EP2240735A1 - Shutter having a swellable peripheral seal, and shutting system comprising it for a multiple-chamber furnace port - Google Patents

Shutter having a swellable peripheral seal, and shutting system comprising it for a multiple-chamber furnace port

Info

Publication number
EP2240735A1
EP2240735A1 EP09710608A EP09710608A EP2240735A1 EP 2240735 A1 EP2240735 A1 EP 2240735A1 EP 09710608 A EP09710608 A EP 09710608A EP 09710608 A EP09710608 A EP 09710608A EP 2240735 A1 EP2240735 A1 EP 2240735A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shutter
air chamber
core
chamber
inflation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP09710608A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2240735B1 (en
Inventor
Gérard BENHARBON
Pierre Mahieu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Solios Carbone SA
Original Assignee
Solios Carbone SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Solios Carbone SA filed Critical Solios Carbone SA
Publication of EP2240735A1 publication Critical patent/EP2240735A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2240735B1 publication Critical patent/EP2240735B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B13/00—Furnaces with both stationary charge and progression of heating, e.g. of ring type, of type in which segmental kiln moves over stationary charge
    • F27B13/02—Furnaces with both stationary charge and progression of heating, e.g. of ring type, of type in which segmental kiln moves over stationary charge of multiple-chamber type with permanent partitions; Combinations of furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B13/00—Furnaces with both stationary charge and progression of heating, e.g. of ring type, of type in which segmental kiln moves over stationary charge
    • F27B13/06—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of this type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B13/00—Furnaces with both stationary charge and progression of heating, e.g. of ring type, of type in which segmental kiln moves over stationary charge
    • F27B13/06—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of this type
    • F27B13/08—Casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/18—Door frames; Doors, lids, removable covers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F27D99/0073—Seals

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of so-called "rotating fire” chamber furnaces for the firing of carbonaceous blocks, more particularly carbon anodes and cathodes intended for the electrolytic production of aluminum, and the invention more particularly to provide a shutter for closing a chamber hollow chamber skylight, and a shutter system comprising at least one shutter, but preferably a plurality of shutters, according to the invention to optimize the shutter. sealing of the so-called "fire suction" zone, during the operation of a rotating furnace.
  • FIGS. 1, 2a and 2b respectively showing a partial perspective view and cutaway cross-section showing the internal structure of such an oven for FIG. 1, and a longitudinal sectional view of a conventional hollow partition of such an oven for Figure 2a and a new-generation hollow partition for Figure 2b.
  • the cooking furnace (FAC) comprises two parallel casings, extending along a longitudinal axis along the length of the furnace, only one of which is shown in FIG.
  • each casing also comprising a succession of transverse chambers 3 separated from each other by transverse walls 4.
  • Each chamber 3 is constituted, in its length, that is to say in the transverse direction of the oven, by the alternately juxtaposing cavities 5 open at their upper part to enable the loading of the carbonaceous blocks 6 to be cooked and the unloading of the cooled cooked blocks 6, and in which are stacked the carbonaceous blocks 6 to be cooked, and hollow partitions 7
  • These partitions 7 of a chamber 3 are in the longitudinal extension of the hollow partitions 7 of the other chambers 3 of the same span, and these hollow partitions 7 are in communication with each other by dormers 8 at the upper part of their transverse wall facing longitudinal passages formed at this level in the transverse walls 4, so that the hollow partitions 7 form rows of longitudinal partitions, arranged parallel to the length of the furnace and in which will flow gaseous fluids (combustion air, combustible gases and gases and combustion fumes) for preheating and cooking the carbon blocks 6, then cooling them.
  • gaseous fluids combustion air, combustible gases and gases and combustion fumes
  • the hollow partitions 7 further comprise a baffle device 9 to elongate and distribute more uniformly the path of the combustion gases or fumes, and a series of transverse spacers 10, distributed over their entire surface, to ensure the mechanical maintenance of their thin walls, as shown in the sections of Figures 2a and 2b.
  • the hollow partitions 7 are also provided, at their upper part, closable openings 11, said openings, formed in a crown block 12 of the corresponding chamber 3 of the furnace.
  • the baffles 9 of the new generation partition 7 are distinguished from those of the partition 7 of FIG. 2a, in that they allow the combustion gases to be distributed throughout the partition without constituting a obstacle to the passage of gases.
  • shutters are introduced by shutters 11 so as to close skylights 8 of the partitions 7 of a chamber 3 of the oven, which requires removing the removable lids of these openers 11.
  • the shutters commonly used today in revolving furnaces are constituted by a fixed plate, or manually deployable, connected to a handling rod, which allows to engage a shutter in a hollow partition by doing so. go through a quarney and position it and hold it next to a skylight 8 to close.
  • the positioning of the shutter in the partition 7 is to wedge the plate of the shutter against the skylight 8 of the gas passage. This positioning of the shutter is a delicate operation, because the reduced passage section of the aperture 11 offers little freedom of movement. With the aging of the hollow partitions 7, the shutter setting operation becomes more difficult and cases of infiltration of cold air become very common.
  • US Pat. Nos. 6,004,130, 6,194,960 and 1,012,518 disclose another type of shutter, in the form of an inflatable bladder assembled at the end of a hollow rod, and whose expansion allows the obstruction of a skylight 8 gas passage.
  • the main drawback of this type of inflatable shutter is that it requires the presence of spacers positioned adequately to ensure the wedging of the inflated bladder.
  • the spacers must not be staggered as shown in particular in Figure 2a.
  • the spacers are weakened by thermal expansion cycles, and the additional pressure exerted by the inflated bladder may aggravate this embrittlement and significantly reduce the life of spacers.
  • the inflatable bladder is not mechanically protected, during operations of introduction and removal of the shutter through a quarl such as 11, and there remain significant risks of wear and / or tearing of the membrane or the tissue of the inflatable bladder.
  • the problem underlying the invention is to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks, while allowing a closure of the dormers with a seal at least as good as that provided by the inflatable bladder shutter of the state of the art, and suitable for ovens of this type whose hollow partitions are stiffened by staggered spacers, and, in general, the object of the invention is to provide a shutter more suitable than those known to the various requirements of practice.
  • the subject of the invention is an inflatable seal shutter for a hollow chamber vault hollow chamber partition, which is characterized in that it comprises: a rigid core, of a shape substantially elongated rectangular, intended to be disposed opposite a hollow partition window of said furnace, to close most of the gas passage section by said dormer, and at least one inflatable air chamber, retracted to the deflated state in a housing of the core, and forming, in the inflated state, a peripheral seal, protruding around the periphery of the core, that said seal surrounds around its periphery to complete the shutting said dormer.
  • the handling operations, and more particularly the phases of insertion and removal of the shutter in a partition through a quarl, are facilitated because performed while the air chamber is deflated, which also protects the room to air against frictional wear in contact with walls and walls.
  • the peripheral seal formed by the air chamber completes the obstruction of the gas passage window ensuring a perfect seal, independently of the deformations of the partitions.
  • the housing provided in the core for receiving the air chamber may be a peripheral groove formed in the periphery of the core and in which the air chamber arranged in protruding inflatable coil is retracted, in the inflated state, out of said groove to form the peripheral seal.
  • the core of the shutter comprises two rigid plates of substantially the same planar shape, preferably elongated rectangular shapes with bevelled and metallic corners, fixed rigidly opposite and at a distance from each other. one of the other by spacers, and delimiting between them a housing which receives the inflatable air chamber and which opens peripherally between the two plates to allow the formation of the peripheral seal in the inflated state of said air chamber.
  • the two plates of the core are advantageously fixed together removably, so as to allow the replacement of a damaged air chamber.
  • a material which is substantially airtight and resistant to heat, to the temperatures and to the corrosive properties of the combustion gases and fumes, and which can be elastically deformable such as an elastomer material, a polyurethane sheet or a silicone rubber, and / or flexible, such as a NYLON® or PTFE fabric.
  • the shutter is advantageously equipped with a device for retraction of the air chamber in the deflated state in the core.
  • the retraction device may comprise at least one resiliently deformable return member, such as at least one elastic cord internal to the air chamber, or at least one elastic strap external to the air chamber. which is expanded by inflating the air chamber and elastically retracts to its state of relaxation, deflating the air chamber, by retracting said air chamber into the core.
  • at least one resiliently deformable return member such as at least one elastic cord internal to the air chamber, or at least one elastic strap external to the air chamber.
  • the retraction device may comprise a pantograph folding mechanism disposed in the air chamber so that the inflation of the latter causes the separation of two flanges connected to one another by at least one pantograph, and the opening of the pantograph or pantographs by compressing at least one return spring, the relaxation of which upon deflation of the air chamber causes the closing of the pantograph (s) and the folding of the inner tube into its housing in the soul.
  • the shutter of the invention is preferably provided with a handling rod integral with the core, by a lower end portion of the stem, preferably slightly bent with respect to an upper end portion of the stem, is equipped with a guide rod and stall to facilitate the positioning of the shutter in the hollow wall and the setting of the shutter on said furnace.
  • the handling rod is advantageously at least partially tubular and equipped, at one end of the tubular part, with a quick connector for connection to an inflation / deflation system with a supply of compressed air, the other end the tubular portion of the rod being connected to the interior of the air chamber.
  • the shutter is also advantageously equipped with a device for visual control of the inflation pressure of the air chamber and if the handling rod is at least partially tubular, this visual control device is preferably a manometer mounted on the stem.
  • this visual control device is preferably a manometer mounted on the stem.
  • the invention also relates to a closure system for closing off at least one hollow partition of a rotating furnace and which is characterized in that it comprises at least one shutter according to the invention and as defined herein. above, and a tube inflating / deflating system, comprising a coupling, preferably fast and self-sealing, connection to a compressed air supply, and connected to a pressure regulator, itself connected to a inflation or deflation selection valve connected, on the one hand, to the air chamber of said at least one shutter, for its inflation, via a safety valve and an individual manual control of inflation and deflation of said air chamber, and, secondly, a discharge venturi, connected to said air chamber by said individual control and a valve controlled by said selection valve, for selectively controlling the isolation of the venturi when the a tube is inflated, and the supply of the venturi compressed air to allow deflation of said air chamber by suction.
  • a coupling preferably fast and self-sealing, connection to a compressed air supply
  • a pressure regulator itself connected
  • the shutter system according to the invention comprises a shutter according to the invention and as presented above respectively for each of the partitions. hollow of said oven chamber, the shutters being connected in parallel with the inflation / deflation valve and with the venturi of discharge of an inflation / deflation system common to the inner tubes of the shutters.
  • the shutters are advantageously assembled on a common gateway, extending above said furnace chamber, and equipped with a respective support arm to support each shutter in the extended position of the corresponding hollow partition, and a connection to a compressed air distribution network and / or at least one air compressor for supplying the inflation / deflation system.
  • Figure 1 shows partially and schematically, in perspective and in cross-section with cutaway, a casing of a furnace rotating
  • Figures 2a and 2b are longitudinal sectional views of two embodiments of hollow partitions for furnace according to Figure 1, Figures 1, 2a and 2b having already been described above
  • Figures 3a and 3b are schematic partial views showing a shutter according to the invention, positioned in front of a skylight to be closed respectively in the deflated state of the peripheral seal in Figure 3a and in the state 3b is an exploded perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of the core and the inner tube of a shutter according to FIG.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic representation of a pneumatic inflating / deflating system of the air chamber of a shutter of the invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of a shutter system comprising as many shutters that an oven chamber includes partitions and whose air chambers are inflated and deflated using a common compressed air inflation / deflation system.
  • FIGS. 6a and 6b schematically represent two retraction devices with resiliently deformable return members for retracting the air chamber in the deflated state in the core
  • FIGS. 6c and 6d show a device for retracting the chamber air which comprises a pantograph mechanism, in the respectively extended and retracted positions.
