EP2245620B1 - Procédé et moyens d'encodage d'informations de bruit de fond - Google Patents

Procédé et moyens d'encodage d'informations de bruit de fond Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2245620B1
EP2245620B1 EP09711709.7A EP09711709A EP2245620B1 EP 2245620 B1 EP2245620 B1 EP 2245620B1 EP 09711709 A EP09711709 A EP 09711709A EP 2245620 B1 EP2245620 B1 EP 2245620B1
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Prior art keywords
background noise
frames
period
speech
energy
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EP09711709.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2245620A1 (fr
Inventor
Stefan Schandl
Panji Setiawan
Herve Taddei
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Unify GmbH and Co KG
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Unify GmbH and Co KG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
    • G10L19/012—Comfort noise or silence coding
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
    • G10L19/04—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis using predictive techniques
    • G10L19/16—Vocoder architecture
    • G10L19/18—Vocoders using multiple modes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to methods and means for encoding background noise information in speech signal coding methods.
  • Such a limited frequency range is also provided in many speech signal coding methods for today's digital telecommunications.
  • a bandwidth limitation of the analog signal Prior to a coding process, a bandwidth limitation of the analog signal is performed for this purpose.
  • a codec is used which, due to the described bandwidth limitation in the frequency range between 300 Hz and 3400 Hz, is also referred to below as narrow-band speech codec (Narrow Band Speech Codec).
  • the term codec is understood to mean both the coding rule for the digital coding of audio signals and the decoding rule for the decoding of data with the aim of reconstructing the audio signal.
  • a narrowband speech codec is known, for example, from ITU-T Recommendation G.729.
  • a transmission of a narrowband speech signal with a data rate of 8 kbit / s is provided.
  • broadband speech codecs Wide Band Speech Codec
  • Such an extended frequency range is e.g. between a frequency of 50 Hz and 7000 Hz.
  • a wideband speech codec is known from ITU-T Recommendation G.729.EV.
  • coding methods for broadband speech codecs are made scalable.
  • scalability it is meant here that the transmitted coded data includes various demarcated blocks containing the narrowband portion, the wideband portion and / or the full bandwidth of the coded voice signal.
  • such a scalable design allows for backward compatibility on the receiver side and, on the other hand, offers a simple possibility of adapting the data rate and the size of transmitted data frames in the transmission channel in the case of limited data transmission capacities in the transmission channel.
  • a compression of the data to be transmitted For a reduction of the data transmission rate by a codec is usually provided a compression of the data to be transmitted. Compression is achieved, for example, by coding methods in which parameters for an excitation signal and filter parameters are determined for coding the speech data. The filter parameters and parameters specifying the excitation signal are then transmitted to the receiver. There, a synthetic speech signal is synthesized using the codec, which is as similar as possible to the original speech signal in terms of a subjective hearing impression. With the help of this method, also known as "analysis-by-synthesis", the determined and digitized samples are not transmitted, but determined parameters that allow a receiver-side synthesis of the speech signal.
  • a further measure for reducing the data transmission rate is provided by a method for discontinuous transmission (Discontinuous Transmission), which is also familiar in the art under the term DTX.
  • Discontinuous Transmission a method for discontinuous transmission
  • document US 2008/0027716 A1 discloses a DTX signaling.
  • the basic goal of DTX is to reduce the data transfer rate in the event of a speech break.
  • a pause detection (Voice Activity Detection, VAD) is used on the part of the transmitter, which recognizes when a certain signal level falls below a speech break.
  • VAD Voice Activity Detection
  • Comfort noise is noise that is synthesized to fill silence phases on the receiver's side.
  • the comfort noise serves as a subjective impression of a continuing connection, without claiming the data transmission rate intended for the transmission of speech signals. In other words, less effort is required to code the speech data for the transmitter-side coding of the noise. For a receiver-side still perceived as realistic synthesizing the comfort noise data are transmitted at a much lower data rate.
  • the data transmitted here will be Also referred to in the art as SID (Silence Insertion Description).
  • discontinuous transmission methods provide for transmission of SID frames with updated background noise characterization parameters only when significant changes in background noise energy during an inactive speech period (silence) are detected by the encoder. This applies to both narrowband (50Hz to 4kHz) and wideband speech codecs which support discontinuous transmission techniques.
  • an Energy Threshold specified in the decoder is used. This means that no SID frames are sent if the defined energy limit is not exceeded.
