EP2217793B1 - Device for generating power - Google Patents
Device for generating power Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2217793B1 EP2217793B1 EP08844382.5A EP08844382A EP2217793B1 EP 2217793 B1 EP2217793 B1 EP 2217793B1 EP 08844382 A EP08844382 A EP 08844382A EP 2217793 B1 EP2217793 B1 EP 2217793B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- working medium
- evaporator
- medium circuit
- circuit
- heater
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 69
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008207 working material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for power generation according to the ORC principle according to the preamble of claim 1.
- low-temperature heat sources for energy generation devices are preferably used according to the principle of Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC).
- ORC Organic Rankine Cycle
- As a working medium in contrast to energy from high-temperature heat sources, water being used as a working fluid, organic fluids, especially silicone oils, alkanes, alkenes, aromatics, (partially) halogenated hydrocarbons and others used.
- the working fluid is selected according to the temperatures of the heat source, so that the most effective use of heat energy takes place.
- devices which have two separate working medium circuits, wherein both circuits are connected to the heat source.
- the two working medium circuits are connected substantially in series, so that the heating means from the heat source initially transmits a first part of the heat energy to the first working medium circuit and in the following another part of the heat energy to the second working medium circuit.
- the heating medium first flows through the two evaporators, it reaches the two partial preheaters at a relatively low temperature, which has the disadvantage that the heating medium flows through the partial preheater of the first working medium circuit to the extent that the working medium in this circuit is no longer heated to the evaporation temperature can.
- the function of the preheating is therefore partially taken in addition in the first working fluid circuit of the evaporator, which is not optimally adapted to both functions (preheating and evaporation) due to its design.
- DE 10 2006 028 746 A1 describes an ORC system with a working fluid circuit having an evaporator and a preheater, wherein the preheater is preceded by a Rekuperatur.
- JP 61 132710A discloses a high-temperature working fluid circuit of an ORC plant in which the evaporator are assigned two preheaters. The heating medium flow is supplied completely and serially to all preheaters and evaporators in the system.
- the invention is therefore based on the object to provide a device for power generation, which causes an improved heat transfer between the heating means and the working fluid of the first working fluid circuit and thus has a higher efficiency.
- the invention is therefore based on the idea to provide a device for power generation according to the ORC principle with at least two, in particular three, working medium circuits, each comprising at least one capacitor, an evaporator and a Generalvortuder and are coupled by a common Schuffenniklauf such that a Walkerstoffstrom the evaporators is completely and the Generalvorskarn proportionately supplied, wherein a first working medium circuit has at least one further preheater, which is coupled to the Schuffenniklauf such that the Schuffenstrom is completely supplied to the further preheater.
- the heating medium flow is essentially a mass flow of fluid. Accordingly, the complete supply of the heating medium flow does not relate to an energy transfer to the working medium based on the heat content of the heating medium source, but rather says that substantially the entire mass flow of the heating medium is supplied to the further preheater, the heat content of which is generally already absorbed by the transport of the source was reduced to another preheater.
- the term "complete supply of Schuffenstroms” does not exclude that before the further preheater part of the Schuffenstroms is diverted, provided that the effect is maintained that the first evaporator is mainly used for steam generation such that the heat energy of the heating means as optimal as possible the working fluid of the first working fluid circuit is discharged and used for energy generation or conversion.
- the working fluid of the first working fluid circuit is preheated by the complete mass flow of the heating means at a relatively high temperature, so that the working fluid is heated in the first working fluid circuit to the evaporation temperature.
- the additional preheater can be adapted optimally and economically to the heat transfer between the two fluids.
- the further preheater is arranged in the first working medium circuit between a Generalvor Anlagenr and a first evaporator.
- This arrangement is energetically advantageous because the further preheater only the temperature difference between the preheating temperature of the partial preheater and the evaporation temperature to be reached must be bridged.
- the further preheater is arranged in the heating medium circuit between the first evaporator of a first working medium circuit and the second evaporator of a second working medium circuit.
- the further preheater comprises a plate and / or tube bundle heat exchanger.
- Such heat exchangers allow a particularly efficient heat transfer.
- At least one of the working medium circuits has an internal recuperator.
- Internal recuperators have the advantage that the residual heat of the working fluid is used after power generation in the form of heat energy recovery for preheating the working fluid, whereby an increase in efficiency is achieved.
- the working medium circuits preferably each have an engine, in particular a turbine, so that the heat energy of the heating medium flow is used in the form of mechanical energy.
- the engines in particular turbines, can be coupled by one shaft each with a generator.
- the mechanical energy generated by the engine is converted into electrical energy, with multiple generators ensure high reliability.
- At least two prime movers in particular turbines, can be coupled by a common shaft to a generator, whereby the maintenance and control effort, in particular with respect to the synchronization of the generator to the power grid, is minimized.
- the working medium circuits each have different working means.
- the different tools generally have different boiling temperatures, so that the most effective use of the heat energy of the heating medium is guaranteed.
- the heating medium circuit has a branch with at least two branch lines downstream of the second evaporator of the second working medium circuit, wherein the branch lines are coupled to a partial preheater of the first working medium circuit and a partial preheater of the second working medium circuit.
- the heating medium circuit has a further branch, each having at least three branch lines, which is arranged downstream of the third evaporator of the third working fluid circuit, wherein the branch lines are coupled to a Sectionvorowskir the first working fluid circuit, a Crystalvor lockerr the second working fluid circuit and a Generalvor lockerr the third working fluid circuit.
- the Thompsonschstrom can be divided after passing through the third evaporator on three working fluid circuits. Analogously, it is possible to realize a distribution of the heating medium flow to a plurality of working medium circuits.
