EP2244015A1 - Pre-mix burner - Google Patents
Pre-mix burner Download PDFInfo
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- EP2244015A1 EP2244015A1 EP09158558A EP09158558A EP2244015A1 EP 2244015 A1 EP2244015 A1 EP 2244015A1 EP 09158558 A EP09158558 A EP 09158558A EP 09158558 A EP09158558 A EP 09158558A EP 2244015 A1 EP2244015 A1 EP 2244015A1
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- Prior art keywords
- pilot
- pilot gas
- channel
- burner
- gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/34—Feeding into different combustion zones
- F23R3/343—Pilot flames, i.e. fuel nozzles or injectors using only a very small proportion of the total fuel to insure continuous combustion
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a premix burner having a pilot burner and an igniter.
- Premix burners are primarily used to prevent the formation of so-called hotspots in the flame, i. the emergence of flame inhomogeneities with very hot flame areas to avoid.
- the aim here is to reduce the NOx emissions resulting from combustion.
- the production of NOx increases exponentially with the flame temperature. A reduction in the peak temperature (hotspots) of the flame temperature therefore leads to a reduction in NOx production.
- a premix flame To minimize the temperature of a premix flame, it is often operated with a lean fuel-air mixture at the limit of stability, i. In comparison to the combustion air, so little fuel is added that a mixture that is just ignitable is formed.
- lean mixtures can lead to instabilities in the premix flame which, as a result, induce pressure oscillations in the combustion system.
- a pilot burner In order to stabilize the premixed flame of a lean mixture, therefore, a pilot burner is used which operates as a diffusion burner, i. the fuel and the combustion air are fed to the flame without being intensively mixed beforehand.
- the proportion of the pilot fuel at the total amount of fuel to the burner is about 5 to 10%.
- the pilot burner may also be used to ignite the flame.
- Hybrid burners which comprise both a premix burner and a diffusion burner.
- Premix burner is arranged concentrically around the diffusion burner.
- the diffusion burner also includes a pilot fuel supply to use it as a pilot burner can.
- the EP 1 712 837 A1 describes a burner, which from the basic structure forth in DE 197 57 617 A1 and WO 00/12933 similar burners described. However, there are no separate supply channels for diffusion gas, ie gas, which is used for the diffusion operation of the burner, and pilot gas, so gas, which is used to operate the pilot burner, available. Instead, both the diffusion gas and the pilot gas may be supplied through the same fuel supply passage (s). In this way, a gas supply system can be saved.
- the pilot flame is ignited via the flame of the diffusion burner. This can therefore be done so that a diffusion burner is usually operated to start a gas turbine and the pilot burner only then when it is transferred to the premixing of the burner is needed.
- a pilot burner is usually still available, with which the diffusion gas is ignited.
- Such a pilot burner is for example in EP 0 193 838 B1 described. If now, as in EP 1 712 837 A1 described, only a common fuel supply system for the diffusion gas and the pilot gas is present, a suitable ignition device is necessary because the pilot burner, as it is used in conventional hybrid burners, this is not readily suitable.
- a premix burner according to the invention comprises an air supply channel, a pilot gas supply channel which has at least one channel wall facing the pilot supply channel and a pilot gas outlet end opening into the air supply channel, and an ignition element upstream of the pilot gas outlet end in the air supply channel, which can be designed, for example, as a two-pole ignition electrode.
- an ignition element upstream of the pilot gas outlet end in the air supply channel, which can be designed, for example, as a two-pole ignition electrode.
- the inventive design of the premix burner allows a direct ignition of the pilot gas, d. H. without first having to ignite a diffusion flame which is supplied via its own diffusion gas channel and without its own ignition burner only having to be used for the purpose of ignition with an associated ignition gas channel.
- pilot gas can escape from the at least one gas outlet opening in the air supply channel and form there together with the air an ignitable mixture, which flows past the ignition element located downstream.
- the burner can therefore be simplified overall design, since fewer gas strands are necessary, resulting in a cost reduction in the manufacture of the burner.
- the pilot gas supply channel preferably has a flow resistance downstream of the at least one gas outlet opening.
- the flow resistance leads in the upstream gas to a pressure increase, which ensures that sufficient gas for forming an ignitable mixture in the region of the ignition element emerges through the gas outlet opening in the air supply channel.
- the flow resistance for example, by a constriction, in particular be realized by a constriction at the pilot gas outlet end of the pilot gas supply channel.
- a structurally simple way to realize the constriction is to arrange a arranged on the channel wall and inwardly directed projection in the interior of the channel.
- Another possibility is to introduce an obstacle body in the pilot gas supply channel.
- Such a body could be, for example, an aerodynamically shaped body, a grid, a mesh, etc.
- the duct wall upstream of the ignition element may have at least two gas outlet openings offset in the flow direction. In this way, the amount of exiting pilot gas can be increased without increasing the opening cross-sections of the gas outlet openings, and thus their aerodynamics would have to be changed.
- the pilot gas supply channel is designed as a pilot gas pipe, which is guided through an interior of the burner and which exits at an exit point located to the ignition element from the interior and projects into the air supply channel.
- the tube wall in this case forms the channel wall, and the at least one gas outlet opening is arranged in the projecting into the air supply passage portion of the pilot gas tube.
