentry speed in battery of a cannon according to the invention. It's a view partial of a firing brake at the level of the buffer 13, of the type from that described above in Figure 1.

De façon connue, un léger jeu ou section de fuite 15 subsiste entre le diamètre extérieur 35 du tampon 13 et le diamètre interne 16 de la bague 14. Le profil extérieur du tampon étant par exemple légèrement conique, selon un concept connu de l'art antérieur comme explicité plus en amont dans le texte, la section de fuite 15 est variable selon la position relative du tampon 13 et de la bague 14. Ainsi, lors de la rentrée en batterie de la masse reculante, l'huile est laminée de manière progressive au niveau de la section de fuite 15, assurant un freinage progressif de la masse reculante.In known manner, a slight clearance or leakage section 15 remains between the outer diameter 35 of the pad 13 and the inner diameter 16 of the ring 14. The outer profile of the pad being for example slightly conical, according to a concept known from the prior art as explained further upstream in the text, the trailing section 15 is variable depending on the relative position of the buffer 13 and the ring 14. Thus, when when the retracting mass re-enters the battery, the oil is gradually laminated at the section of leak 15, ensuring progressive braking of the mass recoiling.

Selon la température, l'huile du frein de tir peut présenter une viscosité variable, celle-ci augmentant lorsque la température baisse.Depending on the temperature, the fire brake oil may have a variable viscosity, which increases when the temperature drops.

Dans ce mode de réalisation, le tampon de choc est un élément thermosensible réalisé en alliage à mémoire de forme. In this embodiment, the shock buffer is a thermosensitive element made of shape memory alloy.

Les alliages dits à mémoire de forme permettent de réaliser des éléments mécaniques qui, après avoir subi une déformation, peuvent retrouver leur forme initiale dès que leur température atteint un certain niveau. Cet effet ne se produit qu'à une température particulière qui est choisie lors de la définition de l'élément mécanique.The so-called shape memory alloys allow realize mechanical elements which, after having undergone deformation, can return to their original shape as soon as their temperature reaches a certain level. This effect is not product only at a particular temperature which is chosen when defining the mechanical element.

L'élément thermosensible, objet de l'invention, est réalisé dans un alliage à deux états de mémoire de forme réversibles, c'est à dire qu'il est capable d'assurer deux positions différentes. Ainsi, dans ce mode de réalisation, le diamètre du tampon de choc sera plus grand à basse température qu'à haute température, ce qui permet d'augmenter la section de fuite lorsque la viscosité de l'huile est forte.The thermosensitive element, object of the invention, is made from an alloy with two shape memory states reversible, i.e. it is capable of ensuring two different positions. Thus, in this embodiment, the shock pad diameter will be larger at low temperature only at high temperature, which increases the leakage section when the oil viscosity is strong.

L'élément thermosensible a été soumis préalablement à son utilisation à un processus dit d'éducation lui permettant d'occuper, en fonction de la température à laquelle il se trouve soumis, les deux positions ou états de forme mémorisés précitées. Le processus d'éducation repose sur le passage de l'alliage de sa phase cristallographique de type austénitique à sa phase de type martensitique.The heat-sensitive element was subjected before its use to a so-called education process allowing it to occupy, depending on the temperature at which it finds subject, the two positions or states of form memorized above. The education process is based on the passage of the alloy of its austenitic type crystallographic phase at its martensitic type phase.

Les propriétés de ces alliages et leurs processus d'éducation sont bien connus de l'homme du métier et ne seront donc pas décrits plus en détail.The properties of these alloys and their processes are well known to those skilled in the art and do not will therefore not be described in more detail.

La température de seuil qui correspond à la température de transition de phase dans l'alliage sera aisément défini par l'homme du métier, en fonction des conditions d'utilisation du matériel, du type d'huile utilisé et du type d'alliage.The threshold temperature which corresponds to the temperature phase transition in the alloy will be easily defined by a person skilled in the art, depending on the conditions use of equipment, type of oil used and type alloy.