- Fig. 1 shows a process diagram of a device for power generation according to the prior art, wherein a first working fluid circuit 10 is coupled by a common heating medium circuit 50 with a second working fluid circuit 20.
- the two working medium circuits 10, 20 have an identical structure, each with a feed pump 41, downstream in the flow direction recuperator 45, a subsequent Partvortuder 12, 22, each upstream of an evaporator 11, 21, an engine 43 and one each Condenser 42.
- the working fluid in the working fluid circuits 10, 20 thus flows from the feed pump 41 to the recuperator 45, where it is heated by residual heat of the working fluid that has already produced mechanical work in the engine, and further to Partvormaschiner 12, 22, the causes a further heating of the working fluid.
- the working fluid continues to the evaporator 11, 21 and is passed in the course in the form of steam to the engine 43.
- the vaporous working medium performs mechanical work, whereby the steam is released and the now partially cooled working fluid flows back to the recuperator 45.
- the recuperator 45 the residual heat energy of the working fluid is used to heat the counterflowing working fluid before being supplied to the partial preheater 12, 22.
- the effluent from the engine 43 working fluid is thus further cooled in the recuperator 45 and fed to the condenser 42, where the working fluid is liquefied and recycled to the feed pump 41.
- the working fluid first flows to the first evaporator 11 of the first working medium circuit 10, wherein heat is transferred from the heating means to the working fluid of the first working fluid circuit 10, so that the working fluid is transferred to the vaporous state.
- the heating means continues to the second evaporator 21 of the second Working medium circuit 20 passed and causes there also an evaporation of the working fluid.
- the heating medium flow is split at the branch 51 and fed to the two partial preheaters 12, 22 of the two working medium circuits 10, 20.
- the heating means causes heating of the working medium circuits 10, 20.
- the cooled heating means from the two Operavormaschinern 12, 22 is brought together again and discharged.
- Fig. 2 shows a device according to the invention for power generation as a process diagram, wherein the structure of the device substantially the structure according to Fig. 1 equivalent.
- the device comprises two working medium circuits 20, each of which has a feed pump 41, an internal recuperator 45, a partial preheater 12, 22, an evaporator 11, 21, an engine 43 and a condenser 42.
- a further preheater 15 is arranged in the first working medium circuit 10 between the partial preheater 12 and the first evaporator 11 such that the working medium is conducted from the preheater 12 to the further preheater 15 and subsequently to the first evaporator 11.
- a further preheater 15 is arranged in the first working medium circuit 10 between the partial preheater 12 and the first evaporator 11 such that the working medium is conducted from the preheater 12 to the further preheater 15 and subsequently to the first evaporator 11.
- the course of the heating medium circuit 50 is changed such that the heating means after passing through the first evaporator 11 of the first working medium circuit 10 is first supplied to the further preheater 15 before the heating medium flows to the second evaporator 21 of the second working medium circuit 20.
- the heating medium flow is then split at the branch 51 and proportionally fed to the two partial preheaters 12, 22 of the two working medium circuits 10, 20, then brought together again and discharged.
- the main advantage of the arrangement of the further preheater 15 is that the further preheater 15 in this way the entire mass flow of the heating medium is supplied, whereby the energy available for heating the working fluid in the first working fluid circuit 10 energy is significantly increased.
- the use of the complete heating medium current causes the heat energy of the heating medium, which already compared to the original heat energy of the heat source through the energy exchange in the first Evaporator 11 is reduced, sufficient to heat the working fluid of the first working fluid circuit 10 to the evaporation temperature.
- the heating up to the evaporation temperature is partially effected by the first evaporator 11, which, however, is not or can not be adapted to preheat the working fluid.
- Fig. 3 shows a temperature / Enthalpiestrom diagram of a device according to the invention, wherein thermal water is used as an example heating means.
- the heat flow of the thermal source is fixed, since the mass flow is limited.
- the mass flow of the cooling water supplied to the condenser 42 from outside to cool the working fluid may be adjusted.
- the thermal water cools down, while during the evaporation of the working fluid, the temperature remains constant. Accordingly, takes place in the evaporators 11, 21 an isothermal energy transfer, while in the Generalvormaschinern 12, 22 and the further preheater 15, the energy transfer is substantially isobaric.
- a pinch point arises between the thermal water and the working medium.
- the pinch point is defined as the state point with the minimum temperature difference between two heat fluxes during heat transfer.
- the position of the pinch point in the temperature / enthalpy current diagram results from the ratio of mass flow and evaporation temperature, so that at high working mass flow, the upper process temperature and thus the efficiency of the cycle is low, while at a low mass flow, the efficiency of the cycle is increased , Since the output of the cycle is calculated from the product of specific work and mass flow, there is an optimal upper process temperature associated with a mass flow, which allows the energy of the thermal water to be used efficiently up to a certain temperature.
- the device according to the invention makes it possible, through the further preheater 15, that the largest possible proportion of the heat energy of the heat source is utilized.
- the diagram according to Fig. 3 shows that the further preheater 15 ( Fig. 3 : second preheater, first module), the temperature of the working fluid significantly increased, so that in the first evaporator 11 of the first working fluid circuit 10, a substantially isothermal energy transfer occurs.
- the additional preheater 15 thus causes, on the one hand, the temperature difference between the thermal water heat flow and the working medium of the first working medium circuit to be minimized and, on the other hand, no isobaric energy transfer in the first evaporator 11, for which the first evaporator 11 is not constructed.
- the heat absorption thus takes place in comparison to previously known ORC cycle processes at a higher energy level, so that the usable heat content of the cycle increases.