- Fig. 1 shows a burner according to the invention in a schematic sectional view.
- Fig. 2 shows a pilot gas pipe with gas outlet openings arranged therein.
- Fig. 3 shows the pilot gas pipe Fig. 2 in a section along the line III-III.
- Fig. 4 shows the projecting into the air passage portion of the pilot gas tube in a section along its longitudinal axis.
- Fig. 5 shows the outlet end of a second variant of the pilot gas tube.
- Fig. 6 shows the outlet end of a third variant of the pilot gas tube.
- Fig. 7 shows the outlet end of a fourth variant of the pilot gas tube.
- Fig. 8 shows the outlet end of a fifth variant of the pilot gas tube.
- Fig. 9 shows the outlet end of a sixth variant of the pilot gas tube.
- the burner 1 is essentially rotationally symmetrical about a burner axis A with a burner output 9 which is open towards a combustion chamber 7. It has a central burner lance 13, which has a supply channel for liquid fuels and at its combustion chamber side end 15 has one or more atomizing nozzles for injecting a liquid fuel into the flame prevailing in the combustion chamber 7 flame.
- the burner lance 13 then serves to generate a liquid fuel fed with a diffusion flame. If the burner is designed solely for general operation with gaseous fuels, instead of the described burner lance 13, a dummy is used which in its outer geometry is similar to the burner lance described, but without the atomizing nozzles at the combustion chamber end 15.
- the annular space 19 serves to supply fuel gas into an air supply passage 21 through which the air necessary for maintaining the flame is supplied to the burner 1.
- the annular space 19 has gas outlet openings 20.
- the burner 1 so-called Axialgitter 30, which provide for a turbulence of the air and the fuel gas and thereby for intimate mixing of the two.
- the intimately premixed air-fuel mixture is fed via the burner outlet 9 of the combustion chamber 7, where it is burned.
- the premixed air-fuel mixture is made lean, that is, the amount of fuel in the mixture is kept as low as possible, thereby avoiding NOx-forming temperature spikes in the resulting premix flame.
- a pilot flame unlike the premix flame as Diffusion flame operated, serves to stabilize the premix flame, which is operated close to the stability limit, in order to avoid the occurrence of pressure fluctuations in the combustion chamber due to combustion oscillations. In contrast to the premix flame, there is no intimate mixing of fuel and air in the diffusion flame before they are fed to the flame.
- the pilot flame serves not only to stabilize the premix flame, but also to ignite the premix flame.
- pilot gas tubes 23 are guided through the annular interior 19 between the cylindrical wall 17 and the burner lance 13 to the combustion chamber end of the interior 19. There, they pass through a substantially cone-shaped end wall 25 and protrude with a pipe section 27 into the air supply channel 21.
- the combustor side ends 29 of the pilot gas tubes 23 are open and serve to inject pilot gas into the air flowing through the annular air supply passage 21.
- In the air supply passage 21 also protrudes an igniter 31 with a two-pole ignition electrode 33 inside.
- the tip 35 of the two-pole ignition electrode 33 which represents the actual ignition element of the burner 1, is located upstream of the open outlet ends 29 of the pilot gas tubes 23.
- the two-pole ignition electrode 35 is located close to a pilot gas pipe. It should be noted that the tip 35 of the ignition electrode 32 does not necessarily have to be on the same radial line as one of the pilot gas tubes 23. It is only important that the tip 35 is brought close enough to one of the tubes 23.
- the pilot gas tube 23 arranged in the vicinity of the igniter 31 is provided, in addition to the opening in the outlet end 29, with at least one gas outlet opening 37 situated upstream of the tube wall in the tube wall 29.
- three gas outlet openings 37 a, 37 b, 37 c are provided, which are designed as offset in the axial direction of the tube 23 and in the circumferential direction of the tube 23 holes.
- the arrangement of the holes are in the FIGS. 2 and 3 shown, where Fig. 2 a view of the holes in the pilot gas pipe 23 and Fig. 3 shows a section through the pipe wall 39 of the pilot gas pipe 23 along the line III-III.
- the distribution of the bores 37a, 37b, 37c are chosen with a view to optimizing the distribution profile of the gas exiting through the bores 37.
- the gas outlet openings 37 are arranged in the pilot gas tube 23 upstream of the electrode tip 35, i. Gas exiting from the gas outlet openings 37, which is injected into the air flowing through the air supply channel 21, flows along the electrode tip 35, so that the gas can be ignited by means of a spark.
- a flow resistance is arranged in the pilot gas tube 23 downstream of the gas outlet openings. This leads to an increase in pressure upstream of the flow resistance, which ensures that sufficient pilot gas for a successful ignition through the gas outlet openings 37a, 37b, 37c in the air supply passage 21 exits.
- FIG. 4 A detail view of the projecting into the air supply passage 21 section 27 of the pilot gas tube 23 is in Fig. 4 shown in an enlarged sectional view. In this view, only one of the extending through the pipe wall 39 gas outlet openings 37 can be seen.
- a sleeve 41 is inserted into the pilot gas tube 23, which reduces the flow cross-section available to the pilot gas in the pilot gas tube 23 in the region of the outlet end 29. In this way the gas pressure upstream of the sleeve 41 is increased so far that sufficient pilot gas escapes through the gas outlet openings 37.
