EP2230397B1 - High pressure line for fuel injection system - Google Patents

High pressure line for fuel injection system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2230397B1
EP2230397B1 EP10007052.3A EP10007052A EP2230397B1 EP 2230397 B1 EP2230397 B1 EP 2230397B1 EP 10007052 A EP10007052 A EP 10007052A EP 2230397 B1 EP2230397 B1 EP 2230397B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
pressure line
injector
common rail
diameter
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP10007052.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2230397A1 (en
Inventor
Holger Dr. Rapp
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M55/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
    • F02M55/02—Conduits between injection pumps and injectors, e.g. conduits between pump and common-rail or conduits between common-rail and injectors
    • F02M55/025—Common rails
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M55/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
    • F02M55/02—Conduits between injection pumps and injectors, e.g. conduits between pump and common-rail or conduits between common-rail and injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M55/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
    • F02M55/04—Means for damping vibrations or pressure fluctuations in injection pump inlets or outlets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
    • F02M63/0225—Fuel-injection apparatus having a common rail feeding several injectors ; Means for varying pressure in common rails; Pumps feeding common rails
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/31—Fuel-injection apparatus having hydraulic pressure fluctuations damping elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/31—Fuel-injection apparatus having hydraulic pressure fluctuations damping elements
    • F02M2200/315—Fuel-injection apparatus having hydraulic pressure fluctuations damping elements for damping fuel pressure fluctuations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a high pressure line for a fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine.
  • fuel injection system 102 includes a fuel tank 104 from the fuel 106 by an electric or mechanical fuel pump 108 is promoted. Via a low-pressure fuel line 110, the fuel 106 is conveyed to a high-pressure fuel pump 111. From the high pressure fuel pump 111, the fuel 106 passes through a high pressure fuel line 112 to a common rail 114. On the common rail 114 a plurality of injectors 1 are connected, which inject the fuel 106 directly into combustion chambers 118 of an internal combustion engine, not shown. The hydraulic connection between the common rail 114 and injectors 1 via a respective high pressure line. 3
  • the injector 1 belonging to the combustion chamber 118 is opened.
  • the high pressure fuel 106 flows from the injector 1 into the combustion chamber 118.
  • the leaked amount of fuel subsequently flows from the common rail 114 to the injector 1.
  • the amplitude of the pressure wave described above is superimposed on the static common-rail pressure immediately after the beginning of an injection.
  • the pressure in the injector 1 is not constant, but is subject to considerable temporal variations. This applies in particular not only during the injection itself, but also for the period following an injection. Since the quantity of fuel injected into the combustion chamber 118 depends, inter alia, on the pressure prevailing during the injection in the injector 1, the above-mentioned pressure wave has a undesirable influence on the injection quantity.
  • JP 10213045 A From the JP 10213045 A is known a high-pressure line, at one end of a formed head is formed. This head has a rounding.
  • a check valve (not shown) can be provided parallel to the throttle (not shown).
  • a check valve (not shown) can be provided which opens in the direction of the injector 1.
  • this is the throttle as long as ineffective as fuel from the common rail 114 to the injector 1 flows; that is, during injection, this arrangement is ineffective.
  • such an arrangement with a check valve per injector is also very expensive.
  • Out FR 2 786 225 A1 is a high pressure line is known which connects a high pressure area with an injector. Within the high pressure line means are provided for reducing pressure fluctuations.
  • WO 01/42643 A1 a connecting piece is known, which takes over the seal between a housing, such as a high-pressure fuel storage, and a high-pressure line.
  • the diameter extension of the high pressure line is either frusto-conical or stepped executed.
  • one-piece high-pressure lines are also covered by this embodiment, in which a separate connecting piece with a diameter extension, in particular with a frusto-conical or conical diameter enlargement, is fastened to the common rail.
  • a separate connecting piece with a diameter extension in particular with a frusto-conical or conical diameter enlargement, is fastened to the common rail.
  • the diameter may increase along the length in a non-linear manner, resulting in a curved conical inner shape.
  • the above-described structural features of the high-pressure line according to the invention can be combined with one another in order to optimize the operating behavior of a special fuel injection system by means of the suitable selection and dimensioning of the high-pressure line according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 which is a known from the prior art high-pressure line 3, which connects a common rail 114 with an injector 1 hydraulically, the already mentioned several times pressure wave and its temporal and local course in the high pressure line. 3 be explained in more detail.
  • the left of the high-pressure line 3, an x-p diagram is shown.
  • x represents a length coordinate of the high-pressure line 3, the zero point of which lies at the connection between the injector 1 and the high-pressure line 3.
  • the Y-axis of the diagram labeled "p" represents a pressure p (x) in the high-pressure line 3.
  • an xp diagram is shown, which represents the pressure curve in the high-pressure line 3 when the pressure wave moves from the injector 1 in the direction of the common rail 114.
  • the diagram on the left of the high-pressure line 3 shows a snapshot at a point in time in which there is a maximum 5 of the pressure wave between injector 1 and common rail 114.
  • the running direction of the pressure wave is shown by an arrow 7.
  • the common rail 114 acts as an open end with respect to the pressure wave with a static pressure.
  • the pressure wave is reflected, that is, it changes its direction and now runs from the common rail 114 in the direction of the injector 1.
  • changes the sign of the amplitude so that from a pressure reduction is a pressure increase.
  • This is indicated by the p-x diagram on the right of the high-pressure line 3.
  • the direction of the arrow 7 has reversed from the representation on the left side of the high-pressure line 3.
  • from the pressure reduction has become an increase in pressure, as the comparison of the pressure waves in the p-x diagrams left and right of the high pressure line 3 results.
  • the injector 1 If, however, the injector 1 is closed at the time when the reflected pressure wave reaches it, it represents a closed end for the pressure wave and the wave is - this time while maintaining its amplitude - again reflected towards the rail. Now finally forms a very weakly damped, standing wave in the line, the pressure in the injector 1 oscillates after an injection for a long time and there is a significant influence of the distance between two injections on the second injection.
  • a gradient dp / dt is qualitatively represented. This representation is not entirely correct, because in a px diagram a time course of the print "p" is not representable; However, because of the constant propagation speed of the pressure wave in the high-pressure line 3 is a direct relationship between the slope of the edge of the pressure wave, as in the px-diagram according FIG. 1 is shown and as it is defined in connection with the invention, namely as a change with time of the fuel pressure in the high-pressure line 3, here also referred to as gradient dp / dt.
  • FIG. 2 a first embodiment of a one-piece high-pressure line 3 according to the invention is shown.
  • the high-pressure line 3 has a diameter-expanded region 3.4.
  • the diameter-expanded portion 3.4 is conical, with the end with the larger diameter in the common rail 114 opens.
  • the invention is not limited to conical diameter expansions, but may also include, for example, stepped diameter extensions.
  • An important effect of this diameter-extended region 3.4 is that the incoming pressure wave is not abruptly reflected at the end of the line, but that it is over the entire diameter-expanded area 3.4 is partially reflected. The remainder of the blast wave, which reaches the common rail 114, is reflected there in the manner previously described and changes sign.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Hochdruckleitung für ein Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem für eine Brennkraftmaschine.The invention relates to a high pressure line for a fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine.

