EP2235587A1

EP2235587A1 - Use of a fixation target and device

Info

Publication number: EP2235587A1
Application number: EP08869518A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Stephan Trumm; Rainer Sessner; Andrea Peters; Leonhard Schmid; Dietmar Uttenweiler; Jochen Brosig
Original assignee: Rodenstock GmbH
Current assignee: Rodenstock GmbH
Priority date: 2008-01-10
Filing date: 2008-11-18
Publication date: 2010-10-06
Also published as: US20110007269A1; WO2009086860A1; DE102008003906B4; DE102008003906A1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a use of at least one fixation target (202, 204) as a setup aid for a view direction of a test subject (30), wherein a planar light field (206, 208), particularly a substantially rectangular light field (206, 208) is generated by means of the fixation target (202, 204), and the test subject (30) faces the light field (206, 208), and a device.

Description

"Use of a fixation target and device"

description

The present invention relates to a use of at least one fixation target and a device.

State of the art

The introduction of individually optimized spectacle lenses makes it possible to respond to the needs of people with visual defects and to provide, for example, spectacle lenses with individually optimized viewing areas. Individually adapted spectacle lenses allow optimal correction of optical vision defects of a user of the lenses. An individual calculation and adjustment of eyeglass lenses is also possible for sports eyewear, which are characterized by large deflections, frame and pre-tilt angle.

In order to fully exploit the optical advantages of individual spectacle lenses, in particular individually adapted progressive lenses, it is necessary to calculate and manufacture these spectacles with knowledge of the position of use of the user and to wear in accordance with the position of use used for the calculation and production. The position of use is of one

Variety of parameters, for example, from the pupil distance of the user, the frame disc angle, the Vorglasglasvorneigung, the

Spectacle frame, the corneal vertex distance of the system of glasses and eye and the grinding height of the lenses. These and other parameters, which for

Description of the position of use can be used, or are necessary, are in relevant standards, such as DIN EN ISO 1366, DIN 58 208, DIN EN ISO 8624 and DIN 5340 included and can be removed. Furthermore, it is necessary that the spectacle lenses accordingly the optical parameters, which were used for the production, are arranged or centered in a spectacle frame, so that the spectacle lenses are actually carried in the position of use according to the optical parameters.

To determine the individual optical parameters, the optician has a variety of measuring instruments available. For example, the optician can evaluate pupillary reflexes with a so-called pupillometer or determine the distance of the pupil centers, in order to determine the pupil distance in this way, for example by imaging an LED to infinity.

Pretank angle and corneal vertex distance can be determined, for example, with a measuring device, in which the habitual head and body posture of the customer, the meter is held on a socket level of a spectacle frame. The pre-tilt angle can be read off the side of a gravity-driven pointer using a scale. To determine the corneal vertex distance, an engraved ruler is used, with which the distance between the estimated groove bottom of the spectacle frame and the cornea is also measured from the side.

The frame angle of the spectacle frame can be determined, for example, with a meter on which the glasses are placed. The nasal edge of a disc must be arranged above a pivot point of a movable measuring arm, wherein the other disc is parallel to an engraved line. The measuring arm is adjusted so that a marked axis of the measuring arm is parallel to the frame level of the disc arranged above it. The socket angle can then be read on a scale.

Furthermore, there is the possibility to determine the gaze of the subject by the fact that the subject fixes his nose root in a mirror image. It is also possible to use a speckle pattern or spot.

In all the above-mentioned possibilities, it is an aim to orient the gaze of the person whose parameters are to be measured (referred to below as subject) so that the actual orientation of the pupils is to be measured Viewing behavior corresponds.

It is an object of the invention to enable a subject to be measured substantially in accordance with his natural gaze behavior. This object is achieved by the use according to claim 1 and the device according to claim 14. Preferred embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

definitions

Before the following detailed description of the invention, terms will be defined that will assist in understanding the invention.

An "auxiliary structure" can be an artificial structure arranged, for example, on a head, in particular on a face. The auxiliary structure can also cover the entire face, part of the face, part of the head, the shape of the face

Head, the position of characteristic components of the head or face, e.g. the ears, the nose, pigments, a birthmark, freckles, one or both eyebrows, etc. The auxiliary structure may also include one or more stickers which are glued to the head or to the face.

An eye "corresponding to a spectacle lens" is the eye of a user of the spectacle lens, i. the eye of the spectacle wearer, in front of which the spectacle lens is placed. In other words, the eye corresponding to the spectacle lens is the eye of the spectacle wearer, with whom he looks through the spectacle lens. The right lens corresponds to the right eye and the left lens corresponds to the left eye of the wearer. Glasses of a spectacle wearer thus correspond to both eyes.

Eyeglass lenses are for example single-vision lenses,

Multifocal lenses, for example, progressive lenses, with or without tinting, mirroring and / or polarizing filters. The term "determine" includes, for example, "calculate", "read from a table", "extract from a database", etc.

In particular, the position of a spectacle lens relative to a pupil center includes all the information necessary to indicate the location of the spectacle lens relative to the pupil center, e.g. Cavitation of the spectacle lens,

Position of a slice plane relative to the pupil center and in particular also relative to the zero direction, position of particularly relevant optical

Areas such as e.g. Near reference point or range, far reference point or range, etc., position of center point, astigmatism axis, etc.

"Characteristic points" of a spectacle lens are, for example, points which make the alignment or the arrangement of the spectacle lens unambiguously determinable. For example, characteristic points may be engraving points of the spectacle lens or reference points of the spectacle lens. In particular, two-dimensional, flat structures, such as circles, crosses, etc., can be characteristic points.

"Engraving points" are in particular those points which allow a determination of the optical properties in a unique manner. For example, the relative position of the near reference point, femur reference point, navel line, etc. with respect to a Zentrierpuπktes is known as a preferred engraving point. A spectacle lens may have one or more characteristic points, and consequently one or more characteristic points may be represented by the means of representation (s). Furthermore, engraved dots are formed so as to be transparent to the naked eye, i. without further optical aids, are essentially not visible.

For example, engraving points may be two or more product-specific micro-engravings, such as circle (s), diamond (s), etc., which are arranged in particular at a standardized distance from each other, for example at a distance of about 34 mm. These engraving points are called "main engravings". Furthermore, engraving points, in particular micro engravings, can define a glass horizontal. The center between the two engraving points is at the same time the origin of coordinates (also referred to below as "zero point") for the further measuring points. and reference points if stamped glass-specific markings of the spectacle lens are missing.

Immediately below the "main engravings", the engraving of the addition and nasally an index for base curve and refractive index of the glass can be located temporally.

Further, another engraving point may be a trademark, for example in the form of a letter, etc., which may be located about 13 mm below the "main engraving" or the engraving of the addition and index of base curve and refractive index of the glass.

A "presentation means" may be a sticker, a dot, in particular a drawn point or circle or other two-dimensional object and / or a three-dimensional object. A presentation means may also comprise a plurality of stickers and / or comprise dots, in particular drawn dots or circles or other two-dimensional objects and / or three-dimensional objects. A presentation means differs in particular from an auxiliary structure in that the presentation means is associated with a spectacle lens, for example, in that the presentation means comprises a sticker which is glued onto the spectacle lens. The auxiliary structure is associated with the head or face of a user, for example, by the auxiliary structure comprising a sticker which is glued to the face.

In particular, a spectacle lens can have one or more characteristic points, which can be represented by one or more representation means. For example, one or more engraving points may be represented by one or more presentation means. The presentation means may be, for example, a sticker which is arranged such that the position of one or more engraving points relative to the sticker can be determined uniquely. For example, a sticker may cover two (or three) engraved dots, and at the location overlying the engraving dots, for example, the sticker may be colored, the color being different from the remaining color of the sticker. For example, the sticker may have a white base color or transparent, and at positions superimposed on the two (or three) engraving points, the sticker may have at least one black dot or circle or saddle point each, ie the sticker may have two (or three) black dots or circles have (or three) saddle points.

Furthermore, a display means may comprise one or more stamped markings, such as two stamped circular arcs of the form "()", in the middle of which, for example, the distance reference point B _{F of} a spectacle lens can be located. The circular arcs may be arranged such that the far reference point is about 8 mm above the zero point (see above). Two horizontal lines to the right and left of it are auxiliary markers for aligning the horizontal lights when checking the cylinder axis.

Furthermore, a stamped marking may comprise a remote centering cross, which is located about 4 mm above the zero point (see above). The remote centering is the fitting cross for the exact centering of the glass in front of the eye or the socket.

The "horizontal glases" (see above) may each comprise two horizontal broken lines temporal / nasal. Preferably, a specific product engraving in the form of one or more circles or diamonds is arranged between the lines.

In addition, a stamped marking may include a prism reference point Bp, which preferably coincides with the zero point (see above).

The stamped mark may also include a circle around the near reference point B _N. The near reference point, ie the center of the circle, may be offset by about 14 mm down and about 25 mm nasally from the origin. By way of example, this is a measuring auxiliary point in order, if necessary, to be able to check the proximity at the vertex-value measuring device (also referred to as "SBM"). The real lateral offset of the near-vision point may differ depending on the variable inset. Furthermore, the stamped markings may have further or additional markings, for example a schematic eye, in particular to mark the distance reference point, plus and minus signs, points to mark the near reference point, etc.

Two "image recording devices" are, for example, two digital cameras, which are positioned separately from one another. It is possible that an image pickup device preferably comprises a digital camera and at least one optical deflection element or mirror, image data of a partial region of a head being recorded or generated by the camera by means of the deflection mirror. Two image recording devices therefore include, for example, two, in particular, digital cameras and at least two deflecting elements or mirrors, wherein in each case a digital camera and at least one deflecting mirror represent an image recording device. Furthermore, two image recording devices can also consist of exactly one digital camera and two deflecting elements or mirrors, with image data being recorded or generated with a time offset by means of the digital camera. For example, image data is generated at a first point in time, wherein a partial area of a head is imaged by means of the one deflection mirror, and at a second time point generates image data which images the partial area of the head by means of the other deflection level. Furthermore, the camera can also be arranged in such a way that image data are generated by the camera at the first and the second time, wherein no deflection mirror is necessary or arranged between the camera and the head. The two image recording devices can generate image data under various recording directions.

In two different "recording directions", it is understood that different image data are generated from overlapping partial regions of the head, preferably from one and the same partial region of the head, in particular that image data or comparison image data of identical partial regions of the user's head are given different perspective views Views are generated. Consequently, although the same portion of the head is displayed, the image data and comparison image data, however, are different. Different recording directions can also be achieved, for example, by the fact that the Image data are generated by at least two image recording devices, wherein effective optical axes of the at least two image recording devices are not parallel.

- Dimensioning in box size is understood to mean the measuring system as described in relevant standards, for example in DIN EN ISO 8624 and / or DIN EN ISO 1366 DIN and / or DIN 58 208 and / or DIN 5340. Further, with regard to the case size and other conventional terms and parameters used, the book "The Optics of the Eye and the Visual Aids" by Dr. Ing. Roland Enders, 1995 Optical Publishing GmbH, Heidelberg, and the book "Optics and Technology of the Glasses" by Heinz Diepes and Ralf Blendowske, 2002 Publisher Optical Publications GmbH, Heidelberg, referenced. Likewise, reference is also made to the brochure "Inform expert consultation for the optics" PR series of ZVA for the optician, Issue 9, "Brillenzentrierung", ISBN 3-922269-23-0, 1998, in which the Kastenmaß particular in Figures 5 and 6 is shown by way of example. Furthermore, reference is also made to the book "Eyeglass Adaptation A Textbook and Guideline" by Wolfgang Schulz and Johannes Eber 1997, DOZ Verlag, published by the Zentralverband der Augenoptiker, Dusseldorf, ISBN 3-922269-21-4, in particular to points 1.3, 1.4. and 1.5 and the accompanying figures. The standards, the said booklet and the said books constitute an integral part of the disclosure of the present application for the definitions of terms.

The limitation on dimensioning in box size includes, for example

Sampling points for an eye or both eyes, which are farthest out or inside and / or up or down. These detection points are conventionally determined by tangents to the spectacle frame or the respective areas of the spectacle frame assigned to the respective eyes (compare DIN 58 208, Figure 3).

In particular, the box dimension is a rectangle in the pane plane circumscribing a spectacle lens. According to the above-mentioned standards, to determine the slice plane mathematically from a plane with the Normal vector of the cross product of center parallel / horizontal of the box. As an approximation, the slice plane normal can be determined from the cross product of the vector between the nasal point and the temporal point and the vector between the top and bottom points of the rim of the glass. Advantageously, the pretilt and the mounting disk angle best correspond to the view through situation here.

The "breakpoint" for the slice plane is approximated as follows: starting point is the center of the vector between the top and bottom points. It is then followed horizontally along the vector between the nasal point and the temporal point in the center of the slice (approximated by the x coordinate). The cross product of the vector between the centers of the slice planes of both sides and the mean of the two vectors of upper and lower frame points determines the normal of the frame plane. Breakpoint is one of the disk centers.

The box dimension is determined as a vertical projection of the disc edge on the disc plane. The frame angle can now be determined even for each side as the angle between the respective disc plane and the socket level.

In other words, the normal of the slice plane from the cross product of the vector between the nasal and the temporal intersection of a horizontal plane through the straight line of the zero direction with the respective edge of the glass to the frame and the vector between the upper and the lower intersection of a vertical plane through the Just zero sight direction with the respective edge of the glass to determine the version.

The "pupil distance" essentially corresponds to the distance of the pupil centers, in particular in the zero-viewing direction.

The "zero sight direction" is a straight line direction with parallel fixing lines. In other words, it is a viewing direction, which is defined by a position of the eye relative to the head of the user, wherein the Eyes look at an object that is at eye level and located at an infinitely distant point. Consequently, the zero-sighting direction is determined solely by the position of the eyes relative to the head of the user. When the user's head is in a normal upright posture, the zero direction of view is substantially the horizontal direction in the reference frame of the earth. The zero-sighting direction, however, may be tilted to the horizontal direction in the reference frame of the earth, for example, if the user tilts his head forward or sideways without further movement of the eyes. Analogously, a plane is spanned by the zero direction of both eyes, which is in the frame of reference of the earth substantially parallel to the horizontal plane. The plane spanned by the two null directions of the two eyes may also be inclined to the horizontal plane in the frame of reference of the earth, for example, if the user tilts the head forward or to the side.