- Fig. 4 shows a further embodiment of a device according to the invention for power generation, wherein three working medium circuits 10, 20, 30 are provided.
- the first working medium circuit 10 comprises a feed pump 41, which conveys the working fluid to a first Partvortuder 13, on to a second Partvortuder 12, on to another preheater 15 and in the following to a first evaporator 11. From the first evaporator 11, the working fluid of the first working medium circuit 10 flows to an engine 43, in particular a turbine, which is coupled to a generator 44. The relaxed working fluid is supplied in the further course of the engine 43 to a condenser 42 and again the pump 41.
- the second working fluid circuit 20 has a similar structure and also has a feed pump 41, which directs the working fluid to a first Partvorowskir 23, on to a second Partvor lockerr 22, on to a second evaporator 21 and further to an engine 43.
- the engine 43 in particular a turbine, is connected to a shaft with a generator 44. After passing through the engine 43, the relaxed working fluid of the second working fluid circuit 20 flows into the condenser 42 and from there back to the feed pump 41.
- the third working fluid circuit 30 also includes a feed pump 41, which is followed by a Generalvormaschiner 33, which in turn upstream of a third evaporator 31 is.
- the third evaporator 31, an engine 43, in particular turbine, downstream, which is connected to a shaft with a generator 44 and by the working means of the third working medium circuit 30 is operated before the working fluid flows through the condenser 42 back to the pump 41.
- the working medium circuits 10, 20, 30 at least partially have an internal recuperator 45.
- the recuperator 45 at least a Sectionvortuder 12, 13, 22, 23, 33 both upstream or downstream, as well as between at least two Partvor lockerrn 12, 13, 22, 23, 33 may be arranged.
- the position of the recuperator 45 generally depends on the heating medium temperatures in the respective partial preheaters 12, 13, 22, 23, 33, so that the working medium absorbs heat energy when passing through the recuperator or at least does not transfer heat energy to the heating medium.
- the three working medium circuits 10, 20, 30 are coupled by a common Walkerstoff kausburg so.
- the heating medium in the heating medium circuit 50 first flows through the first evaporator 11 of the first working medium circuit 10, further through the preheater 15 of the first working medium circuit 10 and subsequently through the second evaporator 21 of the second working medium circuit 20 before the heating medium stream is split at the branch 51 and over the two branch lines 52a, 52b are supplied to the two partial preheaters 12, 22 of the first and second working medium circuits 10, 20.
- the Wienstoffteilströme After passing through the two Operavormaschiner 12, 22, the Schuffenteilströme be merged and passed to the third evaporator 31 of the third working fluid circuit 30.
- the working medium circuits 10, 20, 30 each have an arbitrary number of preheaters 15 or partial preheaters 12, 13, 22, 23, 33.
- the distribution of the heating medium flow in Walkerstoffteilströme is accordingly adapt.
- the heating medium flow between the first working medium circuit 10 and the second working medium circuit 20 is divided into two branch lines 52a, 52b, which are coupled to the partial preheaters 12, 22 of the first and second working medium circuits 10, 20, whereby a halving distribution of the total mass heating medium flow is possible; so that the two partial streams are identical.
- Other divisions are possible.
- the distribution to the Generalvor Anlagenrn 13, 23, 33 of the three working medium circuits 10, 20, 30 are also designed at the branch 53 in such a way that the three Schuffenteilströme are identical.
- the branch 53 is represented in the form of two partial branches 53a, 53b.
- the structural design of the branch 53 is not fixed. Rather, the embodiment is essentially dependent on the desired distribution of Schuffenteilströme.
- the branch 53 is formed such that the connection to the Generalvormaschinern 13, 23, 33 is energetically effective. This can be achieved for example by the branch line 54a, 54b, 54c, which promotes the partial flow with the lowest heat capacity, as short as possible, so that heat losses are minimized by the transport.
- the coupling between the engine 43 and the generator 44 is preferably carried out by a shaft, wherein at least one, in particular all, engines 43 may have a common shaft which is coupled to at least one generator, so that rotational energy is transmitted and converted into electrical energy.
- the engines 43 may be designed as turbines, screw or piston engines.
- the boiling temperature of the working fluid in the first working fluid circuit 10 is highest and decreases with each further, downstream working medium circuit.
- the heat energy loss of the heating medium when passing through the individual heat exchangers, in particular the preheater 15, the Generalvorezer 12, 13, 22, 23 and the evaporator 11, 21, carried in the upstream working fluid circuits 10, 20 and the efficiency of the entire device can be increased, since the pinch point of the individual heat exchanger can be optimized to the minimum temperature difference between the two fluid streams.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
- General Induction Heating (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Energieerzeugung nach dem ORC-Prinzip gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a device for power generation according to the ORC principle according to the preamble of
Für die Nutzung von Niedertemperatur-Wärmequellen zur Energieerzeugung werden vorzugsweise Vorrichtungen nach dem Prinzip des Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) eingesetzt. Als Arbeitsmittel werden im Gegensatz zur Energieerzeugung aus Hochtemperatur-Wärmequellen, wobei Wasser als Arbeitsmittel eingesetzt wird, organische Fluide, insbesondere Silikonöle, Alkane, Alkene, Aromaten, (teil-) halogenierte Kohlenwasserstoffe und andere verwendet. Dabei wird das Arbeitsmittel entsprechend den Temperaturen der Wärmequelle gewählt, so dass eine möglichst effektive Nutzung der Wärmeenergie erfolgt.For the use of low-temperature heat sources for energy generation devices are preferably used according to the principle of Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC). As a working medium, in contrast to energy from high-temperature heat sources, water being used as a working fluid, organic fluids, especially silicone oils, alkanes, alkenes, aromatics, (partially) halogenated hydrocarbons and others used. In this case, the working fluid is selected according to the temperatures of the heat source, so that the most effective use of heat energy takes place.
