EP2229570B1 - Method for producing a component - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing a component for the realization of heat transfer and / or technical reaction. It is known to produce components consisting of material webs with sinoidaien secondary forms, as well as structured pipes and equipment of heat and mass transport and reaction and heterogeneous catalysis to use. The tubes and material webs, which are equipped with partially or continuously concave sinoid ancillary molds, are produced by forming. Forming results in secondary forms that positively influence the flow behavior of gases and liquids as well as other substances and whose edge and core flows form in a special way. Due to these properties, processes in systems and units in which tubes or material webs of this type are also joined together to form tube bundles and tube groups, are highly efficient, since the exchange of material or heat on the walls of the tubes and material webs provided with secondary forms is very intensive he follows. This makes it possible to achieve in systems and devices of the type shown with the same size up to several times increased benefits or reduce their size and still get a sufficient yield or a high transfer result.

It is also known to provide heat transfer surfaces on tubular or plate-like bodies with a structure protruding from the base surface of microelements and a method for producing these microstructures. The method is used exclusively on bodies whose surfaces are curved flat or straight, as it DE 101 59 860 C2 disclosed and claimed, which is based on the object to provide heat transfer surfaces of the designated genus and a method to produce by the lowest possible temperature differences, an increase in heat transfer performance on corresponding structural surfaces and at a reasonable cost, both for a bubble evaporation, as well as for a film condensation Application. The solution thus found provides a complex process and a product manufactured therefor, which can be used with excellent results for this purpose, but receives a restriction by the shape of the components used for this purpose, in particular heat transfer surfaces. Furthermore, the solution according to the invention does not reveal any information which makes the use of the microstructures outside the intended heat transfer seem suitable.

Furthermore, the disclosure DE 1 066 213 B1 a solution according to which heat exchanger tubes are equipped with longitudinal ribs on their surfaces. These ribs have a macroscopic structure which has not been further specified in the disclosure and in the claims. The ribs on the tubes are used to transfer heat by convection alone. The font also gives no information as to how phase change processes can be initiated when overflowing.

The DE 197 51 405 A1 describes a method in which thermal boundary layers are to be broken through convection. About boiling, bubbling, bubble nuclei, vapor films or critical heat fluxes, the patent gives no information.

The DE 196 50 881 A1 discloses a method and apparatus for producing microstructures by ion beam techniques. Likewise, these microstructures are galvanically grown through a pore mask. However, the disclosure of the scope of the patent provides a method of vapor depositing the metal stellite layer onto a film mask, and then the metal starting layer is not stripped and thus is not free for use. The illustration of the invention provides no information about the use of the microstructures thus produced.

The US 4,288,897 discloses a method by which a porous structure is created by applying foamed films, but does not result in a pin-like microstructure with a well-ordered alignment and position. The arrangement of the pin-like structure is disordered, especially in the dimensions pin diameter and density, - angle of inclination, pin shape. In particular, the request for claim does not produce such information. Furthermore, it can not be seen how boiling processes can be improved by the metal structure.

The further known US 3,842,474 Although it discloses the large-scale production of microstructure-like structures on a surface in order to improve the heat transfer. However, it is not apparent from this document how the threads or pixels can grow on the surface of the base body. This process is only vaguely known by saying that a thermal or galvanic process is to be used. Vague indications indicate that a layer of silver may have been applied to the surface in which the wiskers may be embedded. The skilled person gives this document no information in the hand to exercise the invention without inventive step.

A method according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from document FR 2 076 034 known.

The invention is based on the object, methods for the production of microstructures
To provide surfaces of components, the components have properties, which give high efficiency and mode of action to increase the efficiency of the heat and mass transport and the chemical reactivity of heat energy transfer systems and the plants and processes to be used ,

To achieve the object, a method for the production of a component for the realization of heat transfer and / or technical reaction, in particular for carrying out a heterogeneous catalysis, provided with at least one surface having a vault structure with concave portions, wherein the component to has at least one of its surfaces uniformly arranged microstructure elements.

The microstructure elements are worked up by means of galvanic coating and / or mechanical spray-compaction methods to the component to be produced, in particular to a component formed as a tube. It is inventively provided that at least partially on the surface of the component, in particular on the concave and optionally convex surfaces, a radiation-sensitive, the
As a basis for the galvanic application of a continuous microstructure, and that a vault structure is formed with concave portions of vault structure form complementary complementary or adapted photoresist is applied. In this case, the component is completely provided with microstructures on sinualelichen side shapes, so that the convex and concave portions of the sinuale Nebenformen have the microstructures and the microstructures each have the same or different shapes, the material structure of the microstructure elements firm connections with the material structure on the surface of the component formed.

Thus, the microstructure elements are processed by means of galvanic coating and / or mechanical Sprühkompaktierungsverfahren to the component to be produced, in particular to a formed as a tube component. According to the invention, at least partially applied to the surface of the component, in particular on the concave and optionally convex surfaces, a radiation-sensitive, the vault structure form complementary complementary or adapted photoresist, as a basis for the galvanic application of a continuous microstructure.

The resist is used instead of the film known from the prior art and can be provided with appropriate technology, in particular with ion beam techniques in combination with deep etching technique, with micro-fine pores, which determine the shape and size of the microstructures to be deposited during the electroplating process.

The advantage of this method is inter alia in the simple and time-saving and cost-saving form of application in a spraying or dipping process step. Advantageously, the radiation-sensitive resist is used as a liquid resist for coating the surface.

That is, the resist can be applied in the form of a lacquer or a lacquer layer on the surface in question or as a solid.

The component can be present in the form of a tube or a material web. In particular, it can be provided that a polycarbonate in the manner of a lacquer is used as the liquid radiation-sensitive resist.

In a method alternative it can be provided that a film is used instead of the resist according to the invention, wherein this film can be designed as a surface-covering polymer membrane in the form of a seamless shrink tube or can be assembled from a flat structure to form a seam-carrying shrink tube. It can be provided that the introduction of the designed as a polymer membrane film in the concave portions of the arch structure of the component takes place until the form-fitting concerns in the concave portions in the heated state. However, such a method alternative does not fall within the scope of the claims.

To facilitate the application of the polymer membrane, it is made to adhere by the action of an adhesive on the surface of the component, in particular in the concave portions. In a special embodiment of the method it is provided that the incorporation of the polymer membrane into the concave parts is carried out without contact, in particular by means of air pressure. Preferably, the compressed air is directed at intervals and thus in compressed air surges against the polymer membrane. This compressed air treatment can be carried out with or without heat treatment of the polymer membrane.

In a further development, a manufacturing method for the Bauteuil is also provided in which after generation of the Microstructure elements on a surface of the component, which initially has a substantially planar shape, deformation forces are directed to the component so that it is formed into a tube.

This means that the component before its deformation to the tube has such a shape that a coating of the microstructure elements to
provided surface is relatively easily possible. This means that the component may already have a curvature in the preparation of the galvanic process. In a simple embodiment of the method, however, the component is executed completely flat and is formed after application of the microstructure elements into a tube and optionally welded.
The forming forces are preferably directed to the not provided with the microstructure elements surface of the sheet member and the reshaping made such that the microstructure is located on the inner wall of the tube produced. It can thereby produce tubes on the inside of the microstructure is arranged, which is not feasible with conventional technology.

Preferably, the deformation is carried out stepwise and after realization of the hollow cylinder shape, the shape obtained by a suitable measure, such as the welding of the resulting gap, fixed.

