EP2215192A2 - Procédé pour fournir de l'énergie en utilisant un mélange, et installation correspondante - Google Patents

Procédé pour fournir de l'énergie en utilisant un mélange, et installation correspondante

Info

Publication number
EP2215192A2
EP2215192A2 EP08708466A EP08708466A EP2215192A2 EP 2215192 A2 EP2215192 A2 EP 2215192A2 EP 08708466 A EP08708466 A EP 08708466A EP 08708466 A EP08708466 A EP 08708466A EP 2215192 A2 EP2215192 A2 EP 2215192A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mixture
gas
ammonia
silicon
oxygen
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08708466A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Florian Krass
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SINCONO AG
Original Assignee
SINCONO AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from PCT/EP2007/061574 external-priority patent/WO2008052951A2/fr
Application filed by SINCONO AG filed Critical SINCONO AG
Priority to EP08708466A priority Critical patent/EP2215192A2/fr
Priority claimed from PCT/EP2008/051151 external-priority patent/WO2009053112A2/fr
Publication of EP2215192A2 publication Critical patent/EP2215192A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • Y02E60/364—

Definitions

  • the object of the present invention is to name possible fossil raw materials and to describe their technical implementation.
  • the process Chemical considerations for use are characterized in that the substances present in the raw materials and other mixtures participate in a reaction (in a power plant process). These reactions are similar to physiological processes that occur, for example, in the human body.
  • a stripping, decomposition mixture or an artificial mixture is used as a raw material which, in addition to hydrocarbons, also comprises silicon compounds.
  • lignite with sand and / or silicates for example in the form of diatomaceous earth casings
  • diatom carbon particularly suitable is the so-called diatom carbon.
  • Diatom carbon includes a brown coal fraction and kieselguhr.
  • the diatomaceous charcoal has a very low calorific value (about 50 percent compared to the reference coal) and an extremely high proportion of ash.
  • the ash content largely comprises kieselguhr. Therefore, it was previously considered technically meaningless to burn this coal in a power plant process to produce heat or electricity.
  • an artificial mixture may also be used as a raw material comprising wood components and a siliceous material (e.g., sand or shale). Highly compacted, easily transportable forms of this artificial mixture (for example in the form of pellets or briquettes) have proven particularly useful.
  • a siliceous material e.g., sand or shale
  • Fig. 1 a schematic of a first exemplary inventive
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic of a third exemplary invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic of a fourth exemplary invention
  • a first example relates to the application of the invention in a power plant operation to burn and / or react therefrom the stripping mixture (hereinafter referred to as mixture) in an intelligent and selectively controlled manner with suitable gases.
  • suitable gases Preferably, first with oxygen and then with nitrogen "burned", respectively brought to reaction.
  • This novel power plant approach uses all the essential components or constituents of the mixture and controls the necessary gases in a controlled manner so that the desired processes and reactions take place in the prescribed manner.
  • the components of the mixture is individually optimized by the multi-stage design, but it can also the resulting exhaust gases and products are controlled.
  • the CO 2 exhaust that has previously been produced during fossil combustion is reduced or eliminated.
  • Nitrogen oxides can no longer or only in small quantities arise.
  • the reactions according to the invention are designed in such a way that preferably an oxygen-based combustion and a nitrogen-based "combustion" of the mixture or of the constituents of the mixture takes place, resulting in CO 2 -GaS being converted (chemically) to a sodium carbonate solid (eg soda)
  • a sodium carbonate solid eg soda
  • nitrogen can be bound in the form of silicon nitride.
  • diatomaceous charcoal As a starting material is used in a first embodiment, for example, diatomaceous charcoal. Separation of the constituents of the diatom carbon is not necessary because, as will be explained below with reference to FIG. 1, the entire mixture is reacted step by step.
  • the mixture is fed to a reaction chamber, for example in the form of a burner or a combustion chamber (first combustion region 10).
  • the carbon content of the mixture 12 is burnt with the supply of oxygen-containing gas O (preferably with an oxygen concentration that is more than 50%).
  • oxygen-containing gas O preferably with an oxygen concentration that is more than 50%.
  • an oxygen-containing gas having an oxygen concentration of more than 95% is schematically indicated that the oxygen-containing gas O passes through a pipe 14 (eg, a lance) in the first combustion region 10. It is obvious that there are various possibilities for introducing the oxygen-containing gas O.
  • a pipe 14 eg, a lance
  • a large part of the amount of heat generated can be used for example by means of a heat exchanger 13 for providing steam.
  • a turbine can be driven to generate electricity.
  • flue gas is produced which contains almost only CO 2 .
  • a trigger 11 this flue gas can be collected.
  • the process according to the invention can e.g. used in the environment of an oxyfuel plant.
  • the remainder of the mixture 22 is then heated strongly, preferably to temperatures above 1500 ° C.
  • the heating is preferably carried out by supplying gaseous hydrocarbons (eg methane, butane or propane), preferably propane gas (analogous to propane nitration), or other gaseous Kohlungsstoffn to separate the silicon compound of the mixture.