  • a suspension of transmission of SID frames is regarded as idle channel.
  • additional data exchange may be required to indicate that the connection is to be maintained.
  • a well-known additional data exchange currently takes place in such a way that administrative bodies in the network management of the transmission network are the sending node, i. request the sending encoder to retransmit the last transmitted SID frame if the elapsed idle period to the last SID frame sent is considered too long for the corresponding connection. For such retransmission, parameters of the retransmitted SID frame are not updated. The encoder does not perform any additional actions.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an improved implementation of the discontinuous transmission in scalable speech codecs.
  • a basic idea of the invention is to design the encoder of a speech codec in such a way that, after a previously determined idle period, it carries out a new determination or calculation of parameters via the background noise, in particular the averaged energy and the autocorrelation function. Said determination of the background noise parameters in other words corresponds to an encoding of the noise signal.
  • Administrative authorities in the network inform the encoder about the idle time set in the transmission network. The encoder thus determines the idle time, for example by requesting administrative bodies in the transmission network. Such a request is necessary only once if the determined idle time is stored by the encoder.
  • An advantage of the method according to the invention is that in order to decide whether to send updated background noise parameters in the form of an updated SID frame, no comparison of the energy of the background noise signal with an energy limit value is required.
  • the method thus saves computational resources compared with the known methods.
  • Another advantage is that the set period of time between two SID frames complies with the requirements of the respective transmission network.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides a SID structure (SID Bitstream Structure) in which the narrowband portion of the background noise information is separated from the broadband portion of the background noise information.
  • SID Bitstream Structure SID Bitstream Structure
  • Separate handling of narrowband and broadband background noise information in a SID frame enables separate encoding of the narrowband and wideband portions of the background noise and makes the processing transparent.
  • This embodiment also has the advantage that it can be determined on the receiver side whether comfort noise is based on the broadband component of the transmitted data SID framework or on the basis of the narrowband component. This is of particular advantage for the receiver-side acoustic reception in a situation where the transmission rate for speech information frames has been reduced such that only narrowband speech information is transmitted.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that energy and autocorrelation function of the background noise are determined to determine the background noise parameters of the narrowband first portion of the background noise.
  • the narrowband portion requires averaging over a relatively long period of speech break, in practice over a period of e.g. 100 ms.
  • the calculation quantities used according to this embodiment include the energy (not the logarithmic energy) and the autocorrelation function.
  • an additional overhang period (hangover period) is introduced according to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention.
  • the newly introduced overhang period in the following: DTX overhang period serves another previously unknown purpose compared to the previously known VAD overhang period (Voice Activity Detection). While both types of overhanging period aim to identify multiple frames as active speech frames and thus avoid misclassification at the end of a speech signal, the DTX overhang period has the additional purpose of gathering information about the background noise.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the broadband second component is attenuated.
  • the attenuation of the broadband component plays a role in the attenuation of the entire energy component in the broadband component. This measure is necessary due to the fact that the generator for generating (synthesizing) the comfort noise in the decoder is unable to produce the same noise characteristics as the original background noise in the encoder.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that is applied to the entire background noise signal, ie the combination of broadband and narrowband portion, a downstream emphasis reduction filter ("De-emphasis Post Filter”).
  • the "De-Emphasis Post Filter” leads to a de-emphasis of the energy and the higher frequency components. Since the averaging deforms the spectral envelope in a certain way, this attenuation can advantageously contribute to reducing the disturbing effect of a disturbed broadband noise on a human receiver.
  • the single FIGURE shows a temporal representation of a transition from a classified as a speech to a classified as background noise input signal to a decoder.
  • the inventive method provides for designing the encoder so that it recalculates the averaged energy and the autocorrelation function after a certain given time. Administrative authorities in the network inform the encoder about the required idle time.
  • SID SID Bitstream Structure
  • the calculation quantities used include the energy (not the logarithmized energy) and the autocorrelation function.
  • the autocorrelation function is used for a spectral envelope presentation.
  • An overall amplification factor can be compensated by a combination of all amplification and averaging methods.
  • the values for the autocorrelation function are normalized by summing or averaging (Equally Weighted). This affects all SID frames.
  • a relatively long averaging of the narrowband portion results in smoothening of the narrowband energy and the spectral envelope, so that a sudden change in energy does not significantly affect the synthesizing of comfort noise in the receiver.
