Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
  • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
  • B60L3/0007—Measures or means for preventing or attenuating collisions
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
  • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
  • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
  • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
  • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
  • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a device for the controlled transfer of electrical devices operating according to galvanic principles from a first operating state to at least a second operating state, in which the functionality and in particular the reaction potential of the galvanic-based electrical device is reduced or completely eliminated.
• a malfunction state is to be understood as meaning states which markedly impair or render impossible any further controlled or controllable and, in particular, safe operation of the accumulator.
• Such malfunction states can be generated or triggered by a malfunction within the accumulator or by a malfunction in the environment of this accumulator.
• a malfunctioning state to be treated separately is the dangerous state which occurs due to an accident of the supplied motor vehicle or due to other, at least partially destructive, events.
• a dangerous state a controllable and safe operation of the accumulator is also no longer possible.
• a possible uncontrolled discharge of the stored energy poses a particular hazard to the occupants of the motor vehicle or other persons in the surroundings of the motor vehicle, for example for rescue personnel.
• the controlled transfer to this second operating state is desirable.
• Another known from the patent application US 2006/0019150 A1 safety device provides to provide the housing of a cell or a cell stack with predetermined breaking points, which give in at a predetermined internal pressure and regularly evolved steam offer a deduction option. Furthermore, the predetermined breaking points are designed in such a way that, when they break apart, they interrupt the electrical conduction between the identically polarized electrodes of a cell and the corresponding current conductor of the assembly.
• a disadvantage of this embodiment is that, for example, a cell stack with only one failed cell loses all of its functionality, i. the stored energy in the intact cells can no longer be used.
• lithium-ion batteries Since the safety requirements for lithium-ion batteries, especially in the automotive industry are very high and such a battery should be simultaneously economical, it would be desirable if the lithium battery or at least a number of cells contained therein in particular in hybrid, electric or stationary operation in the malfunction state and / or failure the complete reaction potential, ie the stored electrical energy or the stored potential and thus would have lost its functionality.
• the present invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a safety device of the type mentioned above, which converts operating according to galvanic principles electrical equipment in malfunction mode of any kind and / or failure, controlled in a non-hazardous operating condition. Furthermore, a method is to be specified, which allows the detection of a malfunctioning state and ensures a controlled transfer of working according to galvanic principles electrical device.
• the term "electrical device operating according to galvanic principles” includes, in particular, cells and cell stacks for batteries or primary batteries, and in particular rechargeable batteries or secondary batteries or accumulators. These cells and / or cell stacks preferably have a cylindrical or a rectangular format. Such a cell or such a cell stack is usually accommodated in a gas-tight packaging, which preferably serves to prevent the penetration of moisture into the component group.
• At least one displacement device is provided, which displaces an active device from a first position into at least one second position.
• the active device manipulates the components of the electrical device operating according to galvanic principles in such a way that their galvanic functionality is reduced or completely eliminated.
• the separator of at least one cell is substantially irreversibly destroyed and / or the electrodes, i. the anode and the cathode of at least one cell are shorted.
• the displacement device is either integrated stationary or housed in a designated, preferably portable, housing. In both cases, the displacement device is positioned such that the active device can be displaced into a position advantageous for the desired manipulation of the cell and / or the cells.
• a transferable energy transferable from the transfer unit to the active device is determined by the interaction of the active device with the transfer device implemented according to galvanic principles operating electrical device in a drive-in.
• the displacement energy is preferably chosen so that the resulting drive-in force is sufficiently large to penetrate at least one cell of the electrical device operating according to galvanic principles.
• the size of the displacement energy to be transmitted to the active device is preferably chosen such that the active device selectively penetrates a predetermined number of cells of the electrical device operating according to galvanic principles. This adjustment offers the advantage that specifically the electrical potential of selected cells is substantially completely eliminated while the galvanic functionality of the remaining cells of the assembly essentially remains intact.
• the displacement device has at least one internal and / or an external container, such as a magazine, for storing at least one active device.
• a plurality of active devices preferably also of different lengths and / or preferably different embodiments, can be stored and, if required, can be removed manually, or preferably automatically.
• the relocation device is assigned a release device which, after appropriate signaling, in particular by a control device, starts the functionality of the relocating device.
• the release device is preferably signal-connected to the control device.
• At least one active device is provided which manipulates the electrical device operating according to galvanic principles or at least one cell arranged therein such that its electrical potential and thus its galvanic functionality is reduced or completely eliminated.
