EP2233227B1 - Flame-retardant ceramic stops - Google Patents

Flame-retardant ceramic stops Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2233227B1
EP2233227B1 EP09004143A EP09004143A EP2233227B1 EP 2233227 B1 EP2233227 B1 EP 2233227B1 EP 09004143 A EP09004143 A EP 09004143A EP 09004143 A EP09004143 A EP 09004143A EP 2233227 B1 EP2233227 B1 EP 2233227B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
opening
section
gas
cross
region
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP09004143A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2233227A1 (en
Inventor
Gerald Nitzl
Christoph Eglsäer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Refractory Intellectual Property GmbH and Co KG
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Refractory Intellectual Property GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to EP09004143A priority Critical patent/EP2233227B1/en
Application filed by Refractory Intellectual Property GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Refractory Intellectual Property GmbH and Co KG
Priority to PL09004143T priority patent/PL2233227T3/en
Priority to AT09004143T priority patent/ATE495840T1/en
Priority to DE502009000331T priority patent/DE502009000331D1/en
Priority to MX2011009905A priority patent/MX2011009905A/en
Priority to BRPI1010013A priority patent/BRPI1010013A2/en
Priority to US13/257,253 priority patent/US20120001372A1/en
Priority to CN2010800177374A priority patent/CN102413962A/en
Priority to RU2011138684/02A priority patent/RU2488461C2/en
Priority to PCT/EP2010/000895 priority patent/WO2010108572A1/en
Priority to TW099107981A priority patent/TW201034772A/en
Publication of EP2233227A1 publication Critical patent/EP2233227A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2233227B1 publication Critical patent/EP2233227B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/14—Closures
    • B22D41/16—Closures stopper-rod type, i.e. a stopper-rod being positioned downwardly through the vessel and the metal therein, for selective registry with the pouring opening
    • B22D41/18—Stopper-rods therefor
    • B22D41/186—Stopper-rods therefor with means for injecting a fluid into the melt
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D2/00—Arrangement of indicating or measuring devices, e.g. for temperature or viscosity of the fused mass

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a refractory ceramic plug for controlling a flowing molten metal in the region of an outlet opening of a metallurgical melting vessel, for example a tundish.
  • Such a plug as he from the writings EP 0 396 111 A2 and WO 2005/042183 A is generally known, may be constructed as follows: It comprises a rod-shaped body having a first end and a second end, wherein the body consists of at least one refractory ceramic material.
  • Rod-shaped is to be understood in the technical sense, that is, the length of the body is much larger than its diameter / its width.
  • a bag-like opening extends in the axial direction of the body toward the second end, this opening extending to a connection region with a bottom and the connection region ending in front of the second end of the body.
  • a so-called feed area is provided, because here a treatment gas, in particular an inert gas, such as argon, is introduced into the opening of the plug.
  • At least one gas channel extends from the connection region of the opening to a surface section of the body in the region of its second end.
  • This gas channel has a cross-sectional area which is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the opening.
  • the plug is placed immediately in the spout area of the metallurgical crucible, in vertical alignment with the first end at the top and the second end at the bottom, adjacent the spout.
  • an annular channel opposite the spout can be enlarged or reduced to control the amount of molten metal passing through it.
  • FIG. 1 shows such a known arrangement, wherein the plug 10 and a corresponding spout carries the reference numeral 50.
  • the illustrated lower (second) end 14 of the plug 10 is in a slightly raised position, so that between the plug 10 and spout 50 an annular channel is formed by the melt S from a tundish, not shown in the spout 50 and from there into downstream facilities can flow.
  • the treatment gas which is supplied via the opening 16 and passed from there in the direction of arrow G in the gas channel 18, which is coaxial with the central longitudinal axis M of the plug-shaped body 10, leaves the plug 10 in the region of a spout opening 20 at the lowermost part of the second end 14 and flows from there into the melt S.
  • a control valve of the type shown has long been used. However, it has been found that irregularities in the flow behavior of the melt occur again and again during operation.
  • a closure plug having the features 1.1 to 1.5 of the main claim, in which a filler over a portion of the opening - viewed in the axial direction of the body - extends, wherein at least one gas passage in the axial direction of the filler body passes through the filler body or between filler and body, parallel to the central longitudinal axis of the sealing plug or spiral, helical or meandering or thread-like, which fluidly connects the opening to the gas channel, which transports the gas to the surface of the second end of the plug.
  • the invention has for its object to optimize a generic plug so far that even with different positioning of the plug relative to the spout a controlled melt flow is achieved.
  • the dashed line schematically characterizes the dependence in an application in which no gas flows, while the closed line characterizes the dependence of the two parameters under gas supply.
  • the said section has a so-called Restrictor function, as it basically from the already mentioned DE 10 2005 029 033 B4 known is. While there is a relatively low gas pressure above this section, the reduced flow cross section for the gas in the region of the section leads to a significant increase in the gas pressure and the gas velocity, which subsequently decrease again with an increased flow cross section.
  • the gap width between plug and spout can be controlled so that the casting process outside the discontinuity range, as in FIG. 2 shown, takes place.
  • plug and spout are arranged in a corresponding manner to each other depending on the amount and the pressure of the supplied gas. If, for example, the casting performance has to be reduced due to operational reasons or if it is reduced by metallurgical influences such as buildup in a dip tube, which follows the pouring fluidically, there is a risk that it will enter the discontinuity zone and increase the casting volume despite reducing the gap width between the stopper and the spout , This case is indicated by pressure fluctuations in the connection area of the plug because too much gas enters the reduced melt flow. This phenomenon is now used for the early detection of the changed flow pattern. By reducing the gas pressure in the connection area, the plug lowers slightly in the direction of the Spout, the gap width decreases and the melt flow decreases as desired.
  • the device for measuring the gas pressure can be arranged directly in said region of the opening, for example in the form of a manometer, in particular an electronic pressure gauge, which withstands the temperatures prevailing there (about 1,500 to 1,600 ° C).
  • the transmission of the pressure measured values to an evaluation unit can take place via temperature-resistant cables or wirelessly, for example by radio.
  • connection area of the Opening connects with a pressure gauge.
  • the actual pressure gauge can also be arranged outside the plug, in particular in a region in which lower ambient temperatures prevail, that is, for example, in the region of said lifting device for raising and lowering the plug.
  • the same gas pressure prevails in the measuring channel as in the connection area of the opening so that it can be measured exactly.
  • the measuring channel from the connection region of the opening at least partially lead through the body in the direction of the first end.
  • the measuring channel is then led out of the body, for example, above the molten bath and guided via a connecting line to the pressure measuring device.
  • the mentioned Restrictor section can be formed in different ways.
  • One possibility is to arrange the section in the opening itself.
  • the section may be stationary by one in the opening arranged filling body are formed, wherein at least one gas passage between the filler body and a corresponding wall of the opening remains free.
  • the portion is formed by a packing arranged in a stationary manner in the opening, which extends over the entire cross-section of the opening, wherein at least one gas passage extends through the packing, which directs a gas flowing therethrough in the direction of the connection area of the opening.
  • Another way to form the section consists of a filling body which extends over the entire cross-section of the opening and divides the opening into two areas in the axial direction, and with a channel which connects one area of the opening with the other area of the opening and a cross section smaller than the cross section of each region of the opening.
  • the channel extends, for example, through the plug body with inlet and outlet openings in the wall of the opening.
  • These gas passages each have a cross section which is smaller than the cross section of the opening.
  • the ratio is at least 1: 5 or at least 1:10, but it may also be higher.
  • the opening diameter is for example 15 to 30 mm and that of the gas channels with reduced cross-section between 2 and 7 mm.
  • the at least one gas channel which leads to the surface portion in the region of the second end of the body
  • this may be a single, discrete gas channel extending, for example, coaxially to the central longitudinal axis of the plug.
  • it can also be arranged several juxtaposed gas channels with a correspondingly small flow cross-section.
  • Another possibility is to do so said nose portion (the second end) of the plug at least partially with an undirected porosity, that is, the gas does not flow linearly from the opening to the plug surface, as in a channel, but zigzagged according to the open porosity in this end portion of the plug.
  • the plug according to FIG. 3 consists of a refractory ceramic body 10.
  • an opening 16 extends from a first end 12 to a second end 14 and thus from a supply region 22 for a treatment gas to a connection region 24 with a bottom 26th
  • a gas channel 18 extends to the surface portion 20 of the body 10 in the region of the second end 14.
  • the gas channel 18 has a cross-sectional area which is about 1/10 of the cross-sectional area of the opening 16.
  • a filler 30 is provided which forms a portion through which the opening 16 is divided into an upper portion 32 and a lower portion 34.
  • the filler body 30 extends over the entire cross-sectional area of the opening 16 and has a central passage opening 36 which connects the sections 32, 34 with each other.
  • the flow cross section of the passage opening 36 is clear smaller than the cross section of the opening 16.
  • the section 30 forms a kind Restrictor.
  • the plug is formed with a device 40 that includes a gas line 42 and a pressure gauge 44.
  • the gas conduit 42 extends from a wall 38 of the region 34, then extends toward the first end 12 through the body 10, and then exits the body 10 to the outside and continues in a gas conduit leading to the manometer 44.
  • the gas pressure in the region 34 of the plug can be measured continuously.
  • a signal can be generated via a corresponding computer program in order to raise or lower the plug relative to the spout and to regulate the flow rate of the melt.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 4 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 3 in that the section (filling body) 30 completely separates the section 32 from the section 34 in terms of flow technology.
  • the gas flows in this case from the region 32 via a bypass 36 'within the body 10 in the region 34, wherein the flow cross-section of the bypass 36' about that of the gas passage 36 in the embodiment after FIG. 3 equivalent.
  • a membrane manometer 44 ' is arranged, which is part of the device for measuring the gas pressure in the region 34.
  • the membrane manometer 44 ' comprises a high-temperature-resistant, gas-permeable metal membrane, which bulges differently depending on the gas pressure.
  • the thereby accomplished path change is via a measuring line 42 'in an evaluation 46 and converted into corresponding gas pressure values. As described, the respective value gives the steelworker an indication to throttle or increase the flow rate of the molten steel in order not to enter the critical zone ( FIG. 2 ) get.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 5 basically corresponds to the according DE 10 2005 029 033 B4 with the proviso that in the, here very small area 34 between portion (packing) 30 and bottom 26, an electronic pressure gauge 44 "is arranged, from which a measuring line 42" leads to an evaluation unit 46, wherein the measuring line 42 partially through the Body 10 of the plug extends.
  • the pressure gauge 44 or the evaluation units 46 are arranged in a region in which the temperatures are as low as possible, ie outside the molten bath.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Spark Plugs (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
  • Fireproofing Substances (AREA)