Anhand der Figur 3 wird nachfolgend eine Kraftstoffeinspritzanlage 102 nach dem Stand der Technik einer Brennkraftmaschine erläutert. Die dabei verwandten Bezugszeichen werden auch bei der Beschreibung der erfindungsgemäßen Hochdruckleitung benutzt.Based on FIG. 3 will be explained below a fuel injection system 102 according to the prior art of an internal combustion engine. The related reference numerals are also used in the description of the high pressure line according to the invention.

Die in Figur 3 dargestellte Kraftstoffeinspritzanlage 102 umfasst einen Kraftstoffbehälter 104 aus dem Kraftstoff 106 durch eine elektrische oder mechanische Kraftstoffpumpe 108 gefördert wird. Über eine Niederdruck-Kraftstoffleitung 110 wird der Kraftstoff 106 zu einer Hochdruck-Kraftstoffpumpe 111 gefördert. Von der Hochdruck-Kraftstoffpumpe 111 gelangt der Kraftstoff 106 über eine Hochdruck-Kraftstoffleitung 112 zu einem Common-Rail 114. An dem Common-Rail 114 sind mehrere Injektoren 1 angeschlossen, die den Kraftstoff 106 direkt in Brennräume 118 einer nicht dargestellten Brennkraftmaschine einspritzen. Die hydraulische Verbindung zwischen Common-Rail 114 und Injektoren 1 erfolgt über je eine Hochdruckleitung 3.In the FIG. 3 illustrated fuel injection system 102 includes a fuel tank 104 from the fuel 106 by an electric or mechanical fuel pump 108 is promoted. Via a low-pressure fuel line 110, the fuel 106 is conveyed to a high-pressure fuel pump 111. From the high pressure fuel pump 111, the fuel 106 passes through a high pressure fuel line 112 to a common rail 114. On the common rail 114 a plurality of injectors 1 are connected, which inject the fuel 106 directly into combustion chambers 118 of an internal combustion engine, not shown. The hydraulic connection between the common rail 114 and injectors 1 via a respective high pressure line. 3