In a particular embodiment of the method, it is provided that only after production of the raw form of the component and application of the microstructure elements into the tubular component, the concave curvatures are incorporated. This means that a tube which is provided with the microstructure, or even a component already provided with microstructure, which is formed into a tube, is provided with the concave and optionally, depending on the configuration, with the convex curvatures only after application of the microstructure elements becomes. The advantage lies in particular in the process configuration of forming a flat, microstructured component into a tube, in that a tube having a microstructure arranged on the inner surface can be produced in a simple manner and with good quality. Such a tube can essentially be provided, like a comparable tube of the same material and cross-section, with the concave and / or convex curvatures, since the microstructure exerts only insignificant influence on the axial resistance moment of the tube and due to the fixed connection of the microstructure elements, no damage to these elements done by the generation of the vaults.

The invention also extends to a method in which the method steps according to the invention of applying a resist in the form of a lacquer with the method steps of deforming a substantially planar component to form a tube after the microstructural elements have already been applied are realized.

• Fig. 1: eine schematische Darstellung der Erhöhung der Siedeleistung mit Mikrostrukturen beschichteter Strukturrohre;
• Fig. 2: eine graphische Darstellung des Wärmeflusses mit Verwendung der mikrostrukturierten Rohre;
• Fig. 3; eine graphische Darstellung der Verbesserung des k-Wertes;
• Fig. 4: Ausbildungen der Mikrostrukturen auf den Strukturrohren,
• Fig. 4a/b: die Oberflächen von Strukturrohren mit und ohne Oberflächenstruktur,
• Fig. 4c: eine Darstellung des Siedevorganges bei mikrostrukturierten Strukturrohren;
• Fig. 5: einen nach der Erfindung gestalteten Rohrbündelwärmeübertrager;
• Fig. 6: eine Anwendung der Rohre in Reaktoren mit endothermen Reaktionsabläufen;
• Fig. 7: eine Anwendung der Rohre in Reaktoren mit exothermen Reaktionsabläufen;
• Fig. 8: eine schematische Darstellung eines Rohrröhrenreaktors;
• Fig. 9: eine Ausbildung einer Grundbeschichtung auf dem Strukturrohr,
• Fig. 9a: einen Ausschnitt der Grundbeschichtung auf der Rohrwand mit ausgeführter Struktur;
• Fig. 10: eine schematische Darstellung der lonenbestrahlung zur Erzeugung der Tracks,
• Fig. 10a: einen vergrößerten Ausschnitt der Ionenspuren;
• Fig. 11: einen Vorgang der UV-Bestrahlung in einer schematischen Darstellung,
• Fig. 11a: einen Ausschnitt der Lackschicht nach Fig. 11 mit den UV-sensibilisierten Tracks;
• Fig. 12: eine schematische Darstellung eines chemischen Ätzvorganges,
• Fig. 12a: einen Ausschnitt der Grundbeschichtung in der Struktur mit eingeätzten Mikroporen;
• Fig. 13: eine schematische Darstellung des Vorganges einer galvanischen Abformung der Mikrostrukturen,
• Fig. 13a: einen Ausschnitt vergrößert mit in der Grundbeschichtung ausgebildeten Mikroporen;
• Fig. 14: in schematischer Darstellung den Lösungsprozess zur Freilegung der Strukturoberfläche,
• Fig. 14a: einen vergrößerten Ausschnitt der Oberfläche des Strukturrohres mit darauf befindlichen Mikrostrukturen;
• Fig. 15: eine Ausführungsart des Aufbringen der Membran in einer schematischen Darstellung in einer Vorderansicht;
• Fig. 16: eine weitere Ausführungsart des Aufbringens der Membran in einer schematischen Darstellung in einer Seitenansicht;
• Fig. 17: eine andere Ausführungsart des Aufbringen der Membran in einer schematischen Darstellung in einer Seitenansicht;
• Fig. 18: eine schematische Darstellung eines Durchlaufs des mit einer Membran belegten Rohres;
• Fig. 19: das Andrücken der Polymermembran in die konkaven Bereiche;
• Fig. 20: das Andrücken der Polymermembran in einem berührungslosen Vorgang;
• Fig. 21 : eine Form des Andrücken der Polymermembran auf ein Rohr mit flexiblen Rollen in einer Vorderansicht;
• Fig. 22: einen Durchlauf des Aufbringens und berührungslosen Fixierens der Polymermembran in einer graphischen Darstellung, abgebildet in den Bereichen I, II, III;
• Fig. 23: eine Darstellung des formschlüssigen Aufbringen der Membran auf ein plattenförmiges Bauteil;
• Fig. 24: eine Darstellung eines durch Verformung hergestellten rohrförmigen Bauteiles mit mikrostrukturierter Innenfläche;
• Fig. 25: eine erste Verformungsstufe bei der Herstellung eines rohrförmigen Bauteiles mit mikrostrukturierter Innenfläche;
• Fig. 26: eine zweite Verformungsstufe;
• Fig. 27: eine dritte Verformungsstufe mit untergestelltem Amboss;
• Fig. 28: eine vierte Verformungsstufe mit untergestelltem Amboss und Figuration eines Halbrohres;
• Fig. 29: eine weitere Verformungsstufe mit seitlich angelegten Spannbacken und untergestelltem Amboss;
• Fig. 30: eine abschließende Verformungsstufe mit fertig geformtem Bauteil und
• Fig. 31: ein in Haltebacken eingeführtes fertig geformtes Bauteil zum Aufbringen der Verbindungsnaht

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment. In the accompanying drawings show:

• Fig. 1 : a schematic representation of the increase in the boiling power with microstructures coated structural tubes;
• Fig. 2 a graph of heat flow using the microstructured tubes;
• Fig. 3 ; a graphic representation of the improvement of the k value;
• Fig. 4 : Formations of microstructures on the structural pipes,
• Fig. 4a / b: the surfaces of structural pipes with and without surface structure,
• Fig. 4c : a representation of the boiling process in microstructured structural tubes;
• Fig. 5 a tube bundle heat exchanger designed in accordance with the invention;
• Fig. 6 : an application of the tubes in reactors with endothermic reactions;
• Fig. 7 : an application of the tubes in reactors with exothermic reactions;
• Fig. 8 : a schematic representation of a tubular tube reactor;
• Fig. 9 a formation of a primer coating on the structure pipe,
• Fig. 9a a section of the base coating on the pipe wall with executed structure;
• Fig. 10 : a schematic representation of the ion irradiation for generating the tracks,
• Fig. 10a : an enlarged section of ion traces;
• Fig. 11 : a process of UV irradiation in a schematic representation,
• Fig. 11a : a section of the paint layer after Fig. 11 with the UV-sensitized tracks;
• Fig. 12 : a schematic representation of a chemical etching process,
• Fig. 12a a section of the base coat in the structure with etched micropores;
• Fig. 13 : a schematic representation of the process of a galvanic molding of the microstructures,
• Fig. 13a a section enlarged with formed in the base coating micropores;
• Fig. 14 in a schematic representation of the solution process for exposing the structure surface,
• Fig. 14a : an enlarged section of the surface of the structure tube with microstructures thereon;
• Fig. 15 Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of applying the membrane in a schematic representation in a front view;
• Fig. 16 a further embodiment of the application of the membrane in a schematic representation in a side view;
• Fig. 17 another embodiment of the application of the membrane in a schematic representation in a side view;
• Fig. 18 a schematic representation of a passage of the tube occupied by a membrane;
• Fig. 19 : pressing the polymer membrane into the concave areas;
• Fig. 20 : pressing the polymer membrane in a non-contact process;
• Fig. 21 a form of pressing the polymer membrane onto a tube with flexible rollers in a front view;
• Fig. 22 FIG. 1 is a graph of the application and contactless fixing of the polymer membrane in a graphic representation shown in regions I, II, III; FIG.
• Fig. 23 a representation of the positive application of the membrane to a plate-shaped component;
• Fig. 24 a representation of a deformed tubular member with a microstructured inner surface;
• Fig. 25 a first deformation stage in the manufacture of a tubular component with a microstructured inner surface;
• Fig. 26 a second deformation step;
• Fig. 27 a third deformation stage with anvil underfoot;
• Fig. 28 a fourth stage of deformation with anvil underfoot and figuration of a half pipe;
• Fig. 29 a further deformation stage with laterally applied clamping jaws and anvil underfoot;
• Fig. 30 : a final deformation stage with finished molded component and
• Fig. 31 : a finished molded component introduced into holding jaws for applying the connecting seam

Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of the increase in heat output, shown in a coordinate system compared with other types of pipes. The temperature is plotted on the horizontal axis and the heat coefficient on the vertical axis. The The dashed line is for the representation of a coefficient of thermal conductivity of a smooth-walled pipe, the dot-dash line immediately above it for the representation of the thermal coefficient of a sinoidal minor-shaped structure pipe, and the dotted line represents the heat transfer performance of a microstructured structure pipe with sinoidal minor shapes. One more familiar with matter A person skilled in the art readily recognizes that a multiple increase in the heat transfer performance has been achieved in the case of the microstructured tubes designed according to the invention compared with other types of tubes.

