EP2214454B1 - Induction hob with multiple inductors - Google Patents

Induction hob with multiple inductors Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2214454B1
EP2214454B1 EP10151166A EP10151166A EP2214454B1 EP 2214454 B1 EP2214454 B1 EP 2214454B1 EP 10151166 A EP10151166 A EP 10151166A EP 10151166 A EP10151166 A EP 10151166A EP 2214454 B1 EP2214454 B1 EP 2214454B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
inductor
inductors
switching element
control unit
inverter
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Application number
EP10151166A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2214454A1 (en
Inventor
Claudio Carretero Chamarro
Ignacio Garde Aranda
Sergio Llorente Gil
Ignacio Millan Serrano
Daniel Moros Sanz
Daniel Palacios Tomas
Ramon Peinado Adiego
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BSH Hausgeraete GmbH
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BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeraete GmbH
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/10—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications
    • H05B6/12—Cooking devices
    • H05B6/1209—Cooking devices induction cooking plates or the like and devices to be used in combination with them
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/10—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications
    • H05B6/12—Cooking devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2213/00—Aspects relating both to resistive heating and to induction heating, covered by H05B3/00 and H05B6/00
    • H05B2213/03—Heating plates made out of a matrix of heating elements that can define heating areas adapted to cookware randomly placed on the heating plate