Zu Beginn einer Einspritzung von Kraftstoff in einen Brennraum 118 wird der zu dem Brennraum 118 gehörende Injektor 1 geöffnet. Infolgedessen strömt der unter hohem Druck stehende Kraftstoff 106 vom Injektor 1 in den Brennraum 118. Die ausgetretene Kraftstoffmenge strömt in der Folge vom Common-Rail 114 zum Injektor 1 nach.At the beginning of an injection of fuel into a combustion chamber 118, the injector 1 belonging to the combustion chamber 118 is opened. As a result, the high pressure fuel 106 flows from the injector 1 into the combustion chamber 118. The leaked amount of fuel subsequently flows from the common rail 114 to the injector 1.

Da moderne Injektoren 1, insbesondere piezogesteuerte Injektoren, sehr schnell öffnen und schließen, entsteht bei der Betätigung des Injektors 1 eine Druckwelle in der Hochdruckleitung 3, die ausgehend vom Injektor 1 zum Common-Rail 114 läuft. Dort wird die Druckwelle reflektiert und gelangt wieder zum Injektor 1. Je schneller der Injektor 1 öffnet, desto steiler sind die Flanken der Druckwelle. Die Steilheit der Flanken der Druckwelle wird nachfolgend auch als Gradient dp/dt bezeichnet.Since modern injectors 1, in particular piezo-controlled injectors, open and close very quickly, upon actuation of the injector 1, a pressure wave arises in the high-pressure line 3, which runs from the injector 1 to the common rail 114. There, the pressure wave is reflected and gets back to the injector 1. The faster the injector 1 opens, the steeper the flanks of the pressure wave. The steepness of the flanks of the pressure wave is also referred to below as gradient dp / dt.

In der Hochdruckleitung 3 und im Injektor 1 wird also unmittelbar nach Beginn einer Einspritzung dem statischen Common-Rail-Druck die Amplitude der zuvor beschriebenen Druckwelle überlagert. In Folge dessen ist der Druck im Injektor 1 nicht konstant, sondern unterliegt erheblichen zeitlichen Schwankungen. Dies gilt insbesondere nicht nur während der Einspritzung selbst, sondern auch für den Zeitraum, der sich an eine Einspritzung anschließt. Da nun die in den Brennraum 118 einspritzte Kraftstoffmenge unter anderem von dem während der Einspritzung herrschenden Druck im Injektor 1 abhängt, hat die o. g. Druckwelle einen unerwünschten Einfluss auf die Einspritzmenge. Dies gilt zum einen dann, wenn die Einspritzdauer länger als die Laufzeit der Druckwelle durch die Hochdruckleitung ist, insbesondere aber wenn eine durch eine Voreinspritzung ausgelöste und am Common-Rail 114 reflektierte Druckwelle während einer nachfolgenden Haupteinspritzung im Injektor 1 wirkt. Damit wird aber auch deutlich, dass die während einer Haupteinspritzung eingespritzte Menge in starkem Maße von deren Abstand von einer vorausgegangenen Voreinspritzung abhängt.In the high-pressure line 3 and in the injector 1, therefore, the amplitude of the pressure wave described above is superimposed on the static common-rail pressure immediately after the beginning of an injection. As a result, the pressure in the injector 1 is not constant, but is subject to considerable temporal variations. This applies in particular not only during the injection itself, but also for the period following an injection. Since the quantity of fuel injected into the combustion chamber 118 depends, inter alia, on the pressure prevailing during the injection in the injector 1, the above-mentioned pressure wave has a undesirable influence on the injection quantity. This applies, on the one hand, when the injection duration is longer than the transit time of the pressure wave through the high-pressure line, but in particular when a pressure wave triggered by a pilot injection and reflected at the common rail 114 acts during a subsequent main injection in the injector 1. But this also makes it clear that the amount injected during a main injection depends to a great extent on their distance from a previous pilot injection.