Abstract

The refractory ceramic stopper comprises a rod-like body (10) with a first end (12) and a second end (14), a sac-like opening of a feeding area extending from the first end of the body up to a connecting area (24) with a base (26) in an axial direction of the body, and a gas channel (18) running from the connecting area of the opening up to a surface section of the body in the area of its second end, where the gas channel has a cross-sectional area that is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the opening. A section is provided along the opening and has a flow cross-section. The refractory ceramic stopper comprises a rod-like body (10) with a first end (12) and a second end (14), a sac-like opening of a feeding area extending from the first end of the body up to a connecting area (24) with a base (26) in an axial direction of the body, and a gas channel (18) running from the connecting area of the opening up to a surface section of the body in the area of its second end, where the gas channel has a cross-sectional area that is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the opening. A section, through which the gas conveyed from the feeding area to the connecting area is guided, is provided along the opening and has a flow cross-section that is smaller than that of the opening. A measuring device is arranged or connected in the area between the base and the section adjacent to the base for measuring the gas pressure in the area. The gas channel coaxially runs to the opening. The section of the stopper lies in the opening, and is formed from a filling body stationarily arranged in the opening, where a gas passage freely remains between the filling body and a corresponding wall of the opening. The filling body extends over the entire cross-section of the opening, where the gas passage runs through the filling body, which conducts the flowing gas in direction to the connecting area of the opening. The opening divides into two sections in the axial direction. The channel connects one section of the opening with the other section of the opening and has a cross-section that is smaller than the cross-section of the sections of the opening. The measuring device comprises a membrane manometer, and a measuring channel, which connects the connecting area of the opening with an electronic pressure measuring device. The measuring channel guides from the connecting area through the body in direction of its first end in a section-wise manner. The pressure measuring device is arranged in the connecting area.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen feuerfesten keramischen Stopfen zur Regelung einer vorbeiströmenden Metallschmelze im Bereich einer Auslassöffnung eines metallurgischen Schmelzgefäßes, beispielsweise eines Tundish.The invention relates to a refractory ceramic plug for controlling a flowing molten metal in the region of an outlet opening of a metallurgical melting vessel, for example a tundish.