  • the shutter 13 As represented in FIGS. 3a and 3b, the shutter 13 according to the invention comprises a central core 14, rigid and sufficiently refractory to withstand the temperature of the gases and fumes circulating in the hollow partitions 7 and passing through the dormers 8, this rigid core 14, for example of a metallic material, being of substantially rectangular shape elongate in plan, to be arranged facing a skylight 8 of a hollow partition 7 of the furnace, and thus close the major part of the section of This shutter 13 also comprises an inflatable air chamber 15, visible in FIG.
  • the rigid core 14 consists of two metal plates 17a and 17b, of the same elongated rectangular shape with bevelled or rounded tops, which are fixed opposite and at a distance from one another. another by three tubular spacers 18 against which the ends 17a and 17b of the plates are fixed by screws 18a through washers 18b applied against the faces external plates 17a and 17b, and passing holes drilled in these plates to be screwed into the opposite ends threaded tubular spacers 18.
  • the air chamber 15 is an airbag occupying the volume 19 delimited between the two plates 17a and 17b and wherein said air chamber 15 surrounds the spacers 18 each passing through a correspondingly shaped passageway 20 formed in the air chamber 15, shown in the inflated state in FIG. 3c, so that its periphery constitutes the gasket peripheral pneumatic sealing 16 which protrudes out of the housing 19 between the plates 17a and 17b over the entire perimeter of these plates.
  • the two plates 17a and 17b of the core 14 of the obturator 13 with inflatable air chamber 15 of FIG. 3c are fixed together in a manner that can be dismantled, so that in the event of damage to the chamber 15 air, it can be easily replaced, after unscrewing screws 18a.
  • the inflatable air chamber 15, whatever its state, inflated or deflated, is retained by the struts 18 in the housing 19.
  • the air chamber 15 In the position of use of the shutter 13 (see FIG. 3b), since the inflated air chamber is exposed, at least at the level of the peripheral pneumatic seal 16, to gases and fumes that are relatively hot, the air chamber 15 must be made of a material which not only is substantially impervious to an inflation gas, in practice compressed air, but also substantially resistant to the heat, temperatures and corrosive properties of said combustion gases and fumes, at the level of the hollow partitions 7 of the chamber 3 of which skylights 8 must be closed.
  • an elastically deformable membrane made, for example, of an elastomeric material or of a polyurethane sheet or of a silicone rubber, or else a flexible membrane, for example a textile structure such as a textile fabric.
  • NYLON® or PTFE or in NOMEX®, or a composite membrane made of a polyurethane or silicone matrix reinforced by a textile reinforcement, for example fabric or non-woven NYLON® or PTFE. It can also be a sheet of flexible textile structure covered with a coating of NOMEX®, NYLON® or PTFE.
  • the shutter 13 also comprises a handling rod 21, a so-called lower end portion 21a is integral with the rigid core 14 of the shutter 13, so that an operator can maneuver the so-called opposite end portion superior 21b of this rod 21 to pass the core 14 and the air chamber 15 deflated by a starter lia immediate proximity of a skylight 8 to be closed, the introduction of the shutter 13 in the corresponding hollow partition 7, or withdrawal shutter 13 of this partition 7, as well as to maneuver the shutter 13 in the partition 7 and position it appropriately facing the skylight 8, the air chamber 15 is still deflated, and retracted or retracted in the 19 between the two plates 17a and 17b of the core 14, not only to facilitate these handling operations to the insertion, removal or positioning of the shutter 13, but also to protect the air chamber 15 deflated against frictional wear and tearing in contact with walls, walls, spacers 10 and shutters 11.
  • the rod 21 is slightly bent between its lower end portions 21a and 21b upper, which facilitates the positioning of the core 14 inclined and facing the dormer 8 (see Figure 3a), the structure of the core 14 with its two plates 17a and 17b spaced being favorable to a support and a good wedging of the lower end of the shutter 13, in the position of use, by overlapping an edge on the base 8a of skylight 8, and while the core 14 extends between the base 8a skylight 8, spacers 8b which subdivide this skylight 8 in several passages, on one side, and, on the other side, a spacer 10 internal to the corresponding hollow partition 7.
  • the upper end portion 21b rod which always protrudes out of the quarlet 11 when the shutter 13 is in a good use position, is equipped with a guide rod 22 and wedging, which facilitates the positioning of the shutter 13 by the operator in the hollow partition 7, in particular for the small rotational movements about the axis of the upper end portion of the rectilinear rod 21b, and which also facilitates the setting of the shutter 13 in use position on the oven, as shown in Figures 3a and 3b, by pressing the rod 22 on the crown block 12.
  • Inflation and deflation of the air chamber 15 are provided by the handling rod 21, which is tubular over its entire length, and which is connected to the inside of the air chamber 15 by a sealing connection connecting the end. lower part of the rod 21 to the air chamber 15, while the upper end of this rod 21 is equipped with a self-closing fast connector 23, for the selective connection of the air chamber 15 of the shutter 13 to a supply of compressed air, for inflation, and the atmosphere, for deflation.
  • This quick coupling 23 makes it possible, as shown in FIG. 4, to connect a compressed air supply 24 to an inflation / deflation system 15 of the air chamber 15 of the shutter 13 of FIGS. 3a to 3c to form a system shutter for a skylight 8 of hollow partition 7, wherein the inflation / deflation system 25 can be integrated into the shutter 13 being supported directly by its handling rod 21 and / or its rod 22 guide and wedging.
  • the quick connector 23 connects the compressed air supply 24 to a filter 26 followed by a pressure regulator 27 of the type controlled by the supply pressure, itself connected to a first of the three channels of a valve 28 two positions for selecting the inflating and deflating configurations of the air chamber 15.
  • This valve 28 comprises a manual lever 29, the maneuver allows to differentiate the inflation and deflation configurations.
  • the pneumatic valve 28 is connected by a second channel to a safety valve 30, also controlled by its intake pressure, and itself connected to a valve or valve 31 for manual control of inflation or deflation of the air chamber 15, whose pressure inflation is indicated by a pressure gauge 32, fitted to the shutter 13, and for example mounted on its rod 21, as device or indicator visual control of the inflation pressure of the air chamber 15.
  • this second channel of the selection valve 28 is also connected to the suction nozzle of a discharge venturi 33, via a controlled valve 34, controlled by the selection valve 28 so to be closed when the valve 28 is in the inflation configuration, and open when the valve 28 is in the deflation configuration.
  • the third channel of the selection valve 28 is connected to the discharge venturi 33, so that in the deflation configuration of the selection valve 28, the latter supplies the discharge venturi 33 with compressed air, generating a negative pressure. discharge in the suction nozzle and the pipe coming from the pilot valve 34, the safety valve 30, the manual control 31 and the air chamber 15. It is understood that once the inflation or deflation configuration chosen at the selection valve 28, the operator manually actuates the control 31 to inflate the air chamber 15 with compressed air, or to deflate it through the discharge depression generated in the venturi 33 then supplied with air compressed by the selection valve 28.
  • FIG. 5 An advantageous embodiment of the sealing assembly is shown in Figure 5 and n together shutters 13a, 13b, • • • -i n 13 and n 13 each of which is designed to close a window 8 of one of the n partitions crates7 respectively, 7b, ... 7 n-1 and n 7 of the respective chamber 3.
  • These n shutters are collected on a common gateway closure whose mechanical structure is schematically shown at 35 in Figure 5, and extends above this chamber 3 of the oven, that is to say transversely above the hollow partitions 7 a to I n.
  • This shutter gateway 35, the air chambers 15 of inflatable obturators 13 a-13 n and individual manual control of inflation or deflation 31a to respective I 3 n are connected in parallel, via the valve 30, on the one hand to the selector valve 28 with manual lever 29 and, on the other hand, to the venturi of discharge 33 of an inflation / deflation system 25 which is common to all the air chambers 15 of the shutters 13 a to 13 n and which constitutes a general pneumatic control system mounted on the bridge 35, which is furthermore equipped with a support arm (not shown) for supporting each respective shutter 13 a to 13 n, when the shutter is out of the hollow wall 7 a to 7 n corresponding, to facilitate movement of the shutter gateway 35 carrying with it all the shutters 13 a to 13 n and their general inflation / deflation control system 25, supplied from a compressed air distribution network by a connection such as 23 or by at least one air compressor, mounted on the gateway of FIG. shutter 35, to provide a main supply or backup of the system 25 compressed air.
  • the air chamber 15 is equipped with a retraction device, two embodiments of which comprise resiliently deformable return members, are diagrammatically shown in FIGS. 6a and 6b.
  • this retraction device comprises, for example, five elastic beads 36, each of which is an elastic ring bonded against the inner face of the air chamber 15, so that these rings 36 are expanded by elastic deformation, by inflating the air chamber 15 between the two plates 17a and 17b, and that, upon deflation of the air chamber 15, the cords 36 retract elastically to their state of relaxation, and participate in the deflation of the air chamber 15 which is completely retracted inside the housing 19 between the two plates 17a and 17b. It is understood that the elastic retraction of the cords 36 assists the discharge venturi 33 deflation.
  • five elastic beads 36 each of which is an elastic ring bonded against the inner face of the air chamber 15, so that these rings 36 are expanded by elastic deformation, by inflating the air chamber 15 between the two plates 17a and 17b, and that, upon deflation of the air chamber 15, the cords 36 retract elastically to their state of relaxation, and participate in the deflation of the air chamber 15 which is completely retracted inside the housing 19 between the two plates 17a and
  • the device for retracting the air chamber 15 comprises, as elastically deformable return members, a set of external elastic strips 37, which surround the air chamber 15 to retract it during deflation, after their expansion in elastic deformation during inflation of this air chamber 15.
  • the retraction device comprises a pantograph folding mechanism, shown deployed in FIG. 6c, when the air chamber 15 is inflated, and folded in FIG. 6d, by retracting the air chamber 15 between the plates 17a and 17b of the core 14.
  • This mechanism comprises, for example, two flanges 38a and 38b rigid, parallel and spaced from each other, fixed on the inner edges of the air chamber 15, and connected to each other by a pantograph 39 with two compasses and a simple compass 4 0, the dams of the pantograph 39 as the compass 40 being hinged to pivot about pivots parallel to each other and to the plane of the flanges 38a and 38b, and perpendicular to a central axis 41 of the mechanism itself integral plates 17a and 17b, on which arms of the pantograph 39 and the compass 40 are also pivotable and around which are mounted helical spring 42 pressed against abutments 43 by the axial displacement of the central axis 41 when the two flanges 38a and 38b part one on the other hand to inflation of the air chamber 15, due to the opening of the compass 40 and the two compasses constituting the pantograph 39.
  • the relaxation of the springs 42 previously compressed by the inflation causes the closing of the pantograph 39 and the compass 40, which controls the bringing together of the two flanges 38a and 38b from each other and the folding of the air chamber 15 in its housing 19 in the core 14.
  • the mechanism of folding of the inner edges of the inner tube may be completed by a folding mechanism of the lower and upper edges 38c and 38d consists of a return rod 44 connected to the return spring 45 compressed against the abutment 46 itself integral with the one of the plates of the shutter 17a or 17b.

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of what are called "rotating-fireball" multiple-chamber furnaces, for the firing of carbon blocks, and, more particularly, to a shutter (13) having an inflatable seal (16), for a port (8) of a hollow partition (7) in a rotating-fireball multiple-chamber furnace, characterized in that its shutter comprises: a rigid core (14), of substantially rectangular elongate shape, intended to be placed opposite a port (8) of a hollow partition (7) in said furnace, so as to shut off most of the flow area for gas entering via said port (8); and at least one inflatable air chamber (15), retracted in the deflated state in a housing for the core (14) and forming, in the inflated state, a peripheral seal (16) projecting around the perimeter of the core (14); and in that said seal (16) goes around almost its entire periphery so as to complete the shutting-off of said port (8).