Fig. 2 shows in a graph in comparison with plain tubes, simple structured tubes and microstructured structural tubes improving the heat flow. The person skilled in the art immediately recognizes that the heat flow increases significantly when the tubes equipped with sinoidal secondary forms are provided with microstructures.

The graph according to Fig. 3 Figure 3 shows an improvement in the k value achieved in sinoidal sheathed tubes whose surface is provided with microstructures. The k-value increases from the tube provided with normal sinoidal secondary forms, from 4000 W / m ² K to 9000 W / m ² K, compared to a pipe of the same type provided with microstructures.

Fig. 4 shows the location and arrangement of the microstructures on a tube with sinoidal minor forms. Fig. 4a and 4b show the formation of the surfaces of pipes with sinoidal minor forms in which a pipe according to Fig. 4a a bare surface and according to Fig. 4b having a surface covered with microstructures. Here it can be seen that the concave structural surfaces are not covered with microstructures. Fig. 4c introduces a boiling process, from which it can be seen that the boiling picture is very relaxed and intense.

The Fig. 5 discloses a use of the microstructured sinoidal sheathed tubes in a shell and tube heat exchanger 1. The inlet of the heat transfer medium is marked with the Pfeii 4 and its exit from the heat exchanger with the arrow 5. The arrow 2 indicates the entry of supercooled or boiling liquid in the heat exchanger to be introduced without steam, which after a reaction time in the reactor as saturated - Or wet steam emerges again from the heat exchanger 1 at the arrow 3. The provided with sinoidafen secondary forms, microstructured on their outer surfaces tubes 6 equipped heat exchanger. 1 contains between the tubes 6, a medium which is introduced as hot water or oil, cools in the tube bundle heat exchanger 1. However, the medium may also be steam, in the present case as saturated or wet steam, which condenses completely or partially on the tubes 6. In the heat exchanger 1 of this type, the heat transfer medium flows through the tubes 6 of the heat exchanger 1 in the direction of its longitudinal axis and exits in the direction of the arrow 5. It may be necessary for a proper function that the evaporating medium flowing around the tubes 6, is very pure, because the microstructures of the tubes can clog up and. Preferably, refrigerants, silicone oils and high-purity water condensate and other substances are used. The expert familiar with processes of this kind readily recognizes that in a tube bundle heat exchanger 1 equipped with microstructured surfaces and sinoidal secondary forms, the tubes are used as condenser tubes. In such types of transformers, the heat transfer medium is cold and the vaporous medium flowing around the tube is made to condense.

Further fields of application of the tubes and components according to the invention are in the polymerization, for. B. vinyl chloride to PVC, as well as in the cleavage, such. B. settled in the dewaxing of petroleum and other organic oils. These processes, illustrated in basic embodiments, will be explained in part by using the reactions in the vicinity of a tube wall 9 of a sinoidal minor forms microstructured tube 20. The example of denitrification, which takes place in an endothermic process, is shown in FIG Fig. 6 the arrows 10, the heat transport from the interior of the tube to the pipe wall 9, which is to be provided on its outer surface with microstructures 8 and catalytically effective. The graph shows in an outgoing direction the splitting into N ₂ and O ₂ and in a direction towards the microstructures the access of NO.

In Fig. 7 is shown in the course of an exothermic process, the removal of heat from the tube walls 9; which are provided on their outer surface with sinoidal minor forms and carry microstructures. The CO is directed to the catalytically active microstructure of the tube surface and goes as CO ₂ from this. The person reading in the art recognizes from such partial representation that the reaction zone basically extends around the tubes and the catalyst is located only in the region of the microstructured zone. The microstructure 8 can itself consist of catalytic material, for. B. of copper or nickel. Another possibility of the application is to be seen in that the microstructure 8 is covered with a catalytically active layer, for example consisting of metal oxides or noble metals. The reader One skilled in the art readily recognizes that a significantly increased surface area results here compared with smooth-walled pipes or pipes with sinoidal secondary forms. This process finds general application in the field of synthesis, for. B. in the Fischer-Tropsch process, represented in the basic formula
catalyst

nCO + (n + I) H ₂ O → H ₂ (CH ₂ ) n + ½ (n + I) O ₂

in the polymerization, for. B. Venyl chloride to PVC.

CO

Kohlenmonoxid

H₂

molekularer Wasserstoff

O₂

molekularer Sauerstoff

CH₂

Kohlenwasserstoff monomer

H₂(CH₂)n

n-gliedriges Alkali

CH

Methan

n

Anzahl der Monomere

Further reaction processes can be found in the fission, such as the dewaxing of petroleum or the gasification of organic oils, represented in the formula for fission gas generation:
catalyst

H ₂ (CH ₂₎ n + (n + I) → H ₂ nCH ₄

In the formulas mean:

CO

Carbon monoxide

H ₂

molecular hydrogen

O ₂

molecular oxygen

CH ₂

Hydrocarbon monomer

H ₂ (CH ₂ ) n

n-limbed alkali

CH

methane

n

Number of monomers

The realized solution can also be used in other types of apparatus, such. B. in tubular reactors, use, for. B. according to the in Fig. 8 shown tubular reactor, which differs from the apparatus according to Fig. 5 differs in that it has a high space and equipment volume. The pipes are arranged vertically and the reaction usually takes place on a pipe. Here, the reversal of the applicability of the pipes equipped with sinoidal secondary forms and microstructures makes sense. The Fig. 8 shows here a reactor with serpentine bundles in gas trains. According to this embodiment, the entrance of the gas in the direction of the arrow 13 or alternatively in another wind direction according to the arrow 13 'is indicated. The heat transfer medium is introduced at the arrow 14 in the reactor and leaves it in the direction of arrow 14 \ A similar usability finds this technology in flagpole bundles in other reactors.

The microstructured tubes having sinoidal minor shapes used in the aforementioned types of heat exchangers and reactors have no microstructured surface in the concave minor shapes. However, they ensure a high degree of utilization of the advantages of microstructuring on structural pipes of this type and fill the solution implemented according to the invention. As shown Fig. 9 and the following figures will be presented on the basis of the embodiment, a tube type with sinoidal minor forms whose concave surfaces of the structure of minor forms including the non-structured surfaces is completely covered with microstructures. The solution shown increases the transmission effect of the microstructure by the increased effective area by a multiple. They are manufactured according to a technology whose process is to be described below:

Fig. 9 FIG. 2 shows in the section of a structured tube 20 prepared for the production of a base coat, here as an ion-beam-sensitive lacquer layer 32, which is preferably formed with polycarbonate 34. In the exemplary embodiment, the pipe section 20 is immersed in a paint bath and completely enclosed by the paint 32 with its surface, in which the sinoidal structures are incorporated. In this case, the lacquer layer 32 in its flexible mode of operation can flow into the secondary form 16 of the structure of the pipe surface and cover it completely, as it is in Fig. 9a has been shown.