  • gaseous hydrocarbons also referred to herein as gasl
  • the gaseous hydrocarbons are preferably supplied through a pipe 24 (eg a lance).
  • This step may be performed in the first firing range 10, but in a preferred embodiment, the mixture 12 is conveyed from the first firing range 10 into a second firing range 20 (e.g., by a screw conveyor).
  • the silicon compound of the remaining remainder of the mixture 22 is then heated and separated in this second combustion region 20.
  • Silicon preferably in the form of silicon radicals
  • Silicates diatomaceous earth
  • Nitrogen gas N is now supplied in the second combustion region 20 in order to convert silicon from the silicon compound with nitrogen from nitrogen gas into silicon nitride. This reaction is exothermic, i. it releases (heat) energy.
  • the nitrogen gas N is preferably supplied through a pipe 25 (e.g., a lance).
  • the nitrogen gas has a nitrogen concentration above 50%, preferably above 80%).
  • the mixture 22 is conveyed from the second combustion region 20 into a third region (called reaction region) (For example, by a screw conveyor), there to perform the exothermic conversion to silicon nitride.
  • this conversion takes place in the second combustion region 20.
  • This combustion region 20 is therefore equipped in the case shown with means 24, 25, 26 for the individual supply of at least two different gases and different amounts of these gases enable.
  • the flue gas produced in the second and / or third combustion region 20 can be collected via a trigger 21.
  • a trigger 21 By burning the mixture 22, an enormous amount of heat is released, which can be used in part for the subsequent process step, as indicated in Fig. 1 with reference to the arrow W2.
  • a large part of the heat generated can be used for example by means of a heat exchanger 23 for providing steam.
  • the steam e.g. a turbine to be powered to generate electricity.
  • a reservoir 30 may be provided to receive the resulting silicon nitride.
  • the silicon nitride may be removed, for example, as indicated by the freight car 31.
  • the carbon dioxide-containing flue gas resulting from combustion of the carbon fraction of the mixture 12 in the strongly oxygen-containing atmosphere can, according to the invention, be introduced into an ammonia salt solution in order to convert the carbon dioxide content of the flue gas into soda or another sodium carbonate compound.
  • a corresponding method for reaction in soda or in another sodium carbonate compounds is the subject of the patent application EP 07 104 246.9 filed on 15.3.2007 at the European Patent Office.
  • CO 2 can be blown into the second or third combustion zone 20 as a gaseous reactant.
  • This CO 2 can be, for example, the CO 2 off-gas, which is obtained in large quantities in the combustion in the first combustion zone 10 and so far escapes into the atmosphere in many cases.
  • the silicon in the combustion chamber reacts in this case with the CO 2 to silicon carbide (SiC). This reaction is slightly exothermic.
  • the second or third combustion zone 20 may be temporarily supplied with oxygen-containing gas.
  • oxygen-containing gas or in addition to this gas, steam or hypercritical H 2 O at over 407 ° C can be supplied to the process.
  • carbon dioxide eg from the exhaust gas
  • This additional gas oxygen or steam or carbon dioxide is indicated in Fig. 1 with Gas2.
  • a mixture of brown coal together with overburden which includes silicon compounds (sand, shale, etc.) contains.
  • overburden which includes silicon compounds (sand, shale, etc.) contains.
  • FIG. Another possible embodiment is indicated schematically in FIG.
  • the reactor 33 either rotates about its longitudinal axis and has a helical structure on the inside. Due to the rotational movement, the helical structure promotes the mixture from left to right.
  • the reactor 33 may also have a screw which sits in the interior and which is driven to convey the mixture from left to right.
  • the mixture 12 is shown, which was introduced into the reactor 33.
  • tube 14 eg, a lance
  • coils 32 may be disposed in an induction zone about the entrance area, respectively, in the first combustion zone 10 of the reactor 33 to accelerate the heating and reacting of the mixture 12, or to dry the mixture 12 before it is burned. The fact that the carbon content of the mixture 12 is burned reduces the volume of the mixture 12.
  • the remaining portion 22 of the mixture is conveyed to the right into the second combustion zone 20.
  • an emergency flood system 36 may be provided at reactor 33 for flooding the interior of the reactor with inert gas (e.g., argon).
  • inert gas e.g., argon
  • FIG. It is a plant 100, which has been specially optimized for the present process and allows a particularly good flow of the mixture 12 and a good supply of reaction gases and discharge of the exhaust gases.
  • the reactor 40 has a rotationally symmetrical structure. The axis of symmetry A extends centrally through the reactor 40.
  • the reactor 40 is characterized in that it has a first outer conical or inclined surface 42 inclined obliquely inwards. This surface 42 merges into a second inclined surface 43, which is steeper and is also inclined inwards.
  • doors or flaps 44 are provided, which allow filling of the reactor 40 with the mixture 12 from the outside.
  • tracks or roads are laid out around the reactor 40 to deliver the mixture 12 by cars or trucks.
  • the mixture 12 can be introduced. Gravity allows newly introduced mixture 12 to slowly slide down the inclined surface 42.
  • Below this inclined surface heating means 45 may be arranged to dry and / or preheat the mixture 12.