Description

OBTURATEUR A JOINT D'ETANCHEITE PERIPHERIQUE GONFLABLE ET SYSTEME D'OBTURATION LE COMPORTANT POUR LUCARNE DE FOUR A CHAMBRES SHUTTER WITH INFLATABLE PERIPHERAL SEAL AND SHUTTER SYSTEM COMPRISING THE SAME FOR ROOM OVEN LUCARNE
L'invention concerne le domaine des fours à chambres dits à « feu tournant », pour la cuisson de blocs carbonés, plus particulièrement d'anodes et de cathodes en carbone destinées à la production par électrolyse de l'aluminium, et l'invention a plus particulièrement pour objet un obturateur pour obturer une lucarne de cloison creuse de four à chambres, ainsi qu'un système d'obturation comportant au moins un obturateur, mais de préférence une pluralité d'obturateurs, selon l'invention afin d'optimiser l'étanchéité de la zone dite « d'aspiration du feu », lors du fonctionnement d'un four à feu tournant.The invention relates to the field of so-called "rotating fire" chamber furnaces for the firing of carbonaceous blocks, more particularly carbon anodes and cathodes intended for the electrolytic production of aluminum, and the invention more particularly to provide a shutter for closing a chamber hollow chamber skylight, and a shutter system comprising at least one shutter, but preferably a plurality of shutters, according to the invention to optimize the shutter. sealing of the so-called "fire suction" zone, during the operation of a rotating furnace.
Des fours à feu tournant pour cuire des anodes sont décrits notamment dans les documents de brevet suivants : US 4,859,175, WO 91/19147, US 6,339, 729, US 6,436,335 et CA 2550880, auxquels on se reportera pour davantage de précisions à leur sujet. On rappelle cependant partiellement leur structure et leur fonctionnement, en référence aux figures 1, 2a et 2b ci-après, représentant respectivement une vue partielle en perspective et coupe transversale avec arrachement représentant la structure interne d'un tel four pour la figure 1, et une vue en coupe longitudinale d'une cloison creuse conventionnelle d'un tel four pour la figure 2a et d'une cloison creuse de nouvelle génération pour la figure 2b. Le four à cuire (FAC) comprend deux cuvelages parallèles, s 'étendant selon un axe longitudinal sur la longueur du four, dont un seul est représenté sur la figure 1 , et comportant chacun une carcasse 1 à deux murs latéraux, longitudinaux, verticaux et parallèles, sur un fond, lesquels murs et fond sont doublés intérieurement d'un calorifugeage 2, chaque cuvelage comportant également une succession de chambres 3 transversales séparées les unes des autres par des murs transversaux 4. Chaque chambre 3 est constituée, dans sa longueur, c'est-à-dire dans la direction transversale du four, par la juxtaposition, en alternance, d'alvéoles 5 ouverts à leur partie supérieure pour permettre le chargement des blocs carbonés 6 à cuire et le déchargement des blocs 6 cuits refroidis, et dans lesquels sont empilés les blocs carbonés 6 à cuire, et des cloisons creuses 7. Ces cloisons 7 d'une chambre 3 sont dans le prolongement longitudinal des cloisons creuses 7 des autres chambres 3 de la même travée, et ces cloisons creuses 7 sont en communication les unes avec les autres par des lucarnes 8 à la partie supérieure de leur paroi transversale en regard de passages longitudinaux ménagés à ce niveau dans les murs transversaux 4, de sorte que les cloisons creuses 7 forment des lignes de cloisons longitudinales, disposées parallèlement à la longueur du four et dans lesquelles vont circuler des fluides gazeux (air comburant, gaz combustibles et gaz et fumées de combustion) permettant d'assurer la préchauffe et la cuisson des bloc carbonés 6, puis leur refroidissement.Rotating furnaces for baking anodes are described in particular in the following patent documents: US 4,859,175, WO 91/19147, US 6,339,729, US 6,436,335 and CA 2550880, to which reference will be made for further details about them. However, their structure and their operation are partially recalled, with reference to FIGS. 1, 2a and 2b below, respectively showing a partial perspective view and cutaway cross-section showing the internal structure of such an oven for FIG. 1, and a longitudinal sectional view of a conventional hollow partition of such an oven for Figure 2a and a new-generation hollow partition for Figure 2b. The cooking furnace (FAC) comprises two parallel casings, extending along a longitudinal axis along the length of the furnace, only one of which is shown in FIG. 1, and each comprising a carcass 1 with two lateral walls, longitudinal, vertical and parallel, on a bottom, which walls and bottom are lined internally with a heat insulation 2, each casing also comprising a succession of transverse chambers 3 separated from each other by transverse walls 4. Each chamber 3 is constituted, in its length, that is to say in the transverse direction of the oven, by the alternately juxtaposing cavities 5 open at their upper part to enable the loading of the carbonaceous blocks 6 to be cooked and the unloading of the cooled cooked blocks 6, and in which are stacked the carbonaceous blocks 6 to be cooked, and hollow partitions 7 These partitions 7 of a chamber 3 are in the longitudinal extension of the hollow partitions 7 of the other chambers 3 of the same span, and these hollow partitions 7 are in communication with each other by dormers 8 at the upper part of their transverse wall facing longitudinal passages formed at this level in the transverse walls 4, so that the hollow partitions 7 form rows of longitudinal partitions, arranged parallel to the length of the furnace and in which will flow gaseous fluids (combustion air, combustible gases and gases and combustion fumes) for preheating and cooking the carbon blocks 6, then cooling them.
Les cloisons creuses 7 comportent, en outre, un dispositif de chicanes 9 pour allonger et répartir plus uniformément le trajet des gaz ou fumées de combustion, et une série d' entretoises transversales 10, réparties sur toute leur surface, pour assurer le maintien mécanique de leur parois minces, comme représenté sur les coupes des figures 2a et 2b. Les cloisons creuses 7 sont également munies, à leur partie supérieure, d'ouvertures obturables 11, dites ouvreaux, ménagées dans un bloc de couronnement 12 de la chambre 3 correspondante du four. Sur la figure 2b, les chicanes 9 de la cloison 7 de nouvelle génération se distinguent de celles de la cloison 7 de la figure 2a, en ce qu'elles permettent la répartition des gaz de combustion dans l'ensemble de la cloison sans constituer un obstacle au passage des gaz.The hollow partitions 7 further comprise a baffle device 9 to elongate and distribute more uniformly the path of the combustion gases or fumes, and a series of transverse spacers 10, distributed over their entire surface, to ensure the mechanical maintenance of their thin walls, as shown in the sections of Figures 2a and 2b. The hollow partitions 7 are also provided, at their upper part, closable openings 11, said openings, formed in a crown block 12 of the corresponding chamber 3 of the furnace. In FIG. 2b, the baffles 9 of the new generation partition 7 are distinguished from those of the partition 7 of FIG. 2a, in that they allow the combustion gases to be distributed throughout the partition without constituting a obstacle to the passage of gases.
Pour isoler les cloisons 7 du four en amont des zones de cuisson, afin de permettre le transfert complet des fumées vers une rampe d'aspiration et éviter toute infiltration d'air froid à l'origine d'une baisse de rendement thermique et de la détérioration des équipements par corrosion issue de la formation de composés acides, des obturateurs sont introduits par des ouvreaux 11 de sorte à obturer des lucarnes 8 des cloisons 7 d'une chambre 3 du four, ce qui impose de retirer les couvercles amovibles de ces ouvreaux 11.To isolate the partitions 7 of the furnace upstream of the cooking zones, in order to allow the complete transfer of the fumes to a suction ramp and to avoid any infiltration of cold air at the origin of a decrease in thermal efficiency and the deterioration of the equipment by corrosion resulting from the formation of acidic compounds, shutters are introduced by shutters 11 so as to close skylights 8 of the partitions 7 of a chamber 3 of the oven, which requires removing the removable lids of these openers 11.
Les obturateurs communément utilisés aujourd'hui dans les fours à feu tournant sont constitués d'une plaque fixe, ou déployable manuellement, reliée à une tige de manutention, qui permet d'engager un obturateur dans une cloison creuse en le faisant passer par un ouvreau et de le positionner puis le maintenir en regard d'une lucarne 8 à obturer.The shutters commonly used today in revolving furnaces are constituted by a fixed plate, or manually deployable, connected to a handling rod, which allows to engage a shutter in a hollow partition by doing so. go through a quarney and position it and hold it next to a skylight 8 to close.
Le positionnement de l'obturateur dans la cloison 7 consiste à caler la plaque de l'obturateur contre la lucarne 8 de passage des gaz. Ce positionnement de l'obturateur est une opération délicate, car la section de passage réduite de l'ouvreau 11 offre peu de liberté de mouvement. Avec le vieillissement des cloisons creuses 7, l'opération de calage de l'obturateur devient plus difficile et les cas d'infiltration d'air froid deviennent très fréquents.The positioning of the shutter in the partition 7 is to wedge the plate of the shutter against the skylight 8 of the gas passage. This positioning of the shutter is a delicate operation, because the reduced passage section of the aperture 11 offers little freedom of movement. With the aging of the hollow partitions 7, the shutter setting operation becomes more difficult and cases of infiltration of cold air become very common.
Par les brevets US 6,004,130, US 6,194,960 et EP 1 012 518, on connaît un autre type d'obturateur, se présentant sous la forme d'une vessie gonflable assemblée au bout d'une tige creuse, et dont l'expansion permet l'obstruction d'une lucarne 8 de passage des gaz. Le principal inconvénient de ce type d'obturateur gonflable est qu'il nécessite la présence d' entretoises positionnées de manière adéquate pour assurer le calage de la vessie gonflée. Notamment, les entretoises ne doivent pas être disposées en quinconce comme représenté en particulier sur la figure 2a. De plus, dans un four de ce type en exploitation depuis plusieurs années, les entretoises sont fragilisées par les cycles de dilatation thermique, et la pression additionnelle exercée par la vessie gonflée risque d'aggraver cette fragilisation et de réduire considérablement la durée de vie des entretoises. En outre, la vessie gonflable n'est pas protégée mécaniquement, lors des opérations d'introduction et de retrait de l'obturateur au travers d'un ouvreau tel que 11, et il subsiste des risques importants d'usure et/ou de déchirure de la membrane ou du tissu de la vessie gonflable.US Pat. Nos. 6,004,130, 6,194,960 and 1,012,518 disclose another type of shutter, in the form of an inflatable bladder assembled at the end of a hollow rod, and whose expansion allows the obstruction of a skylight 8 gas passage. The main drawback of this type of inflatable shutter is that it requires the presence of spacers positioned adequately to ensure the wedging of the inflated bladder. In particular, the spacers must not be staggered as shown in particular in Figure 2a. Moreover, in a furnace of this type in operation for several years, the spacers are weakened by thermal expansion cycles, and the additional pressure exerted by the inflated bladder may aggravate this embrittlement and significantly reduce the life of spacers. In addition, the inflatable bladder is not mechanically protected, during operations of introduction and removal of the shutter through a quarl such as 11, and there remain significant risks of wear and / or tearing of the membrane or the tissue of the inflatable bladder.
Le problème à la base de l'invention est de remédier aux inconvénients précités, tout en permettant une obturation des lucarnes avec une étanchéité au moins aussi bonne que celle procurée par l'obturateur à vessie gonflable de l'état de la technique, et en convenant aux fours de ce type dont les cloisons creuses sont rigidifiées par des entretoises en quinconce, et, de manière générale, le but de l'invention est de proposer un obturateur convenant mieux que ceux qui sont connus aux diverses exigences de la pratique. A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un obturateur à joint d'étanchéité gonflable pour lucarne de cloison creuse de four à chambres dit « à feu tournant », qui se caractérise en ce qu'il comprend : une âme rigide, de forme sensiblement rectangulaire allongée, destinée à être disposée en regard d'une lucarne de cloison creuse dudit four, afin d'obturer la majeure partie de la section de passage de gaz par ladite lucarne, et au moins une chambre à air gonflable, escamotée à l'état dégonflé dans un logement de l'âme, et formant, à l'état gonflé, un joint d'étanchéité périphérique, faisant saillie autour du pourtour de l'âme, que ledit joint entoure sur toute sa périphérie afin de compléter l'obturation de ladite lucarne.The problem underlying the invention is to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks, while allowing a closure of the dormers with a seal at least as good as that provided by the inflatable bladder shutter of the state of the art, and suitable for ovens of this type whose hollow partitions are stiffened by staggered spacers, and, in general, the object of the invention is to provide a shutter more suitable than those known to the various requirements of practice. To this end, the subject of the invention is an inflatable seal shutter for a hollow chamber vault hollow chamber partition, which is characterized in that it comprises: a rigid core, of a shape substantially elongated rectangular, intended to be disposed opposite a hollow partition window of said furnace, to close most of the gas passage section by said dormer, and at least one inflatable air chamber, retracted to the deflated state in a housing of the core, and forming, in the inflated state, a peripheral seal, protruding around the periphery of the core, that said seal surrounds around its periphery to complete the shutting said dormer.