Ein solcher Stopfen, wie er aus den Schriften EP 0 396 111 A2 und WO 2005/042183 A allgemein bekannt ist, kann wie folgt aufgebaut sein: Er weist einen stabförmigen Körper mit einem ersten Ende und einem zweiten Ende auf, wobei der Körper aus mindestens einem feuerfesten keramischen Werkstoff besteht. Stabförmig ist im technischen Sinne zu verstehen, das heißt, die Länge des Körpers ist sehr viel größer als sein Durchmesser/ seine Breite. Vom ersten Ende des Körpers erstreckt sich eine sackartige Öffnung in Axialrichtung des Körpers auf das zweite Ende hin, wobei diese Öffnung bis zu einem Anschlussbereich mit einem Boden reicht und der Anschlussbereich vor dem zweiten Ende des Körpers endet. Am ersten Ende des Körpers ist ein so genannter Zuführbereich vorgesehen, weil hier ein Behandlungsgas, insbesondere ein Inertgas, wie Argon, in die Öffnung des Stopfens eingeleitet wird.Such a plug, as he from the writings EP 0 396 111 A2 and WO 2005/042183 A is generally known, may be constructed as follows: It comprises a rod-shaped body having a first end and a second end, wherein the body consists of at least one refractory ceramic material. Rod-shaped is to be understood in the technical sense, that is, the length of the body is much larger than its diameter / its width. From the first end of the body, a bag-like opening extends in the axial direction of the body toward the second end, this opening extending to a connection region with a bottom and the connection region ending in front of the second end of the body. At the first end of the body, a so-called feed area is provided, because here a treatment gas, in particular an inert gas, such as argon, is introduced into the opening of the plug.

Um das Gas, welches die Öffnung durchströmt, aus dem Bereich des zweiten Endes des Körpers in eine Metallschmelze einzuleiten, verläuft vom Anschlussbereich der Öffnung mindestens ein Gaskanal bis zu einem Oberflächenabschnitt des Körpers im Bereich seines zweiten Endes. Dieser Gaskanal hat eine Querschnittsfläche, die kleiner ist als die Querschnittsfläche der Öffnung.In order to introduce the gas, which flows through the opening, from the region of the second end of the body into a molten metal, at least one gas channel extends from the connection region of the opening to a surface section of the body in the region of its second end. This gas channel has a cross-sectional area which is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the opening.

Der Stopfen wird unmittelbar im Ausgussbereich des metallurgischen Schmelzgefäßes angeordnet, und zwar in vertikaler Ausrichtung mit dem ersten Ende oben und dem zweiten Ende unten, dem Ausguss benachbart. Durch Heben und Senken des Stopfens kann ein Ringkanal gegenüber dem Ausguss vergrößert oder verkleinert werden, um die Menge der hindurch geführten/vorbeiströmenden Metallschmelze zu regeln.The plug is placed immediately in the spout area of the metallurgical crucible, in vertical alignment with the first end at the top and the second end at the bottom, adjacent the spout. By raising and lowering the plug, an annular channel opposite the spout can be enlarged or reduced to control the amount of molten metal passing through it.

Figur 1 zeigt eine solche bekannte Anordnung, wobei der Stopfen das Bezugszeichen 10 und ein zugehöriger Ausguss das Bezugszeichen 50 trägt. Das dargestellte untere (zweite) Ende 14 des Stopfens 10 befindet sich in leicht angehobener Stellung, so dass zwischen Stopfen 10 und Ausguss 50 ein Ringkanal ausgebildet wird, durch den Schmelze S aus einem nicht dargestellten Tundish in den Ausguss 50 und von dort in nachgeordnete Einrichtungen fließen kann. FIG. 1 shows such a known arrangement, wherein the plug 10 and a corresponding spout carries the reference numeral 50. The illustrated lower (second) end 14 of the plug 10 is in a slightly raised position, so that between the plug 10 and spout 50 an annular channel is formed by the melt S from a tundish, not shown in the spout 50 and from there into downstream facilities can flow.

Das Behandlungsgas, welches über die Öffnung 16 zugeführt und von dort in Pfeilrichtung G in den Gaskanal 18 geleitet wird, der koaxial zur Mittenlängsachse M des stopfenförmigen Körpers 10 verläuft, verlässt den Stopfen 10 im Bereich einer Ausgussöffnung 20 am untersten Teil des zweiten Endes 14 und strömt von dort in die Schmelze S.The treatment gas, which is supplied via the opening 16 and passed from there in the direction of arrow G in the gas channel 18, which is coaxial with the central longitudinal axis M of the plug-shaped body 10, leaves the plug 10 in the region of a spout opening 20 at the lowermost part of the second end 14 and flows from there into the melt S.

Zum Heben und Senken des Stopfens 10 ist es bekannt, im Bereich der Öffnung 16 ein Metallgestänge zu befestigen, welches mit seinem aus dem Stopfen 16 nach oben vorstehenden Abschnitt an einer entsprechenden Hubeinrichtung befestigt ist.For lifting and lowering of the plug 10, it is known to fasten in the region of the opening 16, a metal linkage, which is fastened with its from the plug 16 upwardly projecting portion on a corresponding lifting device.

Soweit im Rahmen dieser Anmeldung von oben und unten gesprochen wird, beziehen sich diese Angaben auf die Funktionsposition des Stopfens 10.As far as is spoken in the context of this application from above and below, this information refers to the functional position of the plug 10th

Ein Regelventil der dargestellten Art wird seit langem eingesetzt. Es hat sich jedoch herausgestellt, dass es im Betrieb immer wieder zu Unregelmäßigkeiten im Strömungsverhalten der Schmelze kommt.A control valve of the type shown has long been used. However, it has been found that irregularities in the flow behavior of the melt occur again and again during operation.

Dies hängt unter anderem mit dem Transport und der Zuführung des Gases zusammen.This is inter alia with the transport and the supply of the gas.

Aus der DE 10 2005 029 033 B4 ist ein Verschlussstopfen mit den Merkmalen 1.1 bis 1.5 des Hauptanspruchs bekannt, bei dem sich ein Füllkörper über einen Teil der Öffnung - in Axialrichtung des Körpers betrachtet - erstreckt, wobei durch den Füllkörper oder zwischen Füllkörper und Körper mindestens ein Gaskanal in Axialrichtung des Füllkörpers verläuft, parallel zur Mittenlängsachse des Verschlussstopfens oder spiral-, schraubenlinien- oder mäanderförmig oder gewindeartig, der die Öffnung mit dem Gaskanal strömungstechnisch verbindet, der das Gas an die Oberfläche des zweiten Endes des Stopfens transportiert.From the DE 10 2005 029 033 B4 is a closure plug having the features 1.1 to 1.5 of the main claim, in which a filler over a portion of the opening - viewed in the axial direction of the body - extends, wherein at least one gas passage in the axial direction of the filler body passes through the filler body or between filler and body, parallel to the central longitudinal axis of the sealing plug or spiral, helical or meandering or thread-like, which fluidly connects the opening to the gas channel, which transports the gas to the surface of the second end of the plug.