Le tampon de choc en alliage à mémoire de forme peut, par exemple, être constitué par un alliage du groupe des composés nickel-titane, nickel-titane-fer, nickel-aluminium, cuivre-zinc-aluminium ou cuivre-aluminium-nickel.The shape memory alloy shock pad can, for example example, being made up of an alloy from the group of compounds nickel-titanium, nickel-titanium-iron, nickel-aluminum, copper-zinc-aluminum or copper-aluminum-nickel.

Lorsque la température de l'huile diminue en passant de l'état dit de haute température à l'état dit de basse température en dépassant la température de seuil, le diamètre extérieur 35 du tampon de choc diminue, ce qui accroít la section de fuite 15 entre le tampon de choc 13 et la bague 14.When the oil temperature drops from the so-called high temperature state the so-called low state temperature exceeding the threshold temperature, the diameter outside 35 of the shock pad decreases, which increases the leakage section 15 between the shock buffer 13 and the ring 14.

Ainsi selon la température, le diamètre extérieur du tampon 13 varie de l'état de haute température à l'état de basse température (et inversement), entraínant une variation équivalente de la section de fuite 15 qui permet d'obtenir une vitesse de rentrée en batterie sensiblement stable quelle que soit la température et donc quelle que soit la viscosité de l'huile.Depending on the temperature, the outside diameter of the buffer 13 varies from the state of high temperature to the state of low temperature (and vice versa), causing a variation equivalent of the leakage section 15 which makes it possible to obtain a substantially stable reentry speed whatever the temperature and therefore whatever the viscosity oil.

L'homme du métier définira aisément la variation nécessaire de la section de fuite, donc du diamètre extérieur du tampon, en fonction du type de matériel et du type d'huile utilisée, afin d'obtenir une vitesse de rentrée en batterie sensiblement stable quelle que soit la température.A person skilled in the art will easily define the variation necessary from the leakage section, therefore from the outside diameter of the pad, depending on the type of material and the type of oil used, in order to obtain a reentry speed substantially stable whatever the temperature.

Selon une variante de réalisation, l'élément thermosensible pourrait être la bague 14, ou à la fois la bague 14 et le tampon de choc 13.According to an alternative embodiment, the element thermosensitive could be ring 14, or both ring 14 and the shock pad 13.

L'avantage de ce mode de réalisation est de ne nécessiter aucune pièce supplémentaire, seul l'utilisation d'un alliage particulier, à mémoire de forme, étant nécessaire.The advantage of this embodiment is that it does not require no additional parts, only the use of an alloy particular, shape memory, being necessary.

Les figures 3 et 4 représentent un dispositif de régulation de la vitesse de rentrée en batterie d'un canon selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention.Figures 3 and 4 show a device for regulation of the speed of re-entry into battery of a gun according to a second embodiment of the invention.

Dans ce mode de réalisation, le tampon de choc 13 possède un passage supplémentaire d'huile 30 dont la section est modifiée par un dispositif de modulation 17.In this embodiment, the shock pad 13 has an additional oil passage 30 whose section is modified by a modulation device 17.

Le dispositif de modulation 17 est composé d'un tube 21 présentant un alésage interne 22, d'un élément thermosensible tubulaire 20, d'un ressort 26 et d'un bouchon 23. Le tube 21 est positionné à l'intérieur d'un canal axial borgne 24 du tampon de choc 13. Le canal axial 24 présente deux portées 25 et 27 de diamètres différents et reliées entre elles par un épaulement 19. Le tube 21 présente un épaulement 28 en appui contre l'élément thermosensible 20. Le ressort 26, en appui sur le bouchon 23, maintient l'élément thermosensible 20 et l'épaulement 28 du tube 21 contre l'épaulement 19. Le bouchon 23, qui est monté solidaire par filetage de l'avant 18 du tampon de choc, présente un alésage axial 29 de plus grand diamètre que l'alésage interne 22 du tube 21, ainsi qu'une empreinte 31, par exemple de type hexagonale, destinée à assurer son montage.The modulation device 17 is composed of a tube 21 having an internal bore 22 of a heat-sensitive element tubular 20, a spring 26 and a plug 23. The tube 21 is positioned inside a blind axial channel 24 of the shock buffer 13. The axial channel 24 has two bearing surfaces 25 and 27 of different diameters and connected together by a shoulder 19. The tube 21 has a supporting shoulder 28 against the thermosensitive element 20. The spring 26, bearing on the plug 23, maintains the heat-sensitive element 20 and the shoulder 28 of the tube 21 against the shoulder 19. The plug 23, which is integrally mounted by threading the front 18 of the shock pad, has a larger axial bore 29 diameter than the internal bore 22 of the tube 21, as well as a imprint 31, for example of the hexagonal type, intended for ensure its mounting.