Aus der JP 10213045 A ist eine Hochdruckleitung bekannt, an dessen einem Ende ein umgeformter Kopf ausgebildet ist. Dieser Kopf weist eine Abrundung auf.From the JP 10213045 A is known a high-pressure line, at one end of a formed head is formed. This head has a rounding.

Aus dem Stand der Technik sind nachfolgend beschriebene Anordnungen zum Abbau von Druckwellen in einer Kraftstoffeinspritzanlage 102 bekannt:

  • In die Hochdruckleitung 3 wird eine Drossel (nicht dargestellt) eingebaut. Dadurch werden zwar die Druckwellen gedämpft; allerdings reduziert die Drossel auch den am Injektor 1 verfügbaren Einspritzdruck, was unerwünscht ist.
Known arrangements for reducing pressure waves in a fuel injection system 102 are known from the prior art.
  • In the high-pressure line 3, a throttle (not shown) is installed. As a result, although the pressure waves are damped; however, the throttle also reduces the injection pressure available at the injector 1, which is undesirable.

Zusätzlich kann parallel zu der Drossel (nicht dargestellt) ein Rückschlagventil (nicht dargestellt) vorgesehen werden, das in Richtung der Injektors 1 öffnet. Dadurch werden zwar die Drosselverluste vermieden; allerdings ist dadurch die Drossel solange wirkungslos wie Kraftstoff vom Common-Rail 114 zum Injektor 1 strömt; das heißt während der Einspritzung ist diese Anordnung wirkungslos. Ferner ist eine solche Anordnung mit einem Rückschlagventil pro Injektor auch sehr kostenintensiv.In addition, parallel to the throttle (not shown), a check valve (not shown) can be provided which opens in the direction of the injector 1. As a result, while the throttle losses are avoided; However, this is the throttle as long as ineffective as fuel from the common rail 114 to the injector 1 flows; that is, during injection, this arrangement is ineffective. Furthermore, such an arrangement with a check valve per injector is also very expensive.

Aus der DE 100 60 811 A1 ist eine Anordnung bekannt bei der im Injektor 1 ein Dämpfungsraum vorgesehen ist, der über eine Drossel mit der Hochdruckleitung 3 hydraulisch in Verbindung steht.From the DE 100 60 811 A1 An arrangement is known in which a damping chamber is provided in the injector 1, which is hydraulically connected via a throttle with the high-pressure line 3.

Aus FR 2 786 225 A1 ist eine Hochdruckleitung bekannt die einen Hochdruckbereich mit einem Injektor verbindet. Innerhalb der Hochdruckleitung sind Mittel zum Reduzieren von Druckschwankungen vorgesehen.Out FR 2 786 225 A1 is a high pressure line is known which connects a high pressure area with an injector. Within the high pressure line means are provided for reducing pressure fluctuations.

Aus WO 01/42643 A1 ist ein Anschlussstutzen bekannt, welcher die Abdichtung zwischen einem Gehäuse, wie z.B. einem Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher, und einer Hochdruckleitung übernimmt.Out WO 01/42643 A1 a connecting piece is known, which takes over the seal between a housing, such as a high-pressure fuel storage, and a high-pressure line.

Die Wirkung dieser aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Maßnahmen zur Reduktion von Druckschwingungen in der Hochdruckleitung sind noch verbesserungsbedürftig, insbesondere weil bei mit zunehmenden Einspritzdrücken und immer schneller ansprechenden Injektoren das oben genannte Problem zunimmt.The effect of these known from the prior art measures for the reduction of pressure oscillations in the high-pressure line are still in need of improvement, especially because increases with increasing injection pressures and increasingly responsive injectors, the above problem.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Die Nachteile des Standes der Technik werden erfindungsgemäß durch eine einteilige Hochdruckleitung verbessert, bei der ein Ende der Hochdruckleitung eine Durchmessererweiterung aufweist. Durch diese Maßnahme wird der Druck am Common-Rail nicht an einem Ort vollständig reflektiert, sondern im Bereich des zunehmenden Durchmessers in der Hochdruckleitung wird die Druckwelle bereits partiell gebrochen und reflektiert. Infolgedessen werden die Flanken der reflektierten Druckwelle flacher, das heißt, der Gradient dp/dt nimmt stark ab. Damit werden auch die Druckschwingungen im Bereich des Düsennadelsitzes im Injektor verringert, was zum einen den Einfluss des Abstands zwischen zwei Einspritzungen auf die zweite Einspritzung erheblich reduziert und was zum anderen einen deutlich reduzierten Verschleiß des Düsensitzes zur Folge hat.The disadvantages of the prior art are inventively improved by a one-piece high-pressure line, in which one end of the high pressure line has a diameter extension. By this measure, the pressure on the common rail is not completely reflected in one place, but in the region of increasing diameter in the high pressure line, the pressure wave is already partially broken and reflected. As a result, the flanks of the reflected pressure wave become flatter, that is, the gradient dp / dt decreases sharply. This also reduces the pressure oscillations in the region of the nozzle needle seat in the injector, which on the one hand considerably reduces the influence of the distance between two injections on the second injection and, on the other hand, results in significantly reduced wear of the nozzle seat.