Um die Nutzung der Wärmeenergie der Wärmequelle weiter zu optimieren, sind Vorrichtungen bekannt, die zwei getrennte Arbeitsmittelkreisläufe aufweisen, wobei beide Kreisläufe mit der Wärmequelle verbunden sind. Dabei sind die beiden Arbeitsmittelkreisläufe im Wesentlichen in Serie geschaltet, so dass das Heizmittel aus der Wärmequelle zunächst einen ersten Teil der Wärmeenergie an den ersten Arbeitsmittelkreislauf und im Folgenden einen weiteren Teil der Wärmeenergie an den zweiten Arbeitsmittelkreislauf überträgt. Es hat sich als energetisch vorteilhaft erwiesen, das Heizmittel zunächst durch den Verdampfer des ersten Arbeitsmittelkreislaufs und im Folgenden durch den Verdampfer des zweiten Arbeitsmittelkreislaufs zu führen und anschließend den Heizmittelstrom aufzuteilen, so dass das Heizmittel anteilig durch die Teilvorwärmer der beiden Arbeitsmittelkreisläufe geleitet wird. Auf diese Weise wird im ersten Verdampfer eine höhere Verdampfungstemperatur erreicht, wodurch der Wirkungsgrad im ersten Arbeitsmittelkreislauf erhöht und die Effizienz der Energieerzeugung nach dem ORC-Prinzip gesteigert wird.In order to further optimize the utilization of the heat energy of the heat source, devices are known which have two separate working medium circuits, wherein both circuits are connected to the heat source. In this case, the two working medium circuits are connected substantially in series, so that the heating means from the heat source initially transmits a first part of the heat energy to the first working medium circuit and in the following another part of the heat energy to the second working medium circuit. It turned out to be energetically advantageous to first guide the heating means through the evaporator of the first working fluid circuit and in the following through the evaporator of the second working fluid circuit and then divide the Heizmittelstrom so that the heating medium is passed proportionately through the Teilvorwärmer the two working fluid circuits. In this way, a higher evaporation temperature is achieved in the first evaporator, whereby the efficiency in the first working medium circuit is increased and the efficiency of power generation is increased according to the ORC principle.
Da das Heizmittel zunächst die beiden Verdampfer durchströmt, erreicht es die beiden Teilvorwärmer mit einer relativ niedrigen Temperatur, was den Nachteil hat, dass das Heizmittel den Teilvorwärmer des ersten Arbeitsmittelkreislaufs soweit abgekühlt durchströmt, dass das Arbeitsmittel in diesem Kreislauf nicht mehr bis zur Verdampfungstemperatur erwärmt werden kann. Die Funktion der Vorwärmung wird daher im ersten Arbeitsmittelkreislauf teilweise zusätzlich vom Verdampfer übernommen, der aufgrund seiner Bauform nicht optimal an beide Funktionen (Vorwärmung und Verdampfung) angepasst ist.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung zur Energieerzeugung anzugeben, die eine verbesserte Wärmeübertragung zwischen dem Heizmittel und dem Arbeitsmittel des ersten Arbeitsmittelkreislaufs bewirkt und somit einen höheren Wirkungsgrad aufweist.The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a device for power generation, which causes an improved heat transfer between the heating means and the working fluid of the first working fluid circuit and thus has a higher efficiency.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch den Gegenstand des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by the subject matter of
Der Erfindung liegt demnach der Gedanke zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung zur Energieerzeugung nach dem ORC-Prinzip mit wenigstens zwei, insbesondere drei, Arbeitsmittelkreisläufen anzugeben, die jeweils zumindest einen Kondensator, einen Verdampfer und einen Teilvorwärmer umfassen und durch einen gemeinsamen Heizmittelkreislauf gekoppelt sind derart, dass ein Heizmittelstrom den Verdampfern vollständig und den Teilvorwärmern anteilig zugeführt wird, wobei ein erster Arbeitsmittelkreislauf wenigstens einen weiteren Vorwärmer aufweist, der mit dem Heizmittelkreislauf gekoppelt ist derart, dass der Heizmittelstrom dem weiteren Vorwärmer vollständig zugeführt wird.The invention is therefore based on the idea to provide a device for power generation according to the ORC principle with at least two, in particular three, working medium circuits, each comprising at least one capacitor, an evaporator and a Teilvorwärmer and are coupled by a common Heizmittelkreislauf such that a Heizmittelstrom the evaporators is completely and the Teilvorwärmern proportionately supplied, wherein a first working medium circuit has at least one further preheater, which is coupled to the Heizmittelkreislauf such that the Heizmittelstrom is completely supplied to the further preheater.