Preferably, the user's horizontal plane corresponds to a first one

Plane and the vertical plane of the user of a second plane, which is perpendicular to the first plane. For example, the horizontal plane in the user's frame of reference may be parallel to a horizontal plane in the frame of reference of the earth and may pass only through the center of a pupil. This is the case in particular if the two eyes of the user are arranged, for example, at different heights (in the frame of reference of the earth).

The eye pivot point of an eye is the point of the eye which, when the eye is moving, with the head posture fixed, for example, one

Lightening or eye lifting by rotation of the eye remains essentially at rest. The eye pivot is thus essentially the center of rotation of the

Eye.

Effective optical axes of the image pickup devices are those regions of lines which emanate from the center of the respective apertures of the image pickup devices perpendicular to these apertures and intersect the imaged subarea of the user's head. In other words, the effective optical axes are, in particular, the optical ones Axes of the image recording devices, these optical axes are conventionally arranged perpendicular to a lens system of the image pickup devices and emanating from the center of the lens system. If there are no further optical elements in the beam path of the image recording devices, such as deflecting mirrors or prisms, the effective optical axis essentially corresponds to the optical axis of the image recording device. However, if further optical elements, for example one or more deflecting mirrors, are arranged in the beam path of the image recording device, the effective optical axis no longer corresponds to the optical axis of the image recording device, as emanates from the image recording device.

In other words, the effective optical axis is that region of an optionally multiply optically deflected optical axis of an image recording device which intersects the head of the user without changing the direction. The optical axis of Bildaufπahmeeinrichtung corresponds to a line of a center of an aperture of the image pickup means at a right angle to a ^'plane including the aperture of the image pickup device, runs out in the direction of the optical axis of the image pickup device through optical elements such as mirrors and / or prisms, is changeable. The effective optical axes of two image pickup devices can almost intersect.

The term "almost cut" means that the effective optical

Axes have a minimum distance of less than about 10 cm, preferably less than about 5 cm, more preferably less than about 1 cm. Cutting at least almost means therefore that the effective axes intersect or almost intersect.

A "pattern projection device" is, for example, a conventional projector such as a commercially available projector. The projected pattern data is, for example, a stripe pattern or a binary sine pattern. The pattern data is projected onto at least a portion of the user's head, and image data and / or comparison image data are generated therefrom by means of the image recording device. From the illuminated part of the Head of the user are generated at a triangulation angle of the image pickup device image data and / or comparison image data. The triangulation angle corresponds to the angle between an effective optical axis of the image pickup device and a projection angle of the pattern projection device. Height differences of the portion of the head correspond to lateral displacements of, for example, the stripes of the stripe pattern as preferred pattern data. Preferably, in the phase-measuring Triangualtion the so-called phase-shift method is used, wherein on part of the head periodic, in the intensity distribution approximately sinusoidal wave pattern is projected and the wave pattern moves stepwise in the projector. During the movement of the wave pattern, image data and / or comparison image data are preferably generated from the intensity distribution (and the partial area of the head) during a period at least three times. The intensity distribution can be deduced from the generated image data and / or comparison image data, and a phase angle of the pixels relative to one another can be determined, wherein points on the surface of the subregion of the head are assigned to a specific phase position in accordance with their distance from the image recording device. Furthermore, reference is made to the approval work entitled "Phase-Measuring Deflectometry (PMD) - A High-Precision Method for Measuring Surfaces" by Rainer Seßner, March 2000, which represents an integral part of the disclosure of this application for further definitions of terms.

A "cylindrical lens" is a lens that is substantially in the shape of a cylinder, i. whose curved surfaces are cylindrical surfaces. in the

Unlike a spherical lens, which focuses light onto a single point, the cylindrical lens focuses a beam of light along a single axis, which

"Focal axis" or "focal line". Mathematically, a cylindrical lens corresponding to a spherical lens can be described, but only in one plane.

The "optical axis" of a fixation target with a cylindrical lens is an axis that is parallel to a direction of electromagnetic rays that are parallel after passing through the cylindrical lens. The term "substantially parallel" describes electromagnetic radiation whose propagation direction is particularly parallel. That is, two electromagnetic beams are parallel if their propagation directions are identical. This is especially the case for electromagnetic radiation after

Passage through a cylindrical lens when a source of electromagnetic

Radiation in the focal plane substantially parallel to the focal line of the

Cylindrical lens, in particular in the focal line of a cylindrical lens is arranged. are

Sources of electromagnetic radiation disposed in the focal line, the radiation is also perpendicular to the lens plane.

Two electromagnetic beams may be substantially parallel even when their propagation directions are at an angle, which angle is less than about 10 °, more preferably less than about 5 °, more preferably less than about 2 °, most preferably less than about 1 °, more preferably less than about 0.1 °, more preferably less than about 0.25 °, even more preferably less than about 0.05 °. When two electromagnetic beams pass the focal line of a cylindrical lens and the two electromagnetic beams are perpendicular to the focal line, they are substantially parallel after passing through the cylindrical lens. If only one of the beams passes the focal line and the other beam does not pass the focal line or both beams do not pass the focal line and the two beams are perpendicular to the focal line, the two beams are substantially parallel after passing through the cylindrical lens when the respective distance from the focal line is less than a predetermined value. This can be achieved, for example, in that a light source is not arranged in the focal line, but the light source is objected to by the focal line. Preferably, the distance of the light source from the focal line (or the focal plane) is less than about 5%, preferably less than about 2%, preferably less than about 1%, preferably less than about 0.5%, preferably less than about 0, 1% of the focal length of the cylindrical lens. Advantageously, the device thus preferably allows a measurement accuracy of at least about ± 0.2 mm, preferably of at least about ± 0.05 mm, more preferably of at least about ± 0.01 mm, for the determination of the pupil distances. This corresponds to a Gullstrand eye (radius 12mm) one Angular deflection of the eye of less than ± 1 °. This deflection is caused by an equal deviation between the target direction of the optical axis of the target and its actual direction. Thus, for the above-mentioned distance of the light source from the focal line preferably a deviation of the angular deflection of the eye is made possible smaller than about 1 °.

The terms "electromagnetic radiation" and "light" are used synonymously.

The term "substantially" may describe a slight deviation from a target value, in particular a deviation within the manufacturing accuracy and / or within the necessary accuracy, so that an effect is maintained as it is present at the target value. The term "substantially" may therefore include a deviation of less than about 30%, less than about 20%, less than about 10%, less than about 5%, less than about 2%, preferably less than about 1% of a target value or set position, etc. include. The term "substantially" includes the term "identical," i. without deviation from a desired value, a desired position, etc.

The term "light field" describes electromagnetic radiation that is emitted by a flat object. The planar object may be part of a fixation target, for example. The planar object can be, for example, a curved surface of a cylindrical lens through which electromagnetic radiation emerges from the cylindrical lens. Although, in this case, the electromagnetic radiation exits through the curved surface, a subject observing the light field perceives the light field, for example, as being emitted from a flat, ie, non-curved, planar object. The light field can also be emitted from a surface of a diffuser, which is rectangular, for example. In other words, a "substantially rectangular light field" in its most general form describes a light field having a longitudinal extent and a width dimension, wherein the Läπgsausdehnung is greater than the width dimension. It is also possible that the light field is substantially square, ie the longitudinal extent is approximately equal to the width dimension. Thus, the substantially rectangular light field may be the electromagnetic radiation emitted from a substantially rectangular area, for example, an at least partially translucent backlit area. In particular, a substantially rectangular light field may be a light field whose projection onto a projection plane is essentially a rectangle, the projection plane being perpendicular to the electromagnetic rays which are parallel to one another, ie the projection plane is substantially perpendicular to the second plane (see below). , The term "substantially rectangular" also includes deviations from the rectangular shape, eg with rounded corners, substantially elliptical, in particular with a ratio of the long half-axis to the short half-axis of more than 1: 2. In order to avoid that the test person deviates from the habitual head and body posture in the case of an elliptical target in order to observe the longest possible target, the target is preferably rectangular.

A "line" is not limited to a line in the mathematical sense. Rather, the term line also includes a two-dimensional object having a finite length and a finite width. A line can thus be a rectangle with a small width compared to the length of the rectangle.

The term "homogeneous light", in particular along one direction, describes that, in particular along this direction, light with substantially the same light power or luminosity is emitted by the illumination device. At all points of the illumination device along this direction, from which light is emitted, the emitted light has a substantially equal intensity. If the emitted light in this direction is substantially homogeneous, the viewer can not differentiate individual light sources, but takes a luminous line or, due to the finite extent of the illumination device, was a luminous strip or luminous surface, the light or more uniform Intensity radiates. This applies to a large number of directions, in particular for a light emission surface.

The term "habitual head and body posture" represents the basis of an exact and compatible eyeglass lens centering. In particular, the "habitual Head and body posture "essentially the head and body posture of the subject as natural as possible." For example, the test person can assume the "habitual head and body posture" when looking at himself in the mirror, since looking in the mirror is an everyday and an everyday task For example, habitual head and body posture can be achieved as compared to a natural view into the distance when the subject fixes his nose root in the mirror image.

In particular, the habitual head and body posture corresponds to the natural posture of the subject, which is determined by his physical and mental condition, habit, everyday life, work and leisure.

A relaxed neck posture and a healthy, essentially ideal

The subject has head posture, especially when the head is positioned just above the shoulders (and in extension just above the arch of the foot). Thus, the habitual head and body posture is preferably in

Standing taken.

With a substantially ideal head posture, the head sits substantially just above the shoulders (and down the extension just above the arch of the foot). The ears are vertical and located above the middle of the shoulders. The neck is only slightly concave, ie curved inwards. In this position, the weight of the head over the spine of the whole skeleton, so worn by the bones. Since the neck muscles do not need to carry any weight, they are all soft and the head is freely movable on the spine. In all other head or neck postures, the neck muscles are chronically tense because they now have to hold the weight of the head against gravity. Depending on whether the head is pulled forwards or backwards or is tilted to the right or left, and whether the neck is more or less curved, different neck and body muscles are in continuous contraction, so different muscles are braced. This leads to different head and neck pain. At the same time, the mobility of the neck is limited because the muscles have to fix the head in a certain posture and therefore only to a limited extent for movement To be available.

When sitting, there are adapted to different chairs / stools / other seating and various curvatures of the spine depending on the seating position a variety of head and body postures. It is classically distinguished between a centering on the near reference points and a centering on the Ferπbezugspunkte. Preferably, it is adapted via the distance reference point or the centering cross, because the Horizontalzentrieruπg proximity is associated with much greater uncertainties. In addition, high vertex powers result in a no-negligible prismatic side effect. Therefore, the near-vision point marked on the measuring disc does not coincide with the true visual point in the spectacle lens, because in the finished spectacles different accommodation and convergence requirements are placed on the spectacle wearer than when looking through the measuring disc (see Diepes cited above). Therefore, it is preferable to center on the far reference point, or the fitting point for progressive power lenses over the viewing point in the zero-sighting direction, i. when looking into the distance, defined in habitual head and body posture.

Use according to one aspect

One aspect of the present invention relates to a use of at least one fixation target for aligning a viewing direction of the subject, in particular for aligning the pupils of the subject, wherein

by means of the fixation target, a flatly extended light field, in particular a substantially rectangular light field, is generated and

the subject looks at the field of light.

In particular, the fixation target can also be used for or in the determination of individual parameters of the subject.

The individual parameters of the subject include in particular: Pupillary distance; monocular pupillary distance;

Corneal vertex distance according to reference point requirement and / or after eye pivot point requirement; monocular center point distance; Zentrierpunktkoordinaten; Slice distance; Decentration of the centering point; - disc height and width;

Bull's-distance; Brillenglasvorneigung; Form angle; Fitting height.

Advantageously, the test person can be positioned in any predeterminable spatial direction or the gaze of the test person can be aligned in any predeterminable spatial direction. In particular advantageously, the gaze behavior can not be controlled by any person operating the device.

In other words, the test person can at least partially fix the light field. Thus it is possible, by means of the light field, to see the gaze of a subject, e.g. for measurement purposes, to be aligned so that the actual orientation of the pupils corresponds to a defined, predetermined viewing behavior. In particular advantageously, the viewing direction or the pupil position of the pupil (s) of the test person can be determined in habitual head and body posture. Advantageously, the use of the light field allows the subject to adjust his habitual head and body posture when adapting a progressive lens since, in contrast to the use of a punctiform fixation target, e.g. a light spot in his head posture is only slightly limited, namely by the extent of the light field.

Thus it is possible for the subject to view the entire field of light and thereby occupying the preferred, in particular natural head posture. When using a fixation point in the form of a point of light, this is not possible because a point of light restricts the viewing direction in all directions. Rather, in this case, the head posture is substantially predetermined by the fixation point in the form of a point of light, with a malpositioning of the fixation point in the form of a point of light inevitably causes a misalignment of the gaze behavior of the subject.

Similar to the use of a mirror image of the root of the nose as a fixation point, which also allows an orientation of the subject's gaze in habitual head and body posture, it can also be avoided according to the present invention that the gaze behavior of the subject is influenced by the measurer. Likewise, it is advantageously possible to reduce a misoperation of the measuring end, which may occur, in particular, when the surveyor determines the position of the fixation target. The device according to the invention allows a greater freedom compared to the mirror image of the root of the nose, in particular when adjusting the viewing direction of the test person relative to the device, preferably in the case of habitual head and body posture of the subject.

Further advantageously, the fixation target can still be sufficiently recognized even in the event of incorrect or poor eyesight of the subject, so that the subject can observe the light field of the fixation target. Optionally, the light field may appear wider than it is, but this is negligible as long as the subject can view the light field. This is often not possible when using a fixation point. Particularly advantageously, the light field is designed so that it is still sufficiently recognizable even if the subject does not wear corrective glasses. This can be achieved by a sufficient luminous intensity of the light field and / or color of the light of the light field.