Ainsi, à l'état gonflé de la chambre à air, la majeure partie de la section de passage des gaz par la lucarne est obturée par l'âme de l'obturateur, tandis que le joint d'étanchéité périphérique gonflé ainsi réalisé obture le reste de la section de passage des gaz constitué par le jeu périphérique entre l'âme et les parois latérales de la cloison creuse, la base de la lucarne et la paroi supérieure de la cloison creuse.Thus, in the inflated state of the air chamber, most of the gas passage section through the skylight is closed by the core of the shutter, while the swollen peripheral gasket thus formed closes the remainder of the gas passage section constituted by the peripheral clearance between the core and the side walls of the hollow partition, the base of the dormer and the upper wall of the hollow partition.
Les opérations de manutention, et plus particulièrement les phases d'insertion et de retrait de l'obturateur dans une cloison à travers un ouvreau, sont facilitées car effectuées alors que la chambre à air est dégonflée, ce qui permet également de protéger cette chambre à air contre l'usure par frottement au contact des murs et parois. A l'état gonflé, le joint d'étanchéité périphérique formé par la chambre à air complète l'obstruction de la lucarne de passage des gaz en assurant une parfaite étanchéité, indépendamment des déformations des cloisons.The handling operations, and more particularly the phases of insertion and removal of the shutter in a partition through a quarl, are facilitated because performed while the air chamber is deflated, which also protects the room to air against frictional wear in contact with walls and walls. In the inflated state, the peripheral seal formed by the air chamber completes the obstruction of the gas passage window ensuring a perfect seal, independently of the deformations of the partitions.
Dans un premier mode de réalisation, le logement prévu dans l'âme pour recevoir la chambre à air peut être une gorge périphérique ménagée dans le pourtour de l'âme et dans laquelle s'escamote la chambre à air agencée en boudin gonflable faisant saillie, à l'état gonflé, hors de ladite gorge pour former le joint d'étanchéité périphérique.In a first embodiment, the housing provided in the core for receiving the air chamber may be a peripheral groove formed in the periphery of the core and in which the air chamber arranged in protruding inflatable coil is retracted, in the inflated state, out of said groove to form the peripheral seal.
Dans une forme de réalisation de structure avantageusement plus simple et plus économique, l'âme de l'obturateur comprend deux plaques rigides sensiblement de même forme en plan, de préférence rectangulaires allongées à coins biseautés et métalliques, fixées rigidement en regard et à distance l'une de l'autre par des entretoises, et délimitant entre elles un logement qui reçoit la chambre à air gonflable et qui s'ouvre périphériquement entre les deux plaques pour autoriser la formation du joint d'étanchéité périphérique à l'état gonflé de ladite chambre à air.In an embodiment of a structure which is advantageously simpler and more economical, the core of the shutter comprises two rigid plates of substantially the same planar shape, preferably elongated rectangular shapes with bevelled and metallic corners, fixed rigidly opposite and at a distance from each other. one of the other by spacers, and delimiting between them a housing which receives the inflatable air chamber and which opens peripherally between the two plates to allow the formation of the peripheral seal in the inflated state of said air chamber.
Dans cette réalisation, les deux plaques de l'âme sont avantageusement fixées entre elles de manière démontable, de sorte à permettre le remplacement d'une chambre à air endommagée.In this embodiment, the two plates of the core are advantageously fixed together removably, so as to allow the replacement of a damaged air chamber.
Pour réaliser la chambre à air, on utilise un matériau sensiblement étanche à l'air et résistant à la chaleur, aux températures et aux propriétés corrosives des gaz et fumées de combustion, et pouvant être élastiquement déformable, tel qu'une matière élastomère, une feuille de polyuréthane ou un caoutchouc de silicone, et/ou souple, tel qu'un tissu en NYLON® ou en PTFE.In order to produce the inner tube, a material which is substantially airtight and resistant to heat, to the temperatures and to the corrosive properties of the combustion gases and fumes, and which can be elastically deformable, such as an elastomer material, a polyurethane sheet or a silicone rubber, and / or flexible, such as a NYLON® or PTFE fabric.
Pour garantir une excellente protection de la chambre à air, l'obturateur est avantageusement équipé d'un dispositif d'escamotage de la chambre à air à l'état dégonflé dans l'âme.To ensure excellent protection of the inner tube, the shutter is advantageously equipped with a device for retraction of the air chamber in the deflated state in the core.
Dans un premier mode de réalisation, le dispositif d'escamotage peut comprendre au moins un organe de rappel élastiquement déformable, tel qu'au moins un cordon élastique interne à la chambre à air, ou au moins une lanière élastique externe à la chambre à air, qui est mis(e) en expansion par le gonflage de la chambre à air et qui se rétracte élastiquement vers son état de relaxation, au dégonflage de la chambre à air, en escamotant ladite chambre à air dans l'âme. Dans un autre mode réalisation, le dispositif d'escamotage peut comprendre un mécanisme de repli par pantographe, disposé dans la chambre à air de sorte que le gonflage de cette dernière provoque l'écartement de deux flasques reliés l'un à l'autre par au moins un pantographe, et l'ouverture du ou des pantographes en comprimant au moins un ressort de rappel, dont la détente au dégonflage de la chambre à air entraîne la fermeture du ou des pantographes et le repli de la chambre à air dans son logement dans l'âme.In a first embodiment, the retraction device may comprise at least one resiliently deformable return member, such as at least one elastic cord internal to the air chamber, or at least one elastic strap external to the air chamber. which is expanded by inflating the air chamber and elastically retracts to its state of relaxation, deflating the air chamber, by retracting said air chamber into the core. In another embodiment, the retraction device may comprise a pantograph folding mechanism disposed in the air chamber so that the inflation of the latter causes the separation of two flanges connected to one another by at least one pantograph, and the opening of the pantograph or pantographs by compressing at least one return spring, the relaxation of which upon deflation of the air chamber causes the closing of the pantograph (s) and the folding of the inner tube into its housing in the soul.
L'obturateur de l'invention est de préférence muni d'une tige de manutention solidaire de l'âme, par une partie d'extrémité inférieure de tige, de préférence faiblement coudée par rapport à une partie d'extrémité supérieure de tige, laquelle est équipé d'une canne de guidage et de calage afin de faciliter le positionnement de l'obturateur dans la cloison creuse et le calage de l'obturateur sur ledit four. Dans ce cas, la tige de manutention est avantageusement au moins partiellement tubulaire et équipée, à une extrémité de la partie tubulaire, d'un raccord rapide de connexion à un système de gonflage/dégonflage avec une alimentation en air comprimé, l'autre extrémité de la partie tubulaire de la tige étant raccordée à l'intérieur de la chambre à air.The shutter of the invention is preferably provided with a handling rod integral with the core, by a lower end portion of the stem, preferably slightly bent with respect to an upper end portion of the stem, is equipped with a guide rod and stall to facilitate the positioning of the shutter in the hollow wall and the setting of the shutter on said furnace. In this case, the handling rod is advantageously at least partially tubular and equipped, at one end of the tubular part, with a quick connector for connection to an inflation / deflation system with a supply of compressed air, the other end the tubular portion of the rod being connected to the interior of the air chamber.
En outre, l'obturateur est également avantageusement équipé d'un dispositif de contrôle visuel de la pression de gonflage de la chambre à air et si la tige de manutention est au moins partiellement tubulaire, ce dispositif de contrôle visuel est de préférence un manomètre monté sur la tige. Dans tous les modes de réalisation, il est avantageux que l'âme de l'obturateur selon l'invention soit agencée de sorte à permettre le calage de l'obturateur contre la base de la lucarne correspondante, et/ou entre ladite base de la lucarne et une entretoise interne à la cloison correspondante.In addition, the shutter is also advantageously equipped with a device for visual control of the inflation pressure of the air chamber and if the handling rod is at least partially tubular, this visual control device is preferably a manometer mounted on the stem. In all the embodiments, it is advantageous that the core of the shutter according to the invention is arranged so as to allow the wedging of the shutter against the base of the corresponding skylight, and / or between said base of the shutter. skylight and an internal spacer to the corresponding partition.
L'invention a également pour objet un système d'obturation, pour obturer au moins une lucarne de cloison creuse de four à feu tournant et qui se caractérise en ce qu'il comprend au moins un obturateur selon l'invention et tel que défini ci-dessus, et un système de gonflage/dégonflage de chambre à air, comportant un raccord, de préférence rapide et auto-obturant, de connexion à une alimentation en air comprimé, et relié à un régulateur de pression, lui-même relié à une vanne de sélection de gonflage ou dégonflage reliée, d'une part, à la chambre à air dudit au moins un obturateur, pour son gonflage, par l'intermédiaire d'une soupape de sécurité et d'une commande manuelle individuelle de gonflage et dégonflage de ladite chambre à air, et, d'autre part, à un venturi de décharge, connecté à ladite chambre à air par ladite commande individuelle et un clapet piloté par ladite vanne de sélection, pour commander sélectivement l'isolement du venturi lorsque la chambre à air est gonflée, et l'alimentation du venturi en air comprimé pour permettre le dégonflage de ladite chambre à air par aspiration.The invention also relates to a closure system for closing off at least one hollow partition of a rotating furnace and which is characterized in that it comprises at least one shutter according to the invention and as defined herein. above, and a tube inflating / deflating system, comprising a coupling, preferably fast and self-sealing, connection to a compressed air supply, and connected to a pressure regulator, itself connected to a inflation or deflation selection valve connected, on the one hand, to the air chamber of said at least one shutter, for its inflation, via a safety valve and an individual manual control of inflation and deflation of said air chamber, and, secondly, a discharge venturi, connected to said air chamber by said individual control and a valve controlled by said selection valve, for selectively controlling the isolation of the venturi when the a tube is inflated, and the supply of the venturi compressed air to allow deflation of said air chamber by suction.
Dans une forme préférée de réalisation, pour obturer les lucarnes des cloisons creuses d'une même chambre dudit four, le système d'obturation selon l'invention comprend un obturateur selon l'invention et tel que présenté ci-dessus respectivement pour chacune des cloisons creuses de ladite chambre du four, les obturateurs étant connectés en parallèle à la vanne de gonflage/dégonflage et au venturi de décharge d'un système de gonflage/dégonflage commun aux chambres à air des obturateurs.In a preferred embodiment, for closing the dormers of the hollow partitions of the same chamber of said furnace, the shutter system according to the invention comprises a shutter according to the invention and as presented above respectively for each of the partitions. hollow of said oven chamber, the shutters being connected in parallel with the inflation / deflation valve and with the venturi of discharge of an inflation / deflation system common to the inner tubes of the shutters.
Dans ce cas, pour faciliter les opérations d'avancement de feu, les obturateurs sont avantageusement rassemblés sur une passerelle d'obturation commune, s 'étendant au- dessus de ladite chambre du four, et équipée d'un bras de support respectif pour supporter chaque obturateur en position sortie de la cloison creuse correspondante, et d'un raccord à un réseau de distribution d'air comprimé et/ou d'au moins un compresseur d'air pour l'alimentation du système de gonflage/dégonflage.In this case, to facilitate fire advancement operations, the shutters are advantageously assembled on a common gateway, extending above said furnace chamber, and equipped with a respective support arm to support each shutter in the extended position of the corresponding hollow partition, and a connection to a compressed air distribution network and / or at least one air compressor for supplying the inflation / deflation system.