- FIG. 5 An alternative variant for generating a flow resistance in the region of the outlet end 29 of the pilot gas tube 23 is in Fig. 5 shown.
- the pilot gas tube 23 at the outlet end 29 a frustoconical wall portion 43, which causes the outlet opening 45 at the pilot gas outlet end 29 has a reduced compared to the flow cross-section of the pilot gas tube 23 opening cross-section. This also makes it possible to bring about a suitable pressure increase in the region upstream of the gas outlet openings 37.
- FIG. 6 Another variant for introducing a flow resistance into the pilot gas pipe 23 is in Fig. 6 shown.
- the pilot gas tube 23 has, shortly before the outlet end 29, a V-shaped recess 47 running around its circumference, which leads to a reduction of the flow cross-section available for the pilot gas in the region of the recess.
- the reduction of the flow cross section in turn leads to a pressure increase upstream of the indentation 47.
- Fig. 7 Another variant of the flow resistance is in Fig. 7 shown.
- the pilot gas pipe 23 has an inwardly directed bead 49 which extends around the circumference of the pipe and leads to a reduction of the flow cross section available for the pilot gas and thus to an increase in pressure upstream of the bead 49, shortly before the pilot gas exit end 29.
- FIG. 8 Yet another variant of the flow resistance is in Fig. 8 shown.
- the pipe wall 39 is cylindrical up to the pilot gas exit end 29.
- the pressure-increasing reduction of the flow cross-section in the pilot gas pipe 23 is effected by an aerodynamically shaped Insert 51, which is secured by means of struts 53 on the inside of the tube wall 39.
- the attachment can be done by means of a braze or a welded joint.
- it is also possible to fix the struts by means of a screw connection to the tube wall 39.
- pilot gas tube 23 has up to its pilot gas outlet end 29 a cylindrical tube wall 39. Shortly before the pilot gas outlet end 29 or directly at the pilot exit end 29, a grid 55 is inserted into the pilot gas tube 23, which constitutes a flow obstacle for the pilot gas flowing through the pilot gas tube 23 and thus leads to an increase in pressure upstream of the grid 55.
- the invention described with reference to the embodiment makes it possible for a burner in which the pilot burner has only pilot gas supply channels as the only gas supply channels to cause ignition of the burner without specially available and own fuel supply having pilot burner.
- the burner according to the invention therefore comes with only two gas supply systems, namely the supply system for the pilot gas and the supply system for the gas in premixing from. A reduction in the complexity of the burner and the associated production costs is the result.
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Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Vormischbrenner, welcher einen Pilotbrenner und einen Zünder aufweist.The present invention relates to a premix burner having a pilot burner and an igniter.
Vormischbrenner werden in erster Linie dazu verwendet, das Entstehen sogenannter Hotspots in der Flamme, d.h. das Entstehen von Flammeninhomogenitäten mit sehr heißen Flammenbereichen, zu vermeiden. Ziel ist es hierbei, die bei der Verbrennung entstehenden NOx-Emissionen zu verringern. Die Produktion von NOx steigt exponentiell mit der Flammentemperatur. Eine Verringerung von Spitzenwerten (Hotspots) der Flammentemperatur führt daher zu einer Verminderung der NOx-Produktion.Premix burners are primarily used to prevent the formation of so-called hotspots in the flame, i. the emergence of flame inhomogeneities with very hot flame areas to avoid. The aim here is to reduce the NOx emissions resulting from combustion. The production of NOx increases exponentially with the flame temperature. A reduction in the peak temperature (hotspots) of the flame temperature therefore leads to a reduction in NOx production.
Um die Temperatur einer Vormischflamme möglichst gering zu halten, wird diese häufig mit einem mageren Brennstoff-LuftGemisch an der Grenze der Stabilität betrieben, d.h. es wird im Verhältnis zur Verbrennungsluft so wenig Brennstoff beigemischt, dass ein gerade noch zündfähiges Gemisch entsteht. Derart magere Gemische können jedoch zu Instabilitäten in der Vormischflamme führen, die im Ergebnis Druckschwingungen im Verbrennungssystem induzieren. Um die Vormischflamme eines mageren Gemisches zu stabilisieren, findet daher ein Pilotbrenner Verwendung, der als Diffusionsbrenner betrieben wird, d.h. der Brennstoff und die Verbrennungsluft werden ohne vorher intensiv vermischt zu werden, der Flamme zugeführt. Der Anteil des Pilotbrennstoffes an der dem Brenner insgesamten Brennstoffmenge beträgt ca. 5 bis 10 %. Außer zum Stabilisieren der Vormischflamme kann der Pilotbrenner auch zum Zünden der Flamme zur Anwendung kommen.To minimize the temperature of a premix flame, it is often operated with a lean fuel-air mixture at the limit of stability, i. In comparison to the combustion air, so little fuel is added that a mixture that is just ignitable is formed. However, such lean mixtures can lead to instabilities in the premix flame which, as a result, induce pressure oscillations in the combustion system. In order to stabilize the premixed flame of a lean mixture, therefore, a pilot burner is used which operates as a diffusion burner, i. the fuel and the combustion air are fed to the flame without being intensively mixed beforehand. The proportion of the pilot fuel at the total amount of fuel to the burner is about 5 to 10%. In addition to stabilizing the premix flame, the pilot burner may also be used to ignite the flame.