Preferably, the subject can already be pre-positioned. For example, this can serve a mark on the ground, which serves to position the subject at a predetermined position relative to the device. The marker may, for example, a sticker attached to the floor and / or on the mark drawn on the floor, for example in the form of a strip and / or one or more crosses and / or of schematic feet, etc. The marker can also be projected onto the ground by means of the device. In particular, the marker is designed and arranged such that after positioning the subject at least one eye of the subject is already in the light field of at least one target, ie the subject can look at least one target with at least one eye. Consequently, the marking is tuned to the extent of the light field of the fixation target.

Preferred Ausführunqsvarianten the use

Preferably, the fixation target is designed such that

the electromagnetic radiation of the light field is substantially diffuse in a first predeterminable plane, and

the electromagnetic radiation of the light field is substantially parallel in a second predeterminable plane which is perpendicular to the first plane.

Further preferably, the fixation target is arranged and arranged such that the subject is positionable so that at least one pupil of the subject is substantially completely illuminated, i.e., that the pupil is substantially completely in the light field of the fixation target. This may also apply to the second pupil and optionally another fixation target.

In other words, the beam path can be parallel in one direction and diffuse in the direction perpendicular thereto. For the subject, this creates the impression of a luminous surface, for example in the form of a luminous strip, in particular a luminous line in the direction of the diffuse radiation. Although the extent of the light field can be greater than the perceived by the subject strip, due to the substantially parallel radiation arises in the subject but the visual impression of a strip which has substantially the width of the pupil of the subject. Preferably that is Light field much wider than the pupil of the subject, ie at least 2 times, 5 times, 10 times, 20 times as wide as the pupil of the subject. Thus, the subject can shift his position without changing his visual impression as long as he is in the light field of the fixation target and sees the light parallel in the second plane. In other words, the visible stripe "migrates" with the subject's displacement.

Due to the formation of the light field, the viewing direction of the subject when viewing the light field is determined by the direction of the light field, i. by the direction of the parallel rays. If, for example, the first plane is a vertical plane in the frame of reference of the earth and the second plane is a horizontal plane in the reference frame of the earth, the viewing direction of the subject in the horizontal direction is predetermined by the direction of the light of the light field. In the vertical direction, the viewing direction is limited by the vertical extent. Thus, the subject can take his natural view within the field of light.

In addition to the above, due to the parallel electromagnetic rays, the subject will look at "infinity" when looking at the light field of the fixation target. In other words, the subject perceives the light field as "infinite" due to the parallel electromagnetic rays of the light field. Thus, the subject assumes a natural head and body posture, which corresponds to a natural vision in the Feme, especially straight into the distance. Advantageously, the visual impression of the subject of the exact position of the eye before the fixation target, in particular in front of the light field is substantially independent, as long as the subject views the parallel electromagnetic radiation. For example, the test person can shift his position in a direction parallel to the second plane, for example in the horizontal direction, as long as he sees the parallel electromagnetic radiation of the light field. In the vertical direction, the subject is free in his head movement due to the diffuse electromagnetic radiation, ie the subject can, for example, move the head freely in the vertical direction, for example if the first plane is a vertical plane, and assume his natural head posture. Thus, the line of sight is due the direction of the parallel light is given only in one spatial direction, namely in the horizontal direction. If the field of light is wide, the subject may be able to turn or displace the head if necessary, whereby the visible strip "migrates" when the head is displaced horizontally. If the light field is narrow, the subject in his head posture in the horizontal direction is essentially limited to the narrow field of light. In the exemplary vertical direction, the subject can choose his viewing direction freely. This can be very advantageous especially in the adaptation of progressive lenses.

Advantageously, the subject is in contrast to the use of a punctiform fixation target, e.g. a light spot in his head posture only slightly limited, namely by the direction of the light field and by the extension of the light field in a direction in which the light field is preferably substantially homogeneous.

Preferably, the subject may be positioned by means of the marker described above such that the at least one eye is already in the light field of at least one target before the target is activated. Advantageously, this avoids that the subject changes his position (also the head posture) in order to bring his eyes into the area of the light field. The device is preferably designed to take into account, in particular to compensate for, a rotation of the head in the habitual viewing direction "straight".

In other words, a subject is instructed to view the light field, which may be in the form of a line, turns his

Viewing direction in the plane in which the light field is directed, i. in the second

Plane, in the direction of the light field, while the view in the orthogonal

Plane, i. in the first level, unaffected. Advantageously, this can for

Control the gaze behavior of the subject are used in particular for measurements of individual parameters.

The above statements apply to a plurality of first and a plurality of second levels. For example, if the light field is substantially along a first direction lying in the first plane and orthogonal to the second plane homogeneous, the above statements apply to infinitely many parallel second planes, namely to all parallel second planes intersecting the light field.

Preferably, the fixation target comprises a cylindrical lens and the first predeterminable plane is substantially parallel to a cylinder axis of the cylindrical lens and the second predeterminable plane is substantially perpendicular to the cylinder axis of the cylindrical lens.

The cylinder axis is a longitudinal axis of the lens. The cylinder axis is parallel to the focal line of the cylindrical lens.

Preferably, the cylinder axis is arranged in the frame of reference of the earth such that the cylinder axis is substantially parallel to a vertical plane.

In other words, the first plane is preferably substantially a vertical plane in the frame of reference of the earth. The second plane is preferably substantially a horizontal plane in the frame of reference of the earth.

Preferably, the light field is adapted to be perceived by the user as a stripe.

Advantageously, a back surface of the cylindrical lens can be substantially completely illuminated. The back surface in this case is the surface facing a light source. When the light source is in a focal line of the cylindrical lens, the radiation propagating in a plane perpendicular to the focal line emerges substantially parallel from a front surface of the cylindrical lens. The thus formed light field is in projection onto a projection plane which is perpendicular to the propagation direction of the substantially parallel electromagnetic radiation, a surface, in particular a rectangle, which corresponds to the projection of the cylindrical lens on this projection plane. However, the test person only perceives the light field as a stripe because, due to the parallel beam direction of the light field in the second plane, the visible light field (in the second plane) is limited by the extent of the subject's pupil. In the first plane the radiation is diffuse and therefore the visible light field (in Direction of the first plane) is limited by the extent of the cylindrical lens, in particular by the extent of the luminous surface and / or by the distance between the two elements. The projection plane is substantially parallel to the focal line and perpendicular to the propagation direction of the parallel radiation.

It is also possible that the rear surface of the cylindrical lens is not fully illuminated. Rather, the illuminated area of the back surface of the cylindrical lens can be vingnettiert by a diaphragm or the like. Advantageously, thus unfavorable effects, such as refraction, scattering, etc., which can occur at the edge of the cylindrical lens or a degraded to the edge of the lens imaging quality is substantially avoided.

Preferably, the fixation target comprises a lighting device and the lighting device generates electromagnetic radiation. Along a first

Direction of the illumination device is electromagnetic radiation to a

Variety of points emitted, in particular at an infinite number of points when the illumination device, for example, has a luminous surface.

Along the first direction, the intensity of the exiting electromagnetic radiation is substantially equal. The illumination device thus has a homogeneous light output or luminosity along the first direction, wherein the first direction is substantially perpendicular to the second plane.

Preferably, the illumination means comprises a luminous surface which produces a substantially homogeneous diffuse light field, i. Electromagnetic radiation emits substantially homogeneous intensity and the luminous surface is arranged substantially perpendicular to the first plane and substantially perpendicular to the second plane. Thus, the intensity value of the electromagnetic radiation is substantially identical for all points.

In other words, the illumination device comprises an extended light source or an extended light field, which is imaged on the basis of the cylindrical lens. For example, the cylindrical lens may have a flat surface as the rear side and only have a curved surface. The glowing surface of the Lighting device is preferably substantially parallel to this flat surface and irradiates this flat surface with electromagnetic radiation.

In other words, the described light field can be generated, for example, by inserting a narrow, rectangular, diffusely illuminating surface into the focal plane of a cylindrical lens in such a way that the orientation of the diffusely illuminating surface is substantially parallel to the cylinder axis. Particularly preferably, the focal line is arranged substantially in the center of the luminous surface.

The "focal plane" of the cylindrical lens is understood to be the plane containing the focal line and perpendicular to the optical axis of the lens.

The "focal line" of the cylindrical lens is understood to be the line on which all the focal points lie.

Preferably, when viewing the light field by the subject, the individual parameters of the subject are determined.

In particular, the test person can fix the light field at at least one point.

Preferably, the fixation target is positioned such that the direction of the electromagnetic rays that are substantially parallel to the second plane is substantially perpendicular to a subject's face plane. The plane of the face is the plane containing the two pupils and vertically arranged in the frame of reference of the earth.

Preferably, the light field along a first direction, which is substantially perpendicular to the second plane, a length of at least about 40 mm.

In other words, the light field is preferably along the vertical direction at least between about 30 mm and about 70 mm long, preferably between about 35 mm and about 60 mm, more preferably at least about 40 mm long. In particular, it has been recognized that the light field in the vertical direction a Length of about 40 mm should not fall below.

Preferably, two fixation targets are used, wherein the two fixation targets are arranged and designed such that each eye of the subject perceives exactly one fixation target. In this case, only the first eye can perceive a light field of a first fixation target and then the second eye perceive a light field of a second fixation target, wherein e.g. only the first fixation target is operated, and, after switching off the first fixation target, the second fixation target is operated. In other words, the two eyes can separately perceive or consider each other a fixation target. It is also possible that only one of the two fixation targets is operated.

It is also possible that both eyes can simultaneously perceive a fixation target, wherein the first eye is the light field of the first

Perceives fixation targets and at the same time the second eye perceives the light field of the second fixation target. The two light fields can be designed such that the test person perceives the two light fields separately. To the

For example, the light field of the first fixation target may have a different color than the light field of the second fixation target. The light field of the first

Fixation targets may be red, the light field of the second fixation target may be green or vice versa.

It is also possible that the subject perceives the two light fields as a light field. The subject can then fuse the visual impressions of the two eyes.

It is also possible that a fixation target with two light fields is used.

Preferably, the fixation targets are arranged and designed such that the subject can fuse the respective images. In other words, the subject experiences the visual impression of a common image of the two fixation targets.

Preferably, the illumination of the fixation targets is in each case controllable such that the subject only sees one fixation target each. In other words, two fixation targets can be mounted so that each subject's eye perceives exactly one target. The subject may perceive the left fixation target or right fixation target.

Here, the two fixation targets may be designed, i. in color and / or brightness and / or direction of the light field, in particular the line and / or parallelism of the optical axes of the fixation targets, etc. be designed such that both eyes of the subject get the same visual impression and the subject can merge the image.

Additionally or alternatively, this arrangement can be carried out switchable, so that in particular only one eye sees a light field, in particular after specification of the measuring ends, without the subject having to change his position or viewing direction. Among other things, this arrangement is particularly suitable for subjects with strabismus.

Method according to one aspect

One aspect of the present invention relates to a method for aligning a viewing direction of a subject, in particular for determining the individual parameters of the subject with the steps:

Providing at least one light field in the form of at least one aforementioned fixation target and

Aligning a line of vision of the subject based on the light field in that the Probaπd considered the light field.

Preferably, the method includes the step of determining the individual parameters of the subject.

Device according to one aspect

One aspect of the present invention relates to a device for aligning the Viewing direction of a subject, in particular for determining individual parameters of a spectacle wearer, with

at least one fixation target, wherein

by means of the fixation target, a flatly extended light field, in particular a substantially rectangular light field can be generated, so that

in the position of use of the device, the light field is at least partially visible by a subject.

Preferred embodiments of the device

Preferably, the fixation target is designed such that

The device preferably has two fixation targets and at least one image recording device, wherein the image recording device is preferably arranged between the two fixation targets. It is also possible that the apparatus comprises two image pickup devices which are arranged and used to produce a stereo image of at least a portion of the subject's head, wherein the two image pickup devices are preferably arranged such that a cyclopean eye of the two image pickup devices between the fixation targets is arranged. The "cyclopean eye" describes the point or location from which an object appears to be viewed in a stereo image, wherein the stereo image is generated by means of the image data of two cameras. Preferably, the fixation target comprises a cylindrical lens, the cylinder axis being substantially parallel to the first plane and being substantially perpendicular to the second plane.

Preferably, the device comprises a lighting device, wherein the illumination device comprises a substantially rectangular light emitting surface.

Preferably, the illumination device comprises at least two light sources, in particular at least two LEDs. The illumination device may also include 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 15, 20, 25, etc. LEDs.

The at least two LEDs may be conventional LEDs. In particular, the at least two LEDs can be so-called homogeneous LEDs. A homogeneous LED is an LED, which preferably generates a light field that gives a flat visual impression. In contrast, a conventional LED (which is not a homogeneous LED) produces a field of light that can be seen by a viewer, e.g. the subject, a substantially point-like visual impression mediates. Preferably, the at least two homogeneous LEDs are arranged to produce a substantially common light field, i. the light field of the first homogeneous LED and of the second homogeneous LED (and optionally of the further homogeneous LEDs) merge into one another and in particular are free of a recognizable surface, a recognizable strip or a recognizable line between the individual light fields. The subject perceives only one light field. This applies mutatis mutandis to any fixation target.

Analogously, each fixation target may comprise at least two cylindrical lenses, the above statements regarding the at least two homogeneous LEDs applying mutatis mutandis.

Preferably, the illumination device comprises at least one diffuser, wherein the light sources illuminate the diffuser such that the diffuser radiates electromagnetic radiation with substantially spatially homogeneously distributed intensity. Preferably, the rectangular light emitting surface of the illumination device is at least partially disposed substantially in a focal plane of the cylindrical lens. In particular, the light emitting surface comprises the focal line of the cylindrical lens. The light emitting surface may be substantially parallel to the cylindrical lens.

In other words, preferably the luminous surface coincides with the focal line so that the light running parallel to the cylinder axis is orthogonal to the plane of the lens.

Furthermore, the fixation target, in particular the light field in the direction of the cylinder axis, is preferably long enough that the exact position of the fixation target or the light field in this direction has substantially no effect on its visual impression relative to the person to be measured.

Furthermore, the fixation target or the light field in the direction perpendicular to the cylinder axis in the lens plane is preferably wide enough that the visual impression of the person to be surveyed is substantially independent both of the exact position of the fixation target or of the light field and of its head position.

The lens plane is the plane that contains the optical center of the lens and is perpendicular to the optical axis of the lens.