Auf diese Weise wird ein Mittel zur Einstellung des Gas-Strömungswiderstandes geschaffen.In this way, a means for adjusting the gas flow resistance is provided.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen gattungsgemäßen Stopfen insoweit zu optimieren, dass auch bei unterschiedlicher Positionierung des Stopfens gegenüber dem Ausguss ein kontrollierter Schmelzefluss erreicht wird.The invention has for its object to optimize a generic plug so far that even with different positioning of the plug relative to the spout a controlled melt flow is achieved.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe liegt der Erfindung folgende Erkenntnis zugrunde:

  • In Figur 2 ist die Durchflussrate (m3/h) auf der Abszisse gegenüber der Spaltbreite zwischen dem zweiten Ende (der Nase) eines Stopfens und dem zugehörigen Ausguss auf der Ordinate aufgetragen, und zwar für eine Einrichtung entsprechend Figur 1.
To solve this problem, the invention is based on the following finding:
  • In FIG. 2 For example, the flow rate (m 3 / h) is plotted on the abscissa versus the gap width between the second end (nose) of a plug and the associated spout on the ordinate, corresponding to one device FIG. 1 ,

Die gestrichelte Linie charakterisiert schematisch die Abhängigkeit bei einem Anwendungsfall, bei dem kein Gas strömt, während die geschlossene Linie die Abhängigkeit der beiden Kenngrößen unter Gaszufuhr charakterisiert.The dashed line schematically characterizes the dependence in an application in which no gas flows, while the closed line characterizes the dependence of the two parameters under gas supply.

Während ohne Gas eine nahezu lineare Abhängigkeit zwischen der Öffnungsweite und der hindurch geführten Schmelzemenge besteht, ist eine auffällige Unstetigkeit im Fall der Zuleitung eines Behandlungsgases zu erkennen. In diesem Unstetigkeitsbereich kommt es zu Gießstörungen mit möglichen Fehlern am Endprodukt.While there is a nearly linear dependence between the opening width and the amount of melt passed through without gas, a noticeable discontinuity in the case of the supply of a treatment gas can be seen. In this discontinuity there are casting defects with possible errors in the final product.

Während bei geringer Öffnungsweite wiederum eine nahezu lineare Abhängigkeit zur korrespondierenden Schmelzemenge besteht, kommt es in dem dunkel unterlegten Bereich zu Unstetigkeiten. An diesen Unstetigkeitsbereich schließt sich wiederum ein nahezu linearer Verlauf an. Die links der Unstetigkeitsstelle dargestellte Strömung wird als Propfenströmung (slug flow) und die rechts der Unstetigkeitsstelle dargestellte Strömung als Blasenströmung (bubbly flow) bezeichnet.While, in the case of a small opening width, there is again a virtually linear dependence on the corresponding amount of melt, discontinuities occur in the darkly shaded area. This discontinuity range is again followed by a nearly linear course. The flow shown on the left of the point of discontinuity is called the slug flow, and the flow on the right of the discontinuity is called bubbly flow.

Es ist offensichtlich, dass eine Stranggießanlage nur dann optimal betrieben werden kann, wenn man außerhalb des in Figur 2 dargestellten Unstetigkeitsbereiches liegt. Nur dann kann durch Veränderung der Spaltweite eine gezielte Veränderung der Schmelzeflusses hinsichtlich Menge und Strömungsverlauf erreicht werden.It is obvious that a continuous caster can only be operated optimally if it is outside the in FIG. 2 Unstetigkeitsbereiches is shown. Only then can a targeted change in the melt flow in terms of quantity and flow profile be achieved by changing the gap width.

An dieser Stelle greift der Erfindungsgedanke ein.At this point, the idea of the invention intervenes.

Ein erfindungsgemäßer feuerfester keramischer Stopfen zur Regelung einer vorbeiströmenden Metallschmelze weist folgende Merkmale auf:

  • einen stabförmigen Körper mit einem ersten Ende und einem zweiten Ende,
  • vom ersten Ende des Körpers erstreckt sich eine sackartige Öffnung von einem Zuführbereich in Axialrichtung des Körpers bis zu einem Anschlussbereich mit einem Boden,
  • vom Anschlussbereich der Öffnung verläuft mindestens ein Gaskanal bis zu einem Oberflächenabschnitt des Körpers im Bereich eines zweiten Endes,
  • der Gaskanal hat eine Querschnittsfläche, die kleiner ist als die Querschnittsfläche der Öffnung,
  • entlang der Öffnung ist mindestens ein Abschnitt vorgesehen, durch den ein vom Zuführbereich zum Anschlussbereich gefördertes Gas zwangsweise hindurchgeführt wird, wobei der Abschnitt einen wirksamen Strömungsquerschnitt aufweist, der kleiner ist als der der Öffnung,
  • im Bereich der Öffnung zwischen dem Boden und dem dem Boden benachbarten Abschnitt ist eine Einrichtung zur Messung des Gasdrucks in diesem Bereich angeordnet oder angeschlossen.
A refractory ceramic plug according to the invention for controlling a passing molten metal has the following features:
  • a rod-shaped body having a first end and a second end,
  • from the first end of the body, a bag-like opening extends from a supply area in the axial direction of the body to a connection area with a floor,
  • from the connection region of the opening extends at least one gas channel up to a surface portion of the body in the region of a second end,
  • the gas channel has a cross-sectional area which is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the opening,
  • at least one section is provided along the opening, through which a gas conveyed from the feed region to the connection region is forcibly passed, the section having an effective flow cross-section which is smaller than that of the opening,
  • in the region of the opening between the bottom and the section adjacent to the bottom, a device for measuring the gas pressure in this area is arranged or connected.

Der genannte Abschnitt hat eine so genannte Restrictor-Funktion, wie sie grundsätzlich aus der bereits erwähnten DE 10 2005 029 033 B4 bekannt ist. Während oberhalb dieses Abschnitts ein relativ geringer Gasdruck herrscht, führt der verminderte Strömungsquerschnitt für das Gas im Bereich des Abschnittes zu einer deutlichen Erhöhung des Gasdrucks und der Gasgeschwindigkeit, die sich im Anschluss daran bei vergrößertem Strömungsquerschnitt wieder verringern.The said section has a so-called Restrictor function, as it basically from the already mentioned DE 10 2005 029 033 B4 known is. While there is a relatively low gas pressure above this section, the reduced flow cross section for the gas in the region of the section leads to a significant increase in the gas pressure and the gas velocity, which subsequently decrease again with an increased flow cross section.