Es wird darauf hingewiesen, dass der Heizmittelstrom im Wesentlichen ein Fluid-Massenstrom ist. Die vollständige Zuführung des Heizmittelstroms bezieht sich demnach nicht auf eine auf den Wärmeinhalt der Heizmittelquelle bezogene Energieübertragung an das Arbeitsmittel, sondern sagt vielmehr aus, dass dem weiteren Vorwärmer im Wesentlichen der gesamte Massenstrom des Heizmittels zugeführt wird, dessen Wärmeinhalt im Allgemeinen bereits durch den Transport von der Quelle zum weiteren Vorwärmer reduziert wurde. Dabei schließt der Begriff "vollständige Zuführung des Heizmittelstroms" nicht aus, dass vor dem weiteren Vorwärmer ein Teil des Heizmittelstroms abgezweigt wird, sofern die Wirkung erhalten bleibt, dass der erste Verdampfer überwiegend zur Dampferzeugung genutzt wird derart, dass der Wärmeenergie des Heizmittels möglichst optimal an das Arbeitsmittel des ersten Arbeitsmittelkreislaufs abgegeben und zur Energieerzeugung bzw. -umwandlung verwendet wird.It should be noted that the heating medium flow is essentially a mass flow of fluid. Accordingly, the complete supply of the heating medium flow does not relate to an energy transfer to the working medium based on the heat content of the heating medium source, but rather says that substantially the entire mass flow of the heating medium is supplied to the further preheater, the heat content of which is generally already absorbed by the transport of the source was reduced to another preheater. The term "complete supply of Heizmittelstroms" does not exclude that before the further preheater part of the Heizmittelstroms is diverted, provided that the effect is maintained that the first evaporator is mainly used for steam generation such that the heat energy of the heating means as optimal as possible the working fluid of the first working fluid circuit is discharged and used for energy generation or conversion.
Auf diese Weise wird erreicht, dass das Arbeitsmittel des ersten Arbeitsmittelkreislaufs durch den vollständigen Massenstrom des Heizmittels mit relativ hoher Temperatur vorgewärmt wird, so dass das Arbeitsmittel im ersten Arbeitsmittelkreislauf bis zur Verdampfungstemperatur aufgewärmt wird. Dabei kann der weitere Vorwärmer energetisch und wirtschaftlich optimal an die Wärmeübertragung zwischen den beiden Fluiden angepasst werden.In this way it is achieved that the working fluid of the first working fluid circuit is preheated by the complete mass flow of the heating means at a relatively high temperature, so that the working fluid is heated in the first working fluid circuit to the evaporation temperature. In this case, the additional preheater can be adapted optimally and economically to the heat transfer between the two fluids.
Vorzugsweise ist der weitere Vorwärmer im ersten Arbeitsmittelkreislauf zwischen einem Teilvorwärmer und einem ersten Verdampfer angeordnet. Diese Anordnung ist energetisch vorteilhaft, da der weitere Vorwärmer nur die Temperaturdifferenz zwischen der Vorwärmtemperatur des Teilvorwärmers und der zu erreichenden Verdampfungstemperatur überbrücken muss. Vorteilhafterweise ist der weitere Vorwärmer im Heizmittelkreislauf zwischen dem ersten Verdampfer eines ersten Arbeitsmittelkreislaufes und dem zweiten Verdampfer eines zweiten Arbeitsmittelkreislaufes angeordnet.Preferably, the further preheater is arranged in the first working medium circuit between a Teilvorwärmer and a first evaporator. This arrangement is energetically advantageous because the further preheater only the temperature difference between the preheating temperature of the partial preheater and the evaporation temperature to be reached must be bridged. Advantageously, the further preheater is arranged in the heating medium circuit between the first evaporator of a first working medium circuit and the second evaporator of a second working medium circuit.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung umfasst der weitere Vorwärmer einen Platten- und/oder Rohrbündelwärmetauscher. Derartige Wärmetauscher ermöglichen eine besonders effiziente Wärmeübertragung.In a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, the further preheater comprises a plate and / or tube bundle heat exchanger. Such heat exchangers allow a particularly efficient heat transfer.
Bei einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist wenigstens einer der Arbeitsmittelkreisläufe einen internen Rekuperator auf. Interne Rekuperatoren haben den Vorteil, dass die Restwärme des Arbeitsmittels nach der Energieerzeugung in Form einer Wärmeenergierückgewinnung zur Vorwärmung des Arbeitsmittels genutzt wird, wodurch eine Steigerung des Wirkungsgrades erreicht wird.In a further preferred embodiment, at least one of the working medium circuits has an internal recuperator. Internal recuperators have the advantage that the residual heat of the working fluid is used after power generation in the form of heat energy recovery for preheating the working fluid, whereby an increase in efficiency is achieved.
Vorzugsweise weisen die Arbeitsmittelkreisläufe jeweils eine Kraftmaschine, insbesondere Turbine auf, so dass die Wärmeenergie des Heizmittelstroms in Form von mechanischer Energie genutzt wird.The working medium circuits preferably each have an engine, in particular a turbine, so that the heat energy of the heating medium flow is used in the form of mechanical energy.
Die Kraftmaschinen, insbesondere Turbinen, können durch jeweils eine Welle mit jeweils einem Generator gekoppelt sein. Dadurch wird die von den Kraftmaschinen erzeugte mechanische Energie in elektrische Energie umgewandelt, wobei mehrere Generatoren eine hohe Ausfallsicherheit gewährleisten.The engines, in particular turbines, can be coupled by one shaft each with a generator. As a result, the mechanical energy generated by the engine is converted into electrical energy, with multiple generators ensure high reliability.
Ferner können wenigstens zwei Kraftmaschinen, insbesondere Turbinen, durch eine gemeinsame Welle mit einem Generator gekoppelt sein, wodurch der Wartungs- und Steuerungsaufwand, insbesondere im Bezug auf die Synchronisierung des Generators zum Stromnetz, minimiert wird.Furthermore, at least two prime movers, in particular turbines, can be coupled by a common shaft to a generator, whereby the maintenance and control effort, in particular with respect to the synchronization of the generator to the power grid, is minimized.
