EP2232045B1 - Fuel injection valve - Google Patents

Fuel injection valve Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2232045B1
EP2232045B1 EP08870377A EP08870377A EP2232045B1 EP 2232045 B1 EP2232045 B1 EP 2232045B1 EP 08870377 A EP08870377 A EP 08870377A EP 08870377 A EP08870377 A EP 08870377A EP 2232045 B1 EP2232045 B1 EP 2232045B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve
fuel injection
spring element
actuator
spring
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
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EP08870377A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2232045A1 (en
Inventor
Cetin Irmak
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication of EP2232045A1 publication Critical patent/EP2232045A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F02M47/027—Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/0603—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive operating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/167—Means for compensating clearance or thermal expansion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0031—Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/004—Sliding valves, e.g. spool valves, i.e. whereby the closing member has a sliding movement along a seat for opening and closing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel injection valve with a piezoelectric actuator. Specifically, the invention relates to the field of injectors for fuel injection systems of air compressing, self-igniting internal combustion engines.
  • an injector for fuel injection systems of internal combustion engines in particular direct injection diesel engines known.
  • a arranged in an injector piezoelectric actuator is provided, which is held on first spring means on the one hand with the injector body and on the other hand with a sleeve-like booster piston in abutment.
  • a nozzle body connected to the injector body and having a nozzle discharge opening is provided, in which a graduated nozzle needle is guided in an axially displaceable manner.
  • second spring means are arranged within the booster piston, which hold the nozzle needle in the closed position together with the injection pressure acting on the back of the nozzle needle.
  • a control chamber formed at a nozzle needle-side end of the booster piston communicates with a fuel supply under injection pressure one
  • Leak gap in connection wherein the nozzle needle is acted upon by the fuel located in the control chamber in the opening direction.
  • a control of the nozzle needle can be achieved by the piezoelectric actuator.
  • the from the DE 103 26 259 A1 known injector has the disadvantage that gaseous components, in particular air, which may be provided in the region of the booster piston, for example when starting the internal combustion engine, affect the performance for at least a certain start time. This can lead to problems when starting the internal combustion engine, especially after longer periods.
  • a fuel injection valve according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from DE-A-102005059437 known.
  • the fuel injection valve according to the invention with the features of claim 1 has the advantage that a reliable operation is possible even in a start-up phase or after longer periods. Specifically, the reliability of the fuel injection valve and thus an internal combustion engine having such a fuel injection valve can be improved.
  • valve sleeve has a support cap and that the actuator within the valve sleeve is arranged and supported from the inside to the support cap.
  • valve piece is provided, which rests against the second side of the throttle plate, and that the valve piece is partially surrounded circumferentially of the valve sleeve. It is also advantageous that between the valve piece and the valve sleeve, an annular second control chamber is formed, in which the extended through the valve piece outlet throttle opens.
  • the second spring element is arranged together with the piezoelectric actuator within the valve sleeve, wherein the second spring element is supported on the one hand on the valve piece and on the other hand rests at least indirectly on the actuator. Temperature and thus length changes of components of the fuel injection valve can be compensated by the first spring element and the second spring element. Further, it is advantageous that the second spring element is configured relatively hard, while the first spring element is configured relatively soft, that is, that a Spring constant of the first spring element smaller, in particular significantly smaller, is as a spring constant of the second spring element.
  • the spring elements are preferably designed as a tube springs, whereby in particular an axially symmetric deflection and an axially symmetrical application of force of the spring elements is achieved.
  • the valve sleeve is preferably provided with one or more holes which form openings to connect the interior of the valve sleeve with the actuator chamber, so that the exchange of a medium, in particular an escape of gaseous components, especially air, is possible.
  • Fig. 1 shows a fuel injection valve 1 with a piezoelectric actuator 2 according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the fuel injection valve 1 can serve in particular as an injector for fuel injection systems of air-compressing, self-igniting internal combustion engines.
  • a preferred use of the fuel injection valve 1 is for a fuel injection system with a common rail, the diesel fuel under high pressure leads to a plurality of fuel injection valves 1.
  • the fuel injection valve 1 according to the invention is also suitable for other applications.
  • the fuel injection valve 1 has a valve housing 3.
  • a high-pressure bore 4 is configured, can be guided via the high-pressure fuel in a fuel chamber 5 in the interior of the valve housing 3.
  • a section 6 of the high-pressure bore 4 leads through a throttle plate 7, which is connected in a suitable manner to the valve housing 3.
  • From the high-pressure bore 4 branches off an inlet throttle 8, which is configured in the throttle plate 7.