D'autres avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention ressortiront de la description donnée ci-dessous, à titre non limitatif, d'exemples de réalisation décrits en référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels : la figure 1 représente partiellement et schématiquement, en perspective et en coupe transversale avec arrachement, un cuvelage d'un four à feu tournant, les figures 2a et 2b sont des vues en coupe longitudinale de deux réalisations de cloisons creuses pour four selon la figure 1, les figures 1, 2a et 2b ayant déjà été décrites ci-dessus, les figures 3a et 3b sont des vues partielles schématiques représentant un obturateur selon l'invention, positionné devant une lucarne à obturer, respectivement à l'état dégonflé du joint d'étanchéité périphérique sur la figure 3a et à l'état gonflé de ce joint sur la figure 3b, la figure 3c est une vue en perspective éclatée d'un exemple de réalisation de l'âme et de la chambre à air d'un obturateur selon l'invention, la figure 4 est une représentation schématique d'un système de gonflage/dégonflage pneumatique de la chambre à air d'un obturateur de l'invention, la figure 5 est une représentation schématique d'un système d'obturation comprenant autant d'obturateurs qu'une chambre du four comprend de cloisons et dont les chambres à air sont gonflées et dégonflées à l'aide d'un système de gonflage/dégonflage à air comprimé commun. les figures 6a et 6b représentent schématiquement deux dispositifs d'escamotage à organes de rappel élastiquement déformables, pour escamoter la chambre à air à l'état dégonflé dans l'âme, et les figures 6c et 6d représentent un dispositif d'escamotage de la chambre à air qui comprend un mécanisme à pantographe, dans les positions respectivement déployée et rentrée.Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will emerge from the description given below, without limitation, of embodiments described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 shows partially and schematically, in perspective and in cross-section with cutaway, a casing of a furnace rotating, Figures 2a and 2b are longitudinal sectional views of two embodiments of hollow partitions for furnace according to Figure 1, Figures 1, 2a and 2b having already been described above, Figures 3a and 3b are schematic partial views showing a shutter according to the invention, positioned in front of a skylight to be closed respectively in the deflated state of the peripheral seal in Figure 3a and in the state 3b is an exploded perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of the core and the inner tube of a shutter according to FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic representation of a pneumatic inflating / deflating system of the air chamber of a shutter of the invention, FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of a shutter system comprising as many shutters that an oven chamber includes partitions and whose air chambers are inflated and deflated using a common compressed air inflation / deflation system. FIGS. 6a and 6b schematically represent two retraction devices with resiliently deformable return members for retracting the air chamber in the deflated state in the core, and FIGS. 6c and 6d show a device for retracting the chamber air which comprises a pantograph mechanism, in the respectively extended and retracted positions.
Comme représenté sur les figures 3a et 3b, l'obturateur 13 selon l'invention comprend une âme centrale 14, rigide et suffisamment réfractaire pour résister à la température des gaz et fumées circulant dans les cloisons creuses 7 et passant par les lucarnes 8, cette âme rigide 14, par exemple en un matériau métallique, étant de forme sensiblement rectangulaire allongée en plan, pour pouvoir être disposée en regard d'une lucarne 8 d'une cloison creuse 7 du four, et ainsi obturer la majeure partie de la section de passage des gaz par cette lucarne 8. L'obturateur 13 comprend également une chambre à air gonflable 15, visible sur la figure 3b représentant l'obturateur 13 avec la chambre à air 15 à l'état gonflé, dans lequel cette chambre à air 15 forme un joint d'étanchéité pneumatique périphérique 16, qui entoure l'âme rigide centrale 14 sur tout son périmètre, alors qu'à l'état dégonflé, représenté sur la figure 3a, la chambre à air 15 n'est pas visible, car escamotée à l'intérieur d'un logement ménagé dans l'âme centrale 14. Ainsi, à l'état gonflé de la chambre à air 15, le joint d'étanchéité pneumatique périphérique 16, qui fait saillie autour du pourtour de l'âme centrale 14, vient compléter l'obturation de la section de passage des gaz par la lucarne 8, qui est principalement assurée par l'âme centrale 14, comme visible sur la figure 3a. Sur la figure 3 b, la lucarne 8 est totalement obturée, avec étanchéité, par le fait que le joint d'étanchéité périphérique pneumatique 16 obture le jeu entre le pourtour de l'âme centrale 14 et les murs et parois environnants de la cloison creuse 7.As represented in FIGS. 3a and 3b, the shutter 13 according to the invention comprises a central core 14, rigid and sufficiently refractory to withstand the temperature of the gases and fumes circulating in the hollow partitions 7 and passing through the dormers 8, this rigid core 14, for example of a metallic material, being of substantially rectangular shape elongate in plan, to be arranged facing a skylight 8 of a hollow partition 7 of the furnace, and thus close the major part of the section of This shutter 13 also comprises an inflatable air chamber 15, visible in FIG. 3b, showing the shutter 13 with the air chamber 15 in the inflated state, in which this air chamber 15 forms a peripheral pneumatic seal 16, which surrounds the central rigid core 14 over its entire perimeter, whereas in the deflated state, shown in Figure 3a, the air chamber 15 is not visib the, because retracted inside a housing in the central core 14. Thus, in the inflated state of the air chamber 15, the peripheral pneumatic seal 16, which protrudes around the periphery of the central core 14 completes the closing of the gas passage section through the skylight 8, which is mainly provided by the central core 14, as shown in Figure 3a. In Figure 3b, the skylight 8 is completely sealed, with sealing, in that the pneumatic peripheral seal 16 closes the clearance between the periphery of the central core 14 and the surrounding walls and walls of the hollow partition 7.
De manière pratique, comme représenté sur la figure 3c, l'âme rigide 14 est constituée de deux plaques métalliques 17a et 17b, de même forme rectangulaire allongée à sommets biseautés ou arrondis, qui sont fixées en regard et à distance l'une de l'autre par trois entretoises 18 tubulaires, contre les extrémités desquelles les plaques 17a et 17b sont fixées par des vis 18a traversant des rondelles 18b appliquées contre les faces externes des plaques 17a et 17b, et traversant des orifices percés dans ces plaques pour se visser dans les extrémités opposées taraudées des entretoises tubulaires 18. La chambre à air 15 est un coussin gonflable qui occupe le volume 19 délimité entre les deux plaques 17a et 17b, et dans lequel cette chambre à air 15 entoure les entretoises 18 traversant chacune un passage étanche 20 de forme correspondante ménagé dans la chambre à air 15, représentée à l'état gonflé sur la figure 3c, de sorte que sa périphérie constitue le joint d'étanchéité pneumatique périphérique 16 qui fait saillie hors du logement 19 entre les plaques 17a et 17b sur tout le périmètre de ces plaques. Ainsi, les deux plaques 17a et 17b de l'âme 14 de l'obturateur 13 à chambre à air gonflable 15 de la figure 3c sont fixées entre elles d'une manière démontable, de sorte qu'en cas d'endommagement de la chambre à air 15, celle-ci peut être facilement remplacée, après dévissage des vis 18a. A l'état monté de l'obturateur 13, la chambre à air gonflable 15, quel que soit son état, gonflé ou dégonflé, est retenue par les entretoises 18 dans le logement 19.Conveniently, as shown in FIG. 3c, the rigid core 14 consists of two metal plates 17a and 17b, of the same elongated rectangular shape with bevelled or rounded tops, which are fixed opposite and at a distance from one another. another by three tubular spacers 18 against which the ends 17a and 17b of the plates are fixed by screws 18a through washers 18b applied against the faces external plates 17a and 17b, and passing holes drilled in these plates to be screwed into the opposite ends threaded tubular spacers 18. The air chamber 15 is an airbag occupying the volume 19 delimited between the two plates 17a and 17b and wherein said air chamber 15 surrounds the spacers 18 each passing through a correspondingly shaped passageway 20 formed in the air chamber 15, shown in the inflated state in FIG. 3c, so that its periphery constitutes the gasket peripheral pneumatic sealing 16 which protrudes out of the housing 19 between the plates 17a and 17b over the entire perimeter of these plates. Thus, the two plates 17a and 17b of the core 14 of the obturator 13 with inflatable air chamber 15 of FIG. 3c are fixed together in a manner that can be dismantled, so that in the event of damage to the chamber 15 air, it can be easily replaced, after unscrewing screws 18a. In the mounted state of the shutter 13, the inflatable air chamber 15, whatever its state, inflated or deflated, is retained by the struts 18 in the housing 19.
En position d'utilisation de l'obturateur 13 (voir figure 3b), comme la chambre à air 15 gonflée est exposée, au moins au niveau du joint pneumatique périphérique 16, à des gaz et fumées qui sont relativement chauds, la chambre à air 15 doit être réalisée dans un matériau qui, non seulement, est sensiblement étanche à un gaz de gonflage, en pratique de l'air comprimé, mais également sensiblement résistant à la chaleur, aux températures et aux propriétés corrosives desdits gaz et fumées de combustion, au niveau des cloisons creuses 7 de la chambre 3 dont des lucarnes 8 doivent être obturées. On peut utiliser, à cet effet, une membrane élastiquement déformable, réalisée par exemple dans une matière élastomère ou dans une feuille de polyuréthane ou dans un caoutchouc de silicone, ou encore une membrane souple, par exemple une structure textile telle qu'un tissu en NYLON® ou en PTFE, ou encore en NOMEX®, ou encore une membrane composite constituée d'une matrice en polyuréthane ou silicone renforcée par une armature textile, par exemple en tissu ou non-tissé de NYLON® ou PTFE. Il peut également s'agir d'une feuille de structure textile souple recouverte d'un revêtement de NOMEX®, NYLON® ou PTFE.In the position of use of the shutter 13 (see FIG. 3b), since the inflated air chamber is exposed, at least at the level of the peripheral pneumatic seal 16, to gases and fumes that are relatively hot, the air chamber 15 must be made of a material which not only is substantially impervious to an inflation gas, in practice compressed air, but also substantially resistant to the heat, temperatures and corrosive properties of said combustion gases and fumes, at the level of the hollow partitions 7 of the chamber 3 of which skylights 8 must be closed. For this purpose, it is possible to use an elastically deformable membrane made, for example, of an elastomeric material or of a polyurethane sheet or of a silicone rubber, or else a flexible membrane, for example a textile structure such as a textile fabric. NYLON® or PTFE, or in NOMEX®, or a composite membrane made of a polyurethane or silicone matrix reinforced by a textile reinforcement, for example fabric or non-woven NYLON® or PTFE. It can also be a sheet of flexible textile structure covered with a coating of NOMEX®, NYLON® or PTFE.
L'obturateur 13 comprend également une tige de manutention 21, dont une partie d'extrémité dite inférieure 21a est solidaire de l'âme rigide 14 de l'obturateur 13, de sorte qu'un opérateur puisse manœuvrer la partie d'extrémité opposée dite supérieure 21b de cette tige 21 pour faire passer l'âme 14 et la chambre à air 15 dégonflée par un ouvreau l i a proximité immédiate d'une lucarne 8 à obturer, à l'introduction de l'obturateur 13 dans la cloison creuse 7 correspondante, ou au retrait de l'obturateur 13 de cette cloison 7, ainsi que pour manœuvrer l'obturateur 13 dans la cloison 7 et le positionner de manière appropriée en regard de la lucarne 8, la chambre à air 15 étant toujours dégonflée, et rétractée ou escamotée dans le logement 19 entre les deux plaques 17a et 17b de l'âme 14, non seulement pour faciliter ces opérations de manutention à l'insertion, au retrait ou au positionnement de l'obturateur 13, mais également pour protéger la chambre à air 15 dégonflée contre l'usure par frottement et les déchirements au contact des murs, parois, entretoises 10 et ouvreaux 11.The shutter 13 also comprises a handling rod 21, a so-called lower end portion 21a is integral with the rigid core 14 of the shutter 13, so that an operator can maneuver the so-called opposite end portion superior 21b of this rod 21 to pass the core 14 and the air chamber 15 deflated by a starter lia immediate proximity of a skylight 8 to be closed, the introduction of the shutter 13 in the corresponding hollow partition 7, or withdrawal shutter 13 of this partition 7, as well as to maneuver the shutter 13 in the partition 7 and position it appropriately facing the skylight 8, the air chamber 15 is still deflated, and retracted or retracted in the 19 between the two plates 17a and 17b of the core 14, not only to facilitate these handling operations to the insertion, removal or positioning of the shutter 13, but also to protect the air chamber 15 deflated against frictional wear and tearing in contact with walls, walls, spacers 10 and shutters 11.