Durch die vorbeiströmende Metallschmelze entstehen je nach Öffnungsweite zwischen Stopfen und Ausguss unterschiedliche Druckverhältnisse in der Schmelze, wodurch ein unterschiedlicher Unterdruck auf das zugeführte Gas einwirkt.Depending on the opening width between the plug and the spout, different pressure conditions in the melt arise as a result of the molten metal flowing past, as a result of which a different negative pressure acts on the supplied gas.

Mit der Einrichtung zur Messung des Gasdrucks im Anschlussbereich der Öffnung kann mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Stopfen der exakte Druck des Gases, welches den Stopfen verlässt, zu jeder Zeit festgestellt werden. Entsprechend kann in Kenntnis dieser Druck-Messgröße die Spaltweite zwischen Stopfen und Ausguss so geregelt werden, dass der Gießvorgang außerhalb des Unstetigkeitsbereiches, wie in Figur 2 dargestellt, erfolgt.With the device for measuring the gas pressure in the connection region of the opening can be determined at any time with a plug according to the invention, the exact pressure of the gas leaving the plug. Accordingly, in knowledge of this pressure measurement variable, the gap width between plug and spout can be controlled so that the casting process outside the discontinuity range, as in FIG. 2 shown, takes place.

Dies soll an einem Beispiel erläutert werden: Beim Gießen wird regelmäßig eine Blasenströmung angestrebt. Dazu werden Stopfen und Ausguss in Abhängigkeit von der Menge und dem Druck des zugeführten Gases in entsprechender Weise zueinander angeordnet. Muss zum Beispiel betriebsbedingt die Gießleistung reduziert werden oder reduziert sie sich durch metallurgische Einflüsse wie Ansatzbildung in einem Tauchrohr, welches dem Ausguss strömungstechnisch folgt, besteht die Gefahr, dass man in den Unstetigkeitsbereich gelangt und trotz Verringerung der Spaltbreite zwischen Stopfen und Ausguss die Gießmenge erhöht wird. Dieser Fall wird durch Druckschwankungen im Anschlussbereich des Stopfens angezeigt, weil zuviel Gas in den reduzierten Schmelzefluss gelangt. Dieses Phänomen wird nun zur Früherkennung des veränderten Strömungsbildes herangezogen. Durch Reduzierung des Gasdrucks im Anschlussbereich senkt sich der Stopfen etwas in Richtung auf den Ausguss, die Spaltbreite verringert sich und der Schmelzestrom sinkt, wie gewünscht.This will be explained by an example: During casting, a bubble flow is regularly sought. For this purpose, plug and spout are arranged in a corresponding manner to each other depending on the amount and the pressure of the supplied gas. If, for example, the casting performance has to be reduced due to operational reasons or if it is reduced by metallurgical influences such as buildup in a dip tube, which follows the pouring fluidically, there is a risk that it will enter the discontinuity zone and increase the casting volume despite reducing the gap width between the stopper and the spout , This case is indicated by pressure fluctuations in the connection area of the plug because too much gas enters the reduced melt flow. This phenomenon is now used for the early detection of the changed flow pattern. By reducing the gas pressure in the connection area, the plug lowers slightly in the direction of the Spout, the gap width decreases and the melt flow decreases as desired.

Die Einrichtung zur Messung des Gasdrucks kann direkt in dem genannten Bereich der Öffnung angeordnet werden, beispielsweise in Form eines Manometers, insbesondere eines elektronischen Druckmessgerätes, welches den dort herrschenden Temperaturen (ca. 1.500 bis 1.600° C) standhält. Die Übertragung der Druck-Messwerte an eine Auswerteeinheit kann über temperaturbeständige Kabel oder drahtlos, zum Beispiel per Funk erfolgen.The device for measuring the gas pressure can be arranged directly in said region of the opening, for example in the form of a manometer, in particular an electronic pressure gauge, which withstands the temperatures prevailing there (about 1,500 to 1,600 ° C). The transmission of the pressure measured values to an evaluation unit can take place via temperature-resistant cables or wirelessly, for example by radio.

Aufgrund dieser hohen Temperaturen und des nur geringen Raumes, der im Öffnungsbereich zur Anordnung des Messgerätes zur Verfügung steht, sieht eine alternative Ausführungsform der Erfindung vor, im Bereich der Öffnung zwischen dem Boden und dem dem Boden benachbarten Abschnitt einen Messkanal anzuordnen, der den Anschlussbereich der Öffnung mit einem Druckmessgerät verbindet. Auf diese Weise kann das eigentliche Druckmessgerät auch außerhalb des Stopfens angeordnet werden, insbesondere in einem Bereich, bei dem geringere Umgebungstemperaturen herrschen, also beispielsweise im Bereich der genannten Hubeinrichtung zum Heben und Senken des Stopfens. Im Messkanal herrscht der gleiche Gasdruck wie im Anschlussbereich der Öffnung, so dass dieser exakt gemessen werden kann.Because of these high temperatures and the small space available in the opening area for the arrangement of the measuring device, provides an alternative embodiment of the invention, in the region of the opening between the bottom and the floor adjacent portion to arrange a measuring channel, the connection area of the Opening connects with a pressure gauge. In this way, the actual pressure gauge can also be arranged outside the plug, in particular in a region in which lower ambient temperatures prevail, that is, for example, in the region of said lifting device for raising and lowering the plug. The same gas pressure prevails in the measuring channel as in the connection area of the opening so that it can be measured exactly.

Dabei kann der Messkanal vom Anschlussbereich der Öffnung zumindest abschnittweise durch den Körper in Richtung auf dessen erstes Ende führen. Der Messkanal wird dann beispielsweise oberhalb des Schmelzbades aus dem Körper herausgeführt und über eine Anschlussleitung zum Druckmessgerät geführt.In this case, the measuring channel from the connection region of the opening at least partially lead through the body in the direction of the first end. The measuring channel is then led out of the body, for example, above the molten bath and guided via a connecting line to the pressure measuring device.