A continuation of the procedure shows the Fig. 10 , Here the tube 20 or the tube section is exposed to ion irradiation. The irradiation direction is perpendicular to the tube axis, as indicated by the arrows 36 and thereby apply both to the structured side shapes 16 and to the non-structured surfaces of the tube 20, which rotates about its longitudinal center axis, as indicated by the arrow 35 , Fig. 10a shows here a detail of the ion irradiation exposed tube 20 in the partial region of a concave structure. As a result of the ion irradiation, latent ion traces, so-called tracks, are formed in the now-uniform lacquer layer 32, as shown by the arrows 37, which are directed onto the lacquer layer 32.

According to Fig. 11 the tube 20 with the lacquer layer 32 then receives in the course of the process a UV irradiation which is directed from all sides, as shown by the arrows 38, to the pipe surface. The UV irradiation sensitizes the latent ion traces 37 of the forming tracks in the lacquer layer 32, as in FIG Fig. 11 a shown in an enlarged section. During UV irradiation, the tube should not rotate because the UV irradiation takes place in a closed chamber and impinges on all sides on the paint surface. In a further process step, the chemical etching of the now irradiated base layer of polycarbonate varnish 32 in an etching 39 in which it dwells for a certain time takes place. In the chemical etching, the temperature and the etching concentration of the etching bath are adjusted and moved by stirring that the latent ion traces be etched and thereby form micropores 40 in the paint layer 32, as it is in Fig. 12a is visible in a section. In this case, the polycarbonate varnish 32 receives a defined porosity on the surface. The micropores 40 penetrate the lacquer layer 32 and expose the affected surfaces of the tube 20 so that in the Galvanoabformung according to Fig. 13 the microstructures on the tube 20 can be made. For this purpose, the tube 20 is contacted with the porous surface finish as the cathode and introduced into the electrodeposition bath 33, in which a Cu electrolyte is contained. The plating process causes the microstructures 44 in the micropores 40 to grow by filling them, as shown in FIG Fig. 13a is shown. Here, from the surface of the tube 20, the microstructures 44 in the form of microspikes grow in the lacquer layer 32. As a last step, the microstructured surface is exposed, as shown in FIG Fig. 14 is presented by the tube 20 is immersed in a solvent bath 45.
In this case, the base coat, here formed as a lacquer layer 32, detached and formed the microstructured surface of the tube 20 with side shapes. The microstructure 8 thus produced now covers, as in Fig. 14a The entire surface of the sinoidal minor-shaped tube is shown to be continuous and uniform on both its concave and convex portions.

In another embodiment of the microstructuring method, a structural tube 20 provided with sinoidal minor shapes is shown. Follow this Fig. 15 formed tube 20 is a film tube 21 is applied as a primer coating, which has been provided as a polymer membrane for the process of microstructuring and processed accordingly. The reading expert recognizes here without further ado,
that it is a shrink tube. The treatment is carried out so that the tube 21 has been heated to a certain state and thereby expands. As a result of the expansion, the radial extension increases and is suitable for covering the pipe over a specific length of a longitudinal section or over the entire extension of the pipe by sliding it onto the pipe or inserting the pipe 20 into the hose 21. In this case, the tube 21 covers the convex and concave portions of the tube 20. Before its cooling, the radial extent of the tube 20 in a loose pad and be wrapped around the tube 20 in a partially fitting form.

After cooling and shrinking of the tube 21, the structure of the minor shape is covered in a complete positive fit, as in Fig. 16 shown.
Another embodiment of enveloping the structural tube 20 is shown in FIG Fig. 17 explained. It shows that the tube 20 is wrapped over the convex portions of the tube 20 in a predetermined portion of its longitudinal extent by a flat sheathing film 22 in a wrapping process and according to Fig. 18 is terminated by the film 22 is sealed with a seam in shock in the direction of the longitudinal center axis of the tube.

According to the 15 to 18 the film tube 21, as well as the jacket films 22 loosely adhering, not on the surface of the structural tube 20 is not form-fitting. A first-conceived possibility to bring the sheathing, whether tube 21 or foil 22, to positive locking, is seen in shrinking the foil by cooling on the tube 20. This process could be incomplete because the film 22 does not touch the concave areas 16 of the structure tube 20 in a form-fitting manner, but is stretched over them by the shrinking process.

One way of positively covering the concave areas of the structural tube 20 with the sheathing foils 22 is to see that according to FIG Fig. 19 the tube 20 is guided concentrically through a chamber 24. The inner walls of the chamber 24 are provided with pressing elements 25, z. As solid bristles and / or flexible, fast-expanding materials provided which press the casing film 22 and the film tube 21 in the still soft, warmed state positively in the concave portions of the sinoidal secondary forms, as in Fig. 22 is basically arranged in section H.

Fig. 20 shows a further embodiment of the positive application of the sheath 22 or the film tube 21 by inserting the tube 20 in a chamber 24 in a concentric position. In the chamber 24 high-pressure nozzles 26 are arranged, the pressure jet is directed to the film tube 21 or on the casing film 22, which cover the structure tube 20. The high-pressure nozzles 26 can produce a warm or cold-tempered pressure jet which, depending on the type of film of the base coating, embodied as a sheath or hose 21, presses it positively into the concave regions of the sinoidal secondary forms of the structural pipe 20.

Another embodiment shows the Fig. 21 , Here, the tube 20 can be seen in sections. The section is equipped with a film tube 21 or with a jacket film 22, which are in a flexible, according to the embodiment heated state, in the course region of the structures 16 are in the direction of the longitudinal center axis of the tube 20 pressure rollers 18; 18 '; The pinch rollers 18, 18 ', 18 "are made of a solid core to which a flexible, conformable coating is associated. They may have their own drive or be moved by rolling friction on the tube 20, which is transported forward in the direction of the rollers and passes through them. As the tube 20 passes through, the flexible coating penetrates into the concave regions of the sinoidal secondary forms and presses the still soft flexible covering film 22 or the film tube 21, now fitting as a base coating, into these regions in a form-fitting manner. This type of press-fitting of the casing film 22 into the concave regions of the structure 16 is completed by fixing the pressed-in and positively fitting structure.

Fig. 22 shows in schematic form the process of passing through a with a sheath 22 or a tubular film 21 enclosed structural tube 20. For better clarity, the areas with Roman numerals I; Designated II and III. In region I, the structure tube 20 in the mounting region 28 is provided with a film tube 21 or a cover film 22 and is kept at a temperature controlled by heating nozzles 30 distributed on its circumference. It is then moved into the region II, which forms the film tube 21 or the covering film 22 in a form-fitting manner into the concave regions of the structure 16 with contact or without contact. The section HI, into which the tube 20 or the tube section is moved, is the cooling zone 29. In this zone, the form-fitting jacket 22 of the structural tube 20 is treated with cooling nozzles 31 which are distributed around its circumference and initiate a shrinking process is formed, that the sheath 21, 22 shrinks, without destroying the positive connection from the concave areas. The sheathed tube 20 now present has a sheathing foil 22 in a form-fitting manner in all regions of the structural tube 20 as a polymer membrane and is prepared for the application of the microstructure 8 both in the convex and in the concave sections of the structure tube 20.

Fig. 23 shows the basic representation of a plane-parallel, straight-sided component 15 with molded sinoidal secondary forms, to which the polymer membrane in the form of a Jacket film 17 is placed. Due to the loose support of the film 17, this is not yet arranged in a form-fitting manner in the structures 16 of the component 15. The positive connection is made by rollers 18; 18 ', which are arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the component 15 opposite each other and have a flexible coating, which remains when rolling over the concave partial -27-Formschiuss with the component.