Es hat sich als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn die Arbeitsmittelkreisläufe jeweils unterschiedliche Arbeitsmittel aufweisen. Die unterschiedlichen Arbeitsmittel weisen im Allgemeinen verschiedene Siedetemperaturen auf, so dass eine möglichst effektive Nutzung der Wärmeenergie des Heizmittels gewährleistet ist.It has proved to be particularly advantageous if the working medium circuits each have different working means. The different tools generally have different boiling temperatures, so that the most effective use of the heat energy of the heating medium is guaranteed.
Bei einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung weist der Heizmittelkreislauf eine Verzweigung mit wenigstens zwei Zweigleitungen auf, die dem zweiten Verdampfer des zweiten Arbeitsmittelkreislaufs nachgeordnet ist, wobei die Zweigleitungen mit einem Teilvorwärmer des ersten Arbeitsmittelkreislaufs und einem Teilvorwärmer des zweiten Arbeitsmittelkreislaufs gekoppelt sind. Auf diese Weise wird erreicht, dass der Heizmittelstrom nach Durchlaufen des zweiten Verdampfers aufgeteilt wird und die jeweiligen Heizmittelteilströme den Teilvorwärmern zugeführt werden.In a further preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, the heating medium circuit has a branch with at least two branch lines downstream of the second evaporator of the second working medium circuit, wherein the branch lines are coupled to a partial preheater of the first working medium circuit and a partial preheater of the second working medium circuit. In this way, it is achieved that the Heizmittelstrom is divided after passing through the second evaporator and the respective Heizmittelteilströme the Teilvorwärmern be supplied.
Vorzugsweise weist der Heizmittelkreislauf eine weitere Verzweigung mit jeweils wenigstens drei Zweigleitungen auf, die dem dritten Verdampfer des dritten Arbeitsmittelkreislaufs nachgeordnet ist, wobei die Zweigleitungen mit einem Teilvorwärmer des ersten Arbeitsmittelkreislaufs, einem Teilvorwärmer des zweiten Arbeitsmittelkreislaufs und einem Teilvorwärmer des dritten Arbeitsmittelkreislaufs gekoppelt sind. Auf diese Weise kann der Heizmittelstrom nach Durchlaufen des dritten Verdampfers auf drei Arbeitsmittelkreisläufe aufgeteilt werden. Analog dazu ist es möglich, eine Aufteilung des Heizmittelstroms auf mehrere Arbeitsmittelkreisläufe zu realisieren.Preferably, the heating medium circuit has a further branch, each having at least three branch lines, which is arranged downstream of the third evaporator of the third working fluid circuit, wherein the branch lines are coupled to a Teilvorwärmer the first working fluid circuit, a Teilvorwärmer the second working fluid circuit and a Teilvorwärmer the third working fluid circuit. In this way, the Heizmittelstrom can be divided after passing through the third evaporator on three working fluid circuits. Analogously, it is possible to realize a distribution of the heating medium flow to a plurality of working medium circuits.
Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen im Bezug auf die beigefügten schematischen Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Darin zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- ein Prozessschaltbild einer Vorrichtung zur Energieerzeugung gemäß dem Stand der Technik;
- Fig. 2
- ein Prozessschaltbild einer Vorrichtung zur Energieerzeugung gemäß einem erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsbeispiel;
- Fig. 3
- ein Temperatur-Enthalpiestrom-Diagramm einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung gemäß
Fig. 2 ; und - Fig. 4
- ein Prozessschaltbild einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung gemäß einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel.
- Fig. 1
- a process diagram of a device for power generation according to the prior art;
- Fig. 2
- a process diagram of a device for power generation according to an embodiment of the invention;
- Fig. 3
- a temperature enthalpy flow diagram of a device according to the invention
Fig. 2 ; and - Fig. 4
- a process diagram of a device according to the invention according to another embodiment.
Im Heizmittelkreislauf 50 strömt das Arbeitsmittel zunächst zum ersten Verdampfer 11 des ersten Arbeitsmittelkreislaufs 10, wobei Wärme vom Heizmittel an das Arbeitsmittel des ersten Arbeitsmittelkreislaufs 10 übertragen wird, so dass das Arbeitsmittel in den dampfförmigen Zustand überführt wird. Das Heizmittel wird weiter zum zweiten Verdampfer 21 des zweiten Arbeitsmittelkreislaufs 20 geleitet und bewirkt dort ebenfalls eine Verdampfung des Arbeitsmittels. Nach dem Durchlaufen des zweiten Verdampfers 21 wird der Heizmittelstrom an der Verzweigung 51 aufgeteilt und den beiden Teilvorwärmern 12, 22 der beiden Arbeitsmittelkreisläufe 10, 20 zugeführt. In den beiden Teilvorwärmern 12, 22 bewirkt das Heizmittel eine Erwärmung der Arbeitsmittelkreisläufe 10, 20. Das abgekühlte Heizmittel aus den beiden Teilvorwärmern 12, 22 wird wieder zusammengeführt und abgeleitet.In the