Consequently, advantageously an undesired influence of the subject by external conditions and the adjustment of the device by the measuring end can be reduced, in particular avoided. Preferably, the fixation targets are arranged such that the center distance (in the position of use of the fixation targets substantially in the horizontal plane) of the two fixation targets essentially corresponds to the pupil distance of the subject. Particularly preferably, the fixation targets are arranged such that the center distance corresponds to a conventional pupil distance, ie the center distance is about 64 mm. The image recording device is preferably arranged between the two fixation targets and the two fixation targets are preferably designed such that they have the smallest possible distance from the image pickup device. In particular, the distance of each fixation target from the image pickup device is less than about 7 mm, preferably less than about 5 mm, preferably less than about 3 mm, preferably less than about 1 mm, preferably equal to about 0 mm.

The rectangular light-emitting surface can be, for example, a diffuser, in particular a back-lit diffuser.

Since the width of the rectangular area or diffuser, the angular spread in the direction of the parallel light, i. the direction of the electromagnetic radiation in the second plane, the width of the rectangular surface or the diffuser is preferably adaptable to the desired accuracy. The angular spread is further affected by the actual distance of the luminous surface from the focal plane. The tolerance for the position of this light source, in particular the luminous area in the direction of the optical axis of the cylindrical lens, i. In particular, the removal of the rectangular area or diffuser from an adjacent surface of the cylindrical lens is also commensurate with the desired angular accuracy of the light emerging from the fixation target, i. the light of the light field selectable.

Due to the distance of the thus arranged diffuse luminous surface from the focal line of the exit angle of the parallel path to the lens plane is specified. Accordingly, the necessary lateral positioning accuracy of the luminous surface in the focal plane to the desired angular accuracy can be adjusted.

The luminous surface can be realized for example by LEDs, other bulbs and / or a backlit diffuser plate. To limit the width of the luminous line, a slit-shaped aperture (also in the focal plane) with a defined width can be used.

In order to avoid influencing the viewing direction of the subject in the direction of the cylinder axis according to the invention, the light field is in the direction of Cylinder axis not only diffuse, but preferably also sufficiently homogeneous. The luminous area is correspondingly even.

The image recording device, in particular a center point of an aperture of the image recording device, is preferably between approximately 5 mm and approximately 40 mm, in particular approximately 17 mm, away from the at least one fixation target.

Preferably, the fixation target is arranged so that the cylinder axis in the reference system of the earth is arranged substantially vertically. Advantageously, therefore, the subject is substantially unaffected in his vertical gaze and eye alignment, i. the test person can assume his natural head and / or posture in the vertical direction, in particular with an eye to infinity.

Furthermore, the fixation target can be arranged so that the optical axis of the fixation target is orthogonal to the face plane of the subject so that he looks "straight ahead".

Thus, it can advantageously be achieved that the test person automatically assumes the so-called habitual head and / or posture, i. its orientation of the body and / or head and / or pupils corresponds to the orientation (eπ) which the test person casually assumes when he is looking straight into the infinite without being affected.

Preferably, the device comprises at least one display means for displaying at least one characteristic point of a spectacle lens, wherein

the at least one image recording device is designed and arranged to generate image data of the at least one imaging means and at least partial regions of a spectacle lens and a spectacle frame of the subject, and wherein

the apparatus further comprises a data processing device which is designed to determine a position of a spectacle lens relative to the spectacle frame on the basis of the image data. Preferably, the device comprises

at least two image recording devices which are designed and arranged to respectively generate image data of at least partial regions of the subject's head;

a data processing device with

A user data determination device which is designed to determine user data of at least a subarea of the head or at least a subarea of a system of the head and a spectacle of the subject arranged thereon in the position of use on the basis of the generated image data, the user data location information in three-dimensional space of predetermined points of the subarea of the head or subsection of the system include and

parameter determining means arranged to determine, based on the user data, at least a part of the subject's optical parameters; and

a data output device which is designed to output at least part of the particular optical parameters of the subject.

User data may in particular include data of the subject, e.g. Location information for at least one of the following:

Intersections of a horizontal plane in the reference frame of the user with the lens edges and / or the eyeglass frame edges of the eyeglasses, the horizontal plane of the user intersecting both pupils of the user and parallel to a predetermined zero line of sight of the user;

Intersections of a reference plane in the user vertical plane with the lens edges and / or the spectacle frame edges of the glasses, the vertical plane of the user is perpendicular to the horizontal plane of the user and parallel to the predetermined zero line of sight of the user and intersecting a pupil of the user;

at least one pupil center;

Limitations of at least one spectacle lens of the user, after a dimension in Kastenmaß;

- Spectacle center of the spectacle frame of the glasses.

The optical parameters are in particular the individual parameters of the subject.

Preferably, the device comprises

at least two image recording devices, which are each designed and arranged,

To create comparison image data of at least a portion of the head of the subject in the absence of glasses and / or in the absence of the at least one lens and at least a portion of an auxiliary structure and

Generate image data of a substantially identical subregion of the subject's head with spectacles arranged thereon and / or at least one spectacle lens arranged thereon and at least the subregion of the auxiliary structure;

a data processing device which is designed on the basis of the image data, based on the comparison image data and based on at least the

Part of the auxiliary structure, the position of the glasses and / or the at least one spectacle lens relative to the pupil center of the corresponding

Eye of the subject to determine in the null sight, and a Datenausgabeeinrichtuπg which is adapted to output the position of the spectacles and / or the at least one spectacle lens relative to the pupil center of the corresponding eye of the subject in the zero viewing direction.

Preferably, the fixation target may be disposed in the device such that the optical axis of the fixation target is preferably parallel to an optical axis or effective optical axis of one or more imaging devices.

There are two or more image pickup devices by which the three-dimensional data, i. Stereo images are created, the optical axis of the fixation target may be preferably aligned parallel to an optical axis of a cyclopean eye of these two or more image pickup devices.

Preferably, one of the image recording devices is arranged between two fixation targets.

The invention is not limited to the aspects or embodiments described above. On the contrary, individual features of the aspects and / or embodiments can be combined with one another in any desired manner and, in particular, new embodiments of the various aspects can be formed. In other words, the above statements on the individual features of the device mutatis mutandis apply to the use and / or the method vice versa.

Fiqurenbeschreibung

Preferred embodiments of the invention will be described by way of example with reference to accompanying figures. It shows

FIG. 1 shows a perspective schematic view of a device in the operating position; Figure 2 is a schematic sectional view in plan view of an arrangement of

Image recording devices according to Figure 1 in the operating position; Figure 3 is a schematic sectional view from the side of an arrangement of

Image recording devices according to Figure 1 in the operating position; Figure 4: a schematic sectional view in plan view of another

Embodiment in operating position;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of exemplary image data; FIG. 5a is a schematic view of exemplary image data; FIG. 5b: a schematic view of exemplary image data; FIG. 6 is another schematic view of exemplary image data; FIG. 6a: another schematic view of exemplary image data; FIG. 6b shows another schematic view of exemplary image data; FIG. 7: exemplary image data according to FIG. 5; FIG. 7 a: a schematic view of exemplary comparison image data; FIG. 7b shows exemplary image data according to FIG. 5b; FIG. 8: exemplary image data according to FIG. 6; FIG. 8a: exemplary image data according to FIG. 6b; FIG. 9: exemplary output data, as output according to an embodiment; FIG. 9a: exemplary output data;

FIG. 10: a front view of a section of a device; FIG. 11a: a plan view of a schematic representation of a fixation target; FIG. 11b: a plan view of a schematic representation of a fixation target; FIG. 11c shows a plan view of a schematic representation of a fixation target; FIG. 12 is a side sectional view of a schematic representation of a

Fixation target; FIG. 13 shows a schematic sectional view of an exemplary fixation target in a top view;

FIG. 14 shows a schematic perspective view of two fixation targets; FIG. 15 is a schematic front view of a section of a device; FIG. 16 is a schematic side sectional view of a fixation target; FIG. 17: a schematic sectional view in a plan view of a section of a

Contraption; FIG. 18: an enlarged detail of FIG. 17; Figure 19 is a schematic view of a portion of Figure 17;

Figure 20 is a perspective schematic view of a component of a

Fixation target;

FIG. 21 is a schematic sectional view of the article of FIG. 21.

Figure 1 shows a schematic perspective view of a device 10 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The device 10 comprises an arrangement device in the form of a housing or a pillar 12, on which a first image recording device in the form of an upper camera 14 and a second image recording device in the form of a lateral camera 16 is arranged. Furthermore, a data output device in the form of a monitor 18 is integrated into the column 12. The upper camera 14 is preferably located in the interior of the column 12, for example as shown in Figure 1, at least partially at the same height as the monitor 18. In the operating position, the upper camera 14, and the lateral camera 16 are arranged so that an effective optical axis 20 of the upper camera 14 with an effective optical axis 22 of the lateral camera 16 at an intersection point 24 intersect. The intersection 24 of the effective optical axes 20, 22 is preferably the point of a root of the nose (see Figure 2) or the center of the bridge (not shown).

The upper camera 14 is preferably arranged centrally behind a partially transparent mirror 26. The image data of the upper camera 14 are generated by the partially transmissive mirror 26 therethrough. The image data (hereinafter referred to as images) of the upper camera 14 and the lateral camera 16 are preferably output to the monitor 18. Furthermore, 10 10 three illuminants 28 are arranged on the column 12 of the device. The lighting means 28 may be, for example, light sticks, such as fluorescent tubes. However, the lighting means 28 may also each include one or more bulbs, halogen lamps, light-emitting diodes, etc.

In the preferred embodiment of the apparatus 10 of the present invention shown in FIG. 1, the effective optical axis 20 of the upper camera 14 is disposed parallel to the zero-viewing direction of a user 30. The zero-view direction corresponds to the fixation line of the eyes of the user in the primary position. The lateral Camera 16 is arranged such that the effective optical axis 22 of the lateral camera 16 intersects the effective optical axis 20 of the upper camera 14 at an intersection 24 at an intersection angle of approximately 30 °. The intersection 24 of the effective optical axes 20, 22 is preferably the point of a root of the nose (see Figure 2) of the user 30. That is, in the preferred embodiment of the device 10 of the present invention, the effective optical axis 22 also intersects Zero viewing direction at an angle of 30 °. The cutting angle of 30 ° is a preferred cutting angle. There are also other cutting angles possible. Preferably, however, the cutting angle is less than about 60 °.

Furthermore, it is not necessary that the effective optical axes 20, 22 intersect. Rather, it is also possible that the minimum distance of the effective optical axes from the location of the root of the nose of the user 30 is, for example, less than approximately 10 cm. Furthermore, it is possible for another lateral camera (not shown) to be arranged on the pillar 12, wherein the further lateral camera is, for example, at an angle to the lateral camera 16.

In a further preferred embodiment, the upper camera 14 and the lateral camera 16 may be arranged such that their positions, and in particular their effective optical axes, may for example be adapted to the size of the user 30. The determination of the relative positions of the cameras 14, 16 to each other can be made by means of a known calibration method.

The cameras 14, 16 can furthermore be designed, for example, to generate individual images of a subarea of the head of the user 30 in each case. But it is also possible that based on the cameras 14, 16 video sequences are recorded and these video sequences are used for further evaluation. Preferably, however, individual images are generated at the cameras 14, 16 and these individual images are used for further evaluation, the upper camera 14 and the lateral camera 16 being time-synchronized, ie simultaneously recording images of the preferably identical subregion of the user's head 30 or generate. Furthermore, it is possible for both cameras 14, 16 to record images of different areas of the user's head 30. However, the images of the two cameras contain at least an identical subregion of the user's head 30.

In the operative position, the user is preferably positioned so that his gaze is directed to the partially transmissive mirror 26, the user gazing at the image of his nasal root (see Figure 2) in the mirror image of the partially transmissive mirror 26.

The column 12 may have any other shape or represent a different type of housing in which the cameras 14, 16 and, for example, the bulbs 28, the partially transparent mirror 26 and the monitor 18 are arranged.

In the operating position, the distance between the partially transmitting mirror 26 and the user 30 is only between about 50 and 75 cm, with the user 30 standing in front of the mirror or in front of the partially transmitting mirror according to an operation to which the user 30 is wearing glasses 26 is sitting. Thus, the use of the preferred device according to the invention is possible even in limited spatial conditions. Accordingly, device 10 may for example be designed so that the positions of the upper camera 14 and the side camera 16 and, for example, the partially transparent mirror 26 and the lighting means 28 are arranged vertically adjustable. The upper camera 14 can therefore also be located above or below the monitor 18. Furthermore, it is also possible to tilt or rotate the column 12 or the upper camera 14, lower camera 16, partially transparent mirror 26 and illuminating means 28 disposed on the column 12 about a horizontal axis in the frame of reference of the earth.

For example, according to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the side camera 16 may be replaced by a pattern projection device such as a conventional projector, and the three-dimensional user data may be determined by a conventional method such as phase measuring triangulation. Figure 2 shows a schematic plan view of preferred arrangements of the cameras 14, 16 in the operating position and the positioning of a user 30 in the operating position. As shown in Figure 2, projections of the effective optical axes 20, 22 intersect at a horizontal plane in the frame of reference of the earth at an angle of 23.5 °. The intersection angle between the effective optical axes 20, 22 in the plane, which is spanned by the two effective optical axes 20, 22 is, as shown in Figure 1, 30 °. The intersection 24 of the effective optical axes 20, 22 corresponds to the location of the root of the nose of the user 30. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, a position of the lateral camera 16 may be variable along the effective optical axis 22, for example. The position 32 of the lateral camera 16 corresponds for example to the position as it is also shown in FIG. The lateral camera 16 may, for example, however, also be arranged offset along the effective optical axis 22 at a position 34, preferably the lateral camera 16 can be positioned as desired. In the image data generated by the lateral camera 16, however, at least one pupil (not shown) of the user and at least one spectacle lens edge 36 or a spectacle-detecting edge 36 of a spectacle 38 of the user must be imaged. Furthermore, the pupil preferably has to be completely imaged within the eyeglass frame or glass rim 36 of the eyeglasses 38. Similarly, the upper camera 14 can be positioned differently.

