EP2243185A1 - Brennstoffzellensystem mit einem stack und verfahren zum wechseln des stacks - Google Patents
Brennstoffzellensystem mit einem stack und verfahren zum wechseln des stacksInfo
- Publication number
- EP2243185A1 EP2243185A1 EP09702013A EP09702013A EP2243185A1 EP 2243185 A1 EP2243185 A1 EP 2243185A1 EP 09702013 A EP09702013 A EP 09702013A EP 09702013 A EP09702013 A EP 09702013A EP 2243185 A1 EP2243185 A1 EP 2243185A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- stack
- connections
- fuel cell
- terminals
- carrying
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/247—Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/247—Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks
- H01M8/2475—Enclosures, casings or containers of fuel cell stacks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/249—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells comprising two or more groupings of fuel cells, e.g. modular assemblies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the invention relates to a fuel cell system with a stack according to the preamble of claim 1 and an associated method for changing the stack of this fuel cell system according to the preamble of claim 17.
- Such fuel cell systems are used to supply energy to electrical consumers.
- a fuel cell is used as an environmentally friendly and high-efficiency power source, in which chemical energy is converted directly into electrical energy by an electrochemical oxidation of an easily oxidizable substance (eg hydrogen, hydrazine, methanol) with an oxidizing agent (eg oxygen, air) ,
- an easily oxidizable substance eg hydrogen, hydrazine, methanol
- an oxidizing agent eg oxygen, air
- the fuel cell has an electrolyte and two electrodes, wherein at the anode, the oxidizable substance and at the cathode, the oxidizing agent are supplied continuously.
- a low-temperature fuel cell and a medium-temperature fuel cell (0-150 0 C and 150-250 0 C) are used as reactants oxygen and hydrogen or methanol.
- a high-temperature fuel cell however, at 500 to 1100 0 C reactive hydrocarbons or nitrogen-hydrogen compounds (ammonia, hydrazine) are used as fuels.
- the subject of the device presented here preferably relates to the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC).
- DMFC direct methanol fuel cell
- DMFCs can be used in stationary and mobile systems as a supplement to the energy supply. They are particularly suitable for applications in safety-critical areas, because the operation of the fuel cell with liquid Methanol is much safer than hydrogen-powered fuel cells.
- the logistical effort in the supply of fuel is significantly lower than in fuel cells with hydrogen as fuel, since methanol has a higher energy density than hydrogen.
- Stack summarized, the stack consists of several, clamped together bipolar and two outer end plates, which are each separated by a membrane and in which the end plates have fuel and air supply connections and electrical connections.
- a modular fuel cell which consists of a module housing and a stack, wherein in the module housing all, necessary for the operation of a fuel cell components are integrated.
- the module housing has a trapezoidal cross-section slot for receiving the stack.
- the outer shape of the stack is adapted to the insertion compartment in such a way that its end plates are directed to the slopes of the trapezoidal insertion compartment.
- the Current-carrying connections which are designed as plug contacts, are located at the bottom of the insertion compartment.
- the fluid-carrying connections are realized via spring valves arranged in the module housing, which are triggered by inserting the stack into the insertion compartment via arms arranged on the stack.
- the disadvantage of this solution is that the stack is held in the inserted state only by the plug contacts of the current-carrying terminals in the insertion compartment.
- these plug contacts can not hold the stack in the module housing, for example when the head housing of the module housing is in the top position.
- the force of the spring valves is directed against the holding force of the plug contacts.
- the weight of the stack is supplemented by the spring force of the spring valves in the header of the module housing, which is greater than the retention force of the plug contacts in the sum.
- the invention is therefore based on the object to develop a generic fuel cell system with a stack and an associated method for changing the stack of this fuel cell system in which no fuel can escape from the leads of the terminals of the stack, especially during transport and when changing the stack , - A -
- the new fuel cell system with a stack and an associated method for changing the stack eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art.