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an induction hob with a plurality of inductors according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for operating an induction hob according to the preamble of claim 9.
  • an induction hob with multiple inductors and a control unit for activating and deactivating the inductors is known.
  • a half-bridge inverter generates a heating current for driving the inductors, and includes two semiconductor switching elements that can connect and disconnect a connection between one of the inductors and a positive pole of a rectifier or ground potential.
  • the two semiconductor switching elements are alternately opened and closed by the control unit with the frequency of the heating current.
  • One of the semiconductor switching elements can therefore be used for grounding at least one of the inductors, but this only happens during the active phases of the inductor in order to generate the alternating voltage.
  • the semiconductor switches consist of a transistor with a parallel freewheeling diode.
  • the input lines of the half-bridge inverters and the output lines of the rectifier are connected via a damping capacitor.
  • a damping capacitor For example, when an alternating magnetic field is induced in an inactive inductor by the operation of an adjacent inductor, a current may be induced to flow through the freewheeling diode into the bus line of the inverter connected to the positive pole of the rectifier. A discharge of the charge is prevented by the freewheeling diode, so that the charge can accumulate in the damping capacitor. This can lead to uncontrolled discharge upon reactivation of the inductor. This uncontrolled discharge can eventually lead to damage in electronic components of the induction hob.
  • the object of the invention is, in particular, to provide an induction hob, in which uncontrolled charge accumulations in the bus line can be avoided.
  • the invention is based in particular on an induction hob with a plurality of inductors, a control unit for activating and deactivating the inductors and a switching element for grounding at least one of the inductors.
  • control unit close the switching element and ground the inductor when the inductor is deactivated.
  • charge accumulation in the bus line and uncontrolled discharges can be avoided, which ultimately damage of electronic components are unlikely and the life of the induction hob can be increased.
  • a separate switching element can be avoided if the switching element is a semiconductor switch of an inverter connected to the inductor, which may be in particular a transistor with insulated gate electrode.
  • the induction hob comprises a plurality of power electronics modules, each with at least one rectifier and at least one inverter, since then individual supply lines can be inactive, although adjacent inductors are in operation.
  • the switching element comprises a transistor and a diode arranged parallel to the transistor.
  • the body diode can act in this sense.
  • An inexpensive switching element can be realized by an IGBT transistor in which the transistor has an insulated gate electrode.
  • a further aspect of the invention relates to a method for operating an induction hob with a plurality of inductors and a control unit for activating and deactivating the inductors and a switching element for grounding at least one of the inductors.
  • the switching element is closed and the inductor is grounded when the inductor is deactivated.
  • the inductor is grounded only if at least one inductor adjacent to the grounded inductor is active.
  • FIG. 1 shows an induction hob with a plurality of inductors 10 and a control unit 18.
  • the inductors 10 are distributed in a regular two-dimensional grid over the entire surface of the induction hob.
  • the inductors 10 are covered by a cover plate 12 made of glass or glass ceramic, on which cookware elements 14, 16 as cooking pots or pans can be placed.
  • the control unit 18 In order to detect the cookware elements 14, 16, the control unit 18 generates low-voltage measuring currents which flow through the inductors 10 or the oscillators comprising the inductors 10.
  • a cookware element 14, 16 completely or partially covers one of the inductors 10, this affects the inductance of this inductor 10.
  • a degree of change in the inductance is related to the degree of coverage.
  • the eddy current losses in the bottom of the cookware elements 14, 16 also influence the damping of the resonant circuit.
  • the control unit 18 can therefore from the vibration characteristics of the resonant circuit, the presence and the degree of coverage of the respective inductor 10 through the cookware element Determine 14, 16 and also draw conclusions on the material properties of the cooking utensil 14, 16 and on the material properties of the bottom.
  • control unit 18 After detection of a cookware element 14, 16, the control unit 18 sums those inducers 10 which are covered with at least a certain degree of coverage from the bottom of the cookware element 14, 16 to a heating zone adapted in size, shape and position to the cookware element 14, 16 20, 22 together.
  • the induction hob comprises a user interface 26 with a plurality of control elements 28 and a display 24.
  • the heating zone 20, 22 determined in the manner described above is shown as a pictogram, depending on the shape of the cooking utensil 14, 16, for example as a circle, oval or rectangle on the display 24, so that the user has an overview of the active heating zones 20, 22.
  • the user can finally set a heating power for each of the heating zones 20, 22.
  • the user sets a performance level that can assume, for example, integer and half-integer values between 0 and 9.
  • the control unit 18 converts the power stage into a heating power and operates the inductors 10 so that in the inductors 10 of the respective heating zone 20, 22 a total of the desired heating power is generated.
  • control unit 18 connects the inductors 10 of the heating zone 20, 22 with one or more inverters 32 of two power electronics modules 44, 46 of the induction hob by actuating a switching arrangement 30.
  • the inverters 32 comprise unipolar semiconductor switches 34, which in the exemplary embodiment are formed as transistors 64, 66 with insulated-gate insulated-gate electrodes (IGBTs) (see also FIGS Fig. 2 ).
  • the semiconductor switches 34 arranged in a half-bridge configuration are each connected via a bus line 48, 50 (FIG. Fig. 2 ) is connected to a pole of a rectifier 36 of one of the power electronics assemblies 44, 46, which communicates via a filter circuit 38 with a phase 40, 42 of a household power network.
  • the two power electronics modules 44, 46 are fed by two phases 40, 42 of the three-phase network.
  • a damping capacitor 56, 58 is arranged in each case.
  • the heating current generated by the inverters 32 having a frequency which is approximately in the range of between 75 kHz and 100 kHz generates, in operation in the inductors 10, a rapidly changing magnetic field which causes eddy currents in the ferromagnetic bottom of the cookware element 14, 16.
  • the eddy currents eventually generate heat in this soil.
  • the frequency of the heating current is above a resonant frequency of the inductor 10, a resonant capacitor, not shown here, and the bottom of the cookware element 14, 16 comprehensive overall system. With increasing frequency, fewer and fewer white areas in the ferromagnetic bottom of the cookware element 14, 16 can follow the alternating magnetic field, so that the power dissipation and thus the heating power decreases.
  • the heat output coupled by the inductors 10 into the bottom of the cookware element 14, 16 can be adjusted by the control unit 18. Furthermore, the control unit 18, the inductors 10 on and off periodically to achieve a certain desired heating power in the time average.
  • FIG. 2 2 shows a circuit diagram for the connection of two rectifiers 36a, 36b, each with two inverters 32a, 32a ', 32b, 32b' and inductors 10a, 10b, wherein the switching arrangement 30 (FIG. Fig. 1 ) between the inverters 32a, 32a ', 32b, 32b' and the inductors 10a, 10b is not shown for reasons of clarity.
  • the switching arrangement 30 FIG. Fig. 1
  • groups of inductors 10a, 10b are respectively associated with one of the rectifiers 36a, 36b and are typically powered by this rectifier 36a, 36b.
  • the inductors 10a, 10b of both groups are distributed over the entire surface of the hob and arranged alternately, so that each inductor 10a, 10b in its immediate vicinity typically has a plurality of inductors 10a, 10b from the other group, respectively, due to the nested structure in FIG. 2 is shown. If one of the inductors 10b is operated or charged with the heating current, this induces Inductor 10b therefore always an alternating field in the adjacent inductors 10a of the other group.
  • FIG. 3 Figure 3 shows the bus line voltage in an inactive inductor 10a, 10b in an arrangement similar to the prior art when one of the inductors 10a is inactive and an adjacent inductor 10b is active.
  • the lower bold curve shows the output voltage of the active rectifier 36b and the upper dashed curve shows the voltage in the bus line 48 of the inactive rectifier 36a. It can be seen that charge accumulates in the bus line 48.
  • FIGS. 4a and 4b shown schematically.
  • an inactive inductor 10a with an inverter 32a, the current carrying lines being shown in bold and the directions of the currents being illustrated by arrows.
  • FIG. 4a shows a phase in which a positive voltage is induced in the inductor 10a. The induced current may flow through the upper diode 60 of the inverter 32a into the bus line 48 and accumulate in the snubber capacitor 56.
  • FIG. 4a shows a phase in which a negative voltage is induced in the inductor 10a, 10b.
  • the charge accumulated in the bus line 48 can not drain away, so that a cumulative charge accumulates in the bus line 48 or in the snubber capacitor 56 connected to this bus line.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of the grounding of an inactive inductor 10a.
  • the upper inductor 10b is operated by the first rectifier 36b and generates a magnetic field that is a voltage in the in FIG. 5 Inductor 10a shown below is induced.
  • the insulated gate transistors 64 of the inverter 32a associated with the lower inductor 10a would both be disabled in the inactive state of the inverter so that no current could flow through the transistors 64.
  • the control unit close the switching element 68 by switching the lower transistor 64 of the lower inverter 32a to ON, thereby grounding the inductor 10a, although the lower inductor 10a is deactivated.
  • the inductor 10a then forms a closed resonant circuit with the capacitor 72 connected in series with the inductor 10a, and the voltage induced in the inductor 10a can easily drain off. Since the diode 60 in the upper switching element 70 of the inverter 32a has a greater intrinsic resistance than the on-pass transistor 64 of the lower switching element 68, the current can not flow into the bus line 48.
  • FIG. 6 shows the bus line voltage in an inactive inductor 10a, 10b in an induction hob according to the invention.
  • the comparison to FIG. 3 shows that the voltage in the bus line 48 does not rise above the voltage generated by the rectifier, so that uncontrolled discharges of the bus line 48 and the snubber capacitor 56 can be avoided.
  • the control unit 18 is a universally programmable arithmetic unit into which a method for operating an induction cooktop with a plurality of inductors 10a, 10b is implemented.
  • the control unit 18 activates and deactivates inductors 10a, 10b of the induction hob and actuates by control signals by means of control lines (not shown here) various switching elements, in particular switching elements of the switching arrangement 30 and the inverters 32.

Abstract

The cooker has a control unit for activating and deactivating inductors (10a, 10b), and a switching element (68) for earthing one of the inductors. The control unit closes the switching element, and earths the inductors when the inductors are deactivated. The switching element is designed as a semiconductor switch having inverters (32a) that are connected with the inductors. The inductors are identically constructed and arranged on a two-dimensional grid. The switching element includes a transistor (64) and a diode (60) that is arranged parallel to the transistor. An independent claim is also included for a method for operating an induction cooker.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Induktionskochfeld mit mehreren Induktoren nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 und ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Induktionskochfelds nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 9.The invention relates to an induction hob with a plurality of inductors according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for operating an induction hob according to the preamble of claim 9.