Further, if only the position of one or both lenses relative to the eyeglass frame is to be determined and checked, for example, it is not necessary for the user 30 to wear the eyeglasses 38 for determining the position of the lens relative to the eyeglass frame on the head. Rather, the position of the spectacle lens relative to the spectacle frame can also be determined independently of the user 30. For example, the glasses 38 may be stored on a shelf, such as a table (not shown). Consequently, the device can therefore also be designed differently, for example, have a different dimension. In particular, the device may also be smaller than shown in FIG. For example, the device may only have the two cameras 14, 16, which may be arranged substantially stationary relative to one another. The cameras are designed to be connected to a computer, so that a data exchange between the cameras 14, 16 and the computer is possible. For example, can the device also be designed to be mobile. In other words, the image recording devices, ie the cameras 14, 16, may be arranged separately from the data processing device, ie the computer, in particular housed in separate housings.

It is also possible that the glasses are worn by someone other than the actual user.

Figure 3 shows a schematic sectional view of the arrangement of the cameras 14, 16 in the operating position and a position of the user 30 in the operating position, from the side as shown in Figure 1. As already shown in FIG. 2, the lateral camera 16 can be positioned along the effective optical axis, for example at the position 32 or at the position 34. Further, in FIG. 3, the projection of the effective optical axes 20, 22 onto a vertical plane in the reference frame represented the earth. The angle between the effective optical axes 20, 22 is for example 23.5 °, which corresponds to an intersection angle of 30 ° in the plane, which is spanned by the effective optical axes 20, 22.

FIG. 4 shows in plan view a sectional view of a second preferred embodiment of the device 10 according to the present invention. Instead of two cameras, only the upper camera 14 is used. The upper camera 14 has an optical axis 40. The optical axis 40 corresponds to a line extending from a center of the aperture (not shown) of the upper camera 14 and perpendicular to the plane of the aperture (not shown) of the upper camera 14.

Starting from the upper camera 14 is located in the direction of the optical axis 40, a beam splitter 42 in the beam path of the camera 14. The beam splitter 42 is for example designed such that it can be changed between two modes:

- The beam splitter 42 is either almost completely mirrored or - The beam splitter is almost completely transparent to light.

For example, if the beam splitter 42 is completely transmissive to light, the optical axis 40 of the upper camera 14 is not deflected, but intersects the user 30's head at the intersection 24. In this case, the effective optical axis 20 corresponds to the optical axis 40 of the upper camera 14. If the beam splitter 42, however, completely mirrored, the optical axis 40 of the upper camera 14 is deflected by the beam splitter 42 according to known optical laws, as shown in Figure 4. For example, the optical axis 40 is deflected by an angle of 90 ° in a first deflected portion 44 of the optical axis 40 of the upper camera 14. The first deflected portion 44 intersects another optical element, such as a deflecting mirror 46. Thereby, the first deflected portion 44 of the optical axis 40 is redirected according to the conventional optical laws into a second deflected portion 48 of the optical axis 40. The second deflected portion 48 of the optical axis 40 intersects the head of the user 30. The second deflected portion 48 of the optical axis 40 corresponds to the effective axis 22 of the upper camera 14 in the event that the beam splitter 42 is completely mirrored.

From the upper camera 14 images of the portion of the head of the user 30 are generated with a time delay, wherein the images are generated either in fully mirrored beam splitter 42 or completely transparent beam splitter 42. In other words, two images of the partial area of the head of the user 30 can be generated on the basis of the upper camera 14, which images correspond to the images that can be generated according to FIG. 1, 2 or 3. However, in this preferred embodiment, the images are time-shifted generated by an image capture device, the upper camera 14.

FIG. 5 shows a schematic view of image data produced by the upper camera 14, ie a schematic frontal view of a partial area of the head of a user 30, wherein only two spectacle lenses 50, one spectacle frame 52, one right eye 54 and one left eye 56 are shown of the user 30 are shown. As the user data, in FIG. 5, a pupil center 58 of the right eye 54 and a pupil center 60 of FIG left eye 56 shown. Furthermore, FIG. 5 shows a boundary 62 of the spectacle frame 52 for the right eye 54 and a boundary 64 of the spectacle frame 52 for the left eye 56 in the box dimension, as well as intersection points 66 a horizontal plane in the reference frame of the user with the spectacle frame edge 52 with respect to the right eye 54 as well Intersection points 68 of a vertical plane in the reference system of the user 30 to the horizontal plane of the user 30. The horizontal plane is represented by the dashed line 70, the vertical plane by the dashed line 72.

Similarly, in FIG. 5, intersection points 74 of a horizontal plane and intersections 76 of a vertical plane for the left eye 56 are shown, the horizontal plane being represented by the dashed line 78 and the vertical plane being represented by the dashed line 80.

Preferably, the pupil centers 58, 60 are automatically determined by a user data positioning device (not shown). For this purpose, reflexes 82 are used, which arise on the cornea of the respective eyes 54, 56 due to the light sources 28. Since, according to the embodiments of the device 10 of the present invention shown in FIG. 1, for example, three light sources 28 are arranged, three reflections 82 are imaged per eye 54, 56. The reflections 82 arise for each eye 54, 56 directly at the piercing point of a respective illuminant fixation line on the cornea. The illuminant fixing line (not shown) is the connecting line between the location of the respective illuminant 28, which is imaged centrally on the retina, and the respective pupil center 58, 60 of the corresponding eye 54, 56. The extension of the illuminator fixation line (not shown) ) goes through the optical eye pivot (not shown). Preferably, the lighting means 28 are arranged so that they lie on a conical surface, wherein the tip of the cone at the pupil center 58 and 60 of the right eye 54 and left eye 56 is located. The axis of symmetry of the cone is arranged starting from the apex of the cone parallel to the effective optical axis 20 of the upper camera 14, wherein the three lighting means 28 are further arranged so that connecting lines of the apex and the respective illuminant 28 intersect only in the apex of the cone. Based on the reflexes 82 for the right eye 54 and the left eye 56, respectively, the pupil center 58 or 60 of the right eye 54 and of the left eye 56 can be determined.

Figure 5a shows a schematic view of image data, similar to Figure 5, as generated by the upper camera 14, i. a schematic frontal view of a portion of the glasses 38, wherein two lenses 154, 156 and a spectacle frame 52 are shown. FIG. 5a shows a boundary 62 of the spectacle frame 52 for the right lens 154 and a border 64 of the spectacle frame 52 for the left lens 156 in a box, as well as intersections 66 of a ground plane in the reference frame with the spectacle frame edge 52 with respect to the right lens 154 and intersections 68 of a vertical plane in the reference frame of the earth perpendicular to the horizontal plane. The horizontal plane is shown by the dashed line 70, the vertical plane by the dashed line 72.

Similarly, in FIG. 5a, intersections 74 of a horizontal plane and intersections 76 of a vertical plane for the left lens 156 are shown, with the horizontal plane being shown by the dashed line 78 and the vertical plane by the dashed line 80.

Preferably, the presentation means in the form of stickers 150 are automatically determined by the data processing device (not shown).

Furthermore, two illustrative means 150 are shown by way of example in FIG. 5a. The depicting means 150 may for example be a so-called saddle point, which is designed, for example, as a sticker 150. However, the presentation means 150 can also be a monochrome dot 150, which can be arranged either as a sticker on the spectacle lens (shown in FIG. 6a) or, for example, drawn directly onto the spectacle lens (shown in FIG. 6a) with a stylus.

Figure 5b shows a representation similar to Figure 5 or 5a, wherein additionally a saddle point 53 as a preferred auxiliary point and two saddle points 153, 253 as preferred presentation means are shown.

Each saddle point 53, 153, 253 may be a sticker, for example. It is also possible that two saddle points 53 are used, one saddle point being assigned to the left eye (not shown) and one saddle point to the right eye (not shown).

More preferably, 9 saddle points 53, 153, 253 (not shown) are used, with three saddle points 153 on one spectacle lens (not shown), three saddle points 253 on the other spectacle lens (not shown), and three saddle points 53 on the head, for example, the forehead of the user are arranged (not shown) to a position of each lens relative to the corresponding eye, ie to determine the corresponding pupil or the corresponding pupil center in three-dimensional space.

Preferably, the saddle point 53 is automatically detected and determined by a user data positioning device (not shown).

FIG. 6 shows a schematic view of the image data of the lateral camera 16 according to FIG. 5. Since the lateral camera 16 is laterally located below the partial area of the lateral camera 16

Head of the user 30 is located, intersections of a horizontal and a vertical plane with the edges of the spectacle frame 52 are not on horizontal or vertical lines, as is the case in Figure 5. Rather, straight lines, which are intersections with the horizontal plane and the vertical plane, due to the perspective view of the lateral camera 16 on oblique lines

84 projected. The horizontal plane 70 and the vertical plane 72 therefore intersect the edge 36 of the eyeglass frame 52 at the locations where the projected lines

84 respectively cut the edge 36 of the spectacle frame 52. Analogously, the pupil center points 58, 60 can also be determined on the basis of the reflections 82 on the basis of the image data shown in FIG.

By means of the intersections 66, 68, 74, 76 and the pupil centers 58, 60 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, three-dimensional coordinates of the system glasses 30 and eye (s) 54, 56 can be generated. Furthermore, to determine the three-dimensional coordinates certain points are used in the box measure. Alternatively, the three-dimensional coordinates can be generated at least partially, if appropriate, also by means of the points determined according to box dimensions. Based on the positions in the image data, that is, the intersections 66, 68, 74, 76 and the pupil centers 58, 60, knowing the positions of the upper camera 14 and the lateral camera 16, local relations in the three-dimensional space in the eye (s) 54 system can be determined , 56 and glasses 30 are generated. The intersections 66, 68, 72, 74 and the pupil centers 58, 60, respectively, can be determined by an optician and entered using a computer mouse (not shown). Alternatively, the monitor 18 may be designed as a "touch screen" and the intersections 66, 68, 72, 74 and the pupillary centers 58, 60 may be determined and entered directly from the monitor 18. Alternatively, however, these data can also be generated automatically using image recognition software. In particular, it is possible for a software-supported image evaluation to take place with subpixel accuracy. According to a further embodiment of the invention, the positions of further points of the spectacles 38 can be determined and used to determine the optical parameters in three-dimensional space.

Based on the three-dimensional user data of the system eye 54, 56 and glasses 30, optical parameters of the user 30 can be determined, in which determination head and eye movements can be taken into account. For this purpose, for example, a plurality of images are generated, with the user 30 performing a head movement or, for example, tracking a moving object with his eyes. Alternatively, it is also possible to generate images with discrete head or eye deflections, which can be used, for example, for determining a convergence behavior of the eyes or for determining differences in the eye-deflection behavior. As shown in Figure 1, the user is preferably positioned in the primary position and, as shown in Figure 2, for example, the effective optical axis 20 of the upper camera 14 and the central parallel of the lines of fixation of the eyes 54,56 in the primary position are identical. Another embodiment of the apparatus 10 of the present invention is designed such that only one eye, that is, either the right eye 54 or the left eye 56, is imaged by both the upper camera 14 and the lateral camera 16. The optical parameters of the user 30 are determined on the basis of one eye 54, 56, and the optical parameters for both eyes 54, 56 are determined by symmetry measures.

Advantageously, according to the device 10 of the present invention, the optical parameters, that is, for example, pupil distance, Horπhautscheitelabstand, frame disc angle, pre-tilt and Einschleifhöhe can be determined for a user 30 whose view deflection does not correspond to the zero direction. Rather, according to the present invention, the user 30 looks at the image of his nose bridge in the partially transmissive mirror 26 from a distance of about 50 to about 75 cm. In other words, the user 30 is at a distance of about 50 to about 75 cm semitransparent mirror 26, and looks at the image of his face in the partially transparent mirror 26, in particular on his nose root. The position of the eyes 54, 56, which results from the viewed object, that is the convergence of the eyes 54, 56, can be taken into account in the determination of the optical parameters and, for example, compensated for rotation of the eyes in the determination of the optical parameters, for example a virtual zero-sighting direction can be determined taking into account the actual gaze deflection and based on the virtual, ie the determined and not measured zero-sighting direction, the optical parameters of the user can be determined. Advantageously, therefore, the distance between the user 30 and the cameras 14, 16 may be low. In particular, it is also possible that the optical parameters are already approximately predetermined. Further, the goggles 38 may be pre-fitted and the optical parameters determined by the apparatus 10 of the present invention for the one previously adopted.

Furthermore, the device 10 according to a further preferred embodiment, the pretilt angle of the glasses 38 for each eye 54, 56 from the angle between the line through the upper intersection 68 and the lower intersection 68 of the vertical section plane 72 with the edge 36 of the spectacle frame 52nd to calculate in three dimensions. In addition, an average pretilt may be determined from the pretilt determined for the right eye 54 and the pretilt determined for the left eye 56. Further, a warning may be issued if the anteversion of the right eye 54 from the preadjustment of the left eye 56 deviates by at least a predetermined maximum value. Such an indication can be output, for example, by means of the monitor 18. Analogously, frame disc angle and corneal vertex distance or pupil distance from the three-dimensional data record for the right eye 54 and the left eye 56 as well as mean values thereof can be determined and, if necessary, information about the monitor 18 output, if the deviations of the values for the right eye 54 and the left Eye 56 exceed a maximum value in each case.

The corneal vertex distance can be calculated optionally according to the reference point requirement or according to the requirement of the ocular rotation point. According to the reference point requirement, the corneal vertex distance corresponds to the distance of the vertex of the spectacle lens 50 from the cornea at the piercing point of the fixation line of the eye in the zero viewing direction. According to the eye pivot point requirement, the corneal vertex distance corresponds to the minimum distance of the cornea from the spectacle lens 50.

Furthermore, the device 10 of the present invention may be designed such that the grinding height of the spectacle lens 50 is calculated from a distance of the piercing point of the fixation line of an eye 54, 56 in primary position with a glass plane of a spectacle lens 50 from a lower horizontal tangent in the plane of the glass. A lower horizontal tangent, for example, in Figures 5 and 6, the line 84 of the boundary 62, 64 according to box size. Preferably, the device 10 is designed so that from points on the edge 36 of the spectacle frame 52 for each eye 54, 56, a three-dimensional closed path train for the glass form of the spectacle lens 50 is determined, wherein from distances of the respective spectacle lenses 50 of the right eye 54 and the left eye 56 an average stretch for the glass mold can be determined.