La partie arrière 32 du tampon de choc comporte un canal radial 33 qui débouche à l'intérieur du canal axial 24.The rear part 32 of the shock buffer has a channel radial 33 which opens into the axial channel 24.

Le passage supplémentaire d'huile 30 est ainsi assuré par le canal radial 33, le canal axial 24, l'alésage interne 22 du tube 21, puis l'alésage interne 29 du bouchon 23.The additional passage of oil 30 is thus ensured by the radial channel 33, the axial channel 24, the internal bore 22 of the tube 21, then the internal bore 29 of the plug 23.

L'élément thermosensible tubulaire 20 est réalisé en un matériau à mémoire de forme du groupe des composés tel que défini dans le mode de réalisation précédent. Cet élément a été éduqué pour s'allonger ou se raccourcir lors du passage de la température de seuil.The tubular heat-sensitive element 20 is produced in a shape memory material from the group of compounds such as defined in the previous embodiment. This item has been educated to lengthen or shorten when passing of the threshold temperature.

Ainsi, la figure 3 correspond à la situation d'un fonctionnement à une température élevée, donc à une viscosité hydraulique faible. L'élément thermosensible 20 se trouve en conséquence dans l'état de haute température, c'est à dire qu'il présente une dimension axiale faible. Dans cette position, le ressort 26 a compensé le raccourcissement axial de l'élément 20 en poussant une extrémité 34 du tube 21 devant le canal radial 33, de façon à l'obturer. Le passage d'huile se fait alors uniquement, de manière traditionnelle, par la section de fuite entre le tampon de choc 13 et la bague 14.Thus, Figure 3 corresponds to the situation of a operating at a high temperature, therefore at a viscosity weak hydraulics. The thermosensitive element 20 is located in consequence in the state of high temperature, i.e. that it has a small axial dimension. In this position, the spring 26 has compensated for the axial shortening of element 20 by pushing one end 34 of tube 21 in front of the radial channel 33, so as to close it. The passage of oil is then done only, in a traditional way, by the leakage section between the shock buffer 13 and the ring 14.

La figure 4 représente une situation de température basse, correspondant à une viscosité de l'huile élevée. L'élément thermosensible 20 a réagit à la baisse de température, en passant de l'état haute température à l'état basse température dès qu'il a dépassé la température de seuil, en s'allongant axialement. Cet allongement a provoqué le déplacement du tube 21 dans une direction F, ouvrant le passage d'huile supplémentaire 30 au niveau du canal radial 33.Figure 4 shows a temperature situation low, corresponding to a high oil viscosity. The heat-sensitive element 20 a reacts to the drop in temperature, passing from the high temperature state to the state low temperature as soon as it has exceeded the temperature of threshold, extending axially. This lengthening caused the displacement of the tube 21 in a direction F, opening the additional oil passage 30 at the radial channel 33.

Le laminage d'une huile qui possède une viscosité plus élevée étant plus difficile, donc plus lente, le passage 30 permet ainsi d'augmenter la quantité d'huile laminée et ainsi de moduler la vitesse de rentrée en batterie de la masse reculante, de façon à la rendre sensiblement stable quelle que soit la température.The rolling of an oil which has a higher viscosity high being more difficult, therefore slower, the passage 30 thus increases the amount of laminated oil and thus to modulate the mass re-entry speed receding, so as to make it substantially stable which whatever the temperature.