- An advantage of the use of the new fuel cell system with a stack is that the fiuidgeden terminals of the stack each have at least one valve. As a result, any residues of fuel, which are still in the leads of the connections, leak from the stack and pollute the system housing. In addition, the risk of explosion is reduced by the sparking associated with the insertion or removal of the stack, since no explosive fuel-air mixture can form. Also, a valve-sealed stack filled with media is ready to use even after a prolonged storage period.
- the system housing has a lock for frictional attachment of the stack in the insertion compartment, wherein the lock is mechanically triggered.
- the stack is held by the lock on the system housing, even with a top view of the system housing and can not slip out of the system housing.
- the lock is at least one clamp or at least one strap, each clamp or strap is attached to the system housing and spans the inserted into the slot stack.
- both the clamp and the tension band are each a cost-effective, simple and safe variant of the locking and locking.
- the lock is a cover which closes the insertion compartment and completely covers the inserted stack, wherein the cover is designed as a flap with a hinge and a closure or as a lid tightened or screwed onto the system housing.
- the lock is at least one spring key connection, each spring key connection consisting of a wedge pocket attached to the stack and a spring wedge arranged on the insertion pocket, the spring key engaging in the wedge pocket when the stack is pushed into the slide-in compartment.
- the connections of the system housing are arranged on a bottom of the insertion compartment and the connections of the stack on a base of an end plate of the stack, wherein the connections on the bottom of the insertion compartment and the connections on the base of the end plate of the stack mirror-symmetrical aligned with each other. This ensures a high accuracy of fit of the connections.
- connections for opening and closing the fuel connections and the air connections are each one on the bottom of the insertion compartment and each one arranged on the base of the end plate of the stack disc valve. This prevents leakage of fuel from the terminals, because disk valves are particularly narrow in their design and are therefore arranged at the end of the supply lines.
- disc valves are connected to a mechanically displaceable between two end positions control lever, wherein in one end position all disc valves open and in the other end position all disc valves are closed. This ensures safe operation of the disc valves.
- the lock and the terminals are mechanically connected to each other, wherein the terminals are triggered by the operation of the lock. This ensures that only the stack is locked in the slot of the system housing with actuation of the locking and only after locking the ports are controlled. It is also advantageous if the connections are arranged such that the connections are triggered one after the other. As a result, upon insertion of the stack, the fuel connections and the air connections, in particular the disk valves, are closed first, and then the at least one sensor connection and the at least one power terminal are closed. Likewise, when the stack is removed, the fuel and air connections, in particular the disk valves, are opened first, and then the at least one sensor connection and the at least one power terminal are opened.
- the fluid-carrying connections are each opened by a valve and before removing the stack from the system housing the fluid-carrying connections are closed by these valves.
- the valves prevent residues of fuel from escaping from the stack and forming an explosive fuel-air mixture that could ignite due to sparking associated with inserting or removing the stack.
- the opened fluid-conducting connections are mechanically closed and separated from one another, and then removed by pulling out the stack from the drawer, the lock is released, with the release of the lock, the current-carrying connections open.
- connections are triggered one after the other, wherein at least one sensor connection and at least one current terminal are connected when the stack is inserted and then the fuel connections and the air connections are connected, in particular by opening the disk valves, and when removing the stack First, the fuel connections and the air connections, in particular by closing the disc valves, separated and then the at least one sensor terminal and the at least one power terminal are separated.
- connection and disconnection of the stack with the system housing takes place in each case stepwise, whereby the stack is first connected non-positively to the system housing during connection, then the current-carrying connections are triggered and finally the fluid-conducting connections are triggered.
- the fluid-carrying connections and then the current-carrying connections are triggered first, and finally the frictional connection of the stack with the system housing is released.
- an advantage of the fuel cell system is that the stack can be quickly and without dismantling the entire fuel after a defect or a degradation caused by the operation or reaching the end of the life. cell system can be exchanged. The exchanged defective stack can thus be regenerated without causing a prolonged failure of the fuel cell system.