  • the same averaging period is used for both energy and averaging of the spectral envelope after a first SID frame is generated after a voice burst is applied. This measure assures a more consistent estimation of the narrowband background noise during a transition from a speech period to a speech pause.
  • FIG. 1 shows a speech signal (Speech Burst) that at a certain time t a certain signal level, threshold, shown in the drawing as a dashed line, falls below.
  • the ordinate is to be understood as the level or energy value of the signal.
  • a pause detection (Voice Activity Detection, VAD) is used on the part of the transmitter, which detects when the threshold falls below a speech break.
  • VAD Voice Activity Detection
  • the VAD method provides for a known overhang period VAD-HO in which active voice frames are still transmitted and only after typically two frame lengths transitions into a mode which provides for generation of SID frames.
  • an additional overhang period DTX-HO is introduced.
  • the new overhang period DTX-HO follows the hitherto known overhang period VAD-HO, which is used as a black box.
  • VAD-HO hitherto known overhang period
  • the signal processed in the encoder is still classified as a speech signal, while at the same time a determination is already made starts from background noise parameters.
  • the data rate of the speech coding is already reduced, since no high-quality encoding is needed at the beginning of a speech break.
  • a portion of the overhead period is used for averaging the first SID frame.
  • the aforementioned embodiments preferably relate to the last frames FRAMES within an overhang period DTX-HO, VAD-HO.
  • the information of the first frames of the overhang period is preferably not used.
  • the newly introduced overhanging period DTX-HO serves a further hitherto unnoticed purpose compared to the well-known overhang period VAD-HO, which was previously motivated by the needs of voice activity detection. While both types of overhang periods DTX-HO, VAD-HO aim to identify multiple frames as active speech frames and thus avoid misclassification at the end of a speech signal, the DTX-overhang period DTX-HO has the additional purpose of providing information about the speech Raise background noise.
  • the new overhanging period DTX-HO provides additional assurance that after expiration of the overhanging period DTX-HO there will definitely be background noise and no speech signals at the input of the decoder.
  • VAD-HO could not be ruled out that it was the background signal exclusively to the adjacent signal.
  • speech fragments speech bursts
  • the new overhang period DTX-HO is used exclusively for learning the background noise.
  • an advantageous setting is e.g. to choose such that a period of two frames - cf. dashed axis FRAMES - is provided for the known overhang period VAD-HO and a period of five frames for the new overhang period DTX-HO.
  • the attenuation of the broadband component plays a role in the attenuation of the entire energy component in the broadband component. This measure is necessary due to the fact that the generator for generating (synthesizing) the comfort noise in the decoder is unable to produce the same noise characteristics as the original background noise in the encoder.
  • the output wideband speech signal ie the combination of broadband and narrowband components
  • a downstream de-emphasis postfilter This filtering mainly attenuates higher frequency components.
  • the De-Emphasis Post Filter also leads to a de-emphasis of the energy and the higher frequency components. Because the averaging deforms the spectral envelope in some way, this attenuation can help to reduce the disturbing effect of a disturbed wideband noise on a human receiver.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Audiology, Speech & Language Pathology (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Computational Linguistics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Telephonic Communication Services (AREA)
  • Compression, Expansion, Code Conversion, And Decoders (AREA)
  • Telephone Function (AREA)
  • Transmission Systems Not Characterized By The Medium Used For Transmission (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Procédé servant à générer des trames SID en vue d'une transmission discontinue de paramètres de bruit de fond par l'intermédiaire d'un réseau de transmission, à l'aide duquel des signaux audio sont transmis d'un émetteur à un récepteur lors de la télécommunication, dans lequel une détermination périodique de paramètres de bruit de fond et une génération effectuée sur la base des paramètres de bruit de fond déterminés et un envoi de trames SID sont prévus dans le procédé,
    dans lequel la période correspond à un temps d'inactivité (Idle Period), réglé dans le réseau de transmission, du réseau de transmission.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'un signal vocal est utilisé en tant que signal audio.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que pour décider si les paramètres de bruit de fond doivent être envoyés sous la forme d'une des trames SID, un réglage d'un intervalle de temps entre deux trames SID à envoyer est effectué en lieu et place d'une comparaison de l'énergie d'un signal de bruit de fond à une valeur limite d'énergie.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que des paramètres de bruit de fond d'une première partie à bande étroite et d'une deuxième partie à bande large sont déterminés, et en ce que la génération de la trame SID est effectuée avec des zones séparées pour la première et la deuxième partie.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce qu'il est défini du côté du récepteur si un bruit de confort doit être effectué sur la base de la deuxième partie à bande large des trames SID transmises ou sur la base de la première partie à bande étroite.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que pour définir les paramètres de bruit de fond de la première partie à bande étroite du bruit de fond, une énergie et une fonction d'autocorrélation du bruit de fond sont déterminées.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce qu'une moyenne des paramètres de bruit de fond de la première partie à bande étroite est établie sur une période de 100 millisecondes.