  • the inlet throttle 8 carries fuel into a control chamber 9 which is delimited by a first side 10 of the throttle plate 7, a control chamber sleeve 12 and an end face 13 of a valve needle 14. In the initial state is thus in the control chamber 9 under high pressure fuel, so that the valve needle 14 is pressed in the direction of a valve seat body 15.
  • a valve seat surface 16 is formed, which cooperates with the valve needle 14 to form a sealing seat.
  • an actuator chamber 20 is also formed.
  • the actuator chamber 20 is located on one of the first side 10 facing away from the second side 11 of the Throttle plate 7.
  • a valve sleeve 21 and a valve member 22 are arranged, wherein the valve member 22 is located directly on the second side 11 of the throttle plate 7.
  • a bore portion 23 is formed, which extends an outlet throttle 24 formed in the throttle plate 7.
  • the outlet throttle 24 thereby connects the control chamber 9 with an annular second control chamber 25, which is formed between the valve member 22 and the valve sleeve 21.
  • an annular groove is formed on a cylinder jacket-shaped outer side 26 of the valve piece 22 for the design of the second control chamber 25.
  • the valve piece 22 has a shoulder 27, which forms a valve seat with respect to the valve sleeve 21, so that in the in the Fig. 1 illustrated initial position of the second control chamber 25 is separated from the rest of the actuator chamber 20.
  • the actuator chamber 20 is connected via a return bore 28 to a tank of the fuel injection system, so that there is a relatively low pressure at the return bore 28.
  • the fuel provided in the actuator chamber 20 is under low pressure.
  • the second control chamber 25 is in the starting position under high pressure.
  • the valve sleeve 21 has an inner space 30, which is bounded on the one hand by the valve piece 22 and on the other hand by a support cap 31 of the valve sleeve 21 and circumferentially by a wall 32 of the valve sleeve 21.
  • bores 33, 34 are provided, so that a connection between the interior 30 of the valve sleeve 21 and the actuator chamber 20 is made.
  • the bore 34 forms an opening 35 in the valve piece 22, via which a balance between the inner space 30 of the valve sleeve 21 and the Actuator 20 exists.
  • a first spring element 40 is also arranged, which is designed as a tube spring.
  • the first spring element 40 is supported on the one hand on the valve housing 3 and on the other hand on the support cap 31 of the valve sleeve 21.
  • the first spring element 40 has a certain prestress, so that the valve sleeve 21 is pressed against the shoulder 27 of the valve piece 22, so that the valve seat formed between the valve piece 22 and the valve sleeve 21 is closed.
  • the piezoelectric actuator 2 and a second spring element 41 are arranged in the inner space 30 of the valve sleeve 21, the piezoelectric actuator 2 and a second spring element 41 are arranged.
  • the piezoelectric actuator 2 is supported on the support cap 31 of the valve sleeve 21, while the second spring element 41 is supported on the one hand on the valve member 22 and on the other hand rests against the piezoelectric actuator 2.
  • the second spring element 41 has a certain bias, so that the piezoelectric actuator 2 is biased.
  • the spring elements 40, 41 are preferably configured differently.
  • the first spring element 40 is soft, while the second spring element 41 is designed hard. That is, the first spring element 40 preferably has a smaller spring constant than the second spring element 41. Specifically, there is a relatively large difference in the spring constant of the spring elements 40, 41. This has the advantage that upon actuation of the piezoelectric actuator 2 of the Actuator 2 generated stroke at least substantially for shortening, that is, deflection, the first spring element 40 leads, while the second spring element 41 is not shortened as possible.
  • the stroke of the piezoelectric actuator 2 is at least substantially used for opening the valve seat formed between the valve sleeve 21 and the shoulder 27 of the valve piece 22 in order to partially or completely release the second control chamber 25.
  • the first spring element 40 in the de-energized and thus unactuated state of the piezoelectric actuator 2 a higher spring force than the second spring element 41st
  • the second spring element 41 is shortened until the biasing force of the first spring element 40 is reached. Then, the first spring element 40 is compressed and thus shortened, so that the valve sleeve 21 is lifted from the valve seat formed on the shoulder 27. If then the spring force of the first spring element 40 is again greater than the spring force of the second spring element 41, the second spring element 41 is again compressed until it again exceeds the spring force of the first spring element 40. So the first spring element 40 is gradually compressed. Thus, therefore, the valve sleeve 21 is gradually raised.
  • the second storage space 25 is opened to the actuator chamber 20, so that the outlet throttle 24 is released and the pressure of the fuel in the control chamber 9 decreases. The force effectively acting on the valve needle 14 is then executed to the control chamber 9, so that the valve needle 14 is lifted from its valve seat on the valve seat surface 16 and fuel is sprayed from the fuel chamber 5 through the open sealing seat and the nozzle opening 42.
  • the fuel injection valve 1 has an axis 45.
  • the piezoelectric actuator 2 with respect to the axis 45 of the fuel injection valve 1 can be centered.
  • the spring elements 40, 41 can be aligned with respect to the axis 45, wherein a symmetrical force development of the spring elements 40, 41 is achieved by the design of the spring elements 40, 41 as a tube springs. This results in a compact design and high reliability of the fuel injection valve 1.
  • gaseous components, in particular air which are present in particular in a start phase of the fuel injection valve in the valve housing 3, can be removed in an advantageous manner.