Der wesentliche Vorteil der Anordnung des weiteren Vorwärmers 15 besteht darin, dass dem weiteren Vorwärmer 15 auf diese Weise der gesamte Massenstrom des Heizmittels zugeführt wird, wodurch die zur Erwärmung des Arbeitsmittels im ersten Arbeitsmittelkreislauf 10 zur Verfügung stehende Energie deutlich erhöht ist. Die Nutzung des vollständigen Heizmittelstroms bewirkt, dass die Wärmeenergie des Heizmittels, die bereits gegenüber der ursprünglichen Wärmeenergie der Wärmequelle durch den Energieaustausch im ersten Verdampfer 11 reduziert ist, ausreicht, um das Arbeitsmittel des ersten Arbeitsmittelkreislaufs 10 bis zur Verdampfungstemperatur zu erwärmen. Bei Vorrichtungen gemäß dem Stand der Technik wird die Erwärmung bis zur Verdampfungstemperatur teilweise durch den ersten Verdampfer 11 bewirkt, der jedoch nicht zur Vorwärmung des Arbeitsmittels angepasst ist bzw. werden kann.The main advantage of the arrangement of the
Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung ermöglicht durch den weiteren Vorwärmer 15, dass ein möglichst großer Anteil der Wärmeenergie der Wärmequelle genutzt wird. Das Diagramm gemäß
Es ist generell möglich, dass die Arbeitsmittelkreisläufe 10, 20, 30 zumindest teilweise einen internen Rekuperator 45 aufweisen. Dabei kann der Rekuperator 45 wenigstens einem Teilvorwärmer 12, 13, 22, 23, 33 sowohl vor- oder nachgeordnet, als auch zwischen wenigstens zwei Teilvorwärmern 12, 13, 22, 23, 33 angeordnet sein. Die Lage des Rekuperators 45 richtet sich im Allgemeinen nach den Heizmitteltemperaturen in den jeweiligen Teilvorwärmern 12, 13, 22, 23, 33, so dass das Arbeitmittel beim Durchlaufen des Rekuperators Wärmeenergie aufnimmt bzw. zumindest keine Wärmeenergie an das Heizmittel überträgt.It is generally possible that the working
Die drei Arbeitsmittelkreisläufe 10, 20, 30 sind durch einen gemeinsamen Heizmittelkreislauf so gekoppelt. Dabei strömt das Heizmittel im Heizmittelkreislauf 50 zunächst durch den ersten Verdampfer 11 des ersten Arbeitsmittelkreislaufs 10, weiter durch den Vorwärmer 15 des ersten Arbeitsmittelkreislaufs 10 und im Folgenden durch den zweiten Verdampfer 21 des zweiten Arbeitsmittelkreislaufs 20, bevor der Heizmittelstrom an der Verzweigung 51 aufgeteilt und über die beiden Zweigleitungen 52a, 52b den beiden Teilvorwärmern 12, 22 des ersten und zweiten Arbeitsmittelkreislaufs 10, 20 zugeführt wird. Nach dem Durchlaufen der beiden Teilvorwärmer 12, 22 werden die Heizmittelteilströme zusammengeführt und zum dritten Verdampfer 31 des dritten Arbeitsmittelkreislaufs 30 geleitet. Nach dem dritten Verdampfer 31 des dritten Arbeitsmittelkreislaufs 30 erfolgt wiederum eine Aufteilung des Heizmittelstroms an der weiteren Verzweigung 53, so dass jeweils einem Teilvorwärmer 13, 23, 33 der drei Arbeitsmittelkreisläufe 10, 20, 30, die jeweils der Speisepumpe 41 nachgeordnet sind, über die Zweigleitungen 54a, 54b, 54c ein Heizmittelteilstrom zugeleitet wird. Die Heizmittelteilströme werden anschließend wieder zusammengeführt und abgeleitet.The three working
Es ist denkbar, dass die Arbeitsmittelkreisläufe 10, 20, 30 jeweils eine beliebige Anzahl von Vorwärmern 15 bzw. Teilvorwärmern 12, 13, 22, 23, 33 aufweisen. Dabei ist die Aufteilung des Heizmittelstroms in Heizmittelteilströme entsprechend anzupassen. Gemäß
Die Kopplung zwischen der Kraftmaschine 43 und dem Generator 44 erfolgt vorzugsweise durch eine Welle, wobei zumindest eine, insbesondere alle, Kraftmaschinen 43 eine gemeinsame Welle aufweisen können, die mit zumindest einem Generator gekoppelt ist, so dass Rotationsenergie übertragen und in elektrische Energie umgewandelt wird. Die Kraftmaschinen 43 können als Turbinen, Schrauben- oder Kolbenmotoren ausgeführt sein.The coupling between the
Im Allgemeinen ist es vorteilhaft, in den verschiedenen Arbeitsmittelkreisläufen 10, 20, 30 unterschiedliche Arbeitsmittel einzusetzen, die jeweils eine andere Siedetemperatur aufweisen. Üblicherweise ist die Siedetemperatur des Arbeitsmittels im ersten Arbeitsmittelkreislauf 10 am höchsten und verringert sich mit jedem weiteren, nachgeschalteten Arbeitsmittelkreislauf. Auf diese Weise kann dem Wärmeenergieverlust des Heizmittels beim Durchlaufen der einzelnen Wärmetauscher, insbesondere des Vorwärmers 15, der Teilvorwärmer 12, 13, 22, 23 und der Verdampfer 11, 21, in den vorgeordneten Arbeitsmittelkreisläufen 10, 20 Rechnung getragen und der Wirkungsgrad der gesamten Vorrichtung gesteigert werden, da der Pinch Point der einzelnen Wärmetauscher bis zur minimalen Temperaturdifferenz zwischen den beiden Fluidströmen optimiert werden kann.In general, it is advantageous to use different working materials in the different working
- 1010
- erster Arbeitsmittelkreislauffirst working medium circuit
- 2020
- zweiter Arbeitsmittelkreislaufsecond working medium circuit
- 3030
- dritter Arbeitsmittelkreislaufthird working fluid circuit
- 1111
- erster Verdampferfirst evaporator
- 2121
- zweiter Verdampfersecond evaporator
- 3131
- dritter Verdampferthird evaporator
- 12, 13, 22, 23, 3312, 13, 22, 23, 33
- TeilvorwärmerTeilvorwärmer
- 1515
- Vorwärmerpreheater
- 4141
- Speisepumpefeed pump
- 4242
- Kondensatorcapacitor
- 4343
- Kraftmaschinecombustion engine
- 4444
- Generatorgenerator
- 4545
- interner Rekuperatorinternal recuperator
- 5050
- Heizmittelkreislaufheating medium
- 51, 5351, 53
- Verzweigungbranch
- 52a, 52b, 54a, 54b, 54c52a, 52b, 54a, 54b, 54c
- Zweigleitungbranch line
- 53a, 53b53a, 53b
- Teilverzweigungpart branching
Claims (10)