Alternatively, it is also possible that instead of averaging the values of the optical parameters which are determined for the right eye 54 and the left eye 56, the optical parameters, or the stretch path for the glass mold only for the spectacle lens 50 of one of the eyes 54 , 56 and these values will also be used for the other of the eyes 54, 56. Furthermore, in accordance with a preferred embodiment, the apparatus may be used to generate images of the user 30 and these images

Overlay image data of a variety of frame and / or lens data, whereby an optimal consultation of the user 30 is possible. In particular, you can

Materials, layers, thickness and colors of the lenses whose image data is superimposed on the generated image data can be varied. The device 10 according to the present invention can therefore be designed to provide adaptation recommendations, in particular optimized individual parameters for a multiplicity of different spectacle frames or spectacle lenses.

FIG. 6a shows a schematic view of the image data of the lateral camera 16 according to FIG. 5a, similar to the representation according to FIG. 6. Since the lateral camera 16 is located laterally below the partial area of the head of the user 30, intersections of a horizontal and a vertical plane are present the edges of the spectacle frame 52 not on horizontal or vertical lines, as is the case in Figure 5a. Rather, straight lines on which intersection points lie with the horizontal plane and the vertical plane are projected onto oblique lines 84 on the basis of the perspective view of the lateral camera 16. The horizontal plane 70 and the vertical plane 72 therefore intersect the edge 36 of the eyeglass frame 52 at the locations where the projected lines 84 intersect the edge 36 of the eyeglass frame 52, respectively.

By means of the intersection points 66, 68, 74, 76 shown in FIGS. 5a and 6a, three-dimensional coordinates of the spectacles 30 can be generated. Furthermore, the box dimension in three-dimensional space can be determined on the basis of the three-dimensional coordinates.

As an alternative to the generation of data or coordinates in three-dimensional space on the basis of the image data recorded under different directions, the image data can also be recorded in only one direction and the three-dimensional data can be generated on the basis of additional data. For example, it may be sufficient to receive the image data substantially head-on and additionally the frame angle and / or the Presence angle of the glasses and / or the corneal vertex distance and / or the head rotation, etc. specify. Based on the image data and the additional data, the position in three-dimensional space, in particular of the spectacle lens in front of the eye can be determined.

Intersections 66, 68, 72, 74 and saddle point 150, respectively, may be determined by an optometrist and entered using a computer mouse (not shown). Alternatively, the monitor 18 may be designed as a "touch screen" and the intersection points 66, 68, 72, 74 and the saddle point 150 may be determined and entered directly from the monitor 18. Alternatively, however, these data can also be generated automatically using image recognition software. In particular, it is possible for a software-supported image evaluation to take place with subpixel accuracy. According to a further embodiment of the invention, the positions of further points of the spectacles 38 can be determined and used to determine the optical parameters in three-dimensional space.

Only two saddle points 150 are shown in FIGS. 5a and 6a. Preferably, four saddle points, more preferably six saddle points (not shown) are arranged, wherein two or three saddle points are arranged on each spectacle lens to allow a clear determination of the position of each spectacle lens in three-dimensional space.

Based on the three-dimensional user data of the spectacles 30, the box size of the spectacles 30 in three-dimensional space can be determined, and in particular the position of the saddle point 150 in the box dimension (in three-dimensional space).

Furthermore, in FIG. 5a and FIG. 6a, a lower tangent 86 to the spectacle frame 52 is drawn. The lower tangent 86 is part of the limit 62, 64 of the box dimension.

The glasses may also be designed such that pupils (not shown) are imaged.

Another embodiment of the device 10 of the present invention is is designed such that only one side, that is to say either the right side corresponding to the right eye or the left side corresponding to the left eye, is imaged by both the upper camera 14 and the lateral camera 16. The optical parameters of the user 30 are determined on the one hand and the symmetrical assumptions are used to determine the optical parameters for both sides.

FIGS. 7 and 8 show images which are generated, for example, by the upper camera 16 (FIG. 7) and the lateral camera 16 (FIG. 8). The images further show the intersections 66, 68 of the horizontal plane 70 and the vertical plane 72, as well as the reflexes 82 for the right eye 54 of the user 30. In Figure 8 are projections of the possible intersections of the horizontal plane 70 and vertical plane 72 with the Edge 36 of the spectacle frame 52, taking into account the perspective view of the lateral camera 16, shown as a line 84.

Figure 7a shows a schematic view of comparison image data as generated by the upper camera 14, i. a schematic frontal view of a portion of the head of a user 30 in the absence of glasses, with only a right eye 54 and a left eye 56 of the user 30 are shown. As user data, a pupil center 58 of the right eye 54 and a pupil center 60 of the left eye 56 are shown in FIG. Furthermore, FIG. 7 shows the saddle point 53.

Preferably, pupil centers 58, 60 and saddle point 53 are automatically determined by a user data positioning device (not shown). For this purpose, reflexes 82 are used, which arise on the cornea of the respective eyes 54, 56 due to the light sources 28. Since, according to the embodiments of the device 10 of the present invention shown in FIG. 1, for example, three light sources 28 are arranged, three reflections 82 are imaged per eye 54, 56. The reflections 82 arise for each eye 54, 56 directly at the piercing point of a respective illuminant fixation line on the cornea. The illuminant fixing line (not shown) is the connecting straight line between the location of the respective luminous means 28, which is central to the retina The extension of the illuminant fixing line (not shown) passes through the optical eye pivot (not shown). Preferably, the lighting means 28 are arranged so that they lie on a conical surface, wherein the tip of the cone at the pupil center 58 and 60 of the right eye 54 and left eye 56 is located. The axis of symmetry of the cone is arranged starting from the apex of the cone parallel to the effective optical axis 20 of the upper camera 14, wherein the three lighting means 28 are further arranged so that connecting lines of the apex and the respective illuminant 28 intersect only in the apex of the cone.

Based on the reflexes 82 for the right eye 54 and the left eye 56, respectively, the pupil center 58 or 60 of the right eye 54 and the left eye 56 can be determined and, in particular, the position in the three - dimensional space of the saddle point 53 relative to the pupil center 58 or 60 of the right eye 54 and the left eye 56, respectively.

FIGS. 7b and 8a show images which are generated, for example, by the upper camera 16 (FIG. 7b) and the lateral camera 16 (FIG. 8a). The images further show the intersections 66, 68 of the horizontal plane 70 and the vertical plane 72. In Figure 8a are projections of the possible intersections of the horizontal plane 70 and vertical plane 72 with the edge 36 of the spectacle frame 52 taking into account the perspective view of the lateral camera 16, shown as a line 84.

Advantageously, according to the apparatus 10 of the present invention, the optical parameters, ie, for example, pupil distance, corneal vertex distance, socket disc angle, pretilt, and buff height, can be determined for a user 30 whose gaze displacement does not correspond to the zero gaze direction and actual values of the fitted goggles are compared to given values. Rather, according to the present invention, the user 30 looks at the image of his nose bridge in the partially transmissive mirror 26 from a distance of about 50 to about 75 cm. In other words, the user 30 is at a distance of about 50 to about 75 cm semitransparent mirror 26, and looks at the image of his face in the partially transparent mirror 26, in particular on his nose root. The position of the eyes 54, 56, which results from the viewed object, that is the convergence of the eyes 54, 56, can be taken into account in the determination of the optical parameters and, for example, compensated for rotation of the eyes in the determination of the optical parameters, for example a virtual zero viewing direction can be determined taking into account the actual viewing deflection and the optical parameters of the user can be determined on the basis of the virtual, ie the determined and non-measured zero viewing direction. Advantageously, therefore, the distance between the user 30 and the cameras 14, 16 may be low. In particular, it is also possible that the optical parameters are already approximately predetermined. Further, the goggles 38 may be pre-fitted and the optical parameters determined by the apparatus 10 of the present invention for the one previously adopted.

Furthermore, the device 10 is designed according to a further preferred embodiment, the pre-tilt angle of the glasses 38 for each lens from the angle between the line through the upper intersection 68 and the lower intersection 68 of the vertical section plane 72 with the edge 36 of the spectacle frame 52 in three-dimensional to calculate. In addition, an average pretilt may be determined from the pretilt determined for the right eye 54 and the pretilt determined for the left eye 56. Furthermore, a warning may be issued if the front inclination of the right spectacle lens deviates from the front inclination of the left spectacle lens by at least a predetermined maximum value. Such an indication can be output, for example, by means of the monitor 18. Analogously, frame disc angle and corneal vertex distance or pupil distance from the three-dimensional data record for the right eye 54 and the left eye 56 as well as mean values thereof can be determined and, if necessary, information about the monitor 18 output, if the deviations of the values for the right eye 54 and the left Eye 56 exceed a maximum value in each case.

The corneal vertex distance can be calculated optionally according to the reference point requirement or according to the requirement of the ocular rotation point. According to the Reference point requirement corresponds to the corneal vertex distance to the distance of the vertex of the spectacle lens 50 from the cornea at the piercing point of the fixation line of the eye in the zero viewing direction. According to the eye pivot point requirement, the corneal vertex distance corresponds to the minimum distance of the cornea from the spectacle lens 50.

Furthermore, the device 10 of the present invention may be designed such that the grinding height of the spectacle lens 50 is calculated from a distance of the piercing point of the fixation line of an eye 54, 56 in primary position with a glass plane of a spectacle lens 50 from a lower horizontal tangent in the plane of the glass. A lower horizontal tangent, for example, in Figures 5b and 6b, the line 84 of the boundary 62, 64 according to box size. Preferably, the device 10 is designed so that from points on the edge 36 of the spectacle frame 52 for each eye 54, 56, a three-dimensional closed path train for the glass form of the spectacle lens 50 is determined, wherein from distances of the respective spectacle lenses 50 of the right eye 54 and the left eye 56 an average stretch for the glass mold can be determined.

Alternatively, it is also possible that instead of averaging the values of the optical parameters which are determined for the right eye 54 and the left eye 56, the optical parameters, or the stretch path for the glass mold only for the spectacle lens 50 of one of the eyes 54 , 56 and these values will also be used for the other of the eyes 54, 56.

Furthermore, in accordance with a preferred embodiment, the apparatus may be used to generate images of the user 30 and to superimpose image data of a plurality of frame and / or lens data on these images, thereby providing optimal guidance to the user 30. In particular, materials, layers, thicknesses and colors of the spectacle lenses whose image data are superimposed on the generated image data can be varied. The device 10 according to the present invention can therefore be designed to provide adaptation recommendations, in particular optimized individual parameters for a multiplicity of different spectacle frames or spectacle lenses. In particular, the apparatus is designed to determine the above parameters and values for a pair of glasses using at least one saddle point 53 and to compare them with corresponding predetermined parameters and values. In particular, the actual position of use of the glasses can be compared with a predetermined position of use, according to which the glasses were made and deviations from the predetermined position of use are corrected. The predetermined parameters may be stored by the device and retrieved from its memory. The predetermined parameters and values can also be supplied to the device.

FIG. 9 shows an output image, as can be displayed, for example, on the monitor 18, wherein the image data of the upper camera 14 (referred to as camera 1) and the lateral camera 16 (referred to as camera 2) are shown. Furthermore, an image of the lateral camera 16 is shown, in which the user data are superimposed. Furthermore, the optical parameters for the right eye 54 and the left eye 56, as well as average values thereof, are shown.

Preferably, a plurality of bulbs 28 are arranged so that for all cameras 14, 16 reflections 82 for each eye 54, 56 directly at the puncture point of the respective fixation on the cornea or geometrically defined to the puncture point, are generated. Further, the bulbs 28 are preferably arranged so that the reflections 82 are generated in particular for the penetration point of the respective fixing line of the eyes 54, 56 in the primary position. Quite particularly preferred, for both eyes approximately geometrically defined corneal reflexes around the puncture point for the upper camera 14 and for the lateral camera 16 reflections at the puncture points of the fixing lines of the eyes 54, 56 in the primary position, by a light source 28 on the respective center parallel the two fixing lines of the eyes 54, 56 in the primary position mirrored effective optical axis 22 of the lateral camera 16 and two further light sources 28, on the cone of the central parallel lines of the fixing lines of the eyes 54, 56 in the primary position as a cone axis and the effective optical axis 20th the lateral camera 16 is defined as a generator, are arranged so that all bulbs 28 lie on disjoint generatrix of the cone and the inserted bulbs 28 have a horizontal extent that the equation (average pupillary distance) / (horizontal extent) = (distance upper camera 14 to eye 54, 56) / (distance illuminant 28 to eye 54, 56)

suffice.

FIG. 9a shows an output image according to FIG. 9. The output image shown is a superimposition of the image data with the comparison image data.

Furthermore, it is possible by means of the embodiment described above to easily check or determine the position of a pair of spectacles or of the first and / or the second spectacle lens in the position of use, for example relative to the eyes or pupils of the user. In particular, it is thus possible to determine an actual position of use of spectacles with individually adapted spectacle lenses and to compare them with a desired desired use position, which was used for the individual adaptation of the spectacle lenses. In case of deviations of the actual use position from the desired use position, in particular the position of the spectacles or of the first and / or the second spectacle lens in the actual position of use can be corrected such that the actual use position corresponds to the desired desired use position. The desired use position is in this case that position of use of the glasses, knowing which the individually adapted lenses were made. When checking the actual position of use, the actual centering of a spectacle lens or both spectacle lenses in the spectacle frame, i. the position of a spectacle lens relative to the spectacle frame are detected and checked and taken into account in the determination and correction of the actual position of use.

In other words, with the device described above, the desired desired use position of a pair of glasses to be produced can also be determined in a simple manner. The glasses to be produced with individual spectacle lenses can subsequently be produced taking into account the desired desired use position. If the glasses manufactured according to the target position of use is used, it is However, it is possible that the actual position of use of the glasses, ie in particular both lenses, thus the actual position of the glasses or the lenses relative to the corresponding eyes of the user, deviates from the desired use position. In order to correct such deviations, it may therefore be necessary to adjust the spectacle frame after manufacture of the spectacles so that the actual position of use corresponds to the previously determined, desired nominal use position. This adaptation can be carried out for example by an optician.

