EP2217743A1 - Insert de coupe revêtu pour usiner des alliages à base d'aluminium - Google Patents

Insert de coupe revêtu pour usiner des alliages à base d'aluminium

Info

Publication number
EP2217743A1
EP2217743A1 EP08845811A EP08845811A EP2217743A1 EP 2217743 A1 EP2217743 A1 EP 2217743A1 EP 08845811 A EP08845811 A EP 08845811A EP 08845811 A EP08845811 A EP 08845811A EP 2217743 A1 EP2217743 A1 EP 2217743A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
zrn
cutting tool
cemented carbide
tool insert
coating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08845811A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Tommy Larsson
Anna Sandberg
Andreas Larsson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Seco Tools AB
Original Assignee
Seco Tools AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Seco Tools AB filed Critical Seco Tools AB
Publication of EP2217743A1 publication Critical patent/EP2217743A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/148Composition of the cutting inserts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C5/00Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • B23C5/20Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape with removable cutter bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/0021Reactive sputtering or evaporation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/0641Nitrides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
    • C23C14/24Vacuum evaporation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
    • C23C14/24Vacuum evaporation
    • C23C14/32Vacuum evaporation by explosion; by evaporation and subsequent ionisation of the vapours, e.g. ion-plating
    • C23C14/325Electric arc evaporation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C30/00Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
    • C23C30/005Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process on hard metal substrates
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B2222/00Materials of tools or workpieces composed of metals, alloys or metal matrices
    • B23B2222/04Aluminium
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B2222/00Materials of tools or workpieces composed of metals, alloys or metal matrices
    • B23B2222/28Details of hard metal, i.e. cemented carbide
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B2228/00Properties of materials of tools or workpieces, materials of tools or workpieces applied in a specific manner
    • B23B2228/10Coatings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C2222/00Materials of tools or workpieces composed of metals, alloys or metal matrices
    • B23C2222/04Aluminium
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C2222/00Materials of tools or workpieces composed of metals, alloys or metal matrices
    • B23C2222/28Details of hard metal, i.e. cemented carbide
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C2228/00Properties of materials of tools or workpieces, materials of tools or workpieces applied in a specific manner
    • B23C2228/10Coating