Der genannte Restrictor-Abschnitt lässt sich auf unterschiedliche Art und Weise ausbilden. Eine Möglichkeit ist, den Abschnitt in der Öffnung selbst anzuordnen. Dazu kann der Abschnitt von einem in der Öffnung stationär angeordneten Füllkörper gebildet werden, wobei mindestens ein Gasdurchlass zwischen dem Füllkörper und einer korrespondierenden Wand der Öffnung frei bleibt.The mentioned Restrictor section can be formed in different ways. One possibility is to arrange the section in the opening itself. For this, the section may be stationary by one in the opening arranged filling body are formed, wherein at least one gas passage between the filler body and a corresponding wall of the opening remains free.

Nach einer alternativen Ausführungsform wird der Abschnitt von einem in der Öffnung stationär angeordneten Füllkörper gebildet, der sich über den gesamten Querschnitt der Öffnung erstreckt, wobei mindestens ein Gasdurchlass durch den Füllkörper verläuft, der ein hindurchströmendes Gas in Richtung auf den Anschlussbereich der Öffnung leitet.According to an alternative embodiment, the portion is formed by a packing arranged in a stationary manner in the opening, which extends over the entire cross-section of the opening, wherein at least one gas passage extends through the packing, which directs a gas flowing therethrough in the direction of the connection area of the opening.

Eine weitere Möglichkeit, den Abschnitt auszubilden, besteht in einem Füllkörper, der sich über den gesamten Querschnitt der Öffnung erstreckt und die Öffnung in Axialrichtung in zwei Bereiche teilt, sowie mit einem Kanal, der den einen Bereich der Öffnung mit dem anderen Bereich der Öffnung verbindet und einen Querschnitt aufweist, der kleiner ist als der Querschnitt jedes Bereiches der Öffnung. Der Kanal verläuft beispielsweise durch den Stopfenkörper mit Eingangs- und Ausgangsöffnung in der Wand der Öffnung.Another way to form the section consists of a filling body which extends over the entire cross-section of the opening and divides the opening into two areas in the axial direction, and with a channel which connects one area of the opening with the other area of the opening and a cross section smaller than the cross section of each region of the opening. The channel extends, for example, through the plug body with inlet and outlet openings in the wall of the opening.

Diese Gasdurchlässe weisen jeweils einen Querschnitt auf, der kleiner ist als der Querschnitt der Öffnung. Beispielsweise beträgt das Verhältnis mindestens 1 : 5 oder mindestens 1 : 10, es kann aber auch darüber liegen. Absolut beträgt der Öffnungsdurchmesser zum Beispiel 15 bis 30mm und der der Gaskanäle mit verringertem Querschnitt zwischen 2 und 7mm.These gas passages each have a cross section which is smaller than the cross section of the opening. For example, the ratio is at least 1: 5 or at least 1:10, but it may also be higher. In absolute terms, the opening diameter is for example 15 to 30 mm and that of the gas channels with reduced cross-section between 2 and 7 mm.

Für den mindestens einen Gaskanal, der zum Oberflächenabschnitt im Bereich des zweiten Endes des Körpers führt, gilt, dass dies ein einzelner, diskreter Gaskanal sein kann, der beispielsweise koaxial zur Mittenlängsachse des Stopfens verläuft. Es können aber auch mehrere, nebeneinander angeordnete Gaskanäle mit entsprechend kleinem Strömungsquerschnitt angeordnet werden. Eine weitere Möglichkeit besteht darin, den so genannten Nasenabschnitt (das zweite Ende) des Stopfens zumindest teilweise mit einer ungerichteten Porosität auszubilden, das heißt, dass das Gas nicht linear von der Öffnung zur Stopfenoberfläche strömt, wie in einem Kanal, sondern zickzackartig entsprechend der offenen Porosität in diesem Endabschnitt des Stopfens.For the at least one gas channel, which leads to the surface portion in the region of the second end of the body, it is true that this may be a single, discrete gas channel extending, for example, coaxially to the central longitudinal axis of the plug. But it can also be arranged several juxtaposed gas channels with a correspondingly small flow cross-section. Another possibility is to do so said nose portion (the second end) of the plug at least partially with an undirected porosity, that is, the gas does not flow linearly from the opening to the plug surface, as in a channel, but zigzagged according to the open porosity in this end portion of the plug.

Weitere Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Merkmalen der Unteransprüche sowie den sonstigen Anmeldungsunterlagen.Other features of the invention will become apparent from the features of the claims and the other application documents.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand von drei Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Dabei sind jeweils in schematisierter Darstellung Längsschnitte durch Ausführungsformen eines erfindungsgemäßen Stopfens dargestellt. Gleiche oder gleich wirkende Bauteile werden durch gleiche Bezugsziffern erläutert.The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to three exemplary embodiments. In each case, longitudinal sections through embodiments of a plug according to the invention are shown in a schematic representation. The same or equivalent components are explained by the same reference numerals.

Der Stopfen gemäß Figur 3 besteht aus einem feuerfesten keramischen Körper 10. In Axialrichtung des Stopfens verläuft eine Öffnung 16 von einem ersten Ende 12 bis zu einem zweiten Ende 14 und damit von einem Zuführbereich 22 für ein Behandlungsgas bis zu einem Anschlussbereich 24 mit einem Boden 26.The plug according to FIG. 3 consists of a refractory ceramic body 10. In the axial direction of the plug, an opening 16 extends from a first end 12 to a second end 14 and thus from a supply region 22 for a treatment gas to a connection region 24 with a bottom 26th

Vom Anschlussbereich 24 der Öffnung 16 verläuft ein Gaskanal 18 bis zum Oberflächenabschnitt 20 des Körpers 10 im Bereich des zweiten Endes 14. Der Gaskanal 18 hat eine Querschnittsfläche, die etwa 1/10 der Querschnittsfläche der Öffnung 16 beträgt.From the connection region 24 of the opening 16, a gas channel 18 extends to the surface portion 20 of the body 10 in the region of the second end 14. The gas channel 18 has a cross-sectional area which is about 1/10 of the cross-sectional area of the opening 16.

Entlang der Öffnung 16 ist ein Füllkörper 30 vorgesehen, der einen Abschnitt bildet, durch den die Öffnung 16 in einen oberen Bereich 32 und einen unteren Bereich 34 unterteilt wird. Der Füllkörper 30 erstreckt sich über die gesamte Querschnittsfläche der Öffnung 16 und weist eine mittige Durchgangsöffnung 36 auf, die die Abschnitte 32, 34 miteinander verbindet. Der Strömungsquerschnitt der Durchgangsöffnung 36 ist deutlich kleiner als der Querschnitt der Öffnung 16. Der Abschnitt 30 bildet eine Art Restrictor.Along the opening 16, a filler 30 is provided which forms a portion through which the opening 16 is divided into an upper portion 32 and a lower portion 34. The filler body 30 extends over the entire cross-sectional area of the opening 16 and has a central passage opening 36 which connects the sections 32, 34 with each other. The flow cross section of the passage opening 36 is clear smaller than the cross section of the opening 16. The section 30 forms a kind Restrictor.