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que l'énergie du bruit de fond est déterminée en lieu et place d'une énergie logarithmique du bruit de fond.
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'une période résiduelle supplémentaire (Hangover Period, DTX-HO) est prévue lors du passage d'un signal classé comme voix à un signal classé comme bruit de fond, au cours de laquelle période résiduelle une définition de paramètres de bruit de fond est effectuée.
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que la période résiduelle supplémentaire (DTX-HO) se situe dans le prolongement d'une période résiduelle connue (VAD-HO), dans laquelle par ailleurs des trames vocales actives sont envoyées.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que la période résiduelle supplémentaire (DTX-HO) et la période résiduelle connue (VAD-HO) présentent respectivement des trames (FRAMES), et en ce que le nombre des trames (FRAMES) est choisi de telle manière que sont prévues une durée de deux trames pour la période résiduelle connue (VAD-HO) et une durée de cinq trames pour la période résiduelle supplémentaire (DTX-HO).
  12. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 9, caractérisé en ce que la deuxième partie à bande large est atténuée.
  13. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un filtre de désaccentuation (De-Emphasis Post Filter) installé en aval est appliqué sur l'ensemble du signal de bruit de fond.
  14. Codec comprenant des moyens servant à mettre en oeuvre le procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 13.
  15. Codec selon la revendication 14, caractérisé par une implémentation dans la recommandation UIT-T connue en soi G.729.1 (05/06).
EP09711709.7A 2008-02-19 2009-02-02 Procédé et moyens d'encodage d'informations de bruit de fond Active EP2245620B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008009718A DE102008009718A1 (de) 2008-02-19 2008-02-19 Verfahren und Mittel zur Enkodierung von Hintergrundrauschinformationen
PCT/EP2009/051123 WO2009103610A1 (fr) 2008-02-19 2009-02-02 Procédé et moyens d’encodage d’informations de bruit de fond

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EP2245620A1 EP2245620A1 (fr) 2010-11-03
EP2245620B1 true EP2245620B1 (fr) 2017-08-30

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US (1) US8949121B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2245620B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5415460B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR101216496B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101952887B (fr)
DE (1) DE102008009718A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2440674C1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009103610A1 (fr)

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CN103187065B (zh) 2011-12-30 2015-12-16 华为技术有限公司 音频数据的处理方法、装置和系统
US8868415B1 (en) * 2012-05-22 2014-10-21 Sprint Spectrum L.P. Discontinuous transmission control based on vocoder and voice activity
PL2959480T3 (pl) * 2013-02-22 2016-12-30 Sposoby i urządzenia do ramek hangover transmisji przerywanej w kodowaniu dźwięku
US9572103B2 (en) * 2014-09-24 2017-02-14 Nuance Communications, Inc. System and method for addressing discontinuous transmission in a network device
JP7195344B2 (ja) 2018-07-27 2022-12-23 ドルビー ラボラトリーズ ライセンシング コーポレイション パーベイシブ・リステニングのための強制ギャップ挿入

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EP2245620A1 (fr) 2010-11-03
WO2009103610A1 (fr) 2009-08-27
KR20100123734A (ko) 2010-11-24
CN101952887A (zh) 2011-01-19
JP5415460B2 (ja) 2014-02-12
RU2440674C1 (ru) 2012-01-20
DE102008009718A1 (de) 2009-08-20
KR101216496B1 (ko) 2012-12-31
DE102008009718A8 (de) 2009-12-17
US20110004471A1 (en) 2011-01-06
CN101952887B (zh) 2013-05-29
JP2011515705A (ja) 2011-05-19
US8949121B2 (en) 2015-02-03

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