In
Die
Üblicherweise wird die Pilotflamme über die Flamme des Diffusionsbrenners gezündet. Dies kann deshalb so erfolgen, da ein Diffusionsbrenner in der Regel zum Anfahren einer Gasturbine betrieben wird und der Pilotbrenner erst anschließend, wenn zum Vormischbetrieb des Brenners übergegangen wird, benötigt wird. Hierzu ist in der Regel noch ein Zündbrenner vorhanden, mit dem das Diffusionsgas gezündet wird. Ein derartiger Zündbrenner ist beispielsweise in
Es ist daher Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, einen Brenner ohne eigene Diffusionsgaszufuhr zur Verfügung zu stellen, welcher eine Zündanordnung aufweist, die das Vorhandensein eines eigenen Zündbrenners überflüssig macht.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a burner without its own diffusion gas supply, which has an ignition arrangement which renders the existence of a separate pilot burner superfluous.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch einen Vormischbrenner nach Anspruch 1 gelöst. Die abhängigen Ansprüche enthalten vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung.This object is achieved by a premix burner according to
Ein erfindungsgemäßer Vormischbrenner umfasst einen Luftzufuhrkanal, einen Pilotgaszufuhrkanal, welcher wenigstens eine dem Pilotzufuhrkanal zugewandte Kanalwand und ein in den Luftzufuhrkanal mündendes Pilotgasaustrittsende aufweist, sowie einen zum Pilotgasaustrittsende im Luftzufuhrkanal stromauf gelegenes Zündelement, das beispielsweise als zweipolige Zündelektrode ausgebildet sein kann. In der Kanalwand des Pilotgaszufuhrkanals ist wenigstens eine stromauf zum Zündelement gelegene Gasaustrittsöffnung vorhanden.A premix burner according to the invention comprises an air supply channel, a pilot gas supply channel which has at least one channel wall facing the pilot supply channel and a pilot gas outlet end opening into the air supply channel, and an ignition element upstream of the pilot gas outlet end in the air supply channel, which can be designed, for example, as a two-pole ignition electrode. In the channel wall of the pilot gas supply channel, at least one gas outlet opening located upstream of the ignition element is present.
Die erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung des Vormischbrenners ermöglicht ein direktes Zünden des Pilotgases, d. h. ohne dass zuvor eine über einen eigenen Diffusionsgaskanal versorgte Diffusionsflamme gezündet werden muss und ohne dass ein eigener lediglich zum Zwecke der Zündung vorhandener Zündbrenner mit zugehörigen Zündgaskanal nötig ist. Zum Zwecke der Zündung kann Pilotgas aus der wenigstens einen Gasaustrittsöffnung in den Luftzufuhrkanal austreten und dort zusammen mit der Luft ein zündfähiges Gemisch bilden, welches am stromab gelegenen Zündelement vorbeiströmt. Der Brenner kann daher insgesamt konstruktiv vereinfacht werden, da weniger Gasstränge nötig sind, was zu einer Kostenreduzierung bei der Herstellung des Brenners führt.The inventive design of the premix burner allows a direct ignition of the pilot gas, d. H. without first having to ignite a diffusion flame which is supplied via its own diffusion gas channel and without its own ignition burner only having to be used for the purpose of ignition with an associated ignition gas channel. For the purpose of ignition pilot gas can escape from the at least one gas outlet opening in the air supply channel and form there together with the air an ignitable mixture, which flows past the ignition element located downstream. The burner can therefore be simplified overall design, since fewer gas strands are necessary, resulting in a cost reduction in the manufacture of the burner.
Im erfindungsgemäßen Brenner weist der Pilotgaszufuhrkanal stromab der wenigstens einen Gasaustrittsöffnung vorzugsweise einen Strömungswiderstand auf. Der Strömungswiderstand führt im stromauf befindlichen Gas zu einer Druckerhöhung, welche sicherstellt, dass genügend Gas zum Bilden eines zündfähigen Gemischs im Bereich des Zündelements durch die Gasaustrittsöffnung in dem Luftzufuhrkanal austritt. Der Strömungswiderstand kann beispielsweise durch eine Verengung, insbesondere durch eine Verengung am Pilotgasaustrittsende des Pilotgaszufuhrkanals, realisiert sein.In the burner according to the invention, the pilot gas supply channel preferably has a flow resistance downstream of the at least one gas outlet opening. The flow resistance leads in the upstream gas to a pressure increase, which ensures that sufficient gas for forming an ignitable mixture in the region of the ignition element emerges through the gas outlet opening in the air supply channel. The flow resistance, for example, by a constriction, in particular be realized by a constriction at the pilot gas outlet end of the pilot gas supply channel.