Pour faciliter ces manœuvres, la tige 21 est légèrement coudée entre ses parties d'extrémités inférieure 21a et supérieure 21b, ce qui facilite le positionnement de l'âme 14 inclinée et en regard de la lucarne 8 (voir figure 3a), la structure de l'âme 14 avec ses deux plaques 17a et 17b espacées étant favorable à un appui et à un bon calage de l'extrémité inférieure de l'obturateur 13, en position d'utilisation, par chevauchement d'une arête sur la base 8a de la lucarne 8, et alors que l'âme 14 s'étend entre cette base 8a de lucarne 8, des entretoises 8b qui subdivisent cette lucarne 8 en plusieurs passages, d'un côté, et, de l'autre côté, une entretoise 10 interne à la cloison creuse 7 correspondante. De plus, la partie d'extrémité supérieure de tige 21b, qui fait toujours saillie hors de l'ouvreau 11 lorsque l'obturateur 13 est en bonne position d'utilisation, est équipée d'une canne 22 de guidage et de calage, qui facilite le positionnement de l'obturateur 13 par l'opérateur dans la cloison creuse 7, en particulier pour les petits mouvements de rotation autour de l'axe de la partie d'extrémité supérieure de tige 21b rectiligne, et qui facilite également le calage de l'obturateur 13 en position d'utilisation sur le four, comme représenté sur les figures 3a et 3b, par appui de la canne 22 sur le bloc de couronnement 12.To facilitate these maneuvers, the rod 21 is slightly bent between its lower end portions 21a and 21b upper, which facilitates the positioning of the core 14 inclined and facing the dormer 8 (see Figure 3a), the structure of the core 14 with its two plates 17a and 17b spaced being favorable to a support and a good wedging of the lower end of the shutter 13, in the position of use, by overlapping an edge on the base 8a of skylight 8, and while the core 14 extends between the base 8a skylight 8, spacers 8b which subdivide this skylight 8 in several passages, on one side, and, on the other side, a spacer 10 internal to the corresponding hollow partition 7. In addition, the upper end portion 21b rod, which always protrudes out of the quarlet 11 when the shutter 13 is in a good use position, is equipped with a guide rod 22 and wedging, which facilitates the positioning of the shutter 13 by the operator in the hollow partition 7, in particular for the small rotational movements about the axis of the upper end portion of the rectilinear rod 21b, and which also facilitates the setting of the shutter 13 in use position on the oven, as shown in Figures 3a and 3b, by pressing the rod 22 on the crown block 12.
En position d'obturation complète de la lucarne 8 (figure 3b), lorsque la chambre à air 14 est gonflée et le joint d'étanchéité pneumatique périphérique 16 formé, une étanchéité complète est assurée, indépendamment des déformations des parois de la cloison 7, et, compte tenu du calage préalable de l'obturateur 13 contre la base 8a de la lucarne 8 de passage des gaz par l'âme rigide 14, la pression de gonflage de la chambre à air 15 s'exerce uniquement sur les parois latérales et sur la base 8a de la lucarne 8, ainsi que sur la face inférieure du bloc de couronnement 12. Les entretoises 10 de la cloison creuse 7 et 8b des lucarnes 8 ne sont donc pas sollicitées, ni plus fragilisées que par les contraintes thermiques, et en conséquence leur durée de vie est augmentée.In the complete shutter position of the skylight 8 (FIG. 3b), when the air chamber 14 is inflated and the peripheral pneumatic seal 16 formed, a complete seal is ensured, independently of the deformations of the walls of the partition 7, and, taking into account the previous setting of the shutter 13 against the base 8a of the 8 skylight passage of the gas by the rigid core 14, the air chamber inflation pressure is exerted only on the side walls and on the base 8a of the skylight 8, and on the underside of the block of 12. The spacers 10 of the hollow partition 7 and 8b skylights 8 are not solicited or more fragile than by thermal stresses, and therefore their life is increased.
Le gonflage et le dégonflage de la chambre à air 15 sont assurés par la tige de manutention 21, qui est tubulaire sur toute sa longueur, et qui est reliée à l'intérieur de la chambre à air 15 par un raccord étanche raccordant l'extrémité inférieure de la tige 21 à la chambre à air 15, tandis que l'extrémité supérieure de cette tige 21 est équipée d'un raccord rapide auto-obturant 23, pour la connexion sélective de la chambre à air 15 de l'obturateur 13 à une alimentation en air comprimé, pour le gonflage, et à l'atmosphère, pour le dégonflage.Inflation and deflation of the air chamber 15 are provided by the handling rod 21, which is tubular over its entire length, and which is connected to the inside of the air chamber 15 by a sealing connection connecting the end. lower part of the rod 21 to the air chamber 15, while the upper end of this rod 21 is equipped with a self-closing fast connector 23, for the selective connection of the air chamber 15 of the shutter 13 to a supply of compressed air, for inflation, and the atmosphere, for deflation.
Ce raccord rapide 23 permet, comme représenté sur la figure 4, de raccorder une alimentation en air comprimé 24 à un système 25 de gonflage/dégonflage de la chambre à air 15 de l'obturateur 13 des figures 3a à 3c pour former un système d'obturation pour une lucarne 8 de cloison creuse 7, dans lequel le système 25 de gonflage/dégonflage peut être intégré dans l'obturateur 13 en étant supporté directement par sa tige de manutention 21 et/ou sa canne 22 de guidage et calage.This quick coupling 23 makes it possible, as shown in FIG. 4, to connect a compressed air supply 24 to an inflation / deflation system 15 of the air chamber 15 of the shutter 13 of FIGS. 3a to 3c to form a system shutter for a skylight 8 of hollow partition 7, wherein the inflation / deflation system 25 can be integrated into the shutter 13 being supported directly by its handling rod 21 and / or its rod 22 guide and wedging.
Sur la figure 4, pour des raisons de simplification, l'âme 14, la tige 21 et la canne 22 de l'obturateur 13 ne sont pas représentées, de sorte que l'obturateur 13 proprement dit n'est représenté que par sa chambre à air gonflable 15 raccordée au système 25 de gonflage/dégonflage précité et à présent décrit.In FIG. 4, for reasons of simplification, the web 14, the rod 21 and the rod 22 of the shutter 13 are not represented, so that the shutter 13 itself is represented only by its chamber Inflatable air 15 connected to the above inflation / deflation system and now described.
Le raccord rapide 23 relie l'alimentation en air comprimé 24 à un filtre 26 suivi d'un régulateur de pression 27, du type piloté par la pression d'alimentation, lui-même relié à une première des trois voies d'une vanne 28 à deux positions de sélection des configurations de gonflage et dégonflage de la chambre à air 15. Cette vanne 28 comporte un levier manuel 29 dont la manœuvre permet de différencier les configurations gonflage et dégonflage. Dans la configuration gonflage, la vanne pneumatique 28 est reliée par une deuxième voie à une soupape de sécurité 30, également pilotée par sa pression d'admission, et elle-même reliée à une vanne ou robinet 31 de commande manuelle de gonflage ou dégonflage de la chambre à air 15, dont la pression de gonflage est indiquée par un manomètre 32, équipant l'obturateur 13, et par exemple monté sur sa tige 21, à titre de dispositif ou indicateur de contrôle visuel de la pression de gonflage de la chambre à air 15.The quick connector 23 connects the compressed air supply 24 to a filter 26 followed by a pressure regulator 27 of the type controlled by the supply pressure, itself connected to a first of the three channels of a valve 28 two positions for selecting the inflating and deflating configurations of the air chamber 15. This valve 28 comprises a manual lever 29, the maneuver allows to differentiate the inflation and deflation configurations. In the inflating configuration, the pneumatic valve 28 is connected by a second channel to a safety valve 30, also controlled by its intake pressure, and itself connected to a valve or valve 31 for manual control of inflation or deflation of the air chamber 15, whose pressure inflation is indicated by a pressure gauge 32, fitted to the shutter 13, and for example mounted on its rod 21, as device or indicator visual control of the inflation pressure of the air chamber 15.
En parallèle, cette deuxième voie de la vanne de sélection 28 est également reliée à l'ajutage d'aspiration d'un venturi de décharge 33, par l'intermédiaire d'un clapet piloté 34, piloté par la vanne de sélection 28 de sorte à être fermé lorsque la vanne 28 est en configuration de gonflage, et ouvert lorsque la vanne 28 est en configuration de dégonflage.In parallel, this second channel of the selection valve 28 is also connected to the suction nozzle of a discharge venturi 33, via a controlled valve 34, controlled by the selection valve 28 so to be closed when the valve 28 is in the inflation configuration, and open when the valve 28 is in the deflation configuration.
Enfin, la troisième voie de la vanne de sélection 28 est reliée au venturi de décharge 33, de sorte qu'en configuration de dégonflage de la vanne de sélection 28, cette dernière alimente le venturi de décharge 33 en air comprimé, générant une dépression de décharge dans l'ajutage d'aspiration et la conduite venant du clapet piloté 34, de la soupape de sécurité 30, de la commande manuelle 31 et de la chambre à air 15. On comprend qu'une fois la configuration de gonflage ou dégonflage choisie au niveau de la vanne de sélection 28, l'opérateur actionne manuellement la commande 31 pour gonfler la chambre à air 15 avec de l'air comprimé, ou pour la dégonfler grâce à la dépression de décharge générée dans le venturi 33 alors alimenté en air comprimé par la vanne de sélection 28.Finally, the third channel of the selection valve 28 is connected to the discharge venturi 33, so that in the deflation configuration of the selection valve 28, the latter supplies the discharge venturi 33 with compressed air, generating a negative pressure. discharge in the suction nozzle and the pipe coming from the pilot valve 34, the safety valve 30, the manual control 31 and the air chamber 15. It is understood that once the inflation or deflation configuration chosen at the selection valve 28, the operator manually actuates the control 31 to inflate the air chamber 15 with compressed air, or to deflate it through the discharge depression generated in the venturi 33 then supplied with air compressed by the selection valve 28.