Der Stopfen ist mit einer Einrichtung 40 ausgebildet, die eine Gasleitung 42 und ein Manometer 44 umfasst. Die Gasleitung 42 erstreckt sich von einer Wand 38 des Bereiches 34, verläuft dann in Richtung auf das erste Ende 12 durch den Körper 10, um dann den Körper 10 nach außen zu verlassen und sich in einer Gasleitung fortzusetzen, die bis zum Manometer 44 führt.The plug is formed with a device 40 that includes a gas line 42 and a pressure gauge 44. The gas conduit 42 extends from a wall 38 of the region 34, then extends toward the first end 12 through the body 10, and then exits the body 10 to the outside and continues in a gas conduit leading to the manometer 44.

Mit dem Manometer 44 lässt sich der Gasdruck im Bereich 34 des Stopfens, also in dem Bereich unterhalb des Füllkörpers 30, kontinuierlich messen. Je nachdem, ob der im jeweiligen Anwendungsfall gemessene Gasdruck zu hoch oder zu niedrig ist, kann über ein entsprechendes Rechenprogramm ein Signal erzeugt werden, um den Stopfen gegenüber dem Ausguss anzuheben oder abzusenken und die Strömungsmenge der Schmelze zu regulieren.With the manometer 44, the gas pressure in the region 34 of the plug, so in the region below the packing 30, can be measured continuously. Depending on whether the gas pressure measured in the respective application is too high or too low, a signal can be generated via a corresponding computer program in order to raise or lower the plug relative to the spout and to regulate the flow rate of the melt.

Das Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 4 unterscheidet sich vom Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 3 dadurch, dass der Abschnitt (Füllkörper) 30 den Abschnitt 32 strömungstechnisch vollständig vom Abschnitt 34 trennt. Das Gas strömt in diesem Fall vom Bereich 32 über einen Bypass 36' innerhalb des Körpers 10 in den Bereich 34, wobei der Strömungsquerschnitt des Bypasses 36' etwa dem des Gasdurchlasses 36 beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 3 entspricht.The embodiment according to FIG. 4 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 3 in that the section (filling body) 30 completely separates the section 32 from the section 34 in terms of flow technology. The gas flows in this case from the region 32 via a bypass 36 'within the body 10 in the region 34, wherein the flow cross-section of the bypass 36' about that of the gas passage 36 in the embodiment after FIG. 3 equivalent.

Im Bereich 34, also zwischen dem Boden 26 und dem Abschnitt 30 ist ein Membranmanometer 44' angeordnet, welches Bestandteil der Einrichtung zur Messung des Gasdrucks im Bereich 34 ist. Das Membranmanometer 44' umfasst eine hochtemperaturbeständige, gasdurchlässige Metallmembran, die sich je nach Gasdruck unterschiedlich aufwölbt. Die dabei vollzogene Wegveränderung wird über eine Messleitung 42' in einer Auswerteeinheit 46 erfasst und in entsprechende Gas-Druckwerte umgerechnet. Wie beschrieben gibt der jeweilige Wert dem Stahlwerker einen Hinweis, die Strömungsmenge der Stahlschmelze zu drosseln oder zu erhöhen, um nicht in die kritische Zone (Figur 2) zu kommen.In region 34, that is, between the bottom 26 and the section 30, a membrane manometer 44 'is arranged, which is part of the device for measuring the gas pressure in the region 34. The membrane manometer 44 'comprises a high-temperature-resistant, gas-permeable metal membrane, which bulges differently depending on the gas pressure. The thereby accomplished path change is via a measuring line 42 'in an evaluation 46 and converted into corresponding gas pressure values. As described, the respective value gives the steelworker an indication to throttle or increase the flow rate of the molten steel in order not to enter the critical zone ( FIG. 2 ) get.

Die Ausführungsform nach Figur 5 entspricht grundsätzlich der gemäß DE 10 2005 029 033 B4 mit der Maßgabe, dass in dem, hier sehr kleinen Bereich 34 zwischen Abschnitt (Füllkörper) 30 und Boden 26 ein elektronisches Druckmessgerät 44" angeordnet ist, von dem eine Messleitung 42" zu einer Auswerteeinheit 46 führt, wobei sich die Messleitung 42 teilweise durch den Körper 10 des Stopfens erstreckt.The embodiment according to FIG. 5 basically corresponds to the according DE 10 2005 029 033 B4 with the proviso that in the, here very small area 34 between portion (packing) 30 and bottom 26, an electronic pressure gauge 44 "is arranged, from which a measuring line 42" leads to an evaluation unit 46, wherein the measuring line 42 partially through the Body 10 of the plug extends.

Anstelle der Übertragung der Messwerte per Kabel kann auch eine drahtlose Übermittlung zum Beispiel per Funk vorgesehen werden.Instead of transmitting the measured values by cable, it is also possible to provide wireless transmission, for example by radio.

Es ist selbstverständlich, dass das Manometer 44 beziehungsweise die Auswerteeinheiten 46 in einem Bereich angeordnet werden, bei dem möglichst geringe Temperaturen herrschen, also außerhalb des Schmelzbades. It goes without saying that the pressure gauge 44 or the evaluation units 46 are arranged in a region in which the temperatures are as low as possible, ie outside the molten bath.