Ce mode de réalisation présente l'avantage de pouvoir utiliser la définition des tampons de choc connus de l'art antérieur.This embodiment has the advantage of being able to use the definition of shock pads known in the art prior.

Les figures 5 et 6 représentent un troisième mode de réalisation d'un dispositif de régulation de la vitesse de rentrée en batterie d'un canon selon l'invention.Figures 5 and 6 show a third mode of realization of a speed regulation device reentry of a cannon according to the invention.

Dans ce mode de réalisation, le système de modulation 17 est composé d'un ressort 40, d'une tige 41, d'un élément thermosensible cylindrique 42 et d'un bouchon fileté 43. La tige 41 présente une gorge 44 dont le rôle sera explicité plus loin.In this embodiment, the modulation system 17 is composed of a spring 40, a rod 41, an element thermosensitive cylindrical 42 and a threaded plug 43. The rod 41 has a groove 44 whose role will be explained further.

Le passage supplémentaire d'huile 30 est assuré par un canal radial 45 et un canal axial borgne 46. Le canal radial 45 débouche dans le canal axial 46 et traverse un second canal axial 47 dans lequel est placé le dispositif de modulation 17.The additional passage of oil 30 is provided by a radial channel 45 and a blind axial channel 46. The radial channel 45 opens into the axial channel 46 and passes through a second axial channel 47 in which is placed the modulation 17.

L'élément thermosensible 42 est réalisé en un matériau à mémoire de forme du groupe des composés tel que défini dans le premier mode de réalisation. Cet élément a été éduqué pour s'allonger ou se raccourcir lors du passage de la température de seuil.The heat-sensitive element 42 is made of a material with form memory of the group of compounds as defined in the first embodiment. This item was educated for lengthen or shorten when the temperature passes threshold.

La figure 5 correspond à la situation d'un fonctionnement à une température élevée, donc à une viscosité hydraulique faible. L'élément thermosensible 42 se trouve en conséquence dans l'état de haute température, c'est à dire qu'il présente une dimension axiale forte. Dans cette position, le ressort 40 est comprimé et le canal radial 45 est obturé par la tige 41. Le passage d'huile se fait alors uniquement, de manière traditionnelle, par la section de fuite entre le tampon de choc 13 et la bague 14.Figure 5 corresponds to the operating situation at a high temperature, therefore at a hydraulic viscosity low. The heat-sensitive element 42 is therefore located in the high temperature state, i.e. it has a strong axial dimension. In this position, the spring 40 is compressed and the radial channel 45 is closed by the rod 41. The oil passage is then done only, so traditional, by the leakage section between the buffer shock 13 and the ring 14.

La figure 6 représente une situation de température basse, correspondant à une viscosité de l'huile élevée, où l'élément thermosensible 42 a réagit à la baisse de température en se raccourcissant axialement, en passant de l'état haute température à l'état basse température. Cette compression a provoqué le déplacement de la tige 41 dans une direction F, sous l'influence du ressort 40, jusqu'à ce que la gorge 44 se situe au niveau du canal radial 45, ouvrant le passage d'huile supplémentaire 30. Le passage d'huile se fait alors par le cumul de la section de fuite entre le tampon de choc 13 et la bague 14 et le passage supplémentaire 30.Figure 6 shows a temperature situation low, corresponding to a high oil viscosity, where the heat-sensitive element 42 a reacts to the drop in temperature by shortening axially, passing from the high temperature state to the low temperature state. This compression caused the displacement of the rod 41 in a direction F, under the influence of spring 40, until the groove 44 is located at the level of the radial channel 45, opening the additional oil passage 30. The oil passage takes place then by the cumulation of the leakage section between the buffer of shock 13 and the ring 14 and the additional passage 30.

L'avantage de ce mode de réalisation, qui est le mode préférentiel, est que l'élément thermosensible n'est pas soumis à la pression de l'huile lors du fonctionnement.The advantage of this embodiment, which is the mode preferential, is that the heat-sensitive element is not subject to oil pressure during operation.