  • More toward the center of the reactor 40 towards a first gas distribution head 46 is provided, which is supplied from below via a tube 14 with strongly oxygen-containing gas O.
  • the mixture 12 is swirled by the injection of the oxygen-containing gas O, as indicated by the cloud 41.
  • the swirling mixture 41 is burned with the oxygen gas O and the carbon fraction rises as CO 2 -GaS upward and is captured there by the trigger 11.
  • the turbulence causes a drastic increase in the surface area of the mixture 12 and the combustion process is more efficient and complete.
  • a second Gasverteil köpf 47 which is designed here as a conical head, from the center of hydrocarbon gas (eg propane, butane or methane), here referred to as Gasl blown become.
  • the temperature can be adjusted so that the silicon compounds of the remaining part 22 of the mixture are split become.
  • the hydrocarbon gas Gasl may be supplied through a pipe 24.
  • nitrogen gas N is blown in, wherein a portion of the nitrogen then reacts with elemental silicon to Si 3 N 4 and deposited in the bottom region of the combustion zone 20.
  • the nitrogen gas N can either be injected through the second gas distribution head 47 or, as indicated in FIG. 4, it can be blown through a third gas distributor 48.
  • the nitrogen gas N may be supplied through a pipe (s) 25.
  • doors or flaps 49 may be arranged to remove the (Rekations-) product (eg SiC or Si 3 N 4 ) by opening these doors or flaps 49. After opening the doors or flaps 49, the (Rekations-) product, for example, impinge on a cone 52 with sloping outer surfaces to slip outwards.
  • the (Rekations-) product eg SiC or Si 3 N 4
  • a trigger 21 is provided, which receives gases that have not reacted.
  • the invention is characterized in that several reactions go hand in hand.
  • the individual reactions are controlled according to the invention by controlling the amounts of the mixture 12 and by controlling the gas pressures and gas flows.
  • numerous pressure, temperature and gas sensors are provided inside and / or at the plant 100. These sensors provide control variables for a control S of the plant.
  • the gas flows respectively gas quantities, the temperature-time regime and the amount of the mixture to be reacted 12, respectively, the composition taken into account.
  • this control S is indicated schematically.
  • An analog controller S can also be used in the other systems 100.
  • the gas sources 50 in the form of gas cylinders are schematically illustrated. It is obvious that 100 other gas sources 50 are used in a large-scale plant.
  • the gas pressures and gas flows of the individual gases are controlled as required by means of controlled gas supplies 51.
  • An additional gas (Gas2) can be used, as described above. For this reason, a corresponding gas source is shown in FIG. As additional gas but also carbon dioxide from the trigger 11 can be fed to the process again.
  • the pure nitrogen atmosphere from the ambient air is achieved by combustion of the oxygen content of the air with propane gas (known from propane nitration).
  • the nitrogen gas and the oxygen gases can also be provided by means of the Linde method.
  • silicon carbide SiC
  • silicon nitride Si 3 N 4
  • Si 3 N 4 silicon nitride
  • Silicon reacts with carbon slightly exothermic to silicon carbide.
  • silicon carbide can be obtained endothermically directly from silicon dioxide and carbon at around 2000 ° C.
  • a thermite reaction may be occasionally initiated by, for example, aluminum and ferric oxide is introduced.
  • the CO 2 can be converted into soda (sodium carbonate).
  • ammonium chloride (NH 4 CI) can be converted into ammonia (NH 3 ) and silicon tetrachloride (SiCl 4 ).
  • the silicon tetrachloride (SiCI 4 ) in turn can be used in the production of silanes according to a P. Plichta described methods are used.
  • the silicon nitride can be reacted in ammonia, with the ammonia used to produce the ammonia salt solution for soda production.
  • the conversion to ammonia may be by hydrolysis or by the addition of a caustic (e.g., KOH).
  • the ammonia can be used to serve as salt heat storage.
  • ammonium chloride Upon conversion to soda, ammonium chloride is formed using the ammonium chloride to produce salt for a salt heat store. However, it is also possible to produce an ammonium salt which is able to safely and effectively store ammonia.
  • silicon carbide and silicon nitride may also be combined as follows.
  • (elemental) silicon which is produced in a reduction process (eg in the third combustion zone), is used.
  • a portion of the silicon may be used to bind carbon dioxide resulting, for example, from heating the silica solids.
  • This bonding process produces silicon carbide and CO 2 silicon carbide in a slightly exothermic process.
  • the rest of the silicon can be reacted with nitrogen gas as a reactant to silicon nitride. This process is highly exothermic.
  • Part of the heat energy generated in these exothermic processes can be used to prepare the reductant.
  • an artificial mixture is used as a raw material comprising wood components and a siliceous material (eg sand or shale).
  • a siliceous material eg sand or shale.
  • the pellets or briquettes can be pressed from dry, natural residual wood (sawdust and wood shavings) together with eg sand into the desired shape. They are pressed under high pressure and have an extremely low water content and a high inherent density. Therefore, there is only a small storage and transport volume.
  • the wood-containing lignin is used as a binder for the pellets or briquettes to combine both the wood, carbon, and silicon compounds. Also possible is the use of wood shares, which are sheathed or surrounded by a silicon compound.
  • this mixture is foamed before or during the combustion or inflated by heat and containing gas components (popcorning), so as to significantly increase the surface area and promote the chemical reactions.