Eine konstruktiv einfache Möglichkeit, die Verengung zu realisieren besteht darin, einen an der Kanalwand angeordneten und nach innen gerichteten Vorsprung im Inneren des Kanals anzuordnen. Alternativ besteht auch die Möglichkeit, die Verengung durch eine in den Kanal eingesetzte, den Kanalquerschnitt verringernde Hülse zu realisieren. Eine weitere Möglichkeit besteht darin, einen Hinderniskörper in den Pilotgaszufuhrkanal einzubringen. Ein solcher Körper könnte beispielsweise ein aerodynamisch geformter Körper, ein Gitter, ein Geflecht, etc. sein.A structurally simple way to realize the constriction is to arrange a arranged on the channel wall and inwardly directed projection in the interior of the channel. Alternatively, it is also possible to realize the constriction by an inserted into the channel, the channel cross-section reducing sleeve. Another possibility is to introduce an obstacle body in the pilot gas supply channel. Such a body could be, for example, an aerodynamically shaped body, a grid, a mesh, etc.
Im erfindungsgemäßen Vormischbrenner kann die Kanalwand stromauf zum Zündelement wenigstens zwei in Strömungsrichtung versetzte Gasaustrittsöffnungen aufweisen. Auf diese weise lässt sich die Menge an austretendem Pilotgas vergrößern, ohne dass die Öffnungsquerschnitte der Gasaustrittsöffnungen vergrößert, und damit ihre Aerodynamik verändert werden müsste.In the premix burner according to the invention, the duct wall upstream of the ignition element may have at least two gas outlet openings offset in the flow direction. In this way, the amount of exiting pilot gas can be increased without increasing the opening cross-sections of the gas outlet openings, and thus their aerodynamics would have to be changed.
Um ein breiteres Profil des in den Luftzufuhrkanal eingebrachten Pilotbrennstoffes zu verbreitern ist es möglich, wenigstens zwei senkrecht zur Strömungsrichtung der durch den Luftzufuhrkanal strömenden Luft versetzte Gasaustrittsöffnungen in der Kanalwand stromauf zum Zündelement anzuordnen.In order to widen a wider profile of the pilot fuel introduced into the air supply duct, it is possible to arrange at least two gas outlet openings, offset perpendicular to the flow direction of the air flowing through the air supply duct, in the duct wall upstream of the ignition element.
In einer konstruktiven Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Vormischbrenners ist der Pilotgaszufuhrkanal als Pilotgasrohr ausgebildet, welches durch einen Innenraum des Brenners geführt ist und welches an einer zum Zündelement stromauf gelegenen Austrittsstelle aus dem Innenraum austritt und in den Luftzufuhrkanal hinein ragt. Die Rohrwand bildet hierbei die Kanalwand, und die wenigstens eine Gasaustrittsöffnung ist im in den Luftzufuhrkanal hineinragenden Abschnitt des Pilotgasrohres angeordnet. Das Einbringen eines oder mehrer Pilotgasrohre ist insbesondere auch nachträglich in bereits bestehende Brenner möglich, so dass bestehende Brenner umgerüstet werden können.In a constructive embodiment of the premix burner according to the invention, the pilot gas supply channel is designed as a pilot gas pipe, which is guided through an interior of the burner and which exits at an exit point located to the ignition element from the interior and projects into the air supply channel. The tube wall in this case forms the channel wall, and the at least one gas outlet opening is arranged in the projecting into the air supply passage portion of the pilot gas tube. The introduction of one or more Pilot gas pipes is also possible in retrospect in already existing burners, so that existing burners can be converted.
Weitere Merkmale, Eigenschaften und Vorteile der vorliegenden Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung eines Ausführungsbeispiels unter Bezugnahme auf die beiliegenden Figuren.Further features, properties and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of an embodiment with reference to the accompanying figures.
Nachfolgend wird mit Bezug auf
Um die Brennerlanze 13 herum ist eine zylindrische Wand 17 vorhanden, die einen zwischen der Wand 17 und der Brennerlanze 13 gebildeten Innenraum 19 umschließt. Der ringförmige Innenraum 19 dient zur Zufuhr von Brenngas in einen Luftzufuhrkanal 21, durch den die zum Aufrechterhalten der Flamme nötige Luft dem Brenner 1 zugeführt wird. Hierzu weist der ringförmige Innenraum 19 Gasaustrittsöffnungen 20 auf. Stromauf des Brennerausgangs 9 weist der Brenner 1 sogenannte Axialgitter 30 auf, die für eine Verwirbelung der Luft und des Brenngases und dadurch für eine innige Vermischung der beiden sorgen. Das innig vorgemischte Luft-Brennstoff-Gemisch wird über den Brennerausgang 9 der Brennkammer 7 zugeführt, wo es verbrannt wird.Around the burner lance 13 around a
Um die Bildung NOx gering zu halten, wird das vorgemischte Luft-Brennstoff-Gemisch mager eingestellt, d.h. der Brennstoffanteil im Gemisch wird so gering wie möglich gehalten, wodurch NOx-bildende Temperaturspitzen in der entstehenden Vormischflamme vermieden werden können. Eine Pilotflamme, die im Gegensatz zum Vormischflamme als Diffusionsflamme betrieben wird, dient dazu, die Vormischflamme, die nahe an der Stabilitätsgrenze betrieben wird, zu stabilisieren, um das Entstehen von Druckschwankungen in der Brennkammer aufgrund von Verbrennungsschwingungen zu vermeiden. In der Diffusionsflamme erfolgt im Unterschied zur Vormischflamme keine innige Vermischung von Brennstoff und Luft, bevor diese der Flamme zugeführt werden. Die Pilotflamme dient nicht nur zum Stabilisieren der Vormischflamme, sondern auch zum Zünden der Vormischflamme.To minimize formation of NOx, the premixed air-fuel mixture is made lean, that is, the amount of fuel in the mixture is kept as low as possible, thereby avoiding NOx-forming temperature spikes in the resulting premix flame. A pilot flame, unlike the premix flame as Diffusion flame operated, serves to stabilize the premix flame, which is operated close to the stability limit, in order to avoid the occurrence of pressure fluctuations in the combustion chamber due to combustion oscillations. In contrast to the premix flame, there is no intimate mixing of fuel and air in the diffusion flame before they are fed to the flame. The pilot flame serves not only to stabilize the premix flame, but also to ignite the premix flame.