Claims (12)

  1. A refractory ceramic plug for controlling a metal melt flow, with the following features:
    1.1 a rod-shaped body (10) with a first end (12) and a second end (14),
    1.2 from the first end (12) of the body (10) a blind opening (16) extends from a feeding region (22) in axial direction of the body (10) as far as to a connecting region (24) with a base (26),
    1.3 from the connecting region (24) of the opening (16) at least one gas channel (18) runs as far as to a surface section (20) of the body (10) in the region of its second end (14),
    1.4 the gas channel (18) has a cross-sectional area that is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the opening (16),
    1.5 along the opening (16) at least one section (30) is provided through which a gas delivered from the feeding region (22) to the connecting region (24) is forcibly fed, wherein the section (30) has an effective flow cross section that is smaller than that of the opening (16),
    characterized in that
    1.6 in the region of the opening (16) between the base (26) and the section (30) adjacent to the base (26) a device (40) for measuring the gas pressure in this region (34) is arranged or connected thereto.
  2. The plug according to Claim 1, with a gas channel (18) running coaxially to the opening (16).
  3. The plug according to Claim 1 whose section (30) lies within the opening (16).
  4. The plug according to Claim 1, whose section (30) is formed by a filler body stationarily arranged in the opening (16), wherein at least one gas passage between the filler body and a corresponding wall (38) of the opening (16) remains free.
  5. The plug according to Claim 1, whose section (30) is formed by a filler body stationarily arranged in the opening (16), which extends over the entire cross section of the opening (16) wherein at least one gas passage (36) runs through the filler body, through which a gas flows in the direction of the connecting region (24) of the opening (16).
  6. The plug according to Claim 1, with a filler body (30) which extends over the entire cross section of the opening (16) and divides the opening (16) in axial direction into two regions (32, 34), and with a channel (36'), which connects the one region (32) of the opening (16) with the other region (34) of the opening (16) and has a cross section that is smaller than the cross section of each region (32, 34) of the opening (16).
  7. The plug according to Claim 1, whose device (40) for the measurement of the gas pressure comprises a pressure gauge (44).
  8. The plug according to Claim 1, whose device (40) for the measurement of the gas pressure comprises a measuring channel (42) which connects the connecting region (34) of the opening (16) with a pressure measuring device (44).
  9. The plug according to Claim 8, whose measuring channel (42) leads from the connecting region (34) at least in sections through the body (10) in the direction of its first end (12).
  10. The plug according to Claim 1, whose device (40) for the measurement of the gas pressure comprises a pressure measuring device (44', 44") arranged in the connecting region (34).
  11. The plug according to Claim 1, whose device (40) for the measurement of the gas pressure comprises a diaphragm pressure gauge (44').
  12. The plug according to Claim 1, whose device (40) for the measurement of the gas pressure comprises an electronic pressure measuring device (44").
EP09004143A 2009-03-23 2009-03-23 Flame-retardant ceramic stops Not-in-force EP2233227B1 (en)

Priority Applications (11)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL09004143T PL2233227T3 (en) 2009-03-23 2009-03-23 Flame-retardant ceramic stops
AT09004143T ATE495840T1 (en) 2009-03-23 2009-03-23 FIREPROOF CERAMIC PLUG
DE502009000331T DE502009000331D1 (en) 2009-03-23 2009-03-23 Fireproof ceramic plug
EP09004143A EP2233227B1 (en) 2009-03-23 2009-03-23 Flame-retardant ceramic stops
BRPI1010013A BRPI1010013A2 (en) 2009-03-23 2010-02-13 refractory ceramic plug
US13/257,253 US20120001372A1 (en) 2009-03-23 2010-02-13 Refractory ceramic plug
MX2011009905A MX2011009905A (en) 2009-03-23 2010-02-13 Fireproof ceramic plug.
CN2010800177374A CN102413962A (en) 2009-03-23 2010-02-13 Fireproof ceramic plug
RU2011138684/02A RU2488461C2 (en) 2009-03-23 2010-02-13 Refractory ceramic plug
PCT/EP2010/000895 WO2010108572A1 (en) 2009-03-23 2010-02-13 Fireproof ceramic plug
TW099107981A TW201034772A (en) 2009-03-23 2010-03-18 Refractory ceramic plug

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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EP09004143A EP2233227B1 (en) 2009-03-23 2009-03-23 Flame-retardant ceramic stops

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EP2233227A1 EP2233227A1 (en) 2010-09-29
EP2233227B1 true EP2233227B1 (en) 2011-01-19

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EP (1) EP2233227B1 (en)
CN (1) CN102413962A (en)
AT (1) ATE495840T1 (en)
BR (1) BRPI1010013A2 (en)
DE (1) DE502009000331D1 (en)
MX (1) MX2011009905A (en)
PL (1) PL2233227T3 (en)
RU (1) RU2488461C2 (en)
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WO (1) WO2010108572A1 (en)

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ES2464149T3 (en) * 2012-04-16 2014-05-30 Refractory Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co. Kg Ceramic refractory cap
CN208322095U (en) * 2016-12-12 2019-01-04 维苏威集团有限公司 Fire resisting stopper
BR112021009697A2 (en) * 2018-12-25 2021-08-17 Krosakiharima Corporation cap and method for continuous casting
PL3705204T3 (en) 2019-03-08 2022-10-17 Refractory Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co. Kg A stopper rod and a method for providing a uniform gas curtain around a stopper rod
WO2024017662A1 (en) 2022-07-18 2024-01-25 Refractory Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co. Kg Stopper rod and method for inducing a rotational flow of a molten metal

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GB8411596D0 (en) * 1984-05-05 1984-06-13 Thor Ceramics Ltd Stopper
GB8910136D0 (en) * 1989-05-03 1989-06-21 British Steel Plc Controlling teeming streams
DE4142773A1 (en) * 1991-12-23 1993-06-24 Thyssen Stahl Ag PLUG FOR METALLURGICAL VESSELS
CN1267219C (en) * 2001-06-08 2006-08-02 维苏维尤斯·克鲁斯布公司 Stopper rod
US7198181B2 (en) * 2001-06-12 2007-04-03 Vesuvius Crucible Company Stopper for reliable gas injection
CN1301167C (en) * 2003-06-02 2007-02-21 北京科技大学 Method for generating small dispersed bubbles in molten steel in bakie
SE527477C2 (en) * 2003-11-04 2006-03-21 Mefos Metallurg Res I Ab Ways to detect slag blend
DE102005029033B4 (en) 2005-06-21 2007-10-11 Refractory Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co. Kg Stopper e.g. for metallurgical melting pot, has rod like shape made from fireproof ceramic material with first end extending axially to opening in direction of second end
CN100467165C (en) * 2006-04-14 2009-03-11 广东韶钢松山股份有限公司 Continuous casting tundish submerged nozzle baking method
ATE485909T1 (en) * 2008-11-19 2010-11-15 Refractory Intellectual Prop PLUG ROD

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RU2011138684A (en) 2013-03-27
RU2488461C2 (en) 2013-07-27
CN102413962A (en) 2012-04-11
WO2010108572A1 (en) 2010-09-30
ATE495840T1 (en) 2011-02-15
BRPI1010013A2 (en) 2016-04-19
DE502009000331D1 (en) 2011-03-03
PL2233227T3 (en) 2011-05-31
US20120001372A1 (en) 2012-01-05
MX2011009905A (en) 2012-01-20
EP2233227A1 (en) 2010-09-29
TW201034772A (en) 2010-10-01

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