Comme il est nécessaire d'obturer une lucarne 8 dans chacune des cloisons creuses 7 d'une même chambre 3 du four, une réalisation avantageuse du système d'obturation est représentée sur la figure 5, et rassemble n obturateurs 13a, 13b, • • • 13n-i et 13n, dont chacun est destiné à obturer une lucarne 8 de l'une respectivement des n cloisons creuses7a, 7b,... 7n-1 et 7n de la chambre 3 concernée. Ces n obturateurs, chacun identique à celui 13 décrit ci-dessus et représenté schématiquement sur les figures 3a à 3c, sont rassemblés sur une passerelle d'obturation commune dont la structure mécanique est schématiquement représentée en 35 sur la figure 5, et s'étend au-dessus de cette chambre 3 du four, c'est-à-dire transversalement au-dessus des cloisons creuses 7a à In. Sur cette passerelle d'obturation 35, les chambres à air 15 gonflables des obturateurs 13a à 13n et les commandes manuelles individuelles de gonflage ou dégonflage 31a à 3 In respectives sont connectées en parallèle, par l'intermédiaire de la soupape de sécurité 30, d'une part à la vanne de sélection 28 à levier manuel 29 et, d'autre part, au venturi de décharge 33 d'un système 25 de gonflage/dégonflage qui est commun à toutes les chambres à air 15 des obturateurs 13a à 13n et qui constitue un système général de commande pneumatique embarqué sur la passerelle 35, qui est en outre équipée d'un bras de support (non représenté) respectif pour supporter chaque obturateur 13a à 13n, lorsque cet obturateur est sorti de la cloison creuse 7a à 7n correspondante, pour faciliter les déplacements de la passerelle d'obturation 35 emportant avec elle tous les obturateurs 13a à 13n et leur système général de commande de gonflage/dégonflage 25, alimenté depuis un réseau de distribution d'air comprimé par un raccord tel que 23 ou par au moins un compresseur d'air, monté sur la passerelle d'obturation 35, pour assurer une alimentation principale ou de secours du système 25 en air comprimé.Since it is necessary to close a window 8 in each of the hollow partitions 7 of the same oven chamber 3, an advantageous embodiment of the sealing assembly is shown in Figure 5 and n together shutters 13a, 13b, • • • -i n 13 and n 13 each of which is designed to close a window 8 of one of the n partitions creuses7 respectively, 7b, ... 7 n-1 and n 7 of the respective chamber 3. These n shutters, each identical to that 13 described above and shown schematically in Figures 3a to 3c, are collected on a common gateway closure whose mechanical structure is schematically shown at 35 in Figure 5, and extends above this chamber 3 of the oven, that is to say transversely above the hollow partitions 7 a to I n. This shutter gateway 35, the air chambers 15 of inflatable obturators 13 a-13 n and individual manual control of inflation or deflation 31a to respective I 3 n are connected in parallel, via the valve 30, on the one hand to the selector valve 28 with manual lever 29 and, on the other hand, to the venturi of discharge 33 of an inflation / deflation system 25 which is common to all the air chambers 15 of the shutters 13 a to 13 n and which constitutes a general pneumatic control system mounted on the bridge 35, which is furthermore equipped with a support arm (not shown) for supporting each respective shutter 13 a to 13 n, when the shutter is out of the hollow wall 7 a to 7 n corresponding, to facilitate movement of the shutter gateway 35 carrying with it all the shutters 13 a to 13 n and their general inflation / deflation control system 25, supplied from a compressed air distribution network by a connection such as 23 or by at least one air compressor, mounted on the gateway of FIG. shutter 35, to provide a main supply or backup of the system 25 compressed air.
Dans l'installation de la figure 5, l'actionnement commun ou individuel du gonflage ou dégonflage de tous les obturateurs 13a à 13n ou de l'un ou plusieurs d'entre eux seulement, est permis par l'actionnement de la ou des commandes manuelles individuelles 31a à 3 In correspondantes, ce qui permet de faciliter les opérations d'avancement de feu tout en conservant la faculté de dégonfler la chambre à air 15 endommagée d'un ou plusieurs obturateurs 13 d'une même chambre 3, pour procéder immédiatement au remplacement de toute chambre à air défectueuse.In the installation of Figure 5, the common or individual actuation of the inflation or deflation of all shutters 13 a to 13 n or one or more of them only is enabled by actuation of the or corresponding individual manual controls 31 a to 3 I n , which facilitates the fire progress operations while maintaining the ability to deflate the damaged air chamber of one or more shutters 13 of the same chamber 3 , to proceed immediately to the replacement of any defective tube.
En outre, pour garantir, au dégonflage d'une chambre à air 15, un escamotage complet de cette chambre à air dans le logement 19 dans l'âme rigide 14 de l'obturateur 13 correspondant, la chambre à air 15 est équipée d'un dispositif d'escamotage, dont deux exemples de réalisation, comportant des organes de rappel élastiquement déformables, sont schématiquement représentés sur les figures 6a et 6b.In addition, in order to guarantee, at the deflation of an air chamber 15, a complete retraction of this air chamber in the housing 19 in the rigid core 14 of the corresponding shutter 13, the air chamber 15 is equipped with a retraction device, two embodiments of which comprise resiliently deformable return members, are diagrammatically shown in FIGS. 6a and 6b.
Sur la figure 6a, ce dispositif d'escamotage comprend, par exemple, cinq cordons élastiques 36, dont chacun est un anneau élastique collé contre la face interne de la chambre à air 15, de sorte que ces anneaux 36 sont mis en expansion, par déformation élastique, par le gonflage de la chambre à air 15 entre les deux plaques 17a et 17b, et que, au dégonflage de la chambre à air 15, les cordons 36 se rétractent élastiquement vers leur état de relaxation, et participent au dégonflage de la chambre à air 15 qui est ainsi toute entière rétractée à l'intérieur du logement 19 entre les deux plaques 17a et 17b. On comprend que la rétraction élastique des cordons 36 assiste le venturi de décharge 33 au dégonflage. Sur la figure 6b, le dispositif d'escamotage de la chambre à air 15 comprend, comme organes de rappel élastiquement déformables, un ensemble de lanières élastiques externes 37, qui ceinturent la chambre à air 15 pour la rétracter au cours du dégonflage, après leur expansion par déformation élastique lors du gonflage de cette chambre à air 15. En plus de tels organes de rappel élastiquement déformables, ou à la place de ces derniers, il est possible que le dispositif d'escamotage comprenne un mécanisme de repli par pantographe, représenté déployé sur la figure 6c, lorsque la chambre à air 15 est gonflée, et replié sur la figure 6d, en rétractant la chambre à air 15 entre les plaques 17a et 17b de l'âme 14. Ce mécanisme comprend, par exemple, deux flasques 38a et 38b rigides, parallèles et espacés l'un de l'autre, fixés sur les bords intérieurs de la chambre à air 15, et reliés l'un à l'autre par un pantographe 39 à deux compas et par un compas simple 40, les banches du pantographe 39 comme du compas 40 étant articulées à pivotement autour de pivots parallèles entre eux et au plan des flasques 38a et 38b, et perpendiculaires à un axe central 41 du mécanisme lui-même solidaire des plaques 17a et 17b, sur lequel les bras du pantographe 39 et du compas 40 sont également pivotants et autour duquel sont montés des ressort hélicoïdaux 42 comprimés contre des butées 43 par le déplacement axial de l'axe central 41 lorsque les deux flasques 38a et 38b s'écartent l'un de l'autre au gonflage de la chambre à air 15, du fait de l'ouverture du compas 40 et des deux compas constituant le pantographe 39. Au dégonflage de la chambre à air 15, la détente des ressorts 42 préalablement comprimés par le gonflage entraîne la fermeture du pantographe 39 et du compas 40, ce qui commande le rapprochement des deux flasques 38a et 38b l'un de l'autre et le repli de la chambre à air 15 dans son logement 19 dans l'âme 14. Le mécanisme de repli des bords intérieurs de la chambre à air peut être complété par un mécanisme de repli des bords inférieurs et supérieurs 38c et 38d constitué d'une tige de rappel 44 reliée au ressort de rappel 45 comprimé contre la butée 46 elle-même solidaire de l'une des plaques de l'obturateur 17a ou 17b.In FIG. 6a, this retraction device comprises, for example, five elastic beads 36, each of which is an elastic ring bonded against the inner face of the air chamber 15, so that these rings 36 are expanded by elastic deformation, by inflating the air chamber 15 between the two plates 17a and 17b, and that, upon deflation of the air chamber 15, the cords 36 retract elastically to their state of relaxation, and participate in the deflation of the air chamber 15 which is completely retracted inside the housing 19 between the two plates 17a and 17b. It is understood that the elastic retraction of the cords 36 assists the discharge venturi 33 deflation. In FIG. 6b, the device for retracting the air chamber 15 comprises, as elastically deformable return members, a set of external elastic strips 37, which surround the air chamber 15 to retract it during deflation, after their expansion in elastic deformation during inflation of this air chamber 15. In addition to such elastically deformable return members, or in place of these, it is possible that the retraction device comprises a pantograph folding mechanism, shown deployed in FIG. 6c, when the air chamber 15 is inflated, and folded in FIG. 6d, by retracting the air chamber 15 between the plates 17a and 17b of the core 14. This mechanism comprises, for example, two flanges 38a and 38b rigid, parallel and spaced from each other, fixed on the inner edges of the air chamber 15, and connected to each other by a pantograph 39 with two compasses and a simple compass 4 0, the dams of the pantograph 39 as the compass 40 being hinged to pivot about pivots parallel to each other and to the plane of the flanges 38a and 38b, and perpendicular to a central axis 41 of the mechanism itself integral plates 17a and 17b, on which arms of the pantograph 39 and the compass 40 are also pivotable and around which are mounted helical spring 42 pressed against abutments 43 by the axial displacement of the central axis 41 when the two flanges 38a and 38b part one on the other hand to inflation of the air chamber 15, due to the opening of the compass 40 and the two compasses constituting the pantograph 39. At deflation of the air chamber 15, the relaxation of the springs 42 previously compressed by the inflation causes the closing of the pantograph 39 and the compass 40, which controls the bringing together of the two flanges 38a and 38b from each other and the folding of the air chamber 15 in its housing 19 in the core 14. The mechanism of folding of the inner edges of the inner tube may be completed by a folding mechanism of the lower and upper edges 38c and 38d consists of a return rod 44 connected to the return spring 45 compressed against the abutment 46 itself integral with the one of the plates of the shutter 17a or 17b.
Bien entendu, d'autres variantes de dispositif de rétraction ou d'escamotage de la chambre à air à l'état dégonflé dans le logement de l'âme sont possibles et, sur l'installation de la figure 5, il peut être avantageux de remplacer chaque commande manuelle individuelle 31a à 3 In par une télécommande individuelle de gonflage ou dégonflage, de sorte que les opérations simultanées, ou individuelles, de gonflage et dégonflage des chambres à air 15 peuvent être commandées à distance. En variante encore, le dégonflage d'une chambre à air 15 peut être provoqué uniquement par des organes de rappel, sans assistance par un venturi de décharge. Of course, other variants of retraction device or retraction of the air chamber in the deflated state in the housing of the core are possible and, on the installation of Figure 5, it may be advantageous to replace each individual manual control 31a to 3 In with an individual inflation remote control or deflation, so that simultaneous, or individual, inflation and deflation operations of the air chambers can be controlled remotely. In another variant, the deflation of an air chamber 15 can be caused solely by return members, without assistance by a venturi discharge.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Obturateur (13) à joint d'étanchéité gonflable (16), pour lucarne (8) de cloison creuse (7) de four à chambres (3) dit « à feu tournant », caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend :1. Shutter (13) with inflatable seal (16), for skylight (8) of hollow partition (7) chamber furnace (3) said "rotating fire", characterized in that it comprises:
- une âme (14) rigide, de forme sensiblement rectangulaire allongée, destinée à être disposée en regard d'une lucarne (8) de cloison creuse (7) dudit four, afin d'obturer la majeure partie de la section de passage de gaz par ladite lucarne (8), et- A rigid core (14) of elongated substantially rectangular shape, intended to be arranged facing a dormer (8) of hollow partition (7) of said furnace, to seal most of the gas passage section by said dormer (8), and
- au moins une chambre à air (15) gonflable, escamotée à l'état dégonflé dans un logement (19) de l'âme (14), et formant, à l'état gonflé, un joint d'étanchéité périphérique (16), faisant saillie autour du pourtour de l'âme (14), que ledit joint (16) entoure sur toute sa périphérie afin de compléter l'obturation de ladite lucarne (8).- at least one inflatable air chamber (15), retracted deflated in a housing (19) of the core (14), and forming, in the inflated state, a peripheral seal (16) , protruding around the periphery of the core (14), that said seal (16) surrounds around its entire periphery to complete the closure of said skylight (8).
2. Obturateur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le logement (19) est une gorge périphérique ménagée dans le pourtour de l'âme (14) et dans laquelle s'escamote la chambre à air (15) agencée en boudin gonflable faisant saillie, à l'état gonflé, hors de ladite gorge pour former le joint d'étanchéité périphérique (16). 2. Shutter according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing (19) is a peripheral groove formed in the periphery of the core (14) and in which retracts the air chamber (15) arranged in inflatable coil making protruding, in the inflated state, out of said groove to form the peripheral seal (16).