Um eine Pilotflamme zu speisen, sind Pilotgasrohre 23 durch den ringförmigen Innenraum 19 zwischen der zylinderförmigen Wand 17 und der Brennerlanze 13 bis zum brennkammerseitigen Ende des Innenraums 19 geführt. Dort treten sie durch eine im Wesentlichen kegelmantelförmige Stirnwand 25 hindurch und ragen mit einem Rohrabschnitt 27 in den Luftzufuhrkanal 21 hinein. Die brennkammerseitigen Enden 29 der Pilotgasrohre 23 sind offen und dienen zum Eindüsen von Pilotgas in die durch den ringförmigen Luftzufuhrkanal 21 strömende Luft. In den Luftzufuhrkanal 21 ragt außerdem ein Zünder 31 mit einer zweipoligen Zündelektrode 33 hinein. Die Spitze 35 der zweipoligen Zündelektrode 33, die das eigentliche Zündelement des Brenners 1 darstellt, befindet sich stromauf zu den offenen Austrittsenden 29 der Pilotgasrohre 23. Sie ist so angeordnet, dass sie weitgehend auf derselben Radiallinie wie eines der Pilotgasrohre 23 angeordnet ist. Auf diese Weise befindet sich die zweipolige Zündelektrode 35 nahe an einem Pilotgasrohr. Es sei angemerkt, dass die Spitze 35 der Zündelektrode 32 nicht notwendigerweise auf derselben Radiallinie wie eines der Pilotgasrohre 23 liegen muss. Es ist lediglich von Bedeutung, dass die Spitze 35 nahe genug an eines der Rohre 23 herangeführt ist.To feed a pilot flame,
Das in der Nähe des Zünders 31 angeordnete Pilotgasrohr 23 ist zusätzlich zu der Öffnung im Austrittsende 29 mit wenigstens einer in der Rohrwand stromauf zum Austrittsende 29 gelegenen Gasaustrittsöffnung 37 ausgestattet. Im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel sind drei Gasaustrittsöffnungen 37a, 37b, 37c vorhanden, die als in Axialrichtung des Rohres 23 sowie in Umfangsrichtung des Rohres 23 versetzte Bohrungen ausgeführt sind. Die Anordnung der Bohrungen sind in den
Die Gasaustrittsöffnungen 37 sind im Pilotgasrohr 23 stromauf zur Elektrodenspitze 35 angeordnet, d.h. aus den Gasaustrittsöffnungen 37 austretendes Gas, welches in die durch den Luftzufuhrkanal 21 strömende Luft eingedüst wird, strömt entlang der Elektrodenspitze 35, so dass das Gas mittels eines Zündfunkens gezündet werden kann.The
Um den Austritt einer für die Zündung hinreichenden Gasmenge durch die Gasaustrittsöffnungen 37a bis 37c zu gewährleisten, ist in dem Pilotgasrohr 23 stromab von den Gasaustrittsöffnungen ein Strömungswiderstand angeordnet. Dieser führt dazu, dass stromauf zum Strömungswiderstand eine Druckerhöhung stattfindet, die dafür sorgt, dass genügend Pilotgas für eine erfolgreiche Zündung durch die Gasaustrittsöffnungen 37a, 37b, 37c in den Luftzufuhrkanal 21 austritt.In order to ensure the discharge of a sufficient amount of gas for the ignition through the gas outlet openings 37a to 37c, a flow resistance is arranged in the
Eine Detailansicht des in den Luftzufuhrkanal 21 hineinragenden Abschnitts 27 des Pilotgasrohres 23 ist in
Eine alternative Variante zum Erzeugen eines Strömungswiderstandes im Bereich des Austrittsendes 29 des Pilotgasrohres 23 ist in
Eine weitere Variante zum Einführen eines Strömungswiderstandes in das Pilotgasrohr 23 ist in
Eine weitere Variante des Strömungswiderstandes ist in
Noch eine weitere Variante des Strömungswiderstandes ist in
Noch eine weitere Variante für den Strömungswiderstand im Pilotgasrohr 23 ist in
Die anhand des Ausführungsbeispiels beschriebe Erfindung ermöglicht es bei einem Brenner, in dem der Pilotbrenner lediglich Pilotgaszufuhrkanäle als einzige Gaszufuhrkanäle aufweist, eine Zündung des Brenners ohne eigens dafür vorhandenen und eigene Brennstoffzufuhr aufweisenden Zündbrenner herbeizuführen. Der erfindungsgemäße Brenner kommt daher mit lediglich zwei Gaszufuhrsystemen, nämlich dem Zufuhrsystem für das Pilotgas und dem Zufuhrsystem für das Gas im Vormischbetrieb, aus. Eine Reduktion der Komplexität des Brenners und damit einhergehend der Herstellungskosten ist das Ergebnis.The invention described with reference to the embodiment makes it possible for a burner in which the pilot burner has only pilot gas supply channels as the only gas supply channels to cause ignition of the burner without specially available and own fuel supply having pilot burner. The burner according to the invention therefore comes with only two gas supply systems, namely the supply system for the pilot gas and the supply system for the gas in premixing from. A reduction in the complexity of the burner and the associated production costs is the result.