Aus der EP 1 951 003 A1 ist ein Induktionskochfeld mit mehreren Induktoren und einer Steuereinheit zum Aktivieren und Deaktivieren der Induktoren bekannt. Ein Halbbrücken-Wechselrichter erzeugt einen Heizstrom zum Betreiben der Induktoren und umfasst zwei Halbleiter-Schaltelemente, die eine Verbindung zwischen einem der Induktoren und einem positiven Pol eines Gleichrichters bzw. einem Grundpotenzial herstellen und trennen können. Die beiden Halbleiter-Schaltelemente werden von der Steuereinheit mit der Frequenz des Heizstroms abwechselnd geöffnet und geschlossen. Eines der Halbleiter-Schaltelemente kann daher zum Erden von zumindest einen der Induktoren genutzt werden, was aber nur während der aktiven Phasen des Induktors geschieht, um die Wechselspannung zu erzeugen. Die Halbleiter-Schalter bestehen aus einem Transistor mit einer parallel angeordneten Freilaufdiode.From the EP 1 951 003 A1 For example, an induction hob with multiple inductors and a control unit for activating and deactivating the inductors is known. A half-bridge inverter generates a heating current for driving the inductors, and includes two semiconductor switching elements that can connect and disconnect a connection between one of the inductors and a positive pole of a rectifier or ground potential. The two semiconductor switching elements are alternately opened and closed by the control unit with the frequency of the heating current. One of the semiconductor switching elements can therefore be used for grounding at least one of the inductors, but this only happens during the active phases of the inductor in order to generate the alternating voltage. The semiconductor switches consist of a transistor with a parallel freewheeling diode.

Die Eingansleitungen der Halbbrücken-Wechselrichter bzw. die Ausgangsleitungen des Gleichrichters sind über einen Dämpfungs-Kondensator verbunden. Wenn beispielsweise durch den Betrieb eines benachbarten Induktors ein wechselndes Magnetfeld in einem inaktiven Induktor induziert wird, kann wird ein Strom induziert, der durch die Freilaufdiode in die mit dem positiven Pol des Gleichrichters verbundene Bus-Leitung des Wechselrichters fließen kann. Ein Abfluss der Ladung wird durch die Freilaufdiode verhindert, so dass sich die Ladung in dem Dämpfungskondensator sammeln kann. Dies kann zu einer unkontrollierten Entladung bei einer erneuten Aktivierung des Induktors führen. Diese unkontrollierte Entladung kann schließlich zu Schäden in elektronischen Komponenten des Induktionskochfelds führen.The input lines of the half-bridge inverters and the output lines of the rectifier are connected via a damping capacitor. For example, when an alternating magnetic field is induced in an inactive inductor by the operation of an adjacent inductor, a current may be induced to flow through the freewheeling diode into the bus line of the inverter connected to the positive pole of the rectifier. A discharge of the charge is prevented by the freewheeling diode, so that the charge can accumulate in the damping capacitor. This can lead to uncontrolled discharge upon reactivation of the inductor. This uncontrolled discharge can eventually lead to damage in electronic components of the induction hob.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht insbesondere darin, ein Induktionskochfeld bereitzustellen, in dem unkontrollierte Ladungsansammlungen in der Bus-Leitung vermieden werden können.The object of the invention is, in particular, to provide an induction hob, in which uncontrolled charge accumulations in the bus line can be avoided.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale der unabhängigen Patenansprüche gelöst, während vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung den Unteransprüchen entnommen werden können.The object is achieved by the features of the independent claims, while advantageous embodiments and modifications of the invention can be taken from the dependent claims.

Die Erfindung geht insbesondere aus von einem Induktionskochfeld mit mehreren Induktoren, einer Steuereinheit zum Aktivieren und Deaktivieren der Induktoren und einem Schaltelement zum Erden von zumindest einem der Induktoren.The invention is based in particular on an induction hob with a plurality of inductors, a control unit for activating and deactivating the inductors and a switching element for grounding at least one of the inductors.

Es wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Steuereinheit das Schaltelement schließt und den Induktor erdet, wenn der Induktor deaktiviert ist. Dadurch können eine Ladungsansammlung in der Bus-Leitung und unkontrollierte Entladungen vermieden werden, wodurch letztlich Schäden von elektronischen Bauteilen unwahrscheinlicher werden und die Lebensdauer des Induktionskochfelds erhöht werden kann.It is proposed that the control unit close the switching element and ground the inductor when the inductor is deactivated. As a result, charge accumulation in the bus line and uncontrolled discharges can be avoided, which ultimately damage of electronic components are unlikely and the life of the induction hob can be increased.

Ein separates Schaltelement kann vermieden werden, wenn das Schaltelement ein Halbleiterschalter eines mit dem Induktor verbundenen Wechselrichters ist, der insbesondere ein Transistor mit isolierter Gate-Elektrode sein kann.A separate switching element can be avoided if the switching element is a semiconductor switch of an inverter connected to the inductor, which may be in particular a transistor with insulated gate electrode.

Eine Wechselwirkung zwischen benachbarten Induktoren ist in so genannten Matrix-Induktionskochfeldern besonders stark, in denen die Induktoren baugleich sind und in einem zweidimensionalen Raster angeordnet sind. Daher kommen die Vorteile der Erfindung in solchen Induktionskochfeldem besonders zum Tragen.An interaction between adjacent inductors is particularly strong in so-called matrix induction cooktops, in which the inductors are identical in construction and arranged in a two-dimensional grid. Therefore, the advantages of the invention in such induction cooktops come particularly to bear.