3. Obturateur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'âme (14) comprend deux plaques rigides (17a, 17b), sensiblement de même forme en plan, fixées rigidement en regard et à distance l'une de l'autre par des entretoises (18), et délimitant entre elles un logement (19) qui reçoit la chambre à air (15) gonflable et qui s'ouvre périphériquement entre les deux plaques (17a, 17b) pour autoriser la formation du joint d'étanchéité périphérique (16) à l'état gonflé de ladite chambre à air (15).3. Shutter according to claim 1, characterized in that the core (14) comprises two rigid plates (17a, 17b), substantially of the same shape in plan, fixed rigidly opposite and at a distance from one another by spacers (18), and defining between them a housing (19) which receives the inflatable air chamber (15) and which opens peripherally between the two plates (17a, 17b) to allow the formation of the peripheral seal (16) in the inflated state of said air chamber (15).
4. Obturateur selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les deux plaques (17a, 17b) de l'âme (14) sont fixées entre elles de manière démontable de sorte à permettre le remplacement d'une chambre à air (15) endommagée.4. Shutter according to claim 3, characterized in that the two plates (17a, 17b) of the core (14) are fixed together removably so as to allow the replacement of a damaged air chamber (15). .
5. Obturateur (13) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en que ladite chambre à air (15) est réalisée en un matériau sensiblement étanche à l'air et résistant à la chaleur, aux températures et aux propriétés corrosives des gaz et fumées de combustions du four, et élastiquement déformable, tel qu'une matière élastomère, une feuille de polyuréthane ou un caoutchouc de silicone, et/ou souple, tel qu'un tissu en NYLON® ou en PTFE.5. Shutter (13) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said air chamber (15) is made of a substantially airtight material and resistant to heat, temperatures and corrosive properties gases and combustion fumes of the furnace, and elastically deformable, such as an elastomeric material, a polyurethane sheet or a silicone rubber, and / or flexible, such as a fabric NYLON® or PTFE.
6. Obturateur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en qu'il est équipé d'un dispositif (36, 37) d'escamotage de la chambre à air (15) à l'état dégonflé dans l'âme (14).6. Shutter according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it is equipped with a device (36, 37) for retraction of the air chamber (15) in the deflated state in the soul. (14).
7. Obturateur selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'escamotage comprend au moins un organe de rappel élastiquement déformable (36, 37), tel qu'au moins un cordon élastique (36) interne à la chambre à air (15), ou au moins une lanière élastique (37) externe à la chambre à air (15), qui est mis(e) en expansion par le gonflage de la chambre à air (15) et qui se rétracte élastiquement vers son état de relaxation, au dégonflage de la chambre à air (15), en escamotant ladite chambre à air (15) dans l'âme (14).7. Shutter according to claim 6, characterized in that the retraction device comprises at least one resiliently deformable return member (36, 37), such that at least one elastic cord (36) internal to the air chamber ( 15), or at least one elastic strap (37) external to the air chamber (15), which is expanded by inflating the air chamber (15) and resiliently retracts to its relaxation, deflating the air chamber (15), by retracting said air chamber (15) in the core (14).
8. Obturateur selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en que le dispositif d'escamotage comprend un mécanisme de repli par pantographe (39), disposé dans la chambre à air (15) de sorte que le gonflage de cette dernière provoque l'écartement de deux flasques (38a, 38b) reliés l'un à l'autre par au moins un pantographe (39), et l'ouverture du ou des pantographes (39) en comprimant au moins un ressort de rappel (42), dont la détente au dégonflage de la chambre à air (15) entraîne la fermeture du ou des pantographes (39) et le repli de la chambre à air (15) dans son logement (19) dans l'âme (14).8. Shutter according to claim 6, characterized in that the retraction device comprises a pantograph folding mechanism (39) disposed in the air chamber (15) so that the inflation of the latter causes the separation of two flanges (38a, 38b) connected to each other by at least one pantograph (39), and opening of the pantograph (s) (39) by compressing at least one return spring (42), the detent of which deflation of the air chamber (15) causes the closing of the pantograph (s) (39) and the folding of the air chamber (15) in its housing (19) in the core (14).
9. Obturateur (13) selon l'une quelconque des revendications là 8 caractérisé en qu'il est muni d'une tige (21) de manutention solidaire de l'âme (14), par une partie d'extrémité inférieure de tige (21a), de préférence faiblement coudée par rapport à une partie d'extrémité supérieure de tige (21b), laquelle est équipée d'une canne9. Shutter (13) according to any one of claims 1 to 8 characterized in that it is provided with a rod (21) handling integral with the core (14), by a lower end portion of rod ( 21a), preferably slightly bent with respect to a stem upper end portion (21b), which is equipped with a cane
(22) de guidage et de calage afin de faciliter le positionnement de l'obturateur (13) dans la cloison creuse (7) et le calage de l'obturateur (13) sur ledit four.(22) for guiding and storing in order to facilitate the positioning of the shutter (13) in the hollow partition (7) and the setting of the shutter (13) on said furnace.
10. Obturateur selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en que la tige (21) de manutention est au moins partiellement tubulaire et équipée, à une extrémité de la partie tubulaire, d'un raccord rapide (23) de connexion à un système (25) de gonflage/dégonflage avec une alimentation (24) en air comprimé, l'autre extrémité de la partie tubulaire de la tige (21) étant raccordée à l'intérieur de la chambre à air (15).10. Shutter according to claim 9, characterized in that the rod (21) of handling is at least partially tubular and equipped, at one end of the tubular portion, a quick connector (23) for connection to a system (25). inflating / deflating with a compressed air supply (24), the other end the tubular portion of the rod (21) being connected to the interior of the air chamber (15).
11. Obturateur selon l'une des revendications 9 et 10, caractérisé en qu'il est équipé d'un dispositif de contrôle visuel de la pression de gonflage de la chambre à air (15), par exemple un manomètre (32) monté sur la tige (21).11. Shutter according to one of claims 9 and 10, characterized in that it is equipped with a visual control device of the inflation pressure of the air chamber (15), for example a pressure gauge (32) mounted on the rod (21).
12. Obturateur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que l'âme rigide (14) est agencée de sorte à permettre le calage de l'obturateur (13) contre la base (8a) de la lucarne (8) correspondante, et/ou entre ladite base (8a) de la lucarne (8) et une entretoise interne (10) à la cloison (7) correspondante. 12. Shutter according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the rigid core (14) is arranged to allow the wedging of the shutter (13) against the base (8a) of the dormer ( 8), and / or between said base (8a) of the dormer (8) and an inner spacer (10) to the corresponding partition (7).
13. Système d'obturation pour au moins une lucarne (8) de cloison creuse (7) d'un four à chambres (3) dit « à feu tournant », caractérisé en qu'il comprend au moins un obturateur (13) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12, et un système (25) de gonflage/dégonflage de chambre à air (15), comportant un raccord (23), de préférence rapide et auto-obturant, de connexion à une alimentation (24) en air comprimé, et relié à un régulateur de pression (27), lui-même relié à une vanne (28) de sélection de gonflage/dégonflage, reliée d'une part à la chambre à air (15) dudit au moins un obturateur (13), pour son gonflage, par l'intermédiaire d'une soupape de sécurité (30) et d'une commande manuelle (31) individuelle de gonflage ou dégonflage de ladite chambre à air (15), et, d'autre part, à un venturi de décharge (33), connecté à ladite chambre à air (15) par ladite commande individuelle (31) et un clapet (34) piloté par ladite vanne de sélection (28), pour commander sélectivement l'isolement du venturi (33) lorsque la chambre à air (15) est gonflée, et l'alimentation du venturi (33) en air comprimé pour permettre le dégonflage de ladite chambre à air (15) par aspiration. 13. Shutter system for at least one dormer (8) of hollow partition (7) of a chamber furnace (3) said "rotating fire", characterized in that it comprises at least one shutter (13) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, and an air chamber inflating / deflating system (25) having a (24) preferably quick and self-closing connection (24) to a power supply (24). ) compressed air, and connected to a pressure regulator (27), itself connected to a valve (28) for selection of inflation / deflation, connected on the one hand to the air chamber (15) of said at least one shutter (13), for its inflation, via a safety valve (30) and an individual manual control (31) inflation or deflation of said air chamber (15), and, other on the other hand, at a discharge venturi (33) connected to said air chamber (15) by said individual control (31) and a valve (34) controlled by said selection valve (28). ), for selectively controlling the isolation of the venturi (33) when the air chamber (15) is inflated, and supplying the venturi (33) with compressed air to allow deflation of said air chamber (15) by suction .
14. Système d'obturation selon la revendication 13, pour obturer les lucarnes (8) des cloisons creuses (7) d'une même chambre (3) dudit four, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un obturateur (13a à 13n) respectivement pour chacune des cloisons creuses (7a à 7n) de ladite chambre (3), les obturateurs (13a à 13n) étant connectés en parallèle à la vanne de sélection (28) de gonflage/dégonflage et au venturi de décharge (33) d'un système (25) de gonflage/dégonflage commun aux chambres à air (15) des obturateurs (13a à 13n). 14. Shutter system according to claim 13, for closing the dormers (8) of the hollow partitions (7) of the same chamber (3) of said furnace, characterized in that it comprises a shutter (13 a to 13 n ) respectively for each of the hollow walls (7 a to 7 n) of said chamber (3), shutters (13 a to 13 n) being connected in parallel to the selector valve (28) for inflation / deflation and venturi discharge (33) of a system (25) for inflation / deflation to common air chambers (15) of the shutters (13 a to 13 n).
15. Système d'obturation selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en que les obturateurs (13a à 13n) sont rassemblés sur une passerelle d'obturation (35) commune, s'étendant au-dessus de ladite chambre (3) du four, et équipée d'un bras de support respectif pour supporter chaque obturateur (13a à 13n) en position sortie de la cloison creuse (7a à 7n) correspondante, et d'un raccord (23) à un réseau (24) de distribution d'air comprimé et/ou d'au moins un compresseur d'air pour l'alimentation du système (25) de gonflage/dégonflage. 15. The sealing assembly according to claim 14, characterized in that the shutters (13 a to 13 n) are combined on a sealing bridge (35) joint, extending above said chamber (3) of the furnace and equipped with a respective support arm for supporting each shutter (13 a to 13 n) in the extended position of the hollow partition (7 a to 7 n) corresponding, and a connector (23) to a network (24 ) for distributing compressed air and / or at least one air compressor for supplying the inflation / deflation system (25).
EP09710608.2A 2008-02-13 2009-02-05 Shutter having a swellable peripheral seal, and shutting system comprising it for a multiple-chamber furnace port Active EP2240735B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR0850921A FR2927410B1 (en) 2008-02-13 2008-02-13 SHUTTER WITH INFLATABLE PERIPHERAL SEAL AND SHUTTER SYSTEM COMPRISING THE SAME FOR ROOM OVEN LUCARNE
PCT/FR2009/050177 WO2009101330A1 (en) 2008-02-13 2009-02-05 Shutter having a swellable peripheral seal, and shutting system comprising it for a multiple-chamber furnace port

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EP2240735B1 EP2240735B1 (en) 2014-06-25

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US9534510B2 (en) * 2011-03-07 2017-01-03 Dynamis Energy, Llc System and method for thermal chemical conversion of waste
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ZA201005607B (en) 2011-10-26
FR2927410B1 (en) 2010-04-09
CA2713905A1 (en) 2009-08-20
RU2010137860A (en) 2012-03-20
CN101983309A (en) 2011-03-02
RU2480695C2 (en) 2013-04-27
EP2240735B1 (en) 2014-06-25
FR2927410A1 (en) 2009-08-14
WO2009101330A1 (en) 2009-08-20
CN101983309B (en) 2013-01-09
CA2713905C (en) 2016-07-26
US20100313881A1 (en) 2010-12-16
AU2009213961A1 (en) 2009-08-20
US8826900B2 (en) 2014-09-09
AU2009213961B2 (en) 2013-03-28

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