Die Durchmessererweiterung der Hochdruckleitung ist entweder kegelstumpfförmig oder gestuft ausgeführt.The diameter extension of the high pressure line is either frusto-conical or stepped executed.

Erfindungsgemäß sind von dieser Ausgestaltung auch einteilige Hochdruckleitungen erfasst, bei denen ein gesondertes Anschlussstück mit einer Durchmessererweiterung, insbesondere mit einer kegelstumpfförmigen oder konischen Durchmessererweiterung am Common-Rail befestigt werden. Anstelle der konischen Form kann der Durchmesser über die Länge auch in einer nicht linearen Weise zunehmen, was zu einer gekrümmt konischen Innenform führt.According to the invention, one-piece high-pressure lines are also covered by this embodiment, in which a separate connecting piece with a diameter extension, in particular with a frusto-conical or conical diameter enlargement, is fastened to the common rail. Instead of the conical shape, the diameter may increase along the length in a non-linear manner, resulting in a curved conical inner shape.

Wie bereits erwähnt, können die zuvor beschriebenen konstruktiven Merkmale der erfindungsgemäßen Hochdruckleitung miteinander kombiniert werden, um durch die geeignete Auswahl und Dimensionierung der erfindungsgemäßen Hochdruckleitung das Betriebsverhalten eines speziellen Kraftstoffeinspritzsystems zu optimieren.As already mentioned, the above-described structural features of the high-pressure line according to the invention can be combined with one another in order to optimize the operating behavior of a special fuel injection system by means of the suitable selection and dimensioning of the high-pressure line according to the invention.

Weitere Vorteile und vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind der nachfolgenden Zeichnung, deren Beschreibung und den Patentansprüchen entnehmbar.Further advantages and advantageous embodiments of the invention are the following drawings, the description and the claims removable.

Zeichnungdrawing

Es zeigen:

Figur 1
eine Hochdruckleitung nach dem Stand der Technik,
Figur 2
ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Hochdruckleitung, und
Figur 3
eine schematische Darstellung einer Kraftstoffeinspritzanlage.
Show it:
FIG. 1
a high-pressure line according to the prior art,
FIG. 2
an embodiment of a high-pressure line according to the invention, and
FIG. 3
a schematic representation of a fuel injection system.

Beschreibung der AusführungsbeispieleDescription of the embodiments

Anhand der Figur 1, welche eine aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte Hochdruckleitung 3 darstellt, die einen Common-Rail 114 mit einem Injektor 1 hydraulisch verbindet, sollen die bereits mehrfach erwähnte Druckwelle sowie ihr zeitlicher und örtlicher Verlauf in der Hochdruckleitung 3 näher erläutert werden.Based on FIG. 1 , which is a known from the prior art high-pressure line 3, which connects a common rail 114 with an injector 1 hydraulically, the already mentioned several times pressure wave and its temporal and local course in the high pressure line. 3 be explained in more detail.

Zu diesem Zweck ist links der Hochdruckleitung 3 ein x-p-Diagramm dargestellt. Dabei stellt x eine Längenkoordinate der Hochdruckleitung 3 dar, deren Nullpunkt an der Verbindung zwischen Injektor 1 und Hochdruckleitung 3 liegt. die mit "p" bezeichnete Y-Achse des Diagramms stellt einen Druck p (x) in der Hochdruckleitung 3 dar. Die Hochdruckleitung 3 hat eine Länge L, das heißt, eine vom Injektor 1 ausgehende Druckwelle erreicht den Common-Rail 114, wenn die Ortskoordinate x = L ist und wird dort reflektiert.For this purpose, the left of the high-pressure line 3, an x-p diagram is shown. In this case, x represents a length coordinate of the high-pressure line 3, the zero point of which lies at the connection between the injector 1 and the high-pressure line 3. the Y-axis of the diagram labeled "p" represents a pressure p (x) in the high-pressure line 3. The high-pressure line 3 has a length L, that is, a pressure wave from the injector 1 reaches the common rail 114 when Location coordinate x = L is and will be reflected there.