For this purpose, first, comparison image data are generated at least of partial areas of the user's head, but the user does not wear the already manufactured spectacles. Auxiliary markers or auxiliary points, for example characteristic features of the partial area of the head, are determined in the comparison image data. The auxiliary points may be, for example, particular features of the portion of the user's head, such as e.g. a birthmark, scars, light or dark spots of pigment, etc. The auxiliary points may also be artificially created spots, e.g. so-called saddle points, which are attached in the form of stickers at predetermined or predeterminable positions of the portion of the head. An exemplary saddle point 53 is shown in FIG. 5b.

In particular, the auxiliary points 53 are selected at positions of the partial region of the head or the saddle points 53 are arranged correspondingly so that the saddle points 53 are spatially constant or invariable relative to the respective eye pivot points.

Furthermore, in addition to the auxiliary points, the pupil positions or pupil center points of the user, preferably in the zero viewing direction of the user, are determined in the image data of the partial area of the head. The spatial positions of the pupillary centers are still determined relative to the auxiliary points.

Subsequently, image data of the subarea of the user's head are generated, the user wearing the manufactured spectacles 38 with the individually produced spectacle lenses in the actual position of use. In this case, a further saddle point 153, 253 is arranged or recorded on a spectacle lens or on both spectacles, which or which allow, for example, to determine the position of the engraving points and in particular to determine the position of the engraving points in the box dimension of the corresponding spectacle lens. The saddle point illustrated in Fig. 5b may thus also represent a presentation means 153, 253. The presentation means 153, 253 may be formed, for example, as a sticker 153, 253. However, the display means 153, 253 can also be a monochrome dot 153, 253 which can either be arranged as a sticker on the spectacle lens (for example shown in FIG. 6b) or, for example, drawn directly onto the spectacle lens (for example shown in FIG. 6b) with a pen ,

If the auxiliary point (s) or point of view (s) is determined on the basis of saddle points, the saddle points are advantageously designed such that they can be identified in a simple and reliable manner by means of image recognition software.

Using the image data described above, parameters of the spectacles or of the first and / or the second spectacle lens are determined relative to the auxiliary points. Now that both the relative positions of the pupil centers 58, 60 to the auxiliary points 53 are known and the relative position of the spectacles 38 and the first and / or the second spectacle lens in their actual position of use to the auxiliary points 53 is known, can in a simple manner For example, based on a coordinate transformation, the actual position of the spectacles 38 relative to the pupil centers 58, 60 are determined. Therefore, it is possible to identify a deviation of the actual use position of the target use position and compensate subsequently. For example, the actual corneal vertex distance may be determined and compared to the corneal vertex distance used for the calculation and fabrication of the individual spectacle lenses 50. If the two parameters do not match, the spectacles 38 can be further adapted, ie the actual use position can be changed and the new actual use position can be checked again using the method described above. Iteratively, therefore, the actual position of use may be repeatedly determined, with the Target usage position to be compared and changed or adapted until the deviation of the actual use position of the target use position is less than an acceptable predetermined deviation limit value. In this case, the actual position of each spectacle lens can be taken into account on the basis of the centering data determined by means of the representation means.

The correction of the actual position of use can also be done not only because of the corneal vertex distance. Rather, the actual position of use with respect to other or other individual parameters can be adapted to the desired use position.

Advantageously, therefore, the actual use position can be easily adapted to the desired use position, even if the custom-made lenses 50 are already arranged in the glasses 38 and optionally also a faulty arrangement of the lenses are corrected in the spectacle frame. Measurement errors in the determination of the actual position of use are hereby avoided or are very small because the positions of the pupil centers 58, 60 relative to the spectacles 38 or relative to the first and / or the second spectacle lens are not determined by the spectacle lenses 50, Thus, for example, an incorrect determination of the position of the spectacles 38 or of the first and / or the second spectacle lens relative to the pupil centers 58, 60, which could occur due to the optical properties of the spectacle lenses 50, avoided. The position of the auxiliary points 53 relative to the pupil centers 58, 60, however, was determined in the absence of the spectacles 38 or in the absence of the first and / or the second spectacle lens, which is why no measurement is carried out here by the spectacle lenses 50.

FIG. 10 shows a front view of a section of the device 10, as shown in FIG. In particular, FIG. 10 shows a first fixation target 202 and a second fixation target 204. A camera 14 is arranged between the two fixation targets 202, 204. The two fixation targets 202, 204 can, as shown in FIG. 1, be arranged laterally next to the mirror 26. The two fixation targets 202, 204 may also be arranged behind the mirror 26. In this case, it is sufficient if the mirror 26 at least in the spectral range of fixation lines 206, 208 is permeable so that the fixation line 206 and the Fixatioπslinie 208 are visible as a preferred light field through the partially transmissive mirror 26 therethrough. The representative element of the fixation target 202 is a cylindrical lens 210. The representative element of the fixation target 204 is a cylindrical lens 212. The camera 14 shown in FIG. 10 comprises an objective with an opening whose diameter is approximately 30 mm. In this case, the maximum distance a of the center of the aperture of the lens of the camera 14 and a lateral edge 214 opposite the camera 14 is about 17 mm. The remaining edge 216 of the cylindrical lens 210 is spaced from the center of the aperture of the lens of the camera 14 by a distance b of at least about 47 mm. Corresponding embodiments apply with regard to the camera 14 and the cylindrical lens 212.

In this exemplary illustration, the visible area of the cylindrical lens has a height of about 40 mm, i. the cylindrical lens has a height c of at least about 40 mm. Consequently, the fixation line 206 is at least 40 mm long. The same applies to the cylindrical lens 212 and the fixation line 208.

Preferably, the cylindrical lenses 210, 212 are aligned such that a cylinder axis (not shown) of the respective cylindrical lenses 210, 212 are disposed substantially vertically in the reference frame of the earth. By arranging the light source (shown in the following figures) substantially in the focal plane of the cylindrical lens, the fixation lines 206, 208 are generated by light which is substantially substantially diffuse along the vertical direction (in the frame of reference of the earth) and along substantially the horizontal direction (in the frame of reference of the earth) is substantially parallel. In other words, the subject (30 shown in Figure 1), when looking at the cylindrical lenses 210, 212, can see the fixation lines 206, 208, and when looking at the fixation lines 206, 208, the subject holds the head posture in the vertical direction can choose freely. Consequently, the subject will select the head posture according to his natural head posture. Since the light is substantially parallel in the horizontal plane, the subject's fixation lines 206, 208 appear substantially at infinity. Consequently, it is possible with the aid of the device shown in FIG. 10 that the subject has his habitual head and head Posture with a view into the infinite occupies. In this position, for example, the individual parameters can be determined.

FIG. 11 a shows a schematic view of the fixation target 202 in a top view. The fixation target 202 comprises the cylindrical lens 210 and a lighting device 218. The illumination device 218 shown in FIG. 11a may, for example, comprise an LED, in particular a homogeneous LED, an incandescent lamp or a similar light source. It is also possible that the illumination device 218 comprises a ground glass (not shown). The illumination device 218, in particular its light source, as shown in FIG. 1 a, is arranged essentially on a focal line of the cylinder lens 210. Thus, the electromagnetic radiation 220 passing through the cylindrical lens 210 from the illuminator 218 is substantially parallel. If the cylinder axis, i. the focal line of the cylindrical lens 210 is disposed substantially vertically, the electromagnetic beams 220 are located substantially in a horizontal plane in the frame of reference of the earth. An optical axis of the fixation target 202 is an axis that is substantially parallel to the electromagnetic radiation 120. The optical axis is shown as arrow 222. Likewise, the horizontal plane 224 is drawn.

Furthermore, a vertical plane 225 is shown in FIG. 11a. The vertical plane 225 is shown in the form of a line due to the plan view in FIG. 11a. The intersection line between the vertical plane 225 and the horizontal plane 224 is preferably parallel to the optical axis 222. The optical axis 222 is preferably parallel to a horizontal direction in the reference frame of the earth. It is also possible for the vertical plane 225 and the horizontal plane 224 to be oriented vertically or horizontally with respect to a reference system deviating from the reference system of the earth.

11 b shows a view of the fixation target 202 according to FIG. 11 a, wherein the illumination device 218 does not include the focal line of the cylindrical lens 210. However, the illumination device 218 is arranged in the focal plane of the cylindrical lens 210. Thus, the electromagnetic radiation 220 after passing through the cylindrical lens 210 is parallel to each other, but not parallel to the optical Axis 222. If the illumination device 218 is arranged such that a light emission surface of the illumination device is arranged in the focal plane and is preferably substantially parallel to the focal line of the cylindrical lens 210, the electromagnetic radiation after passing through the cylindrical lens 210 in each horizontal plane 224a, 224b, 224c, ... parallel, the direction of the parallel electromagnetic radiation being substantially identical for all horizontal planes 224a, 224b, 224c, ....

FIG. 11c shows a view of a fixation target 202, similar to that shown in FIG. 11a. However, the fixation target 202 includes a plurality of illumination devices 218a, 218b, 218c, ... 218n. By way of example, 5 lighting devices are shown. The illumination device 218c comprises the focal line of the cylindrical lens 210. The electromagnetic radiation 220 of the illumination device 218c is parallel to each other and parallel to the optical axis 222 after passing through the cylindrical lens. The electromagnetic radiation of the further illumination devices 218a, 218b, 218c, 218d, ... , 218n is not shown. By way of example, the illumination device 218d is arranged similarly to the illumination device 218 illustrated in FIG. 11b, for which reason the radiation path (not shown) is similar to the electromagnetic radiation proceeding from the illumination device 218d, as shown in FIG. 11b. Preferably, all illumination devices 218a, 218b, 218c, 218d,..., 218n are arranged in the focal plane of the cylindrical lens 210 or at least partially surround the focal plane of the cylindrical lens 210.

Each light field can be generated by correspondingly different illumination devices 218a, 218b, 218c, 218d,... 218n, in particular substantially line-shaped illumination surfaces located in the focal plane of the common cylindrical lens 210. The different lateral distances from the focal line result in the different directions of the light field (as shown in FIGS. 11a and 11b, the light always being parallel in one direction).

Preferably, the illumination devices 218a, 218b, 218c, 218d,... 218n can be designed to be switchable, so that the direction of the light field can be changed by switching in which only one of the illumination devices 218a, 218b, 218c, 218d, ... 218n. Thus, the viewing direction of the subject can be guided, since preferably the light fields generated by the lighting devices 218a, 218b, 218c, 218d, ... 218n are parallel to different directions and thus the test person must look in different directions around the light fields produced, for example successively to be able to look at.

FIG. 12 shows a side sectional view of the fixation target shown in plan view in FIG. 11 a. In particular, in FIG. 1 the optical path is shown schematically at three exemplary points 226a, 226b, 226c of the illumination device 218. The three exemplary points 226a, 226b, 226c are arranged in a vertical direction 228 with one another. The vertical direction 228 is in particular a vertical direction in reference to the earth. Likewise, three horizontal planes 224a, 224b, 224c are shown in FIG. For example, electromagnetic radiation radiated from the exemplary point 226a substantially in the horizontal plane 224a is substantially parallel only after passing through the cylindrical lens 210, as shown in FIG. 1a. In other words, Figure 11a shows a sectional view according to one of the planes 224a, 224b, 224c. Thus, a subject observing electromagnetic radiation after passing through the cylindrical lens 210 sees substantially diffuse electromagnetic radiation along the vertical direction 228, whereas in the planes 224a, 224b, 224c, is substantially parallel to the optical axis 222.

In particular, the number and position of the exemplary points 226a, 226b, 226c is selected such that the electromagnetic radiation after passing through the cylindrical lens 210 along the vertical direction 228 is substantially homogeneous. In other words, three points 226a, 226b, 226c are shown by way of example in FIG. However, the above explanations apply to a large number of points, in particular infinite many points of the illumination device 218. The illumination device 218 may comprise one or more diffusers (not shown).

The illumination device 218 may have one or more, in particular 16 Light sources and a diffuser (see Figure 19), wherein the light sources irradiate the diffuser and the diffuser includes the points 226a, 226b, 226c, ..., of which the electromagnetic radiation hits the Zylinderliπse 210.

FIG. 13 shows a further schematic plan view of a fixation target 202. The fixation target 202 comprises the cylindrical lens 210 and the illumination device 218. The illumination device 218 comprises the light source 231, a diffuser 232 and an aperture stop 234a. Likewise, the vertical direction 228 and the horizontal direction 230 are shown in FIG. Light, i. electromagnetic radiation, may exit the light source 231 and illuminate the diffuser 232. The diffuser 232 causes the cylindrical lens 210 to be irradiated substantially homogeneously along the vertical direction 228. The aperture stop 234a causes the electromagnetic radiation to be limited, in particular substantially limited to a focal line (not shown) of the cylindrical lens. For example, the aperture diaphragm 234a can be variably adjustable for this purpose. It is also possible for the aperture stop 234a to have a fixed size, in particular a blend opening 236a only a few millimeters, for example less than 1.5 mm, less than 1 mm, less than 0.5 mm, less than 0.1 mm, smaller than 0.05 mm ± 0.02 mm wide. At least the aperture is greater than about 0.05 mm, greater than about 0.1 mm ± 0.02 mm wide. Furthermore, an aperture stop 234b is shown in FIG. The aperture stop 234b has an aperture 236b. The aperture stop 234b is preferably formed and arranged such that a rear surface 237 of the cylindrical lens is not completely irradiated with electromagnetic radiation from the illumination device 218, but only a portion of the rear surface 237. Thus, the illuminated area of the cylindrical lens 210 is limited, so that advantageously at the edge the cylindrical lens 210 occurring unfavorable effects, such as refraction and scattering can be avoided. The blend aperture 236b may be, for example, a width of about 70%, about 80%, about 90% of the width of the back surface 237 of the cylindrical lens 210. In FIG. 13, the longitudinal direction of the cylindrical lens 210 is substantially along the vertical direction 228 and the width direction is substantially perpendicular to the vertical direction 228.