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Brennstoffeinspritzventil mit einem piezoelektrischen Aktor. Speziell betrifft die Erfindung das Gebiet der Injektoren für Brennstoffeinspritzanlagen von luftverdichtenden, selbstzündenden Brennkraftmaschinen.The invention relates to a fuel injection valve with a piezoelectric actuator. Specifically, the invention relates to the field of injectors for fuel injection systems of air compressing, self-igniting internal combustion engines.

Aus der DE 103 26 259 A1 ist ein Injektor für Brennstoffeinspritzsysteme von Brennkraftmaschinen, insbesondere direkteinspritzenden Dieselmotoren, bekannt. Dabei ist ein in einem Injektorkörper angeordneter Piezoaktor vorgesehen, der über erste Federmittel einerseits mit dem Injektorkörper und andererseits mit einem hülsenartigen Übersetzerkolben in Anlage gehalten wird. Ferner ist ein mit dem Injektorkörper verbundener, eine Düsenaustriebsöffnung aufweisender Düsenkörper vorgesehen, in dem eine abgestufte Düsennadel axial verschieblich geführt ist. Außerdem sind innerhalb des Übersetzerkolbens zweite Federmittel angeordnet, die zusammen mit dem rückseitig auf die Düsennadel einwirkenden Einspritzdruck die Düsennadel in Schließstellung halten. Ein an einem düsennadelseitigen Ende des Übersetzerkolbens ausgebildeter Steuerraum steht mit einer unter Einspritzdruck stehenden Kraftstoffzuführung über einenFrom the DE 103 26 259 A1 is an injector for fuel injection systems of internal combustion engines, in particular direct injection diesel engines known. Here, a arranged in an injector piezoelectric actuator is provided, which is held on first spring means on the one hand with the injector body and on the other hand with a sleeve-like booster piston in abutment. Furthermore, a nozzle body connected to the injector body and having a nozzle discharge opening is provided, in which a graduated nozzle needle is guided in an axially displaceable manner. In addition, second spring means are arranged within the booster piston, which hold the nozzle needle in the closed position together with the injection pressure acting on the back of the nozzle needle. A control chamber formed at a nozzle needle-side end of the booster piston communicates with a fuel supply under injection pressure one

Leckspalt in Verbindung, wobei die Düsennadel durch den im Steuerraum befindlichen Kraftstoff in Öffnungsrichtung beaufschlagt ist. Dadurch kann eine Steuerung der Düsennadel durch den Piezoaktor erzielt werden.Leak gap in connection, wherein the nozzle needle is acted upon by the fuel located in the control chamber in the opening direction. As a result, a control of the nozzle needle can be achieved by the piezoelectric actuator.

Der aus der DE 103 26 259 A1 bekannte Injektor hat den Nachteil, dass gasförmige Bestandteile, insbesondere Luft, die im Bereich des Übersetzerkolbens beispielsweise beim Start der Brennkraftmaschine vorgesehen sein können, das Betriebsverhalten zumindest für eine gewisse Startzeit beeinträchtigen. Dies kann besonders nach längeren Standzeiten zu Problemen beim Starten der Brennkraftmaschine führen.The from the DE 103 26 259 A1 known injector has the disadvantage that gaseous components, in particular air, which may be provided in the region of the booster piston, for example when starting the internal combustion engine, affect the performance for at least a certain start time. This can lead to problems when starting the internal combustion engine, especially after longer periods.

Ein Brennstoffeinspritzventil gemäß Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 ist aus der DE-A-102005059437 bekannt.A fuel injection valve according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from DE-A-102005059437 known.

Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Das erfindungsgemäße Brennstoffeinspritzventil mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 hat demgegenüber den Vorteil, dass ein zuverlässiger Betrieb auch in einer Startphase oder nach längeren Standzeiten ermöglicht ist. Speziell kann die Zuverlässigkeit des Brennstoffeinspritzventils und somit einer Brennkraftmaschine mit solch einem Brennstoffeinspritzventil verbessert werden.The fuel injection valve according to the invention with the features of claim 1 has the advantage that a reliable operation is possible even in a start-up phase or after longer periods. Specifically, the reliability of the fuel injection valve and thus an internal combustion engine having such a fuel injection valve can be improved.

Durch die in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführten Maßnahmen sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen des im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Brennstoffeinspritzventils möglich.The measures listed in the dependent claims advantageous developments of the fuel injection valve specified in claim 1 are possible.

Vorteilhaft ist es, dass die Ventilhülse eine Stützkappe aufweist und dass der Aktor innerhalb der Ventilhülse angeordnet ist und sich von innen an der Stützkappe abstützt. Dadurch ist eine kompakte Ausgestaltung möglich, wobei der Aktor bezüglich einer Achse des Brennstoffeinspritzventils axial ausgerichtet werden kann.It is advantageous that the valve sleeve has a support cap and that the actuator within the valve sleeve is arranged and supported from the inside to the support cap. Thereby, a compact configuration is possible, wherein the actuator can be axially aligned with respect to an axis of the fuel injection valve.

Ferner ist es vorteilhaft, dass ein Ventilstück vorgesehen ist, das an der zweiten Seite der Drosselplatte anliegt, und dass das Ventilstück abschnittsweise umfänglich von der Ventilhülse umschlossen ist. Dabei ist es ferner vorteilhaft, dass zwischen dem Ventilstück und der Ventilhülse ein ringförmiger zweiter Steuerraum ausgebildet ist, in den die durch das Ventilstück verlängerte Ablaufdrossel mündet. Durch eine Betätigung der Ventilhülse mittels des piezoelektrischen Aktors kann eine teilweise oder vollständige Verbindung des zweiten Steuerraums mit einem Aktorraum, in dem der mit der Ventilhülse umgebene Aktor angeordnet ist, erfolgen, so dass die Ablaufdrossel teilweise oder ganz freigegeben wird. Dadurch verringert sich der Druck im Steuerraum, der auf die Stirnfläche der Ventilnadel einwirkt, was eine Betätigung der Ventilnadel und somit ein Abspritzen von Brennstoff aus dem Brennstoffeinspritzventil zur Folge hat.Further, it is advantageous that a valve piece is provided, which rests against the second side of the throttle plate, and that the valve piece is partially surrounded circumferentially of the valve sleeve. It is also advantageous that between the valve piece and the valve sleeve, an annular second control chamber is formed, in which the extended through the valve piece outlet throttle opens. By actuating the valve sleeve by means of the piezoelectric actuator, a partial or complete connection of the second control chamber with an actuator chamber, in which the valve sleeve surrounded with the actuator, take place, so that the outlet throttle is partially or completely released. This reduces the pressure in the control chamber, which acts on the end face of the valve needle, which has an actuation of the valve needle and thus a spraying of fuel from the fuel injection valve result.