Die Gefahr einer unkontrollierten Ladungsansammlung liegt insbesondere dann vor, wenn das Induktionskochfeld mehrere Leistungselektronik-Baugruppen mit jeweils wenigstens einem Gleichrichter und zumindest einem Wechselrichter umfasst, da dann einzelne Versorgungsleitungen inaktiv sein können, obwohl benachbarte Induktoren im Betrieb sind.The risk of uncontrolled accumulation of charge exists in particular when the induction hob comprises a plurality of power electronics modules, each with at least one rectifier and at least one inverter, since then individual supply lines can be inactive, although adjacent inductors are in operation.

Da das Schließen des Schaltelements das Anlegen einer Gate-Spannung und damit einen gewissen Stromverbrauch erfordert, kann ein unnötiger Aufwand vermieden werden, wenn die Steuereinheit das Schaltelement nur dann schließt und den Induktor erdet, wenn ein zu dem geerdeten Induktor benachbarter Induktor aktiv ist. Nur in diesem Fall besteht nämlich die Gefahr des Auftretens einer nennenswerten induzierten Spannung in dem inaktiven Induktor. Dies gilt insbesondere dann, wenn wenigstens ein zu dem geerdeten Induktor benachbarter Induktor einem anderen Gleichrichter und einem anderen Wechselrichter zugeordnet ist als der geerdete Induktor.Since the closing of the switching element requires the application of a gate voltage and thus a certain power consumption, an unnecessary expense can be avoided, when the control unit closes the switching element and grounds the inductor only when an inductor adjacent to the grounded inductor is active. Only in this case is there the danger of the occurrence of a significant induced voltage in the inactive inductor. This is especially true when at least one inductor adjacent to the grounded inductor is associated with a different rectifier and inverter than the grounded inductor.

Die Gefahr einer Ansammlung von Ladungen besteht insbesondere dann, wenn das Schaltelement einen Transistor und eine parallel zu dem Transistor angeordnete Diode umfasst. Bei der Verwendung eines MOSFET kann die Body-Diode in diesem Sinne wirken. Ein kostengünstiges Schaltelement kann durch einen IGBT-Transistor realisiert werden, in welchem der Transistor eine isolierte Gate-Elektrode hat.The risk of an accumulation of charges exists in particular when the switching element comprises a transistor and a diode arranged parallel to the transistor. When using a MOSFET, the body diode can act in this sense. An inexpensive switching element can be realized by an IGBT transistor in which the transistor has an insulated gate electrode.

Ein weiterer Aspekt der Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Induktionskochfelds mit mehreren Induktoren und einer Steuereinheit zum Aktivieren und Deaktivieren der Induktoren und einem Schaltelement zum Erden zumindest eines der Induktoren.A further aspect of the invention relates to a method for operating an induction hob with a plurality of inductors and a control unit for activating and deactivating the inductors and a switching element for grounding at least one of the inductors.

Zur Verbesserung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird vorgeschlagen, dass das Schaltelement geschlossen und der Induktor geerdet wird, wenn der Induktor deaktiviert ist. Dadurch kann, wie oben beschrieben, die Ansammlung von Ladung in der Versorgungsleitung eines Wechselrichters vermieden werden.To improve the method according to the invention, it is proposed that the switching element is closed and the inductor is grounded when the inductor is deactivated. Thereby, as described above, the accumulation of charge in the supply line of an inverter can be avoided.

In einer Weiterbildung des Verfahrens wird vorgeschlagen, dass der Induktor nur dann geerdet wird, wenn wenigstens ein zu dem geerdeten Induktor benachbarter Induktor aktiv ist.In a development of the method, it is proposed that the inductor is grounded only if at least one inductor adjacent to the grounded inductor is active.

Weitere Vorteile ergeben sich aus der folgenden Zeichnungsbeschreibung. In der Zeichnung sind Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung dargestellt. Die Zeichnung, die Beschreibung und die Ansprüche enthalten zahlreiche Merkmale in Kombination. Der Fachmann wird die Merkmale zweckmäßigerweise auch einzeln betrachten und zu sinnvollen weiteren Kombinationen zusammenfassen.Further advantages emerge from the following description of the drawing. In the drawings, embodiments of the invention are shown. The drawing, the description and the claims contain numerous features in combination. The person skilled in the art will expediently also consider the features individually and combine them into meaningful further combinations.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
ein Induktionskochfeld mit einer Vielzahl von Induktoren und ei- ner Steuereinheit in einer schematischen Darstellung,
Fig. 2
ein Schaltbild zur Verschaltung von zwei Gleichrichtern mit je- weils zwei Wechselrichtern und Induktoren,
Fig. 3
die Bus-Leitungs-Spannung in einem inaktiven Induktor nach dem Stand der Technik,
Fig. 4a und Fig. 4b
eine schematische Darstellung zur Aufladung der Bus- Leitung nach dem Stand der Technik,
Fig. 5
eine schematische Darstellung zur Erdung inaktiver Induktoren und
Fig. 6
die Bus-Leitungs-Spannung in einem inaktiven Induktor in einem erfindungsgemäßen Induktionskochfeld.
Show it:
Fig. 1
an induction hob with a plurality of inductors and a control unit in a schematic representation,
Fig. 2
a circuit diagram for the connection of two rectifiers, each with two inverters and inductors,
Fig. 3
the bus line voltage in an inactive inductor according to the prior art,
Fig. 4a and Fig. 4b
a schematic representation of the charging of the bus line according to the prior art,
Fig. 5
a schematic representation of the grounding of inactive inductors and
Fig. 6
the bus line voltage in an inactive inductor in an induction hob according to the invention.

Figur 1 zeigt ein Induktionskochfeld mit einer Vielzahl von Induktoren 10 und einer Steuereinheit 18. Die Induktoren 10 sind in einem regelmäßigen zweidimensionalen Raster über die gesamte Fläche des Induktionskochfelds verteilt. FIG. 1 shows an induction hob with a plurality of inductors 10 and a control unit 18. The inductors 10 are distributed in a regular two-dimensional grid over the entire surface of the induction hob.