- the terminals arranged at the end plates can be realized in such a way that the current terminal, the sensor terminals and the supply lines for anode or cathode, e.g. passed laterally past the bipolar plates or through the bipolar plates from one to the other end plate.
- a more powerful or weaker stack can be used on an end plate as needed.
- the stack only has to be adjusted by the number of single cells.
- the stack sensors needed for control and monitoring can also be fixed to the stack with an integrated microprocessor unit. As a result, the mechanical stress on the connector between the stack and the fuel cell system is minimized. In addition, the sensors can then be recalibrated during regeneration.
- methanol is used as the fuel in the stack, wherein the fuel is dissolved in water form and is supplied as a three percent methanol solution to the stack through the lines.
- this methanol solution has a significantly lower risk of ignition than other fuels, such. Hydrogen on.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a fuel cell system with a stack in a first exemplary embodiment
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a stack of the fuel cell system according to the first exemplary embodiment
- 3 shows a schematic representation of a stack of the fuel cell system in a second exemplary embodiment
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of the fuel cell system with a stack in a third exemplary embodiment
- FIG. 5 shows an exploded view of a stack of the fuel cell system according to the third exemplary embodiment
- Fig. 6 Schematic representation of the stack of the fuel cell system according to the third embodiment
- Fig. 7 Schematic representation of the base of the insertion compartment of the fuel cell system according to the third embodiment.
- the new fuel cell system consists in a first embodiment, acc. Fig. 1, from a system housing 1 with a slot 2 for a stack 3, wherein in the system housing 1 all, not shown in FIG. 1 components are integrated, which are necessary for the operation of a fuel cell.
- a first embodiment acc. Fig. 1
- a system housing 1 with a slot 2 for a stack 3, wherein in the system housing 1 all, not shown in FIG. 1 components are integrated, which are necessary for the operation of a fuel cell.
- control unit with the power electronics and other electronic and mechanical elements.
- the insertion compartment 2 of the system housing 1 is dimensioned such that when inserted stack 3, the outer surfaces 4 and 5 complete plan.
- the bottom 6 of the insertion compartment 2 has a plurality of terminals 7 for connecting the stack 3 to the system housing 1.
- the stack 3 consists, acc. 2, of several, connected to a stack bipolar plates 9 and one, the stack on both sides final end plate 8.
- the bipolar plates 9 are bundled via a stack-internal electronics, as well as the end plates 8 each have on an outer side of the terminals T for connecting the stack 3 with the module housing 1.
- the connections T are arranged on the outer side 10 of the stack 3, which points in the inserted state of the stack 3 in the direction of the bottom 6 of the insertion compartment 2.
- the arrangement of the terminals 7 'on the outside 10 of the stack 3 is mirror-symmetrical to the arrangement of the terminals 7 on the bottom 6 of the insertion compartment 2.
- the terminals 7, T which carry a gas or a liquid, are as leak-free couplings, especially as Valve couplings executed.
- the current-carrying terminals 7, T are plug connections.
- the connections 7, T comprise a plurality of sensor connections 11, two power terminals 12, and in each case two fuel connections 13 and air connections 14, each sensor connection 11 being connected to the bipolar plates 9 via a common sensor unit 15, and the sensor unit 15 and the sensor connections 11 being centered on the outside 10 of the stack 3 are arranged.
- the power terminals 12 and the fuel terminals 13 are arranged on the end plates 8, wherein in each case a current terminal 12 are located centrally and two fuel terminals 13 at the outer edge of the end plates 8.
- the fuel connections 13 and air connections 14 of each end plate 8 serve to supply the anode and the cathodes by continuously supplying an aqueous methanol solution into the anode compartment and air continuously into the cathode compartment and removing carbon dioxide formed from the anode compartment and water arising from the cathode compartment.
- the fuel connections 13 and air connections 14 are arranged in pairs such that the fuel connections 13 of the one end plate 8 oppose the air connections 14 of the other end plate 8.