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to machining of aluminium alloys. More particularly, the present invention relates to using inserts consisting of a substrate based on WC-Co and a hard and wear resistant refractory layer of ZrN resulting in an unexpected increase in tool life and in productivity.
  • Aluminium is a material which, in general, is easy to machine with cemented carbide tools. Often, very high metal removal rates in combination with long tool life can be obtained. However, in some abrasive aluminium alloys e.g. high silicon content alloys, the machinability with cemented carbide tools is limited and the use of for instance diamond tools or diamond coated tools is most effective . Uncoated cemented carbide is normally used for the machining of aluminium alloys because uncoated cemented carbides provide wear resistance, toughness and good high temperature properties. So far no improvement has been found when using coated inserts except for diamond and diamond-like carbon coatings. US 5651295 discloses the use of a sharp edge physical vapor deposition coated cemented carbide cutting tool for machining of internal and external grooves in aluminium based alloys. The tool is coated with a TiN layer.
  • US 4859124 discloses methods of making and of using a high density high strength titanium diboride comprising material. The method of use is as a cutting tool at relatively high speeds against aluminium based materials.
  • US 5069092 provides an iron-based cutting tool, useful for machining aluminium based workpieces.
  • the cutting tool is coated with a layer of silicon carbide having a thickness in the range of about 1-4 ⁇ m.
  • EP 1563933 relates to coated cemented carbide cutting tool inserts for bimetal machining under wet conditions at moderate cutting speeds, particularly useful for face milling of engine blocks comprising alloys of aluminium and/or magnesium and cast iron.
  • the inserts are characterized by a submicron WC-Co cemented carbide and a coating including an inner layer of TiCN with columnar grains followed by a layer of K-AI2O3 and a top layer of TiN.
  • US 6617271 discloses a high-performance binder-less high purity tungsten carbide material, its manufacturing and applications as a cutting tool material such as for the use to machine aluminium alloys.
  • US 6896452 relates to method of milling a material comprising aluminium and cast iron.
  • a silicon nitride based cutting tool insert at a cutting speed of more than 1000 m/min an unexpected increase in tool life has been obtained.
  • inserts provided with a ZrN layer display enhanced performance in aluminium alloy cutting preferably turning or milling.
  • Fig 1 Fracture cross-section of the ZrN-layer according to the invention in as-deposited condition.
  • A denotes the ZrN layer
  • B denotes the WC-Co substrate.
  • a coated cutting tool insert is provided with a cemented carbide substrate having a composition of 4-14 wt% Co, preferably 5-11 wt% Co, elements Ti,
  • VIb corresponding to a total content of less than 5 wt%, preferably less than 2.5 wt% and rest WC.
  • the mean intercept length of the tungsten carbide phase measured on a ground and polished representative cross section is in the range 0.25-0.75 ⁇ m, preferably 0.3-0.7 ⁇ m.
  • the intercept length is measured by means of image analysis on micrographs with a magnification of 1000Ox and calculated as the average value of about 1000 intercept lengths.
  • the cemented carbide contains only WC and Co .
  • the cemented carbide contains 0.1-5.0 wt%, preferably 0.1-2.5 wt% of the cubic carbide forming elements Ti, Ta and/or Nb, which may be replaced by other carbides of elements from groups IVb, Vb or VIb of the periodic table.
  • the cemented carbide contains 0.1-0.7 wt% Cr and/or V in addition to WC and Co.
  • the Co content is 4-9 wt%, preferably 5-8 wt%.
  • the Co content is 5-11 wt%.
  • the cemented carbide substrate is provided with a coating of at least one layer of ZrN, preferably only one ZrN-layer, of a crystalline phase (PDF 35-0753) , as detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD) using CuKCC radiation in ⁇ -2 ⁇ and/or gracing incidence geometry.
  • the ZrN phase may contain elements from the groups IVb-VIb, for example Ti, Nb, Hf, Cr, V up to 20 at-%, preferably up to 10 at-%, of the metal content.
  • Nitrogen can partly be replaced by carbon, oxygen and/or boron corresponding to a concentration of up to 25% of the N concentration.
  • the total layer thickness, measured on the clearance face, of the ZrN-layer (s) according to the present invention is between 0.1 and 10 ⁇ m, preferably between 0.5 and 5 ⁇ m with the total thickness of the non ZrN containing layer (s) being less than 10 ⁇ m.
  • the present invention also relates to a method of making a cutting insert by powder metallurgical technique, wet milling of powders forming hard constituents and binder phase, compacting the milled mixture to bodies of desired shape and size and sintering, comprising a cemented carbide substrate and a coating.
  • a substrate consisting of 4-14 wt% Co, preferably 5-11 wt% Co, elements Ti, Ta, and/or Nb and/or Cr or other element from groups IVb, Vb or VIb corresponding to a total content of less than 5 wt%, preferably less than 2.5 wt%, and rest WC, and a mean intercept length of the tungsten carbide of 0.3-0.8 ⁇ m, preferably 0.4-0.8 ⁇ m, and depositing a coating by arc evaporation composed of one or more layers of refractory compounds of which at least one layer comprises a ZrN crystalline phase (PDF 35-0753) as detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD) in ⁇ -2 ⁇ and/or gracing incidence geometry.
  • XRD X-ray diffraction
  • the ZrN phase may contain elements from the groups IVb-VIb, for example Ti, Nb, Hf, Cr, V up to 20 at-%, preferably up to 10 at-%, of the metal content.
  • Nitrogen can partly be replaced by carbon, oxygen and/or boron corresponding to a concentration of up to 25% of the N concentration.
  • the method used to grow the layer, comprising ZrN phase of the present invention is based on arc evaporation of a cathode, under the following conditions:
  • the evaporation current is between 70 A and 150 A depending on cathode size and cathode material. When using cathodes of 63 mm in diameter the evaporation current is preferably between 80 A and 140 A.
  • the substrate bias is between -10 V and -80 V, preferably between -20 V and -60 V.
  • the deposition temperature is between 400°C and 700°C, preferably between 500°C and 700°C.
  • the atmosphere consists preferably of N 2 at a total pressure of 0.5 Pa to 10 Pa, preferably 2 Pa to 8 Pa.
  • the present invention has been described with reference to layer (s) containing a ZrN phase deposited using arc evaporation. It is obvious that ZrN phase containing layer (s) also could be produced using other PVD-technologies such as magnetron sputtering, electron beam evaporation, ion plating or laser ablation .
  • the present invention also relates to the use of inserts according to above for machining of aluminium alloys, at cutting speeds of 500-1600 m/min, cutting depths of 0.5-10 mm and feeds of 0.05-2.0 mm/rev in turning applications or 0.05-2.0 mm/tooth in milling applications.
  • Grade A A cemented carbide substrate according to the invention, with the average composition 6.0 wt% Co, 0.28 wt% Cr and balance WC, and a mean intercept length of WC in the sintered substrate of about 0.45 ⁇ m was produced by conventional milling of powders, pressing of green compacts and subsequent sintering at 1400 °C.
  • the substrate was coated, as described below, with a 3.5 ⁇ m thick layer of ZrN, see Fig. 1.
  • Grade B A cemented carbide cutting tool, with a cemented carbide substrate according to Grade A was coated with a 3.4 ⁇ m thick layer of Tio.33Alo.67N.
  • Grade C A uncoated cemented carbide cutting tool with a cemented carbide according to grade A.
  • Grade D A cemented carbide substrate according to the invention, with the average composition 10.0 wt% Co, 0.45 wt% Cr and balance WC, and a mean intercept length of WC in the sintered substrate of about 0.4 ⁇ m was produced by conventional milling of powders, pressing of green compacts and subsequent sintering at 1400 °C.
  • the substrate was coated, as described below, with a 2.1 ⁇ m thick layer of ZrN.
  • Grade E A cemented carbide cutting tool, with a cemented carbide substrate according to Grade D was coated with a 2.2 ⁇ m thick layer of Tio.33Alo.67N.
  • the substrates were cleaned in ultrasonic baths using alkali solution and alcohol and subsequently placed in the PVD-system using a fixture of three-fold rotation.
  • the shortest cathode-to-substrate distance was 130 mm.
  • the system was evacuated to a pressure of less than 2.0xl0 ⁇ 3 Pa, after which the substrates were sputter cleaned with Ar ions.
  • the layers were grown using arc evaporation of Zr cathodes (63 mm in diameter) .
  • the deposition was carried out in a 99.995% pure N 2 atmosphere at a total pressure of 7.0 Pa, using a substrate bias of -52 V.
  • the deposition temperature was about 530°C.
  • the thickness of the coating layer was measured in the middle of the clearance face of the cutting tool insert.
  • Phase identification of the ZrN in as-deposited condition was made by X-ray diffraction using a constant gracing incident angle of 1° between primary beam and sample surface and scanning the detector in order to magnify peaks originating from the layer, see Figure 2 b.
  • the test was stopped when the flank wear reached a maximum value of 0.15 mm.
  • Example 3 Grades A, B, and C were tested in machining of an aluminium gear casing.
  • the test was stopped when the surface integrity of the machined component was unsatisfactory.
  • the test was stopped when the flank wear reached a maximum value of 0.2 mm.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un insert d'outil de coupe, particulièrement utile pour usiner des alliages d'aluminium, comportant un substrat de carbure cémenté et un revêtement. Le carbure cémenté a une composition de Co de 4 à 14 % en poids, jusqu'à 5 % en poids des éléments Ti, Ta, et/ou Nb et/ou Cr ou autre élément des groupes IVb, Vb ou VIb, et le reste étant WC. Le revêtement est composé d'une ou de plusieurs couches de composés réfractaires dont au moins une couche comprend du ZrN.
EP08845811A 2007-11-01 2008-10-29 Insert de coupe revêtu pour usiner des alliages à base d'aluminium Withdrawn EP2217743A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0702411A SE0702411L (sv) 2007-11-01 2007-11-01 Belagt skär för bearbetning av aluminiumbaserade legeringar
PCT/SE2008/051230 WO2009058082A1 (fr) 2007-11-01 2008-10-29 Insert de coupe revêtu pour usiner des alliages à base d'aluminium