Die Induktoren 10 sind von einer Abdeckplatte 12 aus Glas oder Glaskeramik bedeckt, auf welche Kochgeschirrelemente 14, 16 wie Kochtöpfe oder Pfannen aufgestellt werden können. Zum Detektieren der Kochgeschirrelemente 14, 16 erzeugt die Steuereinheit 18 niedervoltige Messströme, die die Induktoren 10 bzw. die Induktoren 10 umfassende Schwingkreise durchfließen. Wenn ein Kochgeschirrelement 14, 16 einen der Induktoren 10 ganz oder teilweise überdeckt, beeinflusst dies die Induktivität dieses Induktors 10. Dabei steht ein Grad der Veränderung der Induktivität in einem Zusammenhang mit dem Überdeckungsgrad. Ferner beeinflussen auch die Wirbelstromverluste in dem Boden dee Kochgeschirrelemente 14, 16 die Dämpfung des Schwingkreises. Die Steuereinheit 18 kann daher aus den Schwingungseigenschaften des Schwingkreises die Anwesenheit und den Überdeckungsgrad des betreffenden Induktors 10 durch das Kochgeschirrelement 14, 16 bestimmen und ferner Rückschlüsse auf Materialeigenschaften des Kochgeschirrelements 14, 16 bzw. auf Materialeigenschaften von dessen Boden ziehen.The inductors 10 are covered by a cover plate 12 made of glass or glass ceramic, on which cookware elements 14, 16 as cooking pots or pans can be placed. In order to detect the cookware elements 14, 16, the control unit 18 generates low-voltage measuring currents which flow through the inductors 10 or the oscillators comprising the inductors 10. When a cookware element 14, 16 completely or partially covers one of the inductors 10, this affects the inductance of this inductor 10. A degree of change in the inductance is related to the degree of coverage. Furthermore, the eddy current losses in the bottom of the cookware elements 14, 16 also influence the damping of the resonant circuit. The control unit 18 can therefore from the vibration characteristics of the resonant circuit, the presence and the degree of coverage of the respective inductor 10 through the cookware element Determine 14, 16 and also draw conclusions on the material properties of the cooking utensil 14, 16 and on the material properties of the bottom.

Nach der Detektion eines Kochgeschirrelements 14, 16 fasst die Steuereinheit 18 diejenigen Induktoren 10, die mit wenigstens einem bestimmten Überdeckungsgrad von dem Boden des Kochgeschirrelements 14, 16 überdeckt sind, zu einer in ihrer Größe, Form und Position an das Kochgeschirrelement 14, 16 angepassten Heizzone 20, 22 zusammen.After detection of a cookware element 14, 16, the control unit 18 sums those inducers 10 which are covered with at least a certain degree of coverage from the bottom of the cookware element 14, 16 to a heating zone adapted in size, shape and position to the cookware element 14, 16 20, 22 together.

Das Induktionskochfeld umfasst eine Benutzerschnittstelle 26 mit mehreren Stellelementen 28 und einem Display 24. Die in der oben beschriebenen Weise bestimmte Heizzone 20, 22 wird als Piktogramm, je nach der Form des Kochgeschirrelements 14, 16 beispielsweise als Kreis, Oval oder Rechteck, auf dem Display 24 dargestellt, so dass der Benutzer einen Überblick über die aktiven Heizzonen 20, 22 hat.The induction hob comprises a user interface 26 with a plurality of control elements 28 and a display 24. The heating zone 20, 22 determined in the manner described above is shown as a pictogram, depending on the shape of the cooking utensil 14, 16, for example as a circle, oval or rectangle on the display 24, so that the user has an overview of the active heating zones 20, 22.

Über die Stellelemente 28 der Benutzerschnittstelle 26 kann der Benutzer abschließend für jede der Heizzonen 20, 22 eine Heizleistung einstellen. Dazu stellt der Benutzer eine Leistungsstufe ein, die beispielsweise ganz- und halbzahlige Werte zwischen 0 und 9 annehmen kann. Die Steuereinheit 18 rechnet die Leistungsstufe in eine Heizleistung um und betreibt die Induktoren 10 so, dass in den Induktoren 10 der betreffenden Heizzone 20, 22 insgesamt die gewünschte Heizleistung erzeugt wird.By way of the adjusting elements 28 of the user interface 26, the user can finally set a heating power for each of the heating zones 20, 22. For this purpose, the user sets a performance level that can assume, for example, integer and half-integer values between 0 and 9. The control unit 18 converts the power stage into a heating power and operates the inductors 10 so that in the inductors 10 of the respective heating zone 20, 22 a total of the desired heating power is generated.

Dazu verbindet die Steuereinheit 18 durch das Betätigen einer Schaltanordnung 30 die Induktoren 10 der Heizzone 20, 22 mit einem oder mehreren Wechselrichtern 32 von zwei Leistungselektronikbaugruppen 44, 46 des Induktionskochfelds. Die Wechselrichter 32 umfassen unipolare Halbleiterschalter 34, die in dem Ausführungsbeispiel als Transistoren 64, 66 mit isolierter Gate-Elektrode (IGBT's) mit parallel geschalteter Diode 60, 62 ausgebildet sind (siehe auch Fig. 2).For this purpose, the control unit 18 connects the inductors 10 of the heating zone 20, 22 with one or more inverters 32 of two power electronics modules 44, 46 of the induction hob by actuating a switching arrangement 30. The inverters 32 comprise unipolar semiconductor switches 34, which in the exemplary embodiment are formed as transistors 64, 66 with insulated-gate insulated-gate electrodes (IGBTs) (see also FIGS Fig. 2 ).

Die in einer Halbbrücken-Konfiguration angeordneten Halbleiterschalter 34 sind jeweils über eine Bus-Leitung 48, 50 (Fig. 2) mit einem Pol eines Gleichrichters 36 einer der Leistungselektronikbaugruppen 44, 46 verbunden, der über einen Filterschaltkreis 38 mit einer Phase 40, 42 eines Haushaltsstromnetzes in Verbindung steht. Die beiden Leistungselektronikbaugruppen 44, 46 werden von zwei Phasen 40, 42 des Drehstromnetzes gespeist.The semiconductor switches 34 arranged in a half-bridge configuration are each connected via a bus line 48, 50 (FIG. Fig. 2 ) is connected to a pole of a rectifier 36 of one of the power electronics assemblies 44, 46, which communicates via a filter circuit 38 with a phase 40, 42 of a household power network. The two power electronics modules 44, 46 are fed by two phases 40, 42 of the three-phase network.