Landscapes

  • Silicon Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

Installation (100) pour la conversion contrôlée de mélanges (12) contenant du carbone, sachant que de la chaleur est dégagée et que les produits de réaction gazeux ainsi que solides sont recueillis et revalorisés. L'installation (100) comprend une commande de gaz correspondante (S), afin de pouvoir commander à la demande les gaz utilisés pour les réactions.
EP08708466A 2007-10-26 2008-01-30 Procédé pour fournir de l'énergie en utilisant un mélange, et installation correspondante Withdrawn EP2215192A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08708466A EP2215192A2 (fr) 2007-10-26 2008-01-30 Procédé pour fournir de l'énergie en utilisant un mélange, et installation correspondante

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2007/061574 WO2008052951A2 (fr) 2006-10-29 2007-10-26 Sable, schiste et autres composés solides de dioxyde de silicium utilisés comme substances de départ pour préparer des composés solides de silicium, et procédé correspondant d'utilisation de centrales électriques
EP08708466A EP2215192A2 (fr) 2007-10-26 2008-01-30 Procédé pour fournir de l'énergie en utilisant un mélange, et installation correspondante
PCT/EP2008/051151 WO2009053112A2 (fr) 2007-10-26 2008-01-30 Procédé pour fournir de l'énergie en utilisant un mélange, et installation correspondante

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2215192A2 true EP2215192A2 (fr) 2010-08-11

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EP08708466A Withdrawn EP2215192A2 (fr) 2007-10-26 2008-01-30 Procédé pour fournir de l'énergie en utilisant un mélange, et installation correspondante

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3700860A4 (fr) * 2017-10-27 2021-08-11 Northern Silicon Inc. Système et procédé de production de silicium haute pureté

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2009053112A3 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3700860A4 (fr) * 2017-10-27 2021-08-11 Northern Silicon Inc. Système et procédé de production de silicium haute pureté
US11434138B2 (en) 2017-10-27 2022-09-06 Kevin Allan Dooley Inc. System and method for manufacturing high purity silicon

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