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2217743A1 true EP2217743A1 (fr) 2010-08-18

Family

ID=40591297

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08845811A Withdrawn EP2217743A1 (fr) 2007-11-01 2008-10-29 Insert de coupe revêtu pour usiner des alliages à base d'aluminium

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2217743A1 (fr)
SE (1) SE0702411L (fr)
WO (1) WO2009058082A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102899611A (zh) * 2012-02-27 2013-01-30 河北农业大学 一种在铝合金表面沉积ZrN薄膜工艺的研究
CN105195768A (zh) * 2015-09-10 2015-12-30 苏州华冲精密机械有限公司 一种高硬度隔热刀具
RU2622545C1 (ru) * 2015-12-15 2017-06-16 федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Ульяновский государственный технический университет" Способ получения многослойного покрытия для режущего инструмента
CN106637077B (zh) * 2016-11-15 2020-11-24 山东大学 一种刀具表面涂层的制备方法及制备得到的涂层

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4895765A (en) * 1985-09-30 1990-01-23 Union Carbide Corporation Titanium nitride and zirconium nitride coating compositions, coated articles and methods of manufacture
US5075181A (en) * 1989-05-05 1991-12-24 Kennametal Inc. High hardness/high compressive stress multilayer coated tool
WO2006109457A1 (fr) * 2005-04-07 2006-10-19 Sumitomo Electric Hardmetal Corp. Tete de coupe a tranchant interchangeable

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2009058082A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2009058082A1 (fr) 2009-05-07
SE0702411L (sv) 2009-05-02

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