Links der Hochdruckleitung 3 ist ein x-p-Diagramm dargestellt, welches den Druckverlauf in der Hochdruckleitung 3 darstellt, wenn die Druckwelle sich vom Injektor 1 in Richtung des Common-Rails 114 bewegt. Das Diagramm links der Hochdruckleitung 3 zeigt eine Momentaufnahme zu einem Zeitpunkt, in dem sich ein Maximum 5 der Druckwelle zwischen Injektor 1 und Common-Rail 114 befindet. Die Laufrichtung der Druckwelle ist durch einen Pfeil 7 dargestellt. Beim Betrachten des links der Hochdruckleitung 3 dargestellten p-x-Diagramms fällt auf, dass die Druckwelle die Form einer Druckabsenkung gegenüber dem statischen Druck in der Hochdruckleitung 3 hat. Dies ist auch unmittelbar einleuchtend, wenn man sich vor Augen führt, dass durch das Öffnen, insbesondere das schlagartige Öffnen, des Injektors 1 Kraftstoff aus dem Injektor 1 in den Brennraum 118 (siehe Figur 3) eingespritzt wird, so dass ein Druckabbau im Injektor 1 stattfindet. Infolgedessen entsteht eine Druckwelle mit einer negativen Amplitude (Druckabsenkung), die ausgehend von dem Injektor 1 in Richtung des Common-Rails 114 durch die Hochdruckleitung 3 läuft. Die Amplitude der Druckwelle ist in Figur 1 mit "A" bezeichnet.On the left of the high-pressure line 3, an xp diagram is shown, which represents the pressure curve in the high-pressure line 3 when the pressure wave moves from the injector 1 in the direction of the common rail 114. The diagram on the left of the high-pressure line 3 shows a snapshot at a point in time in which there is a maximum 5 of the pressure wave between injector 1 and common rail 114. The running direction of the pressure wave is shown by an arrow 7. When viewing the px diagram on the left of the high-pressure line 3, it is noticeable that the pressure wave has the form of a pressure reduction in relation to the static pressure in the high-pressure line 3. This is also immediately obvious when one realizes that by opening, in particular the sudden opening, of the injector 1 fuel from the injector 1 into the combustion chamber 118 (see FIG. 3 ) is injected, so that a pressure reduction takes place in the injector 1. As a result, creates a pressure wave with a negative amplitude (pressure reduction), which runs from the injector 1 in the direction of the common rail 114 through the high-pressure line 3. The amplitude of the pressure wave is in FIG. 1 denoted by "A".

Wenn die Druckwelle nun an den Common-Rail 114 gelangt, wirkt der Common-Rail 114 bezüglich der Druckwelle wie ein offenes Ende mit einem statischen Druck. An diesem offenen Ende wird die Druckwelle reflektiert, das heißt sie ändert ihre Laufrichtung und läuft nunmehr vom Common-Rail 114 in Richtung des Injektors 1. Gleichzeitig ändert sich jedoch das Vorzeichen der Amplitude, so dass aus einer Druckabsenkung eine Druckerhöhung wird. Dies ist durch das p-x-Diagramm rechts der Hochdruckleitung 3 angedeutet. Die Richtung des Pfeils 7 hat sich gegenüber der Darstellung auf der linken Seite der Hochdruckleitung 3 umgekehrt. Auch ist aus der Druckabsenkung eine Druckerhöhung geworden, wie der Vergleich der Druckwellen in den p-x-Diagrammen links und rechts der Hochdruckleitung 3 ergibt.When the pressure wave now passes to the common rail 114, the common rail 114 acts as an open end with respect to the pressure wave with a static pressure. At this open end, the pressure wave is reflected, that is, it changes its direction and now runs from the common rail 114 in the direction of the injector 1. At the same time, however, changes the sign of the amplitude, so that from a pressure reduction is a pressure increase. This is indicated by the p-x diagram on the right of the high-pressure line 3. The direction of the arrow 7 has reversed from the representation on the left side of the high-pressure line 3. Also, from the pressure reduction has become an increase in pressure, as the comparison of the pressure waves in the p-x diagrams left and right of the high pressure line 3 results.