Außerdem ist es vorteilhaft, dass das zweite Federelement zusammen mit dem piezoelektrischen Aktor innerhalb der Ventilhülse angeordnet ist, wobei sich das zweite Federelement einerseits an dem Ventilstück abstützt und andererseits zumindest mittelbar an dem Aktor anliegt. Temperatur- und somit Längenänderungen von Bauteilen des Brennstoffeinspritzventils können dabei durch das erste Federelement und das zweite Federelement ausgeglichen werden. Ferner ist es vorteilhaft, dass das zweite Federelement relativ hart ausgestaltet ist, während das erste Federelement relativ weich ausgestaltet ist, das heißt, dass eine Federkonstante des ersten Federelements kleiner, insbesondere deutlich kleiner, ist als eine Federkonstante des zweiten Federelements. Dadurch werden Hubverluste bezüglich einer Betätigung des piezoelektrischen Aktors möglichst gering gehalten, da ein Zusammendrücken des zweiten Federelements einen Hubverlust des Aktors bedeuten kann. Der Hub des piezoelektrischen Aktors bedingt dadurch zumindest im Wesentlichen ein Zusammendrücken des ersten Federelements.Moreover, it is advantageous that the second spring element is arranged together with the piezoelectric actuator within the valve sleeve, wherein the second spring element is supported on the one hand on the valve piece and on the other hand rests at least indirectly on the actuator. Temperature and thus length changes of components of the fuel injection valve can be compensated by the first spring element and the second spring element. Further, it is advantageous that the second spring element is configured relatively hard, while the first spring element is configured relatively soft, that is, that a Spring constant of the first spring element smaller, in particular significantly smaller, is as a spring constant of the second spring element. As a result, lifting losses are kept as low as possible with respect to an actuation of the piezoelectric actuator, since a compression of the second spring element can mean a stroke loss of the actuator. The stroke of the piezoelectric actuator thereby at least essentially causes a compression of the first spring element.

Die Federelemente sind vorzugsweise als Rohrfedern ausgestaltet, wodurch insbesondere ein axialsymmetrische Einfederung und eine axialsymmetrische Kraftausübung der Federelemente erreicht ist. Ferner ist die Ventilhülse vorzugsweise mit einer oder mehreren Bohrungen ausgestattet, die Öffnungen bilden, um den Innenraum der Ventilhülse mit dem Aktorraum zu verbinden, so dass der Austausch eines Mediums, insbesondere ein Entweichen von gasförmigen Bestandteilen, speziell Luft, ermöglicht ist.The spring elements are preferably designed as a tube springs, whereby in particular an axially symmetric deflection and an axially symmetrical application of force of the spring elements is achieved. Furthermore, the valve sleeve is preferably provided with one or more holes which form openings to connect the interior of the valve sleeve with the actuator chamber, so that the exchange of a medium, in particular an escape of gaseous components, especially air, is possible.

Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungShort description of the drawing

Bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung anhand der beigefügten Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigt:

  • Fig. 1 ein Brennstoffeinspritzventil mit einem piezoelektrischen Aktor in einer schematischen Schnittdarstellung entsprechend einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung.
Preferred embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail in the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings. It shows:
  • Fig. 1 a fuel injection valve with a piezoelectric actuator in a schematic sectional view according to an embodiment of the invention.

Ausführungsformen der ErfindungEmbodiments of the invention

Fig. 1 zeigt ein Brennstoffeinspritzventil 1 mit einem piezoelektrischen Aktor 2 entsprechend einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung. Das Brennstoffeinspritzventil 1 kann insbesondere als Injektor für Brennstoffeinspritzanlagen von luftverdichtenden, selbstzündenden Brennkraftmaschinen dienen. Ein bevorzugter Einsatz des Brennstoffeinspritzventils 1 besteht für eine Brennstoffeinspritzanlage mit einem Common-Rail, das Dieselbrennstoff unter hohem Druck zu mehreren Brennstoffeinspritzventilen 1 führt. Das erfindungsgemäße Brennstoffeinspritzventil 1 eignet sich jedoch auch für andere Anwendungsfälle. Fig. 1 shows a fuel injection valve 1 with a piezoelectric actuator 2 according to an embodiment of the invention. The fuel injection valve 1 can serve in particular as an injector for fuel injection systems of air-compressing, self-igniting internal combustion engines. A preferred use of the fuel injection valve 1 is for a fuel injection system with a common rail, the diesel fuel under high pressure leads to a plurality of fuel injection valves 1. However, the fuel injection valve 1 according to the invention is also suitable for other applications.