The person reading in the field recognizes that here, for the realization of the technological process, a covering film 22 or flat film 17 is required whose molecular structure is designed such that it permits free shrinking. The sheathing or covering of the component may during the shrinkage of the film 22; 17, which is used as a polymer membrane in carrying out the catalysis for producing the microstructure, do not pass from the positive connection with the concave areas. The polymer membrane may consist of poliofilene PTFE, which is commercially available and has the desired properties. The heat shrink tubing made from it is used as a Vilon shrink tubing.
The invention therefore provides that the region III is to be designed as a cooling region in such a way that the encased tube closure provided with a positive connection is not only cooled and brought to shrink, but during the shrinking process with retaining pressing elements in the manner as in FIG Fig. 19 represented, can be equipped. For this purpose, the region III is to be extended so that large longitudinal sections of the tube 20 or components 15 are simultaneously sheathed. A further embodiment can be recognized in that the region III is provided with high-pressure nozzles, as shown above, but working in a chamber enclosing the component or the tube and shock-like with very high pressure, the film in the concave sections during the shock-like cooling process stops and cools. Another embodiment is to perform the shrink tube as a hose or as a flat merged structure and its inside, so the side facing the component, with a Haftmitte! to be provided, which is brought into positive engagement after pressing on the surface of the component in particular in the concave areas of the polymer membrane. The expert familiar with the subject sees immediately that this adhesive must be designed so that the catalytic process is not impaired on the provided with sinoidal secondary forms tubes or sheets of material. The technical information of the embodiment clearly shows that starting with the Fig. 15 Embodiments of applying the base coat are shown as in Fig. 9 was performed with the use of the lacquer layer 32. The person skilled in the art knows of course that in Course of the procedure a further processing of the base layers must take place, in the way, as in Fig. 10 and further figures has been shown. In principle, the shape of the further processing does not deviate from the prior art of applying microstructures to metal bodies.

The expert commissioned with the solution of such a task is now in the position, when the information is readily able to transmit the information presented here for technical action, which are largely formed on bodies with uniformly or non-uniformly curved surfaces on components in the form are formed of material webs. The mechanical as well as the chemical and electrolytic processes are to be applied so uniformly that an inventive step is not necessary in order to mold microstructures on components whose flat surfaces have structures with sinoidal shapes in a galvanic process. The technical progress and the inventive achievement are that it is clearly shown that pipes and components are to be provided with microstructures that not only their convex parts of the surfaces, but also their concave structures can be covered with microstructures and thus the reaction surface microstructures, whether for transfer of heat or for chemical or catalytic reactions.

Fig. 24 shows a component 47, which is deformed into a tube 46 and has been welded to a longitudinal seam. On the inside of the tube 46 microstructures are arranged so that they form a largely closed, microstructured inner surface 48.

Fig. 25 shows a first method step for producing a tube 46 from a flat, planar component 47, of which a surface is equipped with microstructures 48. The component 47 is between clamping jaws 51; 51 'clamped and prepared for a deformation process. In this case, the surface with the microstructures is arranged so that it can form the inner surface of the later-shaped tube.

Fig. 26 shows a first progress of the deformation of the component 47, by the clamping jaws 51; 51 'with an inwardly and upward directed deformation movement, the planar member 47 in a direction concave to the inner surface 48 and in the further movement according to Fig. 27 the component 47 further deformed resting on an anvil 52, which generates a holding pressure, with the aid of which in a further movement of the clamping jaws 51; 51 'the component 47 in the form according to Fig. 28 is formed into a half tube. For further deformation to the outer surface of the now available Half pipe forming punch 53; 54 applied, which the component 47, initially present as a half pipe with legs still stretched, gradually by merging the forming die 53; Give the component 47 with sliding deformation process the final tubular design, as it is in Fig. 30 is shown. Here is the tube, with its outer edges colliding, not yet connected. It is advantageous that the now merged shaping punches 53; 54 and the anvil 52 maintaining their configuration, are placed in a rotating movement around the pipe so as to give the not yet connected pipe a uniformly curved contour and a circular cross-section.

Fig. 11a:

einen Ausschnitt der Lackschicht nach Fig. 11 mit den UV-sensibilisierten Tracks;

Fig. 12:

eine schematische Darstellung eines chemischen Ätzvorganges,

Fig. 12a:

einen Ausschnitt der Grundbeschichtung in der Struktur mit eingeätzten Mikroporen;

Fig. 13:

eine schematische Darstellung des Vorganges einer galvanischen Abformung der Mikrostrukturen,

Fig. 13a:

einen Ausschnitt vergrößert mit in der Grundbeschichtung ausgebildeten Mikroporen;

Fig. 14:

in schematischer Darstellung den Lösungsprozess zur Freilegung der Strukturoberfläche,

Fig. 14a:

einen vergrößerten Ausschnitt der Oberfläche des Strukturrohres mit darauf befindlichen Mikrostrukturen;

Fig. 15:

eine Ausführungsart des Aufbringens der Membran in einer schematischen Darstellung in einer Vorderansicht;

Fig. 16:

eine weitere Ausführungsart des Aufbringens der Membran in einer schematischen Darstellung in einer Seitenansicht;

Fig. 17:

eine andere Ausführungsart des Aufbringens der Membran in einer schematischen Darstellung in einer Seitenansicht;

Fig. 18:

eine schematische Darstellung eines Durchlaufs des mit einer Membran belegten Rohres;

Fig. 19:

das Andrücken der Polymermembran in die konkaven Bereiche;

Fig. 20:

das Andrücken der Polymermembran in einem berührungslosen Vorgang;

Fig. 21:

eine Form des Andrückens der Polymermembran auf ein Rohr mit flexiblen Rollen in einer Vorderansicht;

Fig. 22:

einen Durchlauf des Aufbringens und berührungslosen Fixierens der Polymermembran in einer graphischen Darstellung, abgebildet in den Bereichen I, II, III;

Fig. 23:

eine Darstellung des formschlüssigen Aufbringens der Membran auf ein plattenförmiges Bauteil;

Fig. 24:

eine Darstellung eines durch Verformung hergestellten rohrförmigen Bauteiles mit mikrostrukturierter Innenfläche;

Fig. 25:

eine erste Verformungsstufe bei der Herstellung eines rohrförmigen Bauteiles mit mikrostrukturierter Innenfläche;

Fig. 26:

eine zweite Verformungsstufe;

Fig. 27:

eine dritte Verformungsstufe mit untergestelltem Amboss;

Fig. 28:

eine vierte Verformungsstufe mit untergestelltem Amboss und Figuration eines Halbrohres;

Fig. 29:

eine weitere Verformungsstufe mit seitlich angelegten Spannbacken und untergestelltem Amboss;

Fig. 30:

eine abschließende Verformungsstufe mit fertig geformtem Bauteil und

Fig. 31:

ein in Haltebacken eingeführtes fertig geformtes Bauteil zum Aufbringen der Verbindungsnaht.

Next will be in Fig. 31 illustrated that in the ongoing deformation process, the rotationally symmetrical deformed component 47 holding jaws
55; 55 'which receives the tubular member 47 therebetween for welding the material joint for a welding head 56
feed, which provides the now completed tube 46 for a tray for completion with a continuous weld 57.