Claims (10)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Kanalwand (39) des Pilotgaszufuhrkanals (23) stromauf zum Zündelement (35) wenigstens eine Gasaustrittsöffnung (37) aufweist.Premix burner (1) having an air supply channel (21), at least one pilot gas supply channel (23) having at least one channel wall (39) facing the air supply channel (21) and a pilot gas exit end (29) opening into the air supply channel (21) and one to the pilot gas exit end (29) in the air supply duct (21) upstream ignition element (35),
characterized in that
the channel wall (39) of the pilot gas supply channel (23) upstream of the ignition element (35) has at least one gas outlet opening (37).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der Pilotgaszufuhrkanal (29) stromab von der wenigstens einen Gasaustrittsöffnung (37) einen Strömungswiderstand (41, 43, 47, 49, 51, 55) aufweist.Premix burner (1) according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the pilot gas supply channel (29) downstream of the at least one gas outlet opening (37) has a flow resistance (41, 43, 47, 49, 51, 55).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der Strömungswiderstand durch eine Verengung (41, 43, 47, 49) des Pilotgaszufuhrkanals (23) realisiert ist.Premix burner (1) according to claim 2,
characterized in that
the flow resistance is realized by a constriction (41, 43, 47, 49) of the pilot gas supply channel (23).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Verengung am Pilotgasaustrittsende (41, 43, 47, 49) des Pilotgaszufuhrkanals (23) angeordnet ist.Premix burner (1) according to claim 3,
characterized in that
the restriction is arranged at the pilot gas outlet end (41, 43, 47, 49) of the pilot gas supply channel (23).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Verengung durch einen an der Kanalwand (39) angeordneten nach innen gerichteten Vorsprung (47, 49) realisiert ist.Premix burner (1) according to claim 3 or claim 4,
characterized in that
the constriction is realized by an inwardly directed projection (47, 49) arranged on the channel wall (39).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Verengung durch eine in den Kanal (23) eingesetzte, den Kanalquerschnitt verringernde Hülse (41) realisiert ist.Premix burner (1) according to claim 3 or claim 4,
characterized in that
the constriction is realized by a sleeve (41) inserted into the channel (23) and reducing the channel cross-section.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Verengung durch eine in den Kanal (23) eingesetzte, den Kanalquerschnitt verringernden Körper (51, 55) realisiert ist.Premix burner (1) according to claim 3 or claim 4,
characterized in that
the constriction is realized by a body (51, 55) which reduces the channel cross-section and is inserted into the channel (23).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Kanalwand (39) stromauf zum Zündelement (35) wenigstens zwei in Strömungsrichtung der Luft im Luftzufuhrkanal (21) versetzte Gasaustrittsöffnungen (37a, 37b, 37c) aufweist.Premix burner (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the channel wall (39) upstream of the ignition element (35) at least two in the flow direction of the air in the air supply passage (21) offset gas outlet openings (37a, 37b, 37c).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Kanalwand (39) stromauf zum Zündelement (35) wenigstens zwei senkrecht zur Strömungsrichtung der Luft im Luftzufuhrkanal (21) versetzte Gasaustrittsöffnungen (37a, 37b, 37c) aufweist.Premix burner (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the channel wall (39) upstream of the ignition element (35) at least two perpendicular to the flow direction of the air in the air supply channel (21) offset gas outlet openings (37a, 37b, 37c).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der wenigstens eine Pilotgaszufuhrkanal als wenigstens ein Pilotgasrohr (23) ausgebildet ist, welches durch einen Innenraum (19) des Brenners (1) geführt ist und welches an einer zum Zündelement (35) stromauf gelegenen Austrittsstelle aus dem Innenraum (19) austritt und in den Luftzufuhrkanal (21) hineinragt, wobei die Rohrwand die Kanalwand bildet und die wenigstens eine Gasaustrittsöffnung (37) in dem in den Luftzufuhrkanal (21) hineinragenden Abschnitt (27) des Pilotgasrohrs (23) angeordnet ist.Premix burner (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the at least one pilot gas supply channel is formed as at least one pilot gas tube (23) which is guided through an interior (19) of the burner (1) and which exits the interior (19) at an exit point upstream of the ignition element (35) and into the Air supply passage (21) protrudes, wherein the tube wall forms the channel wall and the at least one gas outlet opening (37) in the in the air supply passage (21) projecting portion (27) of the pilot gas pipe (23) is arranged.