Das Brennstoffeinspritzventil 1 weist ein Ventilgehäuse 3 auf. In dem Ventilgehäuse 3 ist eine Hochdruckbohrung 4 ausgestaltet, über die unter hohem Druck stehender Brennstoff in einen Brennstoffraum 5 im Inneren des Ventilgehäuses 3 führbar ist. Ein Abschnitt 6 der Hochdruckbohrung 4 führt dabei durch eine Drosselplatte 7, die auf geeignete Weise mit dem Ventilgehäuse 3 verbunden ist. Von der Hochdruckbohrung 4 zweigt eine Zulaufdrossel 8 ab, die in der Drosselplatte 7 ausgestaltet ist. Die Zulaufdrossel 8 führt Brennstoff in einen Steuerraum 9, der durch eine erste Seite 10 der Drosselplatte 7, eine Steuerraumhülse 12 und eine Stirnfläche 13 einer Ventilnadel 14 begrenzt ist. Im Ausgangszustand befindet sich somit im Steuerraum 9 unter hohem Druck stehender Brennstoff, so dass die Ventilnadel 14 in Richtung eines Ventilsitzkörpers 15 gepresst wird. An dem Ventilsitzkörper 15 ist eine Ventilsitzfläche 16 ausgebildet, die mit der Ventilnadel 14 zu einem Dichtsitz zusammenwirkt.The fuel injection valve 1 has a valve housing 3. In the valve housing 3, a high-pressure bore 4 is configured, can be guided via the high-pressure fuel in a fuel chamber 5 in the interior of the valve housing 3. A section 6 of the high-pressure bore 4 leads through a throttle plate 7, which is connected in a suitable manner to the valve housing 3. From the high-pressure bore 4 branches off an inlet throttle 8, which is configured in the throttle plate 7. The inlet throttle 8 carries fuel into a control chamber 9 which is delimited by a first side 10 of the throttle plate 7, a control chamber sleeve 12 and an end face 13 of a valve needle 14. In the initial state is thus in the control chamber 9 under high pressure fuel, so that the valve needle 14 is pressed in the direction of a valve seat body 15. On the valve seat body 15, a valve seat surface 16 is formed, which cooperates with the valve needle 14 to form a sealing seat.

Innerhalb des Ventilgehäuses 3 ist außerdem ein Aktorraum 20 ausgebildet. Der Aktorraum 20 befindet sich dabei auf einer der ersten Seite 10 abgewandten zweiten Seite 11 der Drosselplatte 7. In dem Aktorraum 20 sind eine Ventilhülse 21 und ein Ventilstück 22 angeordnet, wobei sich das Ventilstück 22 unmittelbar auf der zweiten Seite 11 der Drosselplatte 7 befindet. In dem Ventilstück 22 ist ein Bohrungsabschnitt 23 ausgebildet, der eine in der Drosselplatte 7 ausgebildete Ablaufdrossel 24 verlängert. Die Ablaufdrossel 24 verbindet dadurch den Steuerraum 9 mit einem ringförmigen zweiten Steuerraum 25, der zwischen dem Ventilstück 22 und der Ventilhülse 21 ausgebildet ist. In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ist zur Ausgestaltung des zweiten Steuerraums 25 eine ringförmige Nut an einer zylindermantelförmigen Außenseite 26 des Ventilstücks 22 ausgebildet. Ferner weist das Ventilstück 22 einen Absatz 27 auf, der einen Ventilsitz in Bezug auf die Ventilhülse 21 bildet, so dass in der in der Fig. 1 dargestellten Ausgangsstellung der zweite Steuerraum 25 von dem übrigen Aktorraum 20 getrennt ist.Within the valve housing 3, an actuator chamber 20 is also formed. The actuator chamber 20 is located on one of the first side 10 facing away from the second side 11 of the Throttle plate 7. In the actuator chamber 20, a valve sleeve 21 and a valve member 22 are arranged, wherein the valve member 22 is located directly on the second side 11 of the throttle plate 7. In the valve piece 22, a bore portion 23 is formed, which extends an outlet throttle 24 formed in the throttle plate 7. The outlet throttle 24 thereby connects the control chamber 9 with an annular second control chamber 25, which is formed between the valve member 22 and the valve sleeve 21. In this embodiment, an annular groove is formed on a cylinder jacket-shaped outer side 26 of the valve piece 22 for the design of the second control chamber 25. Furthermore, the valve piece 22 has a shoulder 27, which forms a valve seat with respect to the valve sleeve 21, so that in the in the Fig. 1 illustrated initial position of the second control chamber 25 is separated from the rest of the actuator chamber 20.

Der Aktorraum 20 ist über eine Rücklaufbohrung 28 mit einem Tank der Brennstoffeinspritzanlage verbunden, so dass an der Rücklaufbohrung 28 ein relativ niedriger Druck herrscht. Somit befindet sich der im Aktorraum 20 vorgesehene Brennstoff unter Niederdruck. Allerdings steht der zweite Steuerraum 25 in der Ausgangsstellung unter Hochdruck.The actuator chamber 20 is connected via a return bore 28 to a tank of the fuel injection system, so that there is a relatively low pressure at the return bore 28. Thus, the fuel provided in the actuator chamber 20 is under low pressure. However, the second control chamber 25 is in the starting position under high pressure.