Am Ausgang der Gleichrichter 36 beider Leistungselektronikbaugruppen zwischen der Bus-Leitung 48, 50 und einer Erdung 52, 54 ist jeweils ein Dämpfungskondensator 56, 58 angeordnet.At the output of the rectifier 36 of both power electronics modules between the bus line 48, 50 and a ground 52, 54 a damping capacitor 56, 58 is arranged in each case.

Der von den Wechselrichtern 32 erzeugte Heizstrom mit einer Frequenz, die ungefähr im Bereich zwischen 75 kHz und 100 kHz liegt, erzeugt im Betrieb in den Induktoren 10 ein schnell wechselndes Magnetfeld, das Wirbelströme in dem ferromagnetischen Boden des Kochgeschirrelements 14, 16 verursacht. Die Wirbelströme erzeugen schließlich Wärme in diesem Boden. Die Frequenz des Heizstroms liegt oberhalb einer Resonanzfrequenz des den Induktor 10, einen hier nicht dargestellten Resonanzkondensator und den Boden des Kochgeschirrelements 14, 16 umfassenden Gesamtsystems. Mit zunehmender Frequenz können immer weniger Weiß'sche Bezirke in dem ferromagnetischen Boden des Kochgeschirrelements 14, 16 dem magnetischen Wechselfeld folgen, so dass die Leistungsdissipation und damit die Heizleistung abnimmt. Durch die Variation der Frequenz des Heizstroms kann daher die von den Induktoren 10 in den Boden des Kochgeschirrelements 14, 16 eingekoppelte Heizleistung von der Steuereinheit 18 eingestellt werden. Ferner kann die Steuereinheit 18 die Induktoren 10 periodisch ein- und ausschalten, um im zeitlichen Mittel eine bestimmte gewünschte Heizleistung zu erreichen.The heating current generated by the inverters 32 having a frequency which is approximately in the range of between 75 kHz and 100 kHz generates, in operation in the inductors 10, a rapidly changing magnetic field which causes eddy currents in the ferromagnetic bottom of the cookware element 14, 16. The eddy currents eventually generate heat in this soil. The frequency of the heating current is above a resonant frequency of the inductor 10, a resonant capacitor, not shown here, and the bottom of the cookware element 14, 16 comprehensive overall system. With increasing frequency, fewer and fewer white areas in the ferromagnetic bottom of the cookware element 14, 16 can follow the alternating magnetic field, so that the power dissipation and thus the heating power decreases. By varying the frequency of the heating current, therefore, the heat output coupled by the inductors 10 into the bottom of the cookware element 14, 16 can be adjusted by the control unit 18. Furthermore, the control unit 18, the inductors 10 on and off periodically to achieve a certain desired heating power in the time average.

Figur 2 zeigt ein Schaltbild zur Verschaltung von zwei Gleichrichtern 36a, 36b mit jeweils zwei Wechselrichtern 32a, 32a' ,32b, 32b' und Induktoren 10a, 10b, wobei die Schaltanordnung 30 (Fig. 1) zwischen den Wechselrichtern 32a, 32a' ,32b, 32b' und den Induktoren 10a, 10b aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit nicht dargestellt ist. In dem Induktionskochfeld sind Gruppen von Induktoren 10a, 10b jeweils einem der Gleichrichter 36a, 36b zugeordnet und werden in der Regel von diesem Gleichrichter 36a, 36b mit Strom versorgt. Die Induktoren 10a, 10b beider Gruppen sind über die gesamte Fläche des Kochfelds verteilt und abwechselnd angeordnet, so dass jeder Induktor 10a, 10b in seiner unmittelbaren Nachbarschaft in der Regel mehrere Induktoren 10a, 10b aus der jeweils anderen Gruppe hat, was durch die verschachtelte Struktur in Figur 2 dargestellt ist. Wird einer der Induktoren 10b betrieben bzw. mit dem Heizstrom beaufschlagt, induziert dieser Induktor 10b daher stets ein Wechselfeld in den benachbarten Induktoren 10a der anderen Gruppe. FIG. 2 2 shows a circuit diagram for the connection of two rectifiers 36a, 36b, each with two inverters 32a, 32a ', 32b, 32b' and inductors 10a, 10b, wherein the switching arrangement 30 (FIG. Fig. 1 ) between the inverters 32a, 32a ', 32b, 32b' and the inductors 10a, 10b is not shown for reasons of clarity. In the induction hob, groups of inductors 10a, 10b are respectively associated with one of the rectifiers 36a, 36b and are typically powered by this rectifier 36a, 36b. The inductors 10a, 10b of both groups are distributed over the entire surface of the hob and arranged alternately, so that each inductor 10a, 10b in its immediate vicinity typically has a plurality of inductors 10a, 10b from the other group, respectively, due to the nested structure in FIG. 2 is shown. If one of the inductors 10b is operated or charged with the heating current, this induces Inductor 10b therefore always an alternating field in the adjacent inductors 10a of the other group.

Figur 3 zeigt die Bus-Leitungs-Spannung in einem inaktiven Induktor 10a, 10b in einer Anordnung ähnlich nach dem Stand der Technik, wenn einer der Induktoren 10a inaktiv und ein benachbarter Induktor 10b aktiv ist. Die untere, fette Kurve zeigt die Ausgangsspannung des aktiven Gleichrichters 36b und die obere, gestrichtelte Kurve zeigt die Spannung in der Bus-Leitung 48 des inaktiven Gleichrichters 36a. Es ist erkennbar, dass sich Ladung in der Bus-Leitung 48 ansammelt. FIG. 3 Figure 3 shows the bus line voltage in an inactive inductor 10a, 10b in an arrangement similar to the prior art when one of the inductors 10a is inactive and an adjacent inductor 10b is active. The lower bold curve shows the output voltage of the active rectifier 36b and the upper dashed curve shows the voltage in the bus line 48 of the inactive rectifier 36a. It can be seen that charge accumulates in the bus line 48.