La figure 7 représente un quatrième mode de réalisation d'un dispositif de régulation de la vitesse de rentrée en batterie d'un canon selon l'invention.FIG. 7 represents a fourth embodiment a device for regulating the reentry speed in battery of a cannon according to the invention.

Ce mode de réalisation ne diffère du précédent que dans la conception du système de modulation 17. Celui-ci est composé d'une tige 50 et d'un élément thermosensible 53. La tige 50 comporte un orifice radial 51 et un épaulement 52.This embodiment differs from the previous one only in the design of the modulation system 17. This is composed of a rod 50 and a heat-sensitive element 53. The rod 50 has a radial orifice 51 and a shoulder 52.

L'extrémité avant du tampon de choc comporte un capuchon 54 qui maintient axialement la tige 50. Le capuchon est percé d'un alésage 57 destiné à permettre le passage de l'huile.The front end of the shock pad has a cap 54 which holds the rod 50 axially. The cap is pierced a bore 57 intended to allow the passage of the oil.

La figure 8 est une vue suivant A de l'extrémité avant du tampon de choc 13, hors capuchon 54.FIG. 8 is a view along A of the front end of the shock pad 13, excluding cap 54.

L'élément thermosensible 53 est constitué d'un ressort spiral solidaire d'une part du tampon de choc 13 par l'une de ses extrémités 55, par exemple par l'intermédiaire de vis et d'autre part de la tige 50 par l'autre extrémité 56, qui est par exemple introduite dans une fente réalisée à l'extrémité de la tige.The thermosensitive element 53 consists of a spring spiral secured on the one hand to the shock pad 13 by one of its ends 55, for example by means of screws and on the other hand of the rod 50 by the other end 56, which is for example introduced into a slot made at the end of the stem.

Le ressort spiral 53 est réalisé en un matériau à mémoire de forme du groupe des composés tel que défini dans le premier mode de réalisation. Cet élément a été éduqué pour s'allonger ou se raccourcir lors du passage de la température de seuil.The spiral spring 53 is made of a material with form memory of the group of compounds as defined in the first embodiment. This item was educated for lengthen or shorten when the temperature passes threshold.

Lors d'une baisse de température et après le passage de la température de seuil, le ressort spiral 53 passe de l'état haute température à l'état basse température. Il réagit en se raccourcissant, ce qui provoque un déplacement angulaire de la tige 50 qui amène l'orifice 51 en alignement avec le canal radial 45 de façon à ouvrir le passage d'huile supplémentaire 30. Le passage d'huile se fait alors par le cumul de la section de fuite entre le tampon de choc 13 et la bague 14 et le passage supplémentaire 30.When the temperature drops and after passing the threshold temperature, the spiral spring 53 passes from the state high temperature in low temperature state. He reacts by shortening, which causes an angular displacement of the rod 50 which brings the orifice 51 in alignment with the channel radial 45 so as to open the additional oil passage 30. The oil passage then takes place by the accumulation of the leakage section between the shock buffer 13 and the ring 14 and additional passage 30.

Inversement, lors d'une hausse de température, le ressort spiral 53 s'allonge après le passage de la température de seuil, ce qui provoque un déplacement angulaire en sens inverse de la tige 50 de façon à fermer le canal radial 45.Conversely, when the temperature rises, the spring hairspring 53 lengthens after the temperature of threshold, which causes an angular displacement in direction reverse of the rod 50 so as to close the radial channel 45.

Le passage d'huile se fait alors uniquement, de manière traditionnelle, par la section de fuite entre le tampon de choc 13 et la bague 14.The oil passage is then done only, so traditional, by the leakage section between the buffer shock 13 and the ring 14.

La figure 9 représente un cinquième mode de réalisation d'un dispositif de régulation de la vitesse de rentrée en batterie d'un canon selon l'invention.Figure 9 shows a fifth embodiment a device for regulating the reentry speed in battery of a cannon according to the invention.