Die Ventilhülse 21 weist einen Innenraum 30 auf, der einerseits durch das Ventilstück 22 und andererseits durch eine Stützkappe 31 der Ventilhülse 21 sowie umfänglich durch eine Wand 32 der Ventilhülse 21 begrenzt ist. In der Ventilhülse 21 sind Bohrungen 33, 34 vorgesehen, so dass eine Verbindung zwischen dem Innenraum 30 der Ventilhülse 21 und dem Aktorraum 20 besteht. Speziell bildet die Bohrung 34 eine Öffnung 35 in dem Ventilstück 22, über die ein Ausgleich zwischen dem Innenraum 30 der Ventilhülse 21 und dem Aktorraum 20 besteht.The valve sleeve 21 has an inner space 30, which is bounded on the one hand by the valve piece 22 and on the other hand by a support cap 31 of the valve sleeve 21 and circumferentially by a wall 32 of the valve sleeve 21. In the valve sleeve 21 bores 33, 34 are provided, so that a connection between the interior 30 of the valve sleeve 21 and the actuator chamber 20 is made. Specifically, the bore 34 forms an opening 35 in the valve piece 22, via which a balance between the inner space 30 of the valve sleeve 21 and the Actuator 20 exists.

In dem Aktorraum 20 ist außerdem ein erstes Federelement 40 angeordnet, das als Rohrfeder ausgestaltet ist. Das erste Federelement 40 stützt sich einerseits an dem Ventilgehäuse 3 und andererseits an der Stützkappe 31 der Ventilhülse 21 ab. Das erste Federelement 40 weist eine gewisse Vorspannung auf, so dass die Ventilhülse 21 gegen den Absatz 27 des Ventilstückes 22 gepresst ist, so dass der zwischen dem Ventilstück 22 und der Ventilhülse 21 gebildete Ventilsitz geschlossen ist.In the actuator chamber 20, a first spring element 40 is also arranged, which is designed as a tube spring. The first spring element 40 is supported on the one hand on the valve housing 3 and on the other hand on the support cap 31 of the valve sleeve 21. The first spring element 40 has a certain prestress, so that the valve sleeve 21 is pressed against the shoulder 27 of the valve piece 22, so that the valve seat formed between the valve piece 22 and the valve sleeve 21 is closed.

Ferner sind in dem Innenraum 30 der Ventilhülse 21 der piezoelektrische Aktor 2 und ein zweites Federelement 41 angeordnet. Dabei stützt sich der piezoelektrische Aktor 2 an der Stützkappe 31 der Ventilhülse 21 ab, während sich das zweite Federelement 41 einerseits an dem Ventilstück 22 abstützt und andererseits an dem piezoelektrischen Aktor 2 anliegt. Das zweite Federelement 41 weist eine gewisse Vorspannung auf, so dass der piezoelektrische Aktor 2 vorgespannt ist.Further, in the inner space 30 of the valve sleeve 21, the piezoelectric actuator 2 and a second spring element 41 are arranged. In this case, the piezoelectric actuator 2 is supported on the support cap 31 of the valve sleeve 21, while the second spring element 41 is supported on the one hand on the valve member 22 and on the other hand rests against the piezoelectric actuator 2. The second spring element 41 has a certain bias, so that the piezoelectric actuator 2 is biased.

Die Federelemente 40, 41 sind vorzugsweise unterschiedlich ausgestaltet. Vorzugsweise ist das erste Federelement 40 weich, während das zweite Federelement 41 hart ausgestaltet ist. Das heißt, dass das erste Federelement 40 vorzugsweise eine kleinere Federkonstante aufweist als das zweite Federelement 41. Speziell besteht ein relativ großer Unterschied in den Federkonstanten der Federelemente 40, 41. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass bei einer Betätigung des piezoelektrischen Aktors 2 der von dem Aktor 2 erzeugte Hub zumindest im Wesentlichen zur Verkürzung, das heißt Einfederung, des ersten Federelements 40 führt, während das zweite Federelement 41 möglichst nicht verkürzt wird. Dadurch wird der Hub des piezoelektrischen Aktors 2 zumindest im Wesentlichen zur Öffnung des zwischen der Ventilhülse 21 und des Absatz 27 des Ventilstückes 22 gebildeten Ventilsitzes verwendet, um den zweiten Steuerraum 25 teilweise oder ganz freizugeben. Ferner weist das erste Federelement 40 im unbestromten und somit unbetätigten Zustand des piezoelektrischen Aktors 2 eine höhere Federkraft auf als das zweite Federelement 41.The spring elements 40, 41 are preferably configured differently. Preferably, the first spring element 40 is soft, while the second spring element 41 is designed hard. That is, the first spring element 40 preferably has a smaller spring constant than the second spring element 41. Specifically, there is a relatively large difference in the spring constant of the spring elements 40, 41. This has the advantage that upon actuation of the piezoelectric actuator 2 of the Actuator 2 generated stroke at least substantially for shortening, that is, deflection, the first spring element 40 leads, while the second spring element 41 is not shortened as possible. As a result, the stroke of the piezoelectric actuator 2 is at least substantially used for opening the valve seat formed between the valve sleeve 21 and the shoulder 27 of the valve piece 22 in order to partially or completely release the second control chamber 25. Further, the first spring element 40 in the de-energized and thus unactuated state of the piezoelectric actuator 2, a higher spring force than the second spring element 41st