Fig. 11a:

a section of the paint layer after Fig. 11 with the UV-sensitized tracks;

Fig. 12:

a schematic representation of a chemical etching process,

Fig. 12a:

a section of the base coat in the structure with etched micropores;

Fig. 13:

a schematic representation of the process of a galvanic impression of the microstructures,

Fig. 13a:

a section enlarged with formed in the base coating micropores;

Fig. 14:

a schematic representation of the solution process for exposing the structure surface,

Fig. 14a:

an enlarged section of the surface of the structure tube with microstructures thereon;

Fig. 15:

an embodiment of the application of the membrane in a schematic representation in a front view;

Fig. 16:

a further embodiment of the application of the membrane in a schematic representation in a side view;

Fig. 17:

another embodiment of the application of the membrane in a schematic representation in a side view;

Fig. 18:

a schematic representation of a passage of the membrane occupied with a tube;

Fig. 19:

pressing the polymer membrane into the concave areas;

Fig. 20:

pressing the polymer membrane in a non-contact process;

Fig. 21:

a form of pressing the polymer membrane on a tube with flexible rollers in a front view;

Fig. 22:

a run of application and contactless fixing of the polymer membrane in a graphic representation, shown in the areas I, II, III;

Fig. 23:

a representation of the positive application of the membrane to a plate-shaped member;

Fig. 24:

an illustration of a manufactured by deformation tubular component with a microstructured inner surface;

Fig. 25:

a first deformation stage in the manufacture of a tubular component with a microstructured inner surface;

Fig. 26:

a second deformation stage;

Fig. 27:

a third stage of deformation with anvil underfoot;

Fig. 28:

a fourth stage of deformation with anvil underfoot and figuration of a half pipe;

Fig. 29:

a further deformation stage with laterally applied clamping jaws and anvil underfoot;

Fig. 30:

a final deformation stage with finished molded component and

Fig. 31:

an introduced in holding jaws finished molded component for applying the connecting seam.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of the increase in heat output, shown in a coordinate system compared with other types of pipes. The temperature is plotted on the horizontal axis and the heat coefficient on the vertical axis. The dotted line is for the representation of a coefficient of thermal conductivity of a smooth-walled pipe, the dot-dash line immediately above it for the representation of the thermal coefficient of a sinoidal minor-patterned structural pipe, and the dotted line represents the heat transfer performance of a microstructured structure pipe having sinoidal minor shapes. One with matter One skilled in the art readily recognizes that a multiple increase in the heat transfer performance in the case of the microstructured pipes designed according to the invention has been achieved in comparison to other types of pipe.

Fig. 2 shows in a graph in comparison with plain tubes, simple structured tubes and microstructured structural tubes improving the heat flow. The person skilled in the art immediately recognizes that the heat flow increases significantly when the tubes equipped with sinoidal secondary forms are provided with microstructures.

The graph according to Fig. 3 Figure 3 shows an improvement in the k value achieved in sinoidal sheathed tubes whose surface is provided with microstructures. The k-value increases from the tube provided with normal sinoidal secondary forms, from 4000 W / m ² K to 9000 W / m ² K, compared to a pipe of the same type provided with microstructures.

Fig. 4 shows the location and arrangement of the microstructures on a tube with sinoidal minor forms. Fig. 4a and 4b show the formation of the surfaces of pipes with sinoidal minor forms in which a pipe according to Fig. 4a a bare surface and according to Fig. 4b having a surface covered with microstructures. Here it can be seen that the concave structural surfaces are not covered with microstructures. Fig. 4c introduces a boiling process, from which it can be seen that the boiling picture is very relaxed and intense.

The Fig. 5 discloses a use of the microstructured sinoidal sheathed tubes in a shell and tube heat exchanger 1. The inlet of the heat transfer medium is indicated by the arrow 4 and its exit from the heat exchanger with the arrow 5. The arrow 2 indicates the entry of supercooled or boiling liquid in the heat exchanger, which is to be introduced without steam, after a reaction time in the reactor as saturated - Or wet steam emerges again from the heat exchanger 1 at the arrow 3. The provided with sinoidal minor forms, microstructured on their outer surfaces tubes 6 equipped heat exchanger 1 contains between the tubes 6, a medium introduced as hot water or oil, cools in the tube bundle heat exchanger 1. However, the medium may also be steam, in the present case as saturated or wet steam, which condenses completely or partially on the tubes 6. In the heat exchanger 1 of this type, the heat transfer medium flows through the tubes 6 of the heat exchanger 1 in the direction of its longitudinal axis and exits in the direction of the arrow 5. It may be necessary for a proper function that the evaporating medium flowing around the tubes 6, is very pure, because the microstructures of the tubes can clog up and. Preferably, find refrigerants, silicone oils and high purity water condensate and other substances use. The expert familiar with processes of this kind readily recognizes that in a tube bundle heat exchanger 1 equipped with microstructured surfaces and sinoidal secondary forms, the tubes are used as condenser tubes. In such types of transformers, the heat transfer medium is cold and the vaporous medium flowing around the tube is made to condense.

Further applications of the tubes and components of the invention are in the polymerization, z. B. vinyl chloride to PVC, as well as in the cleavage, such. B. settled in the dewaxing of petroleum and other organic oils. These processes, illustrated in basic embodiments, will be explained in part by using the reactions in the vicinity of a tube wall 9 of a sinoidal minor forms microstructured tube 20. The example of denitrification, which takes place in an endothermic process, is shown in FIG Fig. 6 the arrows 10, the heat transport from the interior of the tube to the pipe wall 9, which is to be provided on its outer surface with microstructures 8 and catalytically effective. The graph shows in an outgoing direction the splitting into N ₂ and O ₂ and in a direction facing the microstructures the access of NO.

In Fig. 7 is shown in the course of an exothermic process, the removal of heat from the tube walls 9; which are provided on their outer surface with sinoidal minor forms and carry microstructures. The CO is directed to the catalytically active microstructure of the tube surface and goes as CO ₂ from this. The person reading in the art recognizes from such partial representation that the reaction zone basically extends around the tubes and the catalyst is located only in the region of the microstructured zone. The microstructure 8 can itself consist of catalytic material, for. B. of copper or nickel. Another possibility of the application is to be seen in that the microstructure 8 is covered with a catalytically active layer, for example consisting of metal oxides or noble metals. The person skilled in the art readily recognizes that a significantly increased surface results in comparison with smooth-walled pipes or pipes with sinoidal secondary forms. This process finds general application in the field of synthesis, for. B. in the Fischer-Tropsch process, represented in the basic formula
catalyst

nCO + (n + I) H ₂ O → H ₂ (CH ₂ ) _n + ½ (n + I) O ₂

in the polymerization, for. B. Venyl chloride to PVC.

CO

Kohlenmonoxid

H₂

molekularer Wasserstoff

O₂

molekularer Sauerstoff

CH₂

Kohlenwasserstoff monomer

H₂(CH₂)_n

n-gliedriges Alkali

CH

Methan

n

Anzahl der Monomere

Further reaction processes can be found in the fission, such as the dewaxing of petroleum or the gasification of organic oils, represented in the formula for fission gas generation:
catalyst

H ₂ (CH _{2) n} + (n + I) → H ₂ nCH ₄

In the formulas mean:

CO

Carbon monoxide

H ₂

molecular hydrogen

O ₂

molecular oxygen

CH ₂

Hydrocarbon monomer

H ₂ (CH ₂ ) _n

n-limbed alkali

CH

methane

n

Number of monomers

The solution according to the invention can also be used in other types of apparatus, such. B. in tubular reactors, use, for. B. according to the in Fig. 8 shown tubular reactor, which differs from the apparatus according to Fig. 5 differs in that it has a high volume and equipment volume. The pipes are arranged vertically and the reaction usually takes place on a pipe. Here, the reversal of the applicability of the pipes equipped with sinoidal secondary forms and microstructures makes sense. The Fig. 8 shows here a reactor with serpentine bundles in gas trains. According to this embodiment, the inlet of the gas is indicated in the direction of the arrow 13 or alternatively in another direction of action according to the arrow 13 '. The heat transfer medium is introduced at the arrow 14 into the reactor and leaves it in the direction of the arrow 14 '. A similar usability finds this technology in flagpole bundles of other reactors.