- Apparatus for generating power in accordance with the ORC principle, having at least two, especially three, working medium circuits (10, 20, 30), each of which comprises at least a condenser (42), an evaporator (11, 21, 31) and a partial pre-heater (12, 13, 22, 23, 33) and which are coupled by a common heating medium circuit (50) in such a way that all of a flow of heating medium is supplied to the evaporators (11, 21, 31) and portions of that flow of heating medium are supplied to the pre-heaters (12, 13, 22, 23, 33),
characterised in that
a first working medium circuit (10) has at least one further pre-heater (15) which is coupled to the heating medium circuit (50) in such a way that all of the flow of heating medium is supplied to the further pre-heater (15). - Apparatus according to claim 1,
characterised in that
the further pre-heater (15) is arranged in the first working medium circuit (10) between a partial pre-heater (12) and a first evaporator (11). - Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2,
characterised in that
the further pre-heater (15) is arranged in the heating medium circuit (50) between the first evaporator (11) of the first working medium circuit (10) and the second evaporator (21) of the second working medium circuit (20). - Apparatus according to at least one of claims 1 to 3,
characterised in that
the further pre-heater (15) comprises a plate heat exchanger and/or tube bundle heat exchanger. - Apparatus according to at least one of claims 1 to 4,
characterised in that
at least one of the working medium circuits (10, 20, 30) has an internal recuperator (45). - Apparatus according to at least one of claims 1 to 5,
characterised in that
the working medium circuits (10, 20, 30) each have a prime mover (43), especially a turbine. - Apparatus according to claim 6,
characterised in that
the prime movers (43), especially turbines, are each coupled by a shaft to a respective generator (44). - Apparatus according to claim 6,
characterised in that
at least two prime movers (43), especially turbines, are coupled by a common shaft to a generator (44). - Apparatus according to at least one of claims 1 to 8,
characterised in that
the heating medium circuit (50) has a branching point (51) with at least two branch lines (52a, 52b), which branching point is arranged downstream of the second evaporator (21) of the second working medium circuit (20), the branch lines (52a, 52b) being coupled to a partial pre-heater (12, 13) of the first working medium circuit (10) and to a partial pre-heater (22, 23) of the second working medium circuit (20). - Apparatus according to claim 9, characterised in that the heating medium circuit (50) has a further branching point (53) with at least three branch lines (54a, 54b, 54c), which branching point is arranged downstream of the third evaporator (31) of the third working medium circuit (30), the branch lines (54a, 54b, 54c) being coupled to a partial pre-heater (12, 13) of the first working medium circuit (10), to a partial pre-heater (22, 23) of the second working medium circuit (20) and to a partial pre-heater (33) of the third working medium circuit (30).
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DE200720015236 DE202007015236U1 (en) | 2007-11-02 | 2007-11-02 | Device for generating energy |
PCT/EP2008/009221 WO2009056341A2 (en) | 2007-11-02 | 2008-10-31 | Device for generating power |
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DE (2) | DE202007015236U1 (en) |
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DE102008051849A1 (en) * | 2008-10-17 | 2010-04-22 | Bauer, Christian | Electrical energy generating coupler, has heat exchanger with exchange medium outlet line, which is connected with electrical feed line of geothermal energy generating system, where electrical feed line is connected with earth |
EP2765281B1 (en) * | 2013-02-07 | 2015-07-08 | Ingenieria I Mas D-Tec Ratio, S.L. | A rankine cycle apparatus |
DE102014201116B3 (en) * | 2014-01-22 | 2015-07-09 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Apparatus and method for an ORC cycle |
US10436075B2 (en) * | 2015-01-05 | 2019-10-08 | General Electric Company | Multi-pressure organic Rankine cycle |
CN105443175A (en) * | 2016-01-07 | 2016-03-30 | 上海维尔泰克螺杆机械有限公司 | Cascade type organic Rankine cycle system |
DE102016112601A1 (en) | 2016-07-08 | 2018-01-11 | INTEC GMK GmbH | Device for power generation according to the ORC principle, geothermal system with such a device and operating method |
CN108223315A (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2018-06-29 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | A kind of twin-stage flash distillation and the united geothermal power generation plant of Organic Rankine Cycle and method |
IT201900006589A1 (en) | 2019-05-07 | 2020-11-07 | Turboden Spa | OPTIMIZED ORGANIC CASCADE RANKINE CYCLE |
EP4158161B1 (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2024-06-19 | Turboden S.p.A. | Cascade organic rankine cycle plant |
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- 2008-10-31 TR TR2018/08721T patent/TR201808721T4/en unknown
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TR201808721T4 (en) | 2018-07-23 |
EP2217793A2 (en) | 2010-08-18 |
DE202007015236U1 (en) | 2008-01-24 |
WO2009056341A3 (en) | 2010-08-12 |
DE202008018661U1 (en) | 2018-01-23 |
WO2009056341A2 (en) | 2009-05-07 |
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