- the stack 3 has in a second embodiment, acc. Fig. 3, all connections T on a base of an end plate 8, wherein the connections 7, not shown in FIG. 3 on the bottom 6 of the insertion compartment 2 are arranged mirror-symmetrically to the terminals T on a base surface of the end plate 8.
- the fuel connections 13 and air connections 14 are in each case a corner of the end plate 8.
- the sensor terminals 11 and the power terminal 12 are arranged.
- the inserted stack 3 can be closed by a cover, not shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, for protection against dirt and external influences, the cover being exemplified as a flap with a hinge and a flap Closure or can be designed as a screwed to the system housing 1 lid. It is also conceivable to non-positively connect the stack 3 with the insertion compartment 2, in which at least one clamping bracket or at least one tensioning band is fastened to the system housing 1 and spans the stack 3 inserted into the insertion compartment 2.
- this stack 3 is inserted so far into the insertion compartment 2 until the stack 3 reaches the bottom 6 of the insertion compartment 2.
- the current-carrying terminals 7, 7 'and then the fluid-carrying connections 7, T are connected.
- the tensioning strap fastened to the system housing 1 or the clamping strap fastened to the system housing 1 can span and lock the stack 3 inserted into the insertion compartment 2.
- the cover designed as a flap with a hinge and a closure or as a cover bolted to the system housing 1 can also be closed. The cover of the stack 3 serves both the protection against contamination and moisture as well as the locking and locking in the insertion compartment. 2
- the system housing 1 for the stack 3 instead of a closed insertion compartment 2, a two-sided open insertion compartment T, wherein in the system housing 1, as in the previous exemplary embodiments, all components necessary for the operation of a fuel cell are integrated.
- the new fuel cell system has a lock 16, via which the stack 3 is frictionally secured in the insertion compartment 2 'of the system housing 1, and a protruding from the system housing 1 control lever 17th
- the stack 3 is, acc. Fig. 5, surrounded by a stack housing 18, wherein the stack 3 in the stack housing 18 can be inserted.
- the stack housing 18 has a handle 19 for pulling out and inserting the stack 3 into the insertion compartment 2 'of the system housing 1.
- connections T on the end plate 8 are arranged mirror-symmetrically to the connections 7 shown in FIG. 7 in the bottom 6 of the insertion compartment 2.
- the fuel connections 13 and air connections 14 both on the bottom 6 of the insertion compartment 2 as well as on the base of the end plate 8 in each case two disc valves 20, 20 ', which serve in each case for closing a fuel connection 13 and an air connection 14.
- a rotary plate 21 By a rotary plate 21, the two disc valves 20 on the bottom 6 of the insertion compartment 2 and the two disc valves 20 'on the base surface of the end plate 8 are mechanically connected.
- a driver pin 22 which projects through the respective disc valve 20 and in the inserted state of the stack 3 in the insertion compartment 2 of the module housing 1 non-positive connection with one in the disc valves 20th 'arranged cam opening 23 produces. Due to the non-positive connection between the driving pin 22 and driving opening 23, these can only perform synchronous rotational movements, so that all disk valves 20, 20 'are actuated simultaneously.
- the driving pin 22 is also connected to the operating lever 17 via a lever system (not shown in FIG. 7). This operating lever 17 is manually displaceable between two end positions, wherein in one end position all disc valves 20, 20 'are opened and in the other end position all disc valves 20, 20' are closed.
- the lock 16 is designed as at least one spring key connection 24.
- each spring wedge connection 24 from a mounted on the stack 3 wedge pocket 25 and the insertion compartment 2 'arranged spring wedge 26, wherein when inserted into the insertion compartment 2' stack 3 of the spring wedge 26 engages in the key pocket 25.
- the steps described above take place in the reverse order.
- the disc valves 20, 20 ' are closed. If the operating lever 17 in its first position, then the stack 3 can be pulled out of the insertion compartment 2 ', wherein the lock 16 is released and the current-carrying terminals 7, T are opened.