Der Grund für diese Ladungsansammlung ist in den Figuren 4a und Figur 4b schematisch dargestellt. Es ist ein inaktiver Induktor 10a mit einem Wechselrichter 32a dargestellt, wobei die Strom führenden Leitungen fett gezeichnet sind und die Richtungen der Ströme durch Pfeile illustriert sind. Figur 4a zeigt eine Phase, in der eine positive Spannung in dem Induktor 10a induziert wird. Der induzierte Strom kann durch die obere Diode 60 des Wechselrichters 32a in die Bus-Leitung 48 abfließen und sich im Dämpfungskondensator 56 sammeln.The reason for this charge accumulation is in the FIGS. 4a and 4b shown schematically. There is shown an inactive inductor 10a with an inverter 32a, the current carrying lines being shown in bold and the directions of the currents being illustrated by arrows. FIG. 4a shows a phase in which a positive voltage is induced in the inductor 10a. The induced current may flow through the upper diode 60 of the inverter 32a into the bus line 48 and accumulate in the snubber capacitor 56.

Figur 4a zeigt eine Phase, in der eine negative Spannung in dem Induktor 10a, 10b induziert wird. Die in der Bus-Leitung 48 akkumulierte Ladung kann nicht abfließen, so dass sich insgesamt eine wachsende Ladung in der Bus-Leitung 48 bzw. in dem mit dieser Bus-Leitung verbundenen Dämpfungskondensator 56 ansammelt. FIG. 4a shows a phase in which a negative voltage is induced in the inductor 10a, 10b. The charge accumulated in the bus line 48 can not drain away, so that a cumulative charge accumulates in the bus line 48 or in the snubber capacitor 56 connected to this bus line.

Figur 5 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung zur Erdung eines inaktiven Induktors 10a. Der obere Induktor 10b wird von dem ersten Gleichrichter 36b betrieben und erzeugt ein Magnetfeld, das eine Spannung in dem in Figur 5 unten dargstellten Induktor 10a induziert. FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of the grounding of an inactive inductor 10a. The upper inductor 10b is operated by the first rectifier 36b and generates a magnetic field that is a voltage in the in FIG. 5 Inductor 10a shown below is induced.

Nach dem Stand der Technik wären die Transistoren 64 mit isolierter Gate-Elektrode des dem unteren Induktor 10a zugeordneten Wechselrichters 32a im inaktiven Zustand des Wechselrichters beide auf Sperrung geschaltet, so dass kein Strom durch die Transistoren 64 fließen kann.In the prior art, the insulated gate transistors 64 of the inverter 32a associated with the lower inductor 10a would both be disabled in the inactive state of the inverter so that no current could flow through the transistors 64.

Nach der Erfindung wird jedoch vorgeschlagen, dass die Steuereinheit das Schaltelement 68 schließt, indem es den unteren Transistor 64 des unteren Wechselrichters 32a auf Durchlass ("ON") schaltet und so den Induktor 10a erdet, obwohl der untere Induktor 10a deaktiviert ist. Der Induktor 10a bildet dann mit dem Kondensator 72, der mit dem Induktor 10a in Reihe geschaltet ist, einen geschlossenen Schwingkreis und die in dem Induktor 10a induzierte Spannung kann ohne weiteres abfließen. Da die Diode 60 in dem oberen Schaltelement 70 des Wechselrichters 32a einen größeren intrinsischen Widerstandswert hat als der auf Durchlass geschaltete Transistor 64 des unteren Schaltelements 68, kann der Strom nicht in die Bus-Leitung 48 fließen.According to the invention, however, it is proposed that the control unit close the switching element 68 by switching the lower transistor 64 of the lower inverter 32a to ON, thereby grounding the inductor 10a, although the lower inductor 10a is deactivated. The inductor 10a then forms a closed resonant circuit with the capacitor 72 connected in series with the inductor 10a, and the voltage induced in the inductor 10a can easily drain off. Since the diode 60 in the upper switching element 70 of the inverter 32a has a greater intrinsic resistance than the on-pass transistor 64 of the lower switching element 68, the current can not flow into the bus line 48.

Figur 6 zeigt die Bus-Leitungs-Spannung in einem inaktiven Induktor 10a, 10b in einem erfindungsgemäßen Induktionskochfeld. Der Vergleich zu Figur 3 zeigt, dass die Spannung in der Bus-Leitung 48 nicht über die vom Gleichrichter erzeugte Spannung hinaus steigt, so dass auch unkontrollierte Entladungen der Bus-Leitung 48 bzw. des Dämpfungskondensators 56 vermieden werden können. FIG. 6 shows the bus line voltage in an inactive inductor 10a, 10b in an induction hob according to the invention. The comparison to FIG. 3 shows that the voltage in the bus line 48 does not rise above the voltage generated by the rectifier, so that uncontrolled discharges of the bus line 48 and the snubber capacitor 56 can be avoided.

Die Steuereinheit 18 ist eine universell programmierbare Recheneinheit, in die ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Induktionskochfelds mit mehreren Induktoren 10a, 10b implementiert ist. Die Steuereinheit 18 aktiviert und deaktiviert Induktoren 10a, 10b des Induktionskochfelds und betätigt durch Steuersignale mittels hier nicht dargestellter Steuerleitungen verschiedene Schaltelemente, insbesondere Schaltelemente der Schaltanordnung 30 und der Wechselrichter 32.The control unit 18 is a universally programmable arithmetic unit into which a method for operating an induction cooktop with a plurality of inductors 10a, 10b is implemented. The control unit 18 activates and deactivates inductors 10a, 10b of the induction hob and actuates by control signals by means of control lines (not shown here) various switching elements, in particular switching elements of the switching arrangement 30 and the inverters 32.