• the active device is essentially a three-dimensional body, which is electrically conductive in at least two dimensions, at least in sections. Depending on the configuration, individual volume elements of the active device can thus consist of non-conductive materials, such as ceramics.
• the shape of the active device is rotationally and / or axially symmetrical.
• the shape of the active device is ellipsoidal, conical, cylindrical, pyramidal, cuboidal or designed as a combination of these forms.
• the shape of the active device is such that it extends from a two-dimensional first end face into the third dimension, thus has at least one lateral surface, and is closed off by a second end face.
• This first face is bounded by a polygon or other closed line.
• these faces are congruent, not rotated against each other and arranged in parallel.
• the active device extends perpendicularly from this first end face.
• the shape of the active device is not rotationally and / or axially symmetrical, but has a deviating shape, such as, for example, wave-shaped lateral and / or covering and / or lateral surfaces.
• the active device can either be filled inside or have at least one cavity.
• a hollow effecting device offers the particular advantage that this can result in the controlled transfer of the working according to galvanic principles electrical device in a non-hazardous operating condition regularly emerging smoke.
• the active device is sufficiently thermally stable to withstand short-circuit currents flowing therethrough which are substantially in the range of one to several hundred amperes.
• the mechanical stability of the active device is designed in such a way that energy can be transmitted from the displacement device to the active device, which is sufficient to penetrate at least one component and / or cell of the electrical device operating according to galvanic principles.
• the active device is mechanically loadable so that at least one component and / or a cell and the shell of a working according to galvanic principles electrical device can be penetrated by it.
• the active device is placed in a designated container, such as a magazine.
• the container is mounted inside and / or outside of the displacement device such that, if necessary, the active device can be removed manually or preferably automatically.
• the active device can also be designed as a component of the displacement device.
• the device according to the invention has at least one control device, preferably a program-controlled microprocessor, which processes the incoming sensor signals and / or signals of the safety electronics and controls the transmission of control signals to the release and / or the displacement device.
• a control device preferably a program-controlled microprocessor, which processes the incoming sensor signals and / or signals of the safety electronics and controls the transmission of control signals to the release and / or the displacement device.
• the control device is preferably signal-connected to the sensor devices and / or electronics for detecting a malfunctioning state and / or failure.
• this design of the control device has the advantage that it is not sensitive to interference signals, as would be the case for example in a wireless signal transmission.
• the control device communicates wirelessly with the release and / or the displacement device and / or the sensor devices and / or the safety electronics.
• the control device is then equipped with a corresponding transmitting device and / or a receiving device.
• the transmitting device has its own control device, preferably a program-controlled microprocessor, which controls the emission of the control signals.
• the transmitting device has a signaling device which generates an identification signal characteristic of the respective transmitting device. This signal is sent at least once before or after the transmission of the control signal.
• a memory is associated with the receiving device, in which an identification comparison signal is stored, which is assigned to the identification signal of an individual transmitting device of the sensor devices and / or the security electronics.
• the Jdenitechnischssignal either corresponds exactly to the identification comparison signal or is assigned to the identification comparison signal via a, preferably mathematical, relationship.
• a comparison device is provided in the receiving device, which has the effect that further processing of a sensor device signal and / or a safety electronics signal only takes place when the identification signal emitted by the individual transmission device of a sensor device and / or safety electronics and received by the receiver device is identical to the identification comparison signal stored in the receiving device, or is associated therewith.
• FIG. 1 shows the components of a basic cell of operating on galvanic principles electrical device.
• FIG. 2 shows a highly schematic perspective view of a basic cell of electrical devices operating according to galvanic principles
• FIG. 3 is a highly schematic plan view of an electrical device operating according to galvanic principles
• FIG. Fig. 4 is a highly schematic side view of a galvanic
• Fig. 5 a is a highly schematic perspective view of a cylindrical
• Fig. 5 b is a highly schematic perspective view of a cuboid effecting device
• Fig. 5 c is a highly schematic perspective view of a cylindrical
• Telescopic device Fig. 6 a-b is a highly schematic, essentially mechanically based
• Displacement device Fig. 7 a-b is a highly schematic, essentially chemically based
• Displacement device Fig. 8 is a schematic block diagram of the control device
• Fig. 1 shows the essential components of a basic cell 10 of operating on galvanic principles electrical device, such as a lithium-ion battery. Between the positively charged electrode (anode) 13 and the negatively charged electrode (cathode) 14, a separator 15 is attached. The anode 13 is equipped with a current collector 11, and the cathode 14 is equipped with a current collector 12. 2 shows a highly schematic perspective view of a basic cell 10 of electrical devices operating according to galvanic principles.