FIG. 14 shows a left cylindrical lens 210 and a right cylindrical lens 212 Horizontal direction 230 behind the left cylindrical lens 210, a lighting device 218a is shown. Along the horizontal direction 230 behind the second cylindrical lens 212, a lighting device 218b is located. The lighting devices 218a, 218b, which may be formed, for example, as light strips, are elongated along the vertical direction 228. In particular, the illumination devices 218a, 218b emit essentially homogeneous light along the vertical direction 228, ie essentially electromagnetic radiation of identical wavelength. After passing through the cylindrical lenses 210, 212, the electromagnetic radiation in the vertical direction 228 is still diffuse. Electromagnetic radiation passing through the cylindrical lenses 210, 212 parallel to a horizontal plane (not shown) is substantially parallel to the horizontal direction 230. The illumination devices 218a, 218b may be configured as in FIG. The illumination sources 218a, 218b may also each comprise 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, etc. homogeneous LEDs which are arranged below one another along the vertical direction 218, for example, wherein the homogeneous LEDs of the first illumination device 218a are arranged so as to be uniform generate a common light field that is substantially homogeneous. This applies mutatis mutandis to the lighting device 218b.

FIG. 15 shows a further schematic sectional view of a front view of a region of the device 10 comprising a first fixation target 202 and a second fixation target 204. The fixation targets 202, 204 each comprise a cylindrical lens 210, 212. Likewise, an objective of a camera 14 is shown. The geometric centers of the fixation targets 202, 204 are, for example, about 68 mm apart. The vertical dimension of the fixation targets 202, 204 is about 40 mm. The horizontal dimension of the fixation targets 202, 204 is about 32 mm. The distance of the edge 214 from a center of the lens of the camera 14 is about 18 mm. The distance of the edge 216 of the cylindrical lens 210 is about 50 mm from the center of the lens of the camera 14. Figure 15 is a technical drawing, wherein in Figure 15 preferred dimensions are given.

FIG. 16 shows a sectional view along the sectional plane BB, as in FIG. 15 shown. FIG. 16 thus shows a side sectional view of a fixation target, for example of the fixation target 202 or 204. The fixation target 202, 204 has an extension of approximately 60 mm (outer spacing) along the vertical direction, the schematically drawn cylindrical lens 210, 212 extending along the vertical direction of about 50 mm. Furthermore, a region of 238 is shown in FIG. 16, which is shown enlarged in FIG. 19 by way of example. In particular, the illumination device 218a, 218b is arranged in the region 238.

FIG. 17 is a sectional view taken along the plane CC as shown in FIG.

Shown are two fixation targets 202, 204 and the camera 14 or their housing. The fixation target 204 has the illumination device 218b in the rear region 238 (see FIG. 19). The same applies to the fixation target 202, but this has not been emphasized. The fixation target 204 has a width of about 38 mm, with the wall thicknesses of the two walls being about 2 mm and 4 mm, respectively. In a front region 240, the fixation target 204 has the cylindrical lens 212. This area is shown enlarged in FIG.

FIG. 18 shows an enlarged view of the area 240. In FIG. 18, the cylindrical lens 212. and profile 242 of fixation target 212 is shown. Further, a wall 244 is shown in the form of an L-angle, in which the cylindrical lens 212 is arranged. The cylindrical lens 212 may be fixed by means of a rubber 246, for example. The wall 244 may be part of the device 10. However, it may also be an independent of the device 10 component of the fixation target 212, so that, for example, the fixation target 212 can be removed in particular together with the fixation target 210 of the device 10. In this sectional view, the profile 242 of the fixation target 204 has an inner diameter of about 32 mm.

FIG. 19 shows an enlarged illustration of the illumination device 218b as it is arranged in the rear region 238 of the fixation target 204. In FIG. 19, a plurality of light sources 231a, 231b, 231c... 231n are arranged at a rear end, in particular at a rear wall 248. Especially 16 light sources can be arranged. The light sources may be, for example, LEDs, in particular monochrome or multi-colored LEDs. The light sources 231a... 231n may also be conventional incandescent lamps, neon lamps, etc. In particular, instead of the 16 light sources 231a... 231n, only one extended light source, for example a neon lamp, may be arranged. The light sources 231a... 231n illuminate the diffuser 232. The diffuser 232 may, for example, be a Plexiglas disk having a thickness of approximately 3 mm, wherein a diaphragm 234a may be arranged on the diffuser 232. An exemplary aperture is shown in FIGS. 20, 21. In particular, the diaphragm has a diaphragm opening 236a in the form of a slot, which for example has a vertical extension of approximately 40 mm. Furthermore, FIG. 19 shows the profile 242 of the fixation target 204.

The surface or side of the diffuser 232 facing the light sources 231a... 231n may have a distance of approximately 7.7 mm from the light sources 231a... 231n. In particular, the distance is chosen such that the diffuser is illuminated as evenly as possible. The diffuser 232 is in particular designed to emit 128 diffused, homogeneous light in the vertical direction. As shown in Fig. 19, the 16 light sources 231 a ... 231n are evenly distributed, for example, a distance to the light sources 231a ... 231n may be about 2.5 mm, and the distance of one edge of the uppermost LED 231a from an outer edge of the lower LED 231 n is about 42 mm.

FIG. 20 shows a perspective view of an aperture stop 234a. The aperture stop 234a has a thickness of about 2 mm. Further, the aperture stop 234a has an aperture 236a in the form of a slit. The aperture 236a is disposed in a recess 250 of the aperture stop 234a. The recess 250 may have a height of about 1.5 mm, i. the slot 236a may have a thickness of about 0.5 mm.

FIG. 21 shows a schematic sectional view of the aperture stop 234a. FIG. 21 is a technical drawing of the aperture stop 234a, wherein in FIG. 21 preferred dimensions of the aperture stop 234a are indicated.

The above statements apply in particular to the intended purpose Use of the device 10.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10 device

12 pillar

14 upper camera

16 side camera

18 monitor

20 effective optical axis

22 effective optical axis

24 intersection

26 partially transparent mirror

28 bulbs

30 users

32 position

34 position

36 lens rim / eyeglass rim

38 glasses

40 optical axis

42 beam splitter

44 first deflected portion of the optical axis

46 deflection mirror

48 second deflected portion of the optical axis

50 spectacle lenses

52 spectacle frame

53 saddle point

54 right eye

56 left eye

58 pupil center

60 pupil center

62 Limit in box size 64 limit in box size

66 intersections

68 intersections

70 horizontal level

72 vertical level

74 intersections

76 intersections

78 horizontal level

80 vertical level

82 reflexes

84 Straight

86 lower horizontal tangent

150 stickers or dot

153 saddle point

154 right lens

156 left lens

202 fixation target

204 fixation target

206 fixation line

208 fixation line

210 cylindrical lens

212 cylindrical lens

214 edge

216 edge

218 lighting device

218a lighting device

218b lighting device

218c lighting device

218d lighting device

218n lighting device

220 electromagnetic radiation

222 optical axis

224 horizontal plane

224a horizontal plane 224b horizontal plane

224c horizontal plane

225 vertical plane

226a exemplary point

226b exemplary point

226c exemplary point

228 vertical direction

230 horizontal direction

231 light source

231a light source

231b light source

231c light source

231 n light source

232 diffuser

234a Aperture aperture

234b Aperture stop

236a aperture

236b aperture

237 rear surface

238 rear area

240 front area

242 profile / side walls

244 wall / L-angle

246 rubber

248 wall250 return

253 saddle point a distance b distance

C height

Claims

claims

1. Use of at least one fixation target (202, 204) as an aid for aligning the viewing direction of a subject (30), wherein

by means of the fixation target (202, 204) an areally extended light field (206, 208), in particular a substantially rectangular light field (206, 208), is produced and

the subject (30) looks at the light field (206, 208).

2. Use according to claim 1, wherein the fixation target (202, 204) is designed such that

- The electromagnetic radiation of the light field (206, 208) in a first predeterminable plane (225) is substantially diffused and

the electromagnetic radiation (220) of the light field (206, 208) is substantially parallel in a second predeterminable plane (224) that is perpendicular to the first plane (225).

3. Use according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fixation target (202, 204) comprises a cylindrical lens (210, 212) and the first predeterminable plane (225) is substantially parallel to a cylinder axis of the cylindrical lens (210, 212) and the second predeterminable plane (224) substantially perpendicular to the

Cylinder axis of the cylindrical lens (210, 212).

4. Use according to claim 3, wherein the cylinder axis in the reference system of Earth is arranged such that the cylinder axis is substantially parallel to a vertical plane (225).

5. Use according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the light field (206, 208) is designed such that it is perceived by the user as a strip, in particular line.

6. Use according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the fixation target (202, 204) comprises a lighting device (218, 218a, 218b, 218c, 218d, ... 218n) and the illumination device (218, 218a,

218b, 218c, 218d, ... 218n) creates a substantially homogeneous diffuse light field (206, 208) along a first direction (228), the first direction (228) being substantially perpendicular to the second plane (224).

Use according to claim 6, wherein the illumination means (218, 218a, 218b, 218c, 218d, ... 218n) comprises a luminous surface (232) radiating electromagnetic radiation of substantially identical intensity and illuminating the surface (232) in the substantially perpendicular to the first plane (225) and substantially perpendicular to the second plane (224).

8. Use according to one of the preceding claims, wherein when viewing the light field (206, 208) by the subject (30) the individual parameters of the subject (30) are determined.

Use according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the fixation target (202, 204) is positioned such that the direction of the electromagnetic beams (220) substantially parallel to the second plane (224) is substantially perpendicular to a face plane of the subject (30).

Use according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the light field (206, 208) along a first direction (228) which is substantially perpendicular to the second plane (224) has a length of at least about 40 mm having.

11. Use according to one of the preceding claims with two fixation targets (202, 204), wherein the two fixation targets (202, 204) are arranged and designed so that each eye of the subject (30) exactly one fixation target (202, 204) perceives.

12. Use according to claim 11, wherein the fixation targets (202, 204) are arranged and designed such that the subject (30) can fuse the respective images.

13. Use according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the illumination of the fixation targets (202, 204) is in each case controllable such that the subject (30) sees only one fixation target (202, 204).

14. Device (10) for aligning the viewing direction of a subject (30), in particular for determining individual parameters of a spectacle wearer, with

at least one fixation target (202, 204)

by means of the fixation target (202, 204) a flatly extended light field (206, 208), in particular a substantially rectangular light field (206, 208) can be generated, so that

in the position of use of the device (10), the light field (206, 208) is at least partially visible by a subject (30).

15. Device (10) according to claim 14, wherein the fixation target (202, 204) is designed such that

the electromagnetic radiation of the light field (206, 208) is substantially diffuse in a first predeterminable plane (225), and - The electromagnetic radiation (220) of the light field (206, 208) in a second predeterminable plane (224), which is perpendicular to the first plane (225) is substantially parallel.

16. Device (10) according to claim 14 or 15, with two fixation targets (202, 204) and with at least one image recording device (14), wherein the image recording device (14) is preferably arranged between the two fixation targets (202, 204).

The apparatus (10) of any of claims 14 to 16, wherein the fixation target (202, 2049 comprises at least one cylindrical lens (210, 212), the cylinder axis being substantially parallel to the first plane (225) and substantially perpendicular to the second level (224).

18. Device (10) according to one of claims 14 to 17 with an illumination device (218, 218a, 218b, 218c, 218d, ... 218n), wherein the illumination device (218, 218a, 218b, 218c, 218d, ... 218n) comprises a substantially rectangular light emitting surface.

19. Device (10) according to claim 18, wherein the illumination device (218, 218a, 218b, 218c, 218d, ... 218π) at least two light sources (231, 231 a, 231b, 231c, ..., 231n), in particular at least two LEDs (231a, 231b, 231c, ..., 231n).

The apparatus (10) of claim 19, wherein the illumination means (218, 218a, 218b, 218c, 218d, ... 218n) comprises at least one diffuser (232) and the light sources (231, 231a, 231b, 231c,. .., 231 n) illuminate the diffuser (232) in such a way that the diffuser (232) radiates electromagnetic radiation of essentially homogeneous intensity.

21. Device (10) according to claim 18, wherein the rectangular light emitting surface of the illumination device (218, 218a, 218b, 218c, 218d, ... 218n) is at least partially substantially in a focal plane of the cylindrical lens (210, 212 ) is arranged, in particular the focal line of Cylindrical lens (210, 212).

22. Device (10) according to one of claims 14 to 21, wherein the image recording device (14), in particular a center of an aperture of the image recording device (14) between about 5 mm and about 40 mm, in particular about 17 mm from the at least one fixation target ( 202, 204) is removed.

23. Device (10) according to one of claims 14 to 22, with at least one display means (150) for representing at least one characteristic

Point of a spectacle lens, wherein

the at least one image recording device (14, 16) is designed and arranged, image data of the at least one representation means (150) and at least partial regions of a spectacle lens (154, 156) and a spectacle frame (52) of the

To generate probands (30), and wherein

the device (10) further comprises a data processing device which is designed to determine, based on the image data, a position of a spectacle lens (154, 156) relative to the spectacle frame (52).

24. Device (10) according to any one of claims 14 to 23 with

- at least two image recording devices (14, 16) which are designed and arranged to generate image data of at least partial regions of the head of the subject (30);

- A data processing device with

a user data determination device which is designed to determine user data of at least a portion of the head or at least a portion of a system of the head and a spectacles (38) of the subject (30) arranged thereon in the position of use based on the generated image data, the user data Include location information in the three-dimensional space of predetermined points of the partial area of the head or the partial area of the system and

a parameter determination device which is designed to determine, based on the user data, at least a part of the optical parameters of the subject (30);

- A data output device which is designed to output at least a portion of the specific optical parameters of the subject (30).

25. Device (10) according to any one of claims 14 to 23 with

at least two image recording devices (14, 16), which are each designed and arranged,

- Generating comparative image data of at least a portion of the head of the subject (30) in the absence of the glasses (38) and / or in the absence of the at least one spectacle lens (50) and at least a portion of an auxiliary structure (53) and

To generate image data of a substantially identical subregion of the subject's head (30) with spectacles (38) arranged thereon and / or at least one spectacle lens (50) arranged thereon and at least the subregion of the auxiliary structure (53);

- A data processing device which is designed, based on the image data, based on the comparison image data and based on at least the portion of the auxiliary structure (53), the position of the spectacles (38) and / or the at least one spectacle lens (50) relative to the pupil center of the corresponding eye of the subject (30) to determine in the zero direction, and

a data output device which is adapted to the position of Glasses (38) and / or the at least one spectacle lens (50) relative to the pupil center of the corresponding eye of the subject (30) output in the zero direction.