Ce mode de réalisation ne diffère du précédent que dans la conception du système de modulation 17. Celui-ci est composé d'un volet 60 solidaire d'un élément thermosensible 61 prenant la forme d'une lame coudée. Cette lame est solidaire du tampon de choc 13, par exemple par l'intermédiaire de vis.This embodiment differs from the previous one only in the design of the modulation system 17. This is composed of a flap 60 secured to a heat-sensitive element 61 taking the form of a bent blade. This blade is integral with the shock buffer 13, for example by through screws.

L'extrémité avant du tampon de choc comporte également un capuchon 54.The front end of the shock pad also has a cap 54.

La lame thermosensible 61 est réalisée en un matériau à mémoire de forme du groupe des composés tel que défini dans le premier mode de réalisation. Cet élément a été éduqué pour s'ouvrir ou se refermer lors du passage de la température de seuil.The heat-sensitive blade 61 is made of a material with form memory of the group of compounds as defined in the first embodiment. This item was educated for open or close when the temperature of threshold.

La figure 10 représente l'extrémité avant du tampon de choc 13 suivant B, hors capuchon 54.Figure 10 shows the front end of the impact 13 along B, excluding cap 54.

Elle représente une situation de température haute, correspondant à une viscosité de l'huile basse, où la lame thermosensible 61 se trouve à l'état haute température. Le volet 60 comporte une ouverture 62 qui est en position décalée par rapport au passage 30. Ce dernier étant fermé, le passage d'huile se fait alors uniquement, de manière traditionnelle, par la section de fuite entre le tampon de choc 13 et la bague 14.It represents a high temperature situation, corresponding to a low oil viscosity, where the blade thermosensitive 61 is in the high temperature state. The flap 60 has an opening 62 which is in position offset from passage 30. The latter being closed, the oil passage then only takes place, so traditional, by the leakage section between the buffer shock 13 and the ring 14.

La figure 11 représente une situation de température basse, correspondant à une viscosité de l'huile élevée, où la lame thermosensible 61 a réagit à la baisse de température en se dépliant, en passant de l'état haute température à l'état basse température, ce qui a provoqué le déplacement angulaire du volet 60 dans une direction G, de façon à amener l'ouverture 62 en face du passage 30. La section de fuite est ainsi augmentée du passage 30.Figure 11 shows a temperature situation low, corresponding to a high oil viscosity, where the heat-sensitive slide 61 a reacts to a drop in temperature by unfolding, passing from the high temperature state to the state low temperature, which caused angular displacement flap 60 in a direction G, so as to bring the opening 62 opposite the passage 30. The leakage section is thus increased by passage 30.

Bien entendu, ces dispositifs de freinage de la masse reculante en fin de rentrée en batterie peuvent être intégrés dans un autre type de frein de tir. En particulier, ils peuvent être montés dans un frein de tir équipé d'une fourrure ou chemise comportant une ouverture profilée au lieu d'un système à contre-tige.Of course, these mass braking devices retractable at the end of re-entry into the battery can be integrated in another type of fire brake. In particular, they can be mounted in a fire brake equipped with a fur or shirt with a profiled opening instead a counter rod system.

Claims (11)