• the basic cell 10 is essentially composed of an anode 13, a cathode 14 and a separator 15. These components are housed in a substantially gas-tight packaging 18.
• the current collector 11 of the anode 13 and the current collector 12 of the cathode 14 protrude from the package.
• FIG. 5 b shows a highly schematic perspective view of a parallelepipedic acting device 30 with a rectangular cover surface 34 and a rectangular base surface 36, which are connected by rectangular side surfaces 35, 39.
• the height h, the width b and the depth t of the device 30 are selected application-specific. In particular, the width b and / or the depth t are not constant over the entire height, but can be varied.
• FIG. 5 c shows a highly schematic perspective view of a cylindrical telescope-action device 30, which is composed of three cylindrical components 37, 38 and 40.
• the components are displaceable against each other along a longitudinal axis 41.
• the maximum total length Ig of the active device 30 results from the addition of the component length h of the component 37, the component length I2 of the component 38 and the component length h of the component 40.
• the thicknesses d1, d2 and d3 of the components 37, 38 and 40 must be essentially the same satisfy mathematical condition di ⁇ d2 ⁇ d3.
• the component lengths h, I2 and I3 and the component thicknesses di, d2 and d3 of the components 37, 38 and 40 are chosen application-specific
• the enable device 64 Upon receipt of a corresponding enable signal, the enable device 64 releases the slide, whereby the energy stored in the spring elements 61 is transferred to the active unit 30 in the form of a displacement energy. After the release, the displacement device 60 is in a second operating state, which is shown very schematically in FIG. 6 b. The slide 63 is no longer held therein by the release device 64 and the spring elements 61 are substantially no longer tensioned.
• FIG. 7 a shows a second, highly schematic embodiment of a displacement device 70, which is equipped with an active unit 30 and is in a first operational state.
• the displacement device 30 consists of a housing 71 that has a clearly delimited opening on one side 72. The opening is designed such that the active unit 30 can be passed through it.
• the storage of the necessary displacement energy is chemically, for example by a propellant charge 73.
• This propellant 73 is located within a, through the movable slide 75 and the housing 71 substantially tightly closed, first volume of the displacement device 70.
• the slide 75 is thereby in a first position.
• the enabling device 74 for example an electronic detonator, starts the function of the displacing device 70.
• the displacement device 70 is preferably in a second operating state, which is shown very schematically in FIG. 7 b.
• the slide 75 is in a second position therein and the propellant 75 is substantially consumed.
• the control device 80 of the device according to the invention is, as will become apparent from the following description with reference to FIG. 8, with at least one sensor device 87 and / or at least one safety electronics 88 and the release device 86 of the displacement device via electrical lines, which here and hereafter only always shown schematically connected.
• the sensor device used is preferably a piezoelectric sensor. In such a sensor, a piezoceramic sensor plate converts dynamic pressure fluctuations into electrical signals, which can be further processed accordingly.
• the signal of the sensor device which is analogous in the exemplary embodiment is converted into a digital signal in a signal conditioning circuit 81 by means of an A / D converter.
• the digitally processed signal is fed to a microprocessor computing unit 83, which is connected to a memory 82.
• a memory 82 which can be divided into individual, even different, memory areas, either in a read-only memory or in a memory whose contents are stored by the battery voltage long term, stored a program that controls the microprocessor.
• the Microprocessor the input signals of at least one sensor device and / or the security electronics are evaluated.
• the microprocessor 83 If a malfunction state and / or a failure is detected, the microprocessor 83 generates a corresponding transmission signal for the release device, which is a transmission output stage 84 is supplied. From the transmission output stage, the signal is transmitted to the release device 86 of the displacement device.
• a battery preferably a lithium-ion battery is provided.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Electrochemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Transportation (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Secondary Cells (AREA)
• Fuel Cell (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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• 2008
  • 2008-01-25 DE DE102008006026A patent/DE102008006026A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2009
  • 2009-01-20 CN CN2009801022359A patent/CN101911338A/zh active Pending
  • 2009-01-20 BR BRPI0906422-2A patent/BRPI0906422A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2009-01-20 EP EP09703530A patent/EP2235765A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2009-01-20 US US12/812,863 patent/US20110052946A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2009-01-20 KR KR1020107018717A patent/KR20120006920A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2009-01-20 WO PCT/EP2009/000328 patent/WO2009092563A1/de active Application Filing

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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