Bezugszeichenreference numeral

1010
Induktorinductor
10a10a
Induktorinductor
10b10b
Induktorinductor
1212
Abdeckplattecover
1414
KochgeschirrelementCookware element
1616
KochgeschirrelementCookware element
1818
Steuereinheitcontrol unit
2020
Heizzoneheating zone
2222
Heizzoneheating zone
2424
Displaydisplay
2626
BenutzerschnittstelleUser interface
2828
Stellelementactuator
3030
Schaltanordnungswitching arrangement
3232
Wechselrichterinverter
32a32a
Wechselrichterinverter
32a'32a '
Wechselrichterinverter
32b32b
Wechselrichterinverter
32b'32b '
Wechselrichterinverter
3434
HalbleiterschalterSemiconductor switches
3636
Gleichrichterrectifier
36a36a
Gleichrichterrectifier
36b36b
Gleichrichterrectifier
3838
FilterschaltkreisFilter circuit
4040
Phasephase
4242
Phasephase
4444
Leistungselektronik-BaugruppePower electronics module
4646
Leistungselektronik-BaugruppePower electronics module
4848
Bus-LeitungBus line
5050
Bus-LeitungBus line
5252
Erdunggrounding
5454
Erdunggrounding
5656
Dämpfungskondensatorsnubber capacitor
5858
Dämpfungskondensatorsnubber capacitor
6060
Diodediode
6262
Diodediode
6464
Transistortransistor
6666
Transistortransistor
6868
Schaltelementswitching element
7070
Schaltelementswitching element

Claims (10)

  1. Induction cooker hob with a plurality of inductors (10, 10a, 10b) and a control unit (18) for activating and deactivating the inductors (10, 10a, 10b) and a switching element (68) for earthing at least one of the inductors (10, 10, 10b), characterised in that the control unit (18) closes the switching element (68) and earths the inductor (10, 10a, 10b) when the inductor (10, 10a, 10b) is deactivated.
  2. Induction cooker hob according to claim 1, characterised in that the switching element(68) is a semiconductor switch of an inverter (32, 32a, 32b) connected with the inductor (10, 10a, 10b).
  3. Induction cooker hob according one of the preceding claims, characterised in that inductors (10, 10a, 10b) are constructionally identical and arranged in a two-dimensional grid.
  4. Inductor cooker hob according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised by a plurality of electronic power subassemblies (44, 46) each with at least one rectifier (36, 36a, 36b) and at least one inverter (32, 32a, 32b).
  5. Inductor cooker hob according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the control unit (18) closes the switching element (68) and earths the inductor (10, 10a, 10b) only when an inductor (10, 10a, 10b) adjacent to the earthed inductor (10, 10a, 10b) is active.
  6. Inductor cooker hob according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least one inductor (10, 10a, 10b) adjacent to the earthed inductor (10, 10a, 10b) is associated with a rectifier and an inverter (32, 32a, 32b) respectively different from those of the earthed inductor (10, 10a, 10b).
  7. Inductor cooker hob according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the switching element (68) comprises a transistor (64) and a diode (60) which is arranged parallel to the transistor (64).
  8. Induction cooker hob according to claim 6, characterised in that the transistor (64, 66) has an insulated gate electrode.
  9. Method of operating an induction cooker hob with a plurality of inductors (10, 10a, 10b) and a control unit (18) for activating and deactivating the inductors (10, 10a, 10b) and a switching element (68) for earthing at least one the inductors (10, 10a, 10b), characterised in that the switching element (68) is closed and the inductor (10, 10a, 10b) earthed when the inductor (10, 10a, 10b) is deactivated.
  10. Method according to claim 9, characterised in that the inductor (10, 10a, 10b) is earthed only when at least one inductor (10, 10a, 10b) adjacent to the earthed inductor (10, 10a, 10b) is active.
EP10151166A 2009-01-28 2010-01-20 Induction hob with multiple inductors Active EP2214454B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES200900349A ES2358819B1 (en) 2009-01-28 2009-01-28 INDUCTION COOKING FIELD WITH VARIOUS INDUCERS.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2214454A1 EP2214454A1 (en) 2010-08-04
EP2214454B1 true EP2214454B1 (en) 2011-10-05

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10151166A Active EP2214454B1 (en) 2009-01-28 2010-01-20 Induction hob with multiple inductors

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EP (1) EP2214454B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE527858T1 (en)
ES (2) ES2358819B1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2966691B1 (en) * 2010-10-21 2016-12-30 Fagorbrandt Sas METHOD FOR CONTROLLING PERIODIC CONTROL SIGNALS, IN PARTICULAR FOR AN INDUCTION COOKTABLE.
ES2432235B1 (en) * 2012-05-30 2014-11-04 Bsh Electrodomésticos España, S.A. Induction heating device

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3712242A1 (en) * 1987-04-10 1988-10-27 Thomson Brandt Gmbh CIRCUIT FOR POWERING AN INDUCTIVE COOKING POINT
DE102005038525A1 (en) * 2005-08-02 2007-03-08 E.G.O. Elektro-Gerätebau GmbH Induction cooking arrangement, has control device generating control signals for respective transistors and formed such that phase displacement between signal pairs is adjusted based on adjusted thermal output of coil
ES2310089B1 (en) * 2006-05-18 2009-08-27 Bsh Electrodomesticos España, S.A. KITCHEN PLATE UNIT.
EP1951003B2 (en) 2007-01-23 2022-11-16 Whirlpool Corporation Control method for induction cooking hob and induction cooking hob adapted to carry out such method

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EP2214454A1 (en) 2010-08-04
ATE527858T1 (en) 2011-10-15
ES2358819B1 (en) 2012-04-02
ES2358819A1 (en) 2011-05-16
ES2374872T3 (en) 2012-02-22

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