Bei einer Betätigung des piezoelektrischen Aktors 2 wird zunächst das zweite Federelement 41 verkürzt, bis die Vorspannkraft des ersten Federelements 40 erreicht ist. Dann wird das erste Federelement 40 zusammengedrückt und somit verkürzt, so dass die Ventilhülse 21 aus dem an dem Absatz 27 gebildeten Ventilsitz gehoben wird. Wenn dann die Federkraft des ersten Federelements 40 wieder größer ist als die Federkraft des zweiten Federelements 41, wird wieder das zweite Federelement 41 zusammengedrückt, bis dieses wieder die Federkraft des ersten Federelements 40 überschreitet. Also wird das erste Federelement 40 nach und nach zusammengedrückt. Somit wird also auch die Ventilhülse 21 nach und nach angehoben. Somit wird der zweite Stauraum 25 zum Aktorraum 20 geöffnet, so dass die Ablaufdrossel 24 freigegeben wird und der Druck des Brennstoffes im Steuerraum 9 sinkt. Die effektiv auf die Ventilnadel 14 einwirkende Kraft ist dann zu dem Steuerraum 9 hingerichtet, so dass die Ventilnadel 14 aus ihrem Ventilsitz an der Ventilsitzfläche 16 gehoben wird und Brennstoff aus dem Brennstoffraum 5 über den geöffneten Dichtsitz und die Düsenöffnung 42 abgespritzt wird.Upon actuation of the piezoelectric actuator 2, first, the second spring element 41 is shortened until the biasing force of the first spring element 40 is reached. Then, the first spring element 40 is compressed and thus shortened, so that the valve sleeve 21 is lifted from the valve seat formed on the shoulder 27. If then the spring force of the first spring element 40 is again greater than the spring force of the second spring element 41, the second spring element 41 is again compressed until it again exceeds the spring force of the first spring element 40. So the first spring element 40 is gradually compressed. Thus, therefore, the valve sleeve 21 is gradually raised. Thus, the second storage space 25 is opened to the actuator chamber 20, so that the outlet throttle 24 is released and the pressure of the fuel in the control chamber 9 decreases. The force effectively acting on the valve needle 14 is then executed to the control chamber 9, so that the valve needle 14 is lifted from its valve seat on the valve seat surface 16 and fuel is sprayed from the fuel chamber 5 through the open sealing seat and the nozzle opening 42.

Durch Entladen des piezoelektrischen Aktors 2 wird das Brennstoffeinspritzventil 1 wieder geschlossen. Dabei erfolgt durch das erste Federelement 40 eine Rückstellung der Ventilhülse 21 in die in der Fig. 1 gezeigte Ausgangsstellung, in der die Ventilhülse 21 wieder an dem durch den Absatz 27 des Ventilstückes 22 gebildeten Ventilsitz anliegt. Dabei wird der zweite Steuerraum 25 geschlossen, so dass der Druck im Steuerraum 9 wieder auf den Hochdruck ansteigt und eine effektive Kraft zum Schließen der Ventilnadel 14 in die in der Fig. 1 dargestellte Ausgangsstellung erzeugt wird.By discharging the piezoelectric actuator 2 is the Fuel injection valve 1 closed again. In this case, carried by the first spring element 40, a provision of the valve sleeve 21 in the in the Fig. 1 shown starting position in which the valve sleeve 21 rests again on the valve seat formed by the shoulder 27 of the valve member 22. In this case, the second control chamber 25 is closed, so that the pressure in the control chamber 9 rises again to the high pressure and an effective force to close the valve needle 14 in the in the Fig. 1 shown starting position is generated.

Das Brennstoffeinspritzventil 1 weist eine Achse 45 auf. Durch die beschriebene Ausgestaltung kann der piezoelektrische Aktor 2 bezüglich der Achse 45 des Brennstoffeinspritzventils 1 zentriert werden. Ferner können die Federelemente 40, 41 bezüglich der Achse 45 ausgerichtet werden, wobei durch die Ausgestaltung der Federelemente 40, 41 als Rohrfedern eine symmetrische Kraftentfaltung der Federelemente 40, 41 erzielt ist. Somit ergibt sich ein kompakter Aufbau und eine hohe Zuverlässigkeit des Brennstoffeinspritzventils 1. Ferner können gasförmige Bestandteile, insbesondere Luft, die insbesondere in einer Startphase des Brennstoffeinspritzventils in dem Ventilgehäuse 3 vorhanden sind, in vorteilhafter Weise entfernt werden. Speziell wird bei der Inbetriebnahme des Brennstoffeinspritzventils 1 über die Zulaufdrossel 8 zunächst der Steuerraum 9 und somit auch über die Ablaufdrossel 24 der zweite Steuerraum 25 mit unter hohem Druck stehenden Brennstoff gefüllt. Gasförmige Bestandteile werden dabei aus den Steuerräumen 9, 25 verdrängt. Dadurch ist von Anfang an die Funktionsfähigkeit des Brennstoffeinspritzventils 1 gewährleistet. Probleme beim Starten der Brennkraftmaschine werden dadurch verhindert.The fuel injection valve 1 has an axis 45. By the described embodiment, the piezoelectric actuator 2 with respect to the axis 45 of the fuel injection valve 1 can be centered. Furthermore, the spring elements 40, 41 can be aligned with respect to the axis 45, wherein a symmetrical force development of the spring elements 40, 41 is achieved by the design of the spring elements 40, 41 as a tube springs. This results in a compact design and high reliability of the fuel injection valve 1. Furthermore, gaseous components, in particular air, which are present in particular in a start phase of the fuel injection valve in the valve housing 3, can be removed in an advantageous manner. Specifically, when the fuel injection valve 1 is put into operation via the inlet throttle 8, first the control chamber 9 and thus also via the outlet throttle 24 the second control chamber 25 is filled with fuel under high pressure. Gaseous components are displaced from the control chambers 9, 25. As a result, the functionality of the fuel injection valve 1 is guaranteed from the beginning. Problems when starting the internal combustion engine are prevented.

Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt.The invention is not limited to the described embodiments.

Claims (10)

  1. Fuel injection valve (1), in particular injector for fuel injection systems of air-compressing, autoignition internal combustion engines, having a piezoelectric actuator (2) and having a valve needle (14) which can be actuated indirectly by the actuator (2), wherein
    a throttle plate (7) having at least one outflow throttle (24) is provided, wherein a control chamber (9) is provided which is delimited by an end face (13) of the valve needle (14) and by a first side (10) of the throttle plate (7), wherein the outflow throttle (24) is assigned to the control chamber (9), characterized in that, to control the outflow throttle (24), a valve sleeve (21) is provided on a second side (11) of the throttle plate (7) which faces away from the first side (10) of the throttle plate (7), which valve sleeve can be actuated by the actuator (2) counter to a spring force of a first spring element (40) so as to at least partially unblock the outflow throttle (24), and in that the actuator (2) can be actuated counter to a spring force of a second spring element (41).
  2. Fuel injection valve according to Claim 1,
    characterized
    in that the valve sleeve (21) has a support cap (31) and in that the actuator (2) is arranged within the valve sleeve (21) and is supported on the support cap (31).
  3. Fuel injection valve according to Claim 2,
    characterized
    in that a valve piece (22) is provided which bears against the second side (11) of the throttle plate (7), and in that the valve piece (22) is circumferentially surrounded at least in sections by the valve sleeve (21).
  4. Fuel injection valve according to Claim 3,
    characterized
    in that an annular second control chamber (25) is formed between the valve piece (22) and the valve sleeve (21), into which second control chamber the outflow throttle (24), which is extended through the valve piece (22), opens out.
  5. Fuel injection valve according to Claim 4,
    characterized
    in that the second spring element (41) is arranged within the valve sleeve (21).
  6. Fuel injection valve according to Claim 5,
    characterized
    in that the second spring element (41) is supported at one side on the valve piece (22) and bears at the other side at least indirectly on the actuator (2).
  7. Fuel injection valve according to one of Claims 1 to 6,
    characterized
    in that the first spring element (40) is in the form of a tube spring and/or in that the second spring element (41) is in the form of a tube spring.
  8. Fuel injection valve according to one of Claims 1 to 7,
    characterized
    in that the valve sleeve (21) is arranged in an actuator chamber (20) and in that the valve sleeve (21) has at least one opening (35) via which an interior (30) of the valve sleeve (21) is connected to the actuator chamber (20).
  9. Fuel injection valve according to one of Claims 1 to 8,
    characterized
    in that the spring force of the first spring element (40) in the initial state is greater than the spring force of the second spring element (41).
  10. Fuel injection valve according to one of Claims 1 to 9,
    characterized
    in that a spring constant of the first spring element (40) is lower than a spring constant of the second spring element (41).
EP08870377A 2008-01-10 2008-12-03 Fuel injection valve Not-in-force EP2232045B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200810003851 DE102008003851A1 (en) 2008-01-10 2008-01-10 Fuel injector
PCT/EP2008/066708 WO2009086997A1 (en) 2008-01-10 2008-12-03 Fuel injection valve

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2232045A1 EP2232045A1 (en) 2010-09-29
EP2232045B1 true EP2232045B1 (en) 2013-02-20

Family

ID=40379811

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08870377A Not-in-force EP2232045B1 (en) 2008-01-10 2008-12-03 Fuel injection valve

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2232045B1 (en)
CN (1) CN101910607A (en)
DE (1) DE102008003851A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2009086997A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012083458A1 (en) * 2010-12-21 2012-06-28 Tpp Energy Solutions Inc. Piezoelectric material for absorbing vibrations
CN104653374B (en) * 2015-02-11 2017-04-12 江苏大学 Split type oil injector body
DE102016221547A1 (en) * 2016-11-03 2018-05-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel injection valve for injecting a gaseous and / or liquid fuel

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10326259A1 (en) 2003-06-11 2005-01-05 Robert Bosch Gmbh Injector for fuel injection systems of internal combustion engines, in particular direct injection diesel engines
EP1612403B1 (en) * 2004-06-30 2007-01-10 C.R.F. Società Consortile per Azioni Servo valve for controlling an internal combustion engine fuel injector
DE102005007543A1 (en) * 2005-02-18 2006-08-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel injector with direct needle control for an internal combustion engine
DE102005059437A1 (en) * 2005-12-13 2007-06-14 Robert Bosch Gmbh fuel injector

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102008003851A1 (en) 2009-07-16
EP2232045A1 (en) 2010-09-29
CN101910607A (en) 2010-12-08
WO2009086997A1 (en) 2009-07-16

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