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP09158558A EP2244015A1 (en) | 2009-04-23 | 2009-04-23 | Pre-mix burner |
RU2011147468/06A RU2551462C2 (en) | 2009-04-23 | 2010-01-29 | Pre-mixing burner |
CN201080017830.5A CN102414514B (en) | 2009-04-23 | 2010-01-29 | Pre-mix burner |
EP10702659A EP2422136B1 (en) | 2009-04-23 | 2010-01-29 | Pre-mix burner |
PCT/EP2010/051104 WO2010121845A1 (en) | 2009-04-23 | 2010-01-29 | Pre-mix burner |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP09158558A EP2244015A1 (en) | 2009-04-23 | 2009-04-23 | Pre-mix burner |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2244015A1 true EP2244015A1 (en) | 2010-10-27 |
Family
ID=41036755
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP09158558A Withdrawn EP2244015A1 (en) | 2009-04-23 | 2009-04-23 | Pre-mix burner |
EP10702659A Active EP2422136B1 (en) | 2009-04-23 | 2010-01-29 | Pre-mix burner |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10702659A Active EP2422136B1 (en) | 2009-04-23 | 2010-01-29 | Pre-mix burner |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP2244015A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN102414514B (en) |
RU (1) | RU2551462C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2010121845A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102901098A (en) * | 2012-10-23 | 2013-01-30 | 江苏中圣高科技产业有限公司 | Multi-head efficient pre-mixing type combustion system of ground flare |
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EP0193838B1 (en) | 1985-03-04 | 1989-05-03 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Burner disposition for combustion installations, especially for combustion chambers of gas turbine installations, and method for its operation |
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WO2000012933A1 (en) | 1998-08-26 | 2000-03-09 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Hybrid burner and method for operating a hybrid burner |
US20020132203A1 (en) * | 2001-03-19 | 2002-09-19 | Alstom (Schweiz) Ag | Gas pipe ignitor |
EP1596131A2 (en) * | 2004-05-13 | 2005-11-16 | Ansaldo Energia S.P.A. | Method of controlling a gas combustor of a gas turbine |
EP1614967A1 (en) * | 2004-07-09 | 2006-01-11 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and premixed combustion system |
EP1710502A2 (en) * | 2005-03-30 | 2006-10-11 | Ansaldo Energia S.P.A. | Gas burner assembly for a gas turbine |
EP1712837A1 (en) | 2005-04-14 | 2006-10-18 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Burner assembly and method of operating it |
WO2009032793A1 (en) * | 2007-09-06 | 2009-03-12 | Coen Company, Inc. | Burner pilot with virtual spinner |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SU1502910A1 (en) * | 1987-12-18 | 1989-08-23 | Предприятие "Средазтехэнерго" Производственного Объединения По Наладке, Совершенствованию И Эксплуатации Электростанций И Сетей "Союзтехэнерго" | Pilot burner |
-
2009
- 2009-04-23 EP EP09158558A patent/EP2244015A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2010
- 2010-01-29 CN CN201080017830.5A patent/CN102414514B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-01-29 EP EP10702659A patent/EP2422136B1/en active Active
- 2010-01-29 RU RU2011147468/06A patent/RU2551462C2/en active
- 2010-01-29 WO PCT/EP2010/051104 patent/WO2010121845A1/en active Application Filing
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EP0193838B1 (en) | 1985-03-04 | 1989-05-03 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Burner disposition for combustion installations, especially for combustion chambers of gas turbine installations, and method for its operation |
DE19757617A1 (en) | 1997-12-23 | 1999-03-25 | Siemens Ag | Combustion system |
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US20020132203A1 (en) * | 2001-03-19 | 2002-09-19 | Alstom (Schweiz) Ag | Gas pipe ignitor |
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EP1614967A1 (en) * | 2004-07-09 | 2006-01-11 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and premixed combustion system |
EP1710502A2 (en) * | 2005-03-30 | 2006-10-11 | Ansaldo Energia S.P.A. | Gas burner assembly for a gas turbine |
EP1712837A1 (en) | 2005-04-14 | 2006-10-18 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Burner assembly and method of operating it |
WO2009032793A1 (en) * | 2007-09-06 | 2009-03-12 | Coen Company, Inc. | Burner pilot with virtual spinner |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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STREB H ET AL: "REDUKTION VON BRENNKAMMERSCHWINGUNGEN DURCH EINE VERAENDERTE ZUGABE DES PILOTGASES", SIEMENS TECHNIK REPORT, SIEMENS AG.,ERLANGEN, AT, vol. 2, no. 3, 1 April 1999 (1999-04-01), pages 85 - 89, XP000822891, ISSN: 1436-7777 * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102901098A (en) * | 2012-10-23 | 2013-01-30 | 江苏中圣高科技产业有限公司 | Multi-head efficient pre-mixing type combustion system of ground flare |
CN102901098B (en) * | 2012-10-23 | 2015-10-07 | 江苏中圣高科技产业有限公司 | Ground flare multi-head high-efficiency premixed type combustion system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
RU2011147468A (en) | 2013-05-27 |
EP2422136A1 (en) | 2012-02-29 |
WO2010121845A1 (en) | 2010-10-28 |
CN102414514B (en) | 2014-08-20 |
CN102414514A (en) | 2012-04-11 |
RU2551462C2 (en) | 2015-05-27 |
EP2422136B1 (en) | 2013-04-03 |
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