The microstructured tubes having sinoidal minor shapes used in the aforementioned types of heat exchangers and reactors have no microstructured surface in the concave minor shapes. However, they ensure a high degree of utilization of the advantages of microstructuring on structural pipes of this type and fill the solution according to the invention. As shown Fig. 9 and the following figures are based on the embodiment, a tube type with sinoidal secondary forms whose concave surfaces of the structure of minor shapes, including the non-textured surfaces, are completely covered with microstructures. The solution shown increases the transmission effect of the microstructure by the increased effective area by a multiple. They are manufactured according to a technology whose process is to be described below:
Fig. 9 FIG. 12 shows a portion of a patterned tube 20 prepared for the formation of a base coat, here as an ion beam sensitive resist layer 32, preferably formed with polycarbonate 34. In the exemplary embodiment, the pipe section 20 is immersed in a paint bath and completely enclosed by the paint 32 with its surface, in which the sinoidal structures are incorporated. In this case, the lacquer layer 32 in its flexible mode of operation can flow into the secondary form 16 of the structure of the pipe surface and cover it completely, as it is in Fig. 9a has been shown.

A continuation of the procedure shows the Fig. 10 , Here, the tube 20 or the tube section is exposed to ion irradiation. The irradiation direction is perpendicular to the tube axis, as indicated by the arrows 36, and thereby apply both to the structured side molds 16 and on the non-structured surfaces of the tube 20, which rotates about its longitudinal center axis, as the arrow 35th indicates. Fig. 10a shows here a detail of the ion irradiation exposed tube 20 in the partial region of a concave structure. As a result of the ion irradiation, latent ion traces, so-called tracks, are formed in the now-uniform lacquer layer 32, as shown by the arrows 37, which are directed onto the lacquer layer 32.

According to Fig. 11 the tube 20 with the lacquer layer 32 then receives in the course of the process a UV irradiation which is directed from all sides, as shown by the arrows 38, to the pipe surface. The UV irradiation sensitizes the latent ion traces 37 of the forming tracks in the lacquer layer 32, as in FIG Fig. 11a shown in an enlarged section. During UV irradiation, the tube should not rotate, since the UV irradiation takes place in a closed chamber and impinges on all sides on the paint surface. In a further method step, the chemical etching of the now irradiated base layer of polycarbonate varnish 32 takes place in an etching bath 39 in which it lingers for a certain time. In the chemical etching, the temperature and the etching concentration of the etching bath are adjusted and moved by stirring so that the latent ion traces are etched and thereby form micropores 40 in the paint layer 32, as in Fig. 12a is visible in a section. In this case, the polycarbonate varnish 32 receives a defined porosity on the surface. The micropores 40 penetrate the lacquer layer 32 and put the affected Surface of the tube 20 free, so that in the Galvanoabformung according to Fig. 13 the microstructures on the tube 20 can be made. For this purpose, the tube 20 is contacted with the porous surface finish as the cathode and introduced into the electrodeposition bath 33, in which a Cu electrolyte is contained. The plating process causes the microstructures 44 in the micropores 40 to grow by filling them, as shown in FIG Fig. 13a is shown. Here, from the surface of the tube 20, the microstructures 44 in the form of microspikes grow in the lacquer layer 32. As a last step, the microstructured surface is exposed, as shown in FIG Fig. 14 is presented by the tube 20 is immersed in a solvent bath 45. In this case, the base coat, here formed as a lacquer layer 32, detached and formed the microstructured surface of the tube 20 with side shapes. The microstructure 8 thus produced now covers, as in Fig. 14a The entire surface of the sinoidal minor-shaped tube is shown to be continuous and uniform on both its concave and convex portions.

In another embodiment of the microstructuring method, a structural tube 20 provided with sinoidal minor shapes is shown. Follow this Fig. 15 formed tube 20 is a film tube 21 is applied as a primer coating, which has been provided as a polymer membrane for the process of microstructuring and processed accordingly. The reader reading in here recognizes without further ado that it is a shrink tube. The treatment is carried out so that the tube 21 has been heated to a certain state and thereby expands. As a result of the expansion, the radial extension increases and is suitable for covering the pipe over a specific length of a longitudinal section or over the entire extension of the pipe by sliding it onto the pipe or inserting the pipe 20 into the hose 21. In this case, the tube 21 covers the convex and concave portions of the tube 20. Before its cooling, the radial extent of the tube 20 should be present in a loose support and the tube 20 should be wrapped in a partially fitting form.

After cooling and shrinking of the tube 21, the structure of the minor shape is covered in a complete positive fit, as in Fig. 16 shown.

Another embodiment of enveloping the structural tube 20 is shown in FIG Fig. 17 explained. It shows that the tube 20 is wrapped over the convex portions of the tube 20 in a predetermined portion of its longitudinal extent by a flat sheathing film 22 in a wrapping process and according to Fig. 18 is terminated by the fact that the film 22 closed with a seam in shock in the direction of the longitudinal center axis of the tube becomes.

According to the 15 to 18 is the film tube 21, as well as the cladding films 22, loosely adhesive, not form-fitting manner on the surface of the structure tube 20. A first-conceived possibility to bring the sheathing, whether tube 21 or foil 22, to positive locking, is seen in shrinking the foil by cooling on the tube 20. This process could be incomplete because the film 22 does not touch the concave areas 16 of the structure tube 20 in a form-fitting manner, but is stretched over them by the shrinking process.

One way of positively covering the concave areas of the structural tube 20 with the sheathing foils 22 is to see that according to FIG Fig. 19 the tube 20 is guided concentrically through a chamber 24. The inner walls of the chamber 24 are provided with pressing elements 25, z. As solid bristles and / or flexible, fast-expanding materials provided which press the casing film 22 and the film tube 21 in the still soft, warmed state positively in the concave portions of the sinoidal secondary forms, as in Fig. 22 is generally classified in Section II.

Fig. 20 shows a further embodiment of the positive application of the sheath 22 or the film tube 21 by inserting the tube 20 in a chamber 24 in a concentric position. In the chamber 24 high-pressure nozzles 26 are arranged, the pressure jet is directed to the film tube 21 or on the casing film 22, which cover the structure tube 20. The high-pressure nozzles 26 can produce a warm or cold-tempered pressure jet which, depending on the type of film of the base coating, embodied as a sheath or hose 21, presses it positively into the concave regions of the sinoidal secondary forms of the structural pipe 20.

Another embodiment shows the Fig. 21 , Here, the tube 20 can be seen in sections. The section is equipped with a film tube 21 or with a wrapping film 22, which are in a flexible, heated according to execution state. In the course of the structures 16 are in the direction of the longitudinal center axis of the tube 20 pressure rollers 18; 18 '; The pinch rollers 18, 18 ', 18 "are made of a solid core to which a flexible, conformable coating is associated. They may have their own drive or be moved by rolling friction on the tube 20, which is transported forward in the direction of the rollers and passes through them. The flexible coating penetrates the passage of the tube 20 in the concave portions of the sinoidal Nebenformen and presses the still soft flexible sheath film 22 or the film tube 21, now fitting as a base coat, a form-fitting in these areas. This type of press-fitting of the casing film 22 into the concave regions of the structure 16 is completed by fixing the pressed-in and positively fitting structure.

Fig. 22 shows in schematic form the process of passing through a with a sheath 22 or a tubular film 21 enclosed structural tube 20. For better clarity, the areas with Roman numerals I; Designated II and III. In region I, the structure tube 20 in the mounting region 28 is provided with a film tube 21 or a Ummanteiungsfolie 22 and is kept at a temperature controlled by heating nozzles 30 which are distributed on its circumference. It is then moved into the region II, which forms the film tube 21 or the covering film 22 in a form-fitting manner into the concave regions of the structure 16 with contact or without contact. The section III, in which the tube 20 or the tube section is moved, is the cooling region 29. In this area, the form-fitting jacket 22 of the structure tube 20 is treated with cooling nozzles 31 which are distributed on its circumference and initiate a shrinking process, the like is formed, that the sheath 21, 22 shrinks, without destroying the positive connection from the concave areas. The sheathed tube 20 now present has a sheathing foil 22 in a form-fitting manner in all regions of the structural tube 20 as a polymer membrane and is prepared for the application of the microstructure 8 both in the convex and in the concave sections of the structure tube 20.