  1. A device to regulate the counter-recoil rate for an artillery cannon according to the temperature, comprising a buffer (13) co-operating with a ring (14), so as to ensure the gradual braking of the cannon at the end of the counter-recoil operation by rolling the brake oil through a leakage section (15) located between the buffer and the ring, such device is characterized in that it incorporates at least one modulation device (17) comprising a heat-sensitive element made in a shape-memory alloy, such element ensuring, by its distortion, an increase in the leakage section when the temperature drops below a given threshold.
  2. A device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the heat-sensitive element is constituted by the ring (14).
  3. A device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the heat-sensitive element is integral with the buffer (13).
  4. A device according to Claim 3, characterized in that the heat-sensitive element is constituted by the buffer (13).
  5. A device according to Claim 3, characterized in that the buffer (13) incorporates an additional oil passage (30) whose section is modified by the modulation device (17) displaced by the action of the heat-sensitive device.
  6. A device according to Claim 5, characterized in that the additional oil passage (30) is constituted by at least one blind axial channel (24) opening out to the fore of the buffer (13) and by a blind radial channel (33) made somewhere to the rear (32) of the buffer, the two channels being interconnected.
  7. A device according to Claim 6, characterized in that the modulation device (17) comprises a tube (21) placed inside the axial channel (24) of the buffer (13), such tube being able to block the radial channel (33) under the action of the heat-sensitive element (20) when the temperature has reached the given threshold, such tube being displaced axially in one direction by the action of the heat-sensitive element and in the other by the action of a spring (26).
  8. A device according to Claim 6, characterized in that the buffer (13) incorporates a second blind axial channel (46) opening out at the end of the radial channel (45) so as to provide the additional oil passage (30) and in that the modulation device (17) comprises an axial rod (41) placed inside the first axial channel (41), such rod being able to block the radial channel under the action of the heat-sensitive element (42) when the temperature exceeds the given threshold.
  9. A device according to Claim 8, characterized in that the rod (41) incorporates a groove (44) for the passage of the oil and is displaced axially in one direction by the action of the heat-sensitive element (42) and in the other by the action of a spring (40) so as to bring the groove opposite the radial channel (45) of the buffer (13).
  10. A device according to Claim 8, characterized in that the rod (50) incorporates a radial opening (51) for the passage of the oil located at the radial channel (45) of the buffer and it can be displaced angularly by the heat-sensitive element (53).
  11. A device according to Claim 6, characterized in that the modulation device (17) comprises a flap (60) able to block the front end (62) of the axial channel of the buffer, such flap being displaced angularly by the heat-sensitive element (61).
EP99402752A 1998-11-25 1999-11-05 Device for controlling the velocity of return into battery of an artillery gun in function of the temperature Expired - Lifetime EP1004843B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9814929A FR2786260B1 (en) 1998-11-25 1998-11-25 DEVICE FOR REGULATING THE BATTERY RETURN SPEED OF AN ARTILLERY CANON AS A FUNCTION OF TEMPERATURE
FR9814929 1998-11-25

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1004843A1 EP1004843A1 (en) 2000-05-31
EP1004843B1 true EP1004843B1 (en) 2003-02-12

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99402752A Expired - Lifetime EP1004843B1 (en) 1998-11-25 1999-11-05 Device for controlling the velocity of return into battery of an artillery gun in function of the temperature

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US6227097B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1004843B1 (en)
DE (1) DE69905330T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2786260B1 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6644168B1 (en) * 2002-08-12 2003-11-11 General Dynamics Armament And Technical Products, Inc. System and method for active control of recoil mechanism
CN104534921B (en) * 2014-12-31 2016-05-04 于克清 Eliminate the device of recoil
CN109520371A (en) * 2018-11-27 2019-03-26 中国人民解放军陆军工程大学 A kind of cannon recuperator means liquid measure inspection method considering temperature change
US10823523B1 (en) * 2019-09-25 2020-11-03 Mandus Group Llc Temperature compensator for artillery system

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1283706B (en) * 1965-12-30 1968-11-21 Rheinmetall Gmbh Gun fluid brake
USH217H (en) * 1984-12-24 1987-02-03 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Recoil mechanism
SE469243B (en) * 1989-10-11 1993-06-07 Bofors Ab DEVICE WITH RECYCLING SYSTEM
FR2724715B1 (en) * 1994-09-19 1996-12-27 Giat Ind Sa DEVICE FOR ADJUSTING AS A FUNCTION OF THE EXTERNAL TEMPERATURE OF A BALANCING SYSTEM OF AN ARTILLERY PIECE

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69905330T2 (en) 2003-09-18
FR2786260B1 (en) 2000-12-29
EP1004843A1 (en) 2000-05-31
FR2786260A1 (en) 2000-05-26
DE69905330D1 (en) 2003-03-20
US6227097B1 (en) 2001-05-08

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