- the lock 16 and the terminals 7, T are mechanically connected to each other, wherein the actuation of the lock 16, the terminals 7, T are triggered. It would be conceivable to carry out the lock 16 as a bolt connected to the rotary plate 21, for example via a toothed gear. In this case, the rotary plate 21 in its axis of rotation on a gear which engages the teeth of the bolt, so that the rotational movement of the rotary plate 21 is converted into a pushing movement of the bolt.
- the operating lever 17 has three positions, wherein in the first position, the lock 16 is open. In the second position, the lock 16 and the current-carrying terminals 7, T and in the third position, in addition, the fiuidgeden terminals 7, T are closed or the disc valves 20, 20 'open.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008004949A DE102008004949A1 (de) | 2008-01-18 | 2008-01-18 | Brennstoffzellensystem mit einem Stack und Verfahren zum Wechseln des Stacks |
| PCT/DE2009/000022 WO2009089817A1 (de) | 2008-01-18 | 2009-01-12 | Brennstoffzellensystem mit einem stack und verfahren zum wechseln des stacks |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2243185A1 true EP2243185A1 (de) | 2010-10-27 |
Family
ID=40589854
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP09702013A Withdrawn EP2243185A1 (de) | 2008-01-18 | 2009-01-12 | Brennstoffzellensystem mit einem stack und verfahren zum wechseln des stacks |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2243185A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102008004949A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2009089817A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3002953A1 (fr) * | 2013-03-08 | 2014-09-12 | Ceram Hyd | Ensemble modulaire de couplage d'unites electrochimiques |
| DE102021112275A1 (de) * | 2021-05-11 | 2022-11-17 | Enertools GmbH | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur netzunabhängigen Versorgung mit elektrischer Energie |
| DE102021207425A1 (de) * | 2021-07-13 | 2023-01-19 | Mahle International Gmbh | Membranbefeuchter |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6030718A (en) * | 1997-11-20 | 2000-02-29 | Avista Corporation | Proton exchange membrane fuel cell power system |
| US20040043274A1 (en) * | 2001-06-01 | 2004-03-04 | Scartozzi John P. | Fuel cell power system |
| CN1647307A (zh) * | 2002-04-22 | 2005-07-27 | 普腾能源系统有限公司 | 用于提供模块化电源的方法和装置 |
| US7279246B2 (en) * | 2002-06-24 | 2007-10-09 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Solid-oxide fuel cell system having an integrated air/fuel manifold |
| FR2843236B1 (fr) | 2002-08-02 | 2005-12-02 | Air Liquide | Bloc pile a combustible et ensemble de production d'energie comprenant un tel bloc de pile |
| US20040046526A1 (en) | 2002-09-06 | 2004-03-11 | Richards William R. | Modular fuel cell |
| US7063912B2 (en) | 2002-11-01 | 2006-06-20 | Deere & Company | Fuel cell assembly system |
| CN1645661A (zh) * | 2004-01-20 | 2005-07-27 | 布莱特·D·文森特 | 燃料电池系统 |
| US7546938B2 (en) * | 2004-09-01 | 2009-06-16 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Fuel cell compartment for combustion-powered tool |
| DE102004059776A1 (de) | 2004-09-17 | 2006-04-06 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Brennstoffzellensystem |
| CA2482486A1 (en) * | 2004-09-24 | 2006-03-24 | British Columbia Hydro And Power Authority | Fuel cell power generation system |
-
2008
- 2008-01-18 DE DE102008004949A patent/DE102008004949A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2009
- 2009-01-12 EP EP09702013A patent/EP2243185A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-01-12 WO PCT/DE2009/000022 patent/WO2009089817A1/de not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2009089817A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102008004949A1 (de) | 2009-07-23 |
| WO2009089817A1 (de) | 2009-07-23 |
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| RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: ZIPKAT, MARTIN Inventor name: CHRISTENSEN, MORTEN H. |
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