Fig. 23 shows the basic representation of a plane-parallel, straight-sided component 15 with molded sinoidal secondary forms, on which the polymer membrane is placed in the form of a jacket film 17. Due to the loose support of the film 17, this is not yet arranged in a form-fitting manner in the structures 16 of the component 15. The positive connection is made by rollers 18; 18 ', which are arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the component 15 opposite to the embodiment and have a flexible coating which brings the sheet 17 in the structure 16 in a form-fitting manner when rolling over the concave partial areas of the component 15. A subsequent solidification of the film 17 is provided so that the film 17 remains in the concave areas in a positive connection with the component.

The person reading in the field recognizes that here, for the realization of the technological process, a covering film 22 or flat film 17 is required whose molecular structure is designed such that it permits free shrinking. The sheath may or covering the component during shrinkage of the film 22; 17, which is used as a polymer membrane in carrying out the catalysis for producing the microstructure, do not pass from the positive connection with the concave areas. The polymer membrane may consist of poliofilene PTFE, which is commercially available and has the desired properties. The heat shrink tubing made from it is used as a Vilon shrink tubing. The invention therefore provides that the region III is to be designed as a cooling region in such a way that the encased tube closure provided with a positive connection is not only cooled and brought to shrink, but during the shrinking process with retaining pressing elements in the manner as in FIG Fig. 19 represented, can be equipped. For this purpose, the region III is to be extended so that large longitudinal sections of the tube 20 or components 15 are simultaneously sheathed. A further embodiment can be recognized in that the region III is provided with high-pressure nozzles, as shown above, but working in a chamber enclosing the component or the tube and shock-like with very high pressure, the film in the concave sections during the shock-like cooling process stops and cools. Another embodiment is to perform the shrink tubing as a hose or as a flat merged entity and the inside, so facing the component side to be provided with an adhesive after pressing on the surface of the component, in particular in the concave areas of the polymer membrane form-fitting liability is brought. The expert familiar with the subject sees immediately that this adhesive must be designed so that the catalytic process is not impaired on the provided with sinoidal secondary forms tubes or sheets of material. The technical information of the embodiment clearly shows that starting with the Fig. 15 Embodiments of applying the base coat are shown as in Fig. 9 was performed with the use of the lacquer layer 32. Of course, the person skilled in the art will recognize that further processing of the base layers must take place in the course of the process, in the manner in which they are used Fig. 10 and further figures has been shown. In principle, the shape of the further processing does not deviate from the prior art of applying microstructures to metal bodies.

The expert commissioned with the solution of such a task is now in the position, when the information is readily able to transmit the information presented here for technical action, which are largely formed on bodies with uniformly or non-uniformly curved surfaces on components in the form are formed of material webs. The mechanical as well as chemical and electrolytic processes are to be applied in a similar way that an inventive step is not necessary to Components whose planar surfaces are formed with sinoid-shaped structures to mold microstructures in a galvanic process. The technical progress and the inventive achievement are that it is clearly shown that pipes and components are to be provided with microstructures that not only their convex parts of the surfaces, but also their concave structures can be covered with microstructures and thus the reaction surface microstructures, whether for transfer of heat or for chemical or catalytic reactions.

Fig. 24 shows a component 47, which is deformed into a tube 46 and has been welded to a longitudinal seam. On the inside of the tube 46 microstructures are arranged so that they form a largely closed, microstructured inner surface 48.

Fig. 25 shows a first method step for producing a tube 46 from a flat, planar component 47, of which a surface is equipped with microstructures 48. The component 47 is between clamping jaws 51; 51 'clamped and prepared for a deformation process. In this case, the surface with the microstructures is arranged so that it can form the inner surface of the later-shaped tube.

Fig. 26 shows a first progress of the deformation of the component 47, by the clamping jaws 51; 51 'with an inwardly and upward directed deformation movement, the planar member 47 in a direction concave to the inner surface 48 and in the further movement according to Fig. 27 the component 47 further deformed resting on an anvil 52, which generates a holding pressure, with the aid of which in a further movement of the clamping jaws 51; 51 'the component 47 in the form according to Fig. 28 is formed into a half tube. For further deformation of the outer surface of the present half-tube forming punches 53; 54 applied, soft the component 47, initially present as a half pipe with legs still stretched, gradually by merging the forming die 53; Give the component 47 with sliding deformation process the final tubular design, as it is in Fig. 30 is shown. Here is the tube, with its outer edges colliding, not yet connected. It is advantageous that the now merged shaping punches 53; 54 and the anvil 52 maintaining their configuration, are placed in a rotating movement around the pipe so as to give the not yet connected pipe a uniformly curved contour and a circular cross-section.

Next will be in Fig. 31 shown that in the progressive deformation process, the rotationally symmetrical deformed member 47 holding jaws 55; 55 'which receives the tubular Assemble member 47 between them for welding the material joint for a welding head 56, which provides with a continuous weld 57, the now completed tube 46 for a tray for completion.

reference numeral

1

Röhrbündel heat exchanger

2, 4, 13, 13 '

entry

3, 5, 14

exit

6

microstructured boiled ears

7

medium

8th

microstructures

9

pipe wall

10, 11

heat transport

12

tubular reactor

15

component

16

structure

17

foil

18, 18 ', 18 "

roll

19

flexible coating

20

structure pipe

21

film tube

22

cover sheet

23

seam

24

chamber

25

pressers

26

High-pressure nozzles

27

pressing region

28

the pull-up

29

cooling sector

30

heating nozzles

31

cooling nozzles

32

paint layer

33

container

34

polycarbonate

35, 36, 38

arrow

37

ion tracks

39

etching bath

40

micropores

41.42

polarity

43

Cu electrolytic

44

Microspikes (microstructure)

45

solvent

46

pipe

47

component

48

microstructured inner surface

49

sinoidal minor forms

50

seam

51, 51 '

jaws

52

anvil

53, 54

forming punch

55, 55 '

holding jaws

56

welding head

57

Weld

Claims (4)

1. A method for producing a component for performing heat transfer and/or technical reaction control, in particular for carrying out a heterogeneous catalysis, with at least one surface which has a curved structure with concave parts, wherein the component has uniformly arranged microstructure elements on at least one of its surfaces, wherein the microstructure elements are formed onto the component to be manufactured, in particular onto a component formed as a tube, characterized in that the microstructure elements are formed by means of electroplating and/or mechanical spray compacting methods, and in that, at least partially, a radiation-sensitive photoresist, the shape of which is complementarily adjustable or adjusted to the curved structure, is deposited on the surface of the component, in particular on the concavely and optionally convexly curved surfaces, as a basis for the electrodeposition of a continuous microstructure, and in that a curved structure with concave parts is formed, wherein the whole component is provided with microstructures on sinusoidal additional forms, so that the convex and concave regions of the sinusoidal additional forms include the microstructures, and the microstructures each have identical or different shapes, wherein the material structure of the microstructure elements forms permanent bonds with the material structure on the surface of the component.
2. The method for producing a component according to Claim 1, characterized in that the radiation-sensitive resist is used as a liquid resist for coating the surface.
3. The method for producing a component according to any one of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that, after creating the microstructure elements on a surface of the component, which initially has a substantially planar shape, reshaping forces are applied to the component such that it is reshaped into a tube.
4. The method for producing a component according to Claim 3, characterized in that, after manufacturing the unwrought shape of the component and depositing the microstructure elements, the concave curves are formed in the tube-shaped component.

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