Wenn nun die reflektierte Druckwelle den Injektor 1 erreicht, ist der Druck im Injektor 1 einer erheblichen Schwankung ausgesetzt. Ausgehend von einem statischen Druck pstat, der in den px-Diagrammen eingezeichnet ist, erhöht sich der Druck im Injektor um die Amplitude A.Now, when the reflected pressure wave reaches the injector 1, the pressure in the injector 1 is subject to a considerable fluctuation. Starting from a static pressure p stat , which is plotted in the px diagrams, the pressure in the injector increases by the amplitude A.

Wenn nun zu dem Zeitraum, zu dem die Druckwelle am Injektor 1 eintrifft und somit der Druck im Injektor zeitlich sehr starken Schwankungen unterliegt, gerade eine Einspritzung erfolgt, hat dies einen unmittelbaren Einfluss auf die eingespritzte Kraftstoffmenge. Infolgedessen verschlechtert sich die Zumessgenauigkeit des Injektors 1 und damit das Emissionsverhalten der Brennkraftmaschine. Die Laufkultur der Brennkraftmaschine kann ebenfalls leiden.Now, if at the time when the pressure wave arrives at the injector 1 and thus the pressure in the injector is subject to very strong fluctuations in time, just an injection, this has a direct influence on the injected fuel quantity. As a result, the metering accuracy of the injector 1 and thus the emission performance of the internal combustion engine deteriorate. The running culture of the internal combustion engine can also suffer.

Ist dagegen der Injektor 1 zu dem Zeitpunkt geschlossen, zu dem die reflektierte Druckwelle ihn erreicht, so stellt er für die Druckwelle ein geschlossenes Ende dar und die Welle wird - diesmal unter Beibehaltung ihrer Amplitude - wieder in Richtung Rail reflektiert. Jetzt endlich bildet sich dann eine nur sehr schwach gedämpfte, stehende Welle in der Leitung aus, der Druck im Injektor 1 schwingt nach einer Einspritzung lange Zeit nach und es entsteht ein erheblicher Einfluss des Abstands zwischen zwei Einspritzungen auf die zweite Einspritzung.If, however, the injector 1 is closed at the time when the reflected pressure wave reaches it, it represents a closed end for the pressure wave and the wave is - this time while maintaining its amplitude - again reflected towards the rail. Now finally forms a very weakly damped, standing wave in the line, the pressure in the injector 1 oscillates after an injection for a long time and there is a significant influence of the distance between two injections on the second injection.

In dem p-x-Diagramm links der Hochdruckleitung 3 ist ein Gradient dp/dt qualitativ dargestellt. Diese Darstellung ist nicht ganz korrekt, da in einem p-x-Diagramm ein Zeitverlauf des Druckes "p" nicht darstellbar ist; allerdings besteht wegen der konstanten Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit der Druckwelle in der Hochdruckleitung 3 ein direkter Zusammenhang zwischen der Steilheit der Flanke der Druckwelle, wie sie im p-x-Diagramm gemäß Figur 1 dargestellt ist und wie sie im Zusammenhang mit der Erfindung definiert ist, nämlich als zeitliche Änderung des Kraftstoffdrucks in der Hochdruckleitung 3, hier auch als Gradient dp/dt bezeichnet.In the px diagram to the left of the high-pressure line 3, a gradient dp / dt is qualitatively represented. This representation is not entirely correct, because in a px diagram a time course of the print "p" is not representable; However, because of the constant propagation speed of the pressure wave in the high-pressure line 3 is a direct relationship between the slope of the edge of the pressure wave, as in the px-diagram according FIG. 1 is shown and as it is defined in connection with the invention, namely as a change with time of the fuel pressure in the high-pressure line 3, here also referred to as gradient dp / dt.

In Figur 2 ist ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen einteiligen Hochdruckleitung 3 dargestellt. Die Hochdruckleitung 3 weist einen durchmessererweiterten Bereich 3.4 auf. Bei dem in Figur 2 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist der durchmessererweiterte Bereich 3.4 konisch ausgeführt, wobei das Ende mit dem größeren Durchmesser in den Common-Rail 114 mündet. Die Erfindung ist jedoch nicht auf konische Durchmessererweiterungen beschränkt, sondern kann auch beispielsweise stufenförmige Durchmessererweiterungen umfassen. Ein wichtiger Effekt dieses durchmessererweiterten Bereichs 3.4 ist, dass die ankommende Druckwelle nicht schlagartig am Ende der Leitung reflektiert wird, sondern dass sie über den gesamten durchmessererweiterten Bereich 3.4 teilweise reflektiert wird. Der Rest der Druckwelle, welcher den Common-Rail 114 erreicht, wird dort in der zuvor beschriebenen Weise reflektiert und ändert sein Vorzeichen. Durch die teilweise Reflexion der Druckwelle im durchmessererweiterten Bereich 3.4 findet dort unmittelbar ein "Verschleifen" der Druckwellenkontur statt, was sich in einer Absenkung der Amplitude der reflektierten Welle (siehe das p-x-Diagramm ganz links in Figur 2) und insbesondere in einer wesentlich flacheren Flanke dp/dt der reflektierten Druckwelle äußert. Im Ergebnis sind somit die Druckschwankungen innerhalb des Injektors 7 aufgrund der reflektierten Druckwelle geringer und erstrecken sich über einen längeren Zeitraum.In FIG. 2 a first embodiment of a one-piece high-pressure line 3 according to the invention is shown. The high-pressure line 3 has a diameter-expanded region 3.4. At the in FIG. 2 illustrated embodiment, the diameter-expanded portion 3.4 is conical, with the end with the larger diameter in the common rail 114 opens. However, the invention is not limited to conical diameter expansions, but may also include, for example, stepped diameter extensions. An important effect of this diameter-extended region 3.4 is that the incoming pressure wave is not abruptly reflected at the end of the line, but that it is over the entire diameter-expanded area 3.4 is partially reflected. The remainder of the blast wave, which reaches the common rail 114, is reflected there in the manner previously described and changes sign. Due to the partial reflection of the pressure wave in the diameter-expanded region 3.4, there is a direct "smoothing" of the pressure wave contour, which results in a lowering of the amplitude of the reflected wave (see the px diagram at the far left in FIG FIG. 2 ) and in particular in a substantially flatter edge dp / dt of the reflected pressure wave. As a result, the pressure fluctuations within the injector 7 are thus lower due to the reflected pressure wave and extend over a longer period of time.

Im Ergebnis wird somit der Einfluss des Abstands zwischen zwei Einspritzungen auf deren zweite erheblich verringert und es wird damit die Genauigkeit der Zumessung der Einspritzmengen erhöht.As a result, the influence of the distance between two injections on the second is thus significantly reduced and thus the accuracy of the metering of the injection quantities is increased.

Claims (3)

  1. High-pressure line (3) for a fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine, wherein the high-pressure line (3) connects a common rail (114) and an injector (1), wherein one end of the high-pressure line (3) has a diameter widening (3.4) and the diameter of the high-pressure line increases in continuous fashion in the region of the diameter widening (3.4), wherein the end with the relatively large diameter opens into the common rail (114), characterized in that the diameter widening (3.4) increases in size in frustoconical or stepped fashion.
  2. High-pressure line according to Claim 1, characterized in that the high-pressure line (3) is of unipartite form and encompasses a separate attachment piece with a diameter widening (3, 4), in particular with a frustoconical or conical diameter widening, and in that the separate attachment piece is fastened to the common rail (114).
  3. Fuel injection system (102) for an internal combustion engine, having a common rail (114) and having one injector (1) per cylinder of the internal combustion engine, and having a high-pressure line (3) which hydraulically connects common rail (114) and injector (1), characterized in that the high-pressure line (3) is a high-pressure line (3) according to one of the preceding claims.
EP10007052.3A 2003-02-25 2003-08-21 High pressure line for fuel injection system Expired - Lifetime EP2230397B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE2003107871 DE10307871A1 (en) 2003-02-25 2003-02-25 High pressure line for a fuel injection system
EP03811301A EP1611342B1 (en) 2003-02-25 2003-08-21 High-pressure line for a fuel injection system

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EP03811301.5 Division 2003-08-21
EP03811301A Division EP1611342B1 (en) 2003-02-25 2003-08-21 High-pressure line for a fuel injection system

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EP2230397A1 EP2230397A1 (en) 2010-09-22
EP2230397B1 true EP2230397B1 (en) 2016-10-12

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JP (1) JP2006514201A (en)
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CN1745243A (en) 2006-03-08
EP1611342B1 (en) 2012-02-29
EP2230397A1 (en) 2010-09-22
DE10307871A1 (en) 2004-09-02
WO2004076846A1 (en) 2004-09-10
JP2006514201A (en) 2006-04-27
CN1745243B (en) 2013-05-01
EP1611342A1 (en) 2006-01-04

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