EP2210455B1 - Electrode for a plasma burner - Google Patents

Electrode for a plasma burner Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2210455B1
EP2210455B1 EP09804234.4A EP09804234A EP2210455B1 EP 2210455 B1 EP2210455 B1 EP 2210455B1 EP 09804234 A EP09804234 A EP 09804234A EP 2210455 B1 EP2210455 B1 EP 2210455B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
emission
electrode holder
holder
insert
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EP09804234.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2210455A2 (en
Inventor
Katrin Jehnert
Martin Kroschwald
Frank Laurisch
Ralf-Peter Reinke
Thomas Steudtner
Volker Krink
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Kjellberg Finsterwalde Plasma und Maschinen GmbH
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Kjellberg Finsterwalde Plasma und Maschinen GmbH
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Priority to PL09804234T priority Critical patent/PL2210455T3/en
Priority to SI200930863T priority patent/SI2210455T1/en
Publication of EP2210455A2 publication Critical patent/EP2210455A2/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3436—Hollow cathodes with internal coolant flow
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3478—Geometrical details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3442—Cathodes with inserted tip

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrode for a plasma torch and a plasma torch head with the same.
  • Plasma is a thermally highly heated electrically conductive gas, which consists of positive and negative ions, electrons and excited and neutral atoms and molecules.
  • the plasma gas used is a variety of gases, for example the monatomic argon and / or the diatomic gases hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen or air. These gases ionize and dissociate through the energy of an arc. The narrowed by a nozzle arc is then referred to as plasma jet.
  • the plasma jet can be greatly influenced in its parameters by the design of the nozzle and electrode. These parameters of the plasma jet are, for example, the beam diameter, the temperature, the energy density and the flow velocity of the gas.
  • the plasma is constricted through a nozzle, which may be gas or water cooled.
  • a nozzle which may be gas or water cooled.
  • energy densities up to 2 ⁇ 10 6 W / cm 2 can be achieved.
  • temperatures up to 30,000 ° C in combination realize very high cutting speeds of materials with the high flow velocity of the gas.
  • the nozzle is then inserted into a plasma torch whose main components are a plasma torch head, a nozzle cap, a plasma gas guide member, a nozzle, a nozzle holder, an electrode holder, an electrode holder with electrode insert and in modern plasma torches a nozzle cap holder and a nozzle cap.
  • the electrode holder fixes a pointed electrode insert, called emission insert, made of tungsten, which is suitable for the use of non-oxidizing gases as plasma gas, for example an argon-hydrogen mixture.
  • a so-called flat electrode whose electrode insert consists for example of hafnium is also suitable for the use of oxidizing gases as plasma gas, for example air or oxygen.
  • the nozzle and the electrode is often cooled with a liquid, for example water, but it can also be cooled with a gas.
  • the electrode consists of its electrode holder, which consists of a good electrically and heat conductive material, e.g. Copper and silver or their alloys and an emissive insert made of a temperature-resistant material, eg. As tungsten, zirconium or hafnium.
  • a good electrically and heat conductive material e.g. Copper and silver or their alloys
  • an emissive insert made of a temperature-resistant material, eg. As tungsten, zirconium or hafnium.
  • hafnium is better suited because its oxide is more temperature-stable.
  • the high-temperature material is introduced as an emission insert in the socket, which is then cooled.
  • the most effective way of cooling is liquid cooling.
  • the cathode for oxidizing gases is described.
  • the cathode (emission insert) consists of a material, eg zirconium, whose oxide is temperature-resistant and which is inserted into a cathode made of copper.
  • the cathode socket is cooled from the inside by a cooling water channel. Furthermore, the problem of a short life (life) of the cathode is described, which is generated by the rotation of the plasma gas, which is necessary for a good quality of cut.
  • the cathode socket has a collar around which a gas guide ring is arranged, which has incorporated for the division of the plasma gas in a partial flow and a main flow of gas ducts which form the main flow on the side facing the nozzle and set it in rotation and those facing on the cathode socket Form side of the oppositely rotating partial flow or that the collar of the cathode socket has recesses, which serve the formation and deflection of a partial gas flow.
  • This is intended to create a soothed gas zone prior to emissive use to reduce its wear.
  • this method does not achieve as high cutting qualities as with strongly rotating plasma gas.
  • the separator consists mainly of silver and the electrode holder mainly of copper. The silver ensures a longer life, especially when cutting with pure oxygen, since silver reacts with oxygen in reacting way than copper. However, the production of these electrode arrangements is expensive.
  • the emissive surface of the emissive insert is initially shaped to define a recess in the emissive insert that has an initial depth in the central axis that is proportional to the cutting current and diameter of the emissive insert. This recess reduces the deposition of emission material on the nozzle inner surface caused by the ignition and operation of the plasma arc. Investigations have shown, however, that the life is not prolonged.
  • the US 5 083 005 A discloses an electrode for a plasma torch in a new state, comprising an elongated electrode holder having a front surface on the electrode tip and a bore disposed in the electrode tip along a central axis through the electrode holder, and an emissive insert disposed in the bore such that an emission surface from the emission insert is enclosed.
  • a cylindrical cavity is formed and in the flat and horizontal bottom of the cavity, a cylindrical blind bore is formed, in which the emissive insert is located.
  • the emissive surface of the emissive insert is at the same height as the bottom of the cavity or even protrudes beyond it.
  • the invention has for its object to increase the life of an electrode, in particular the emission of use, for a plasma torch while reducing the manufacturing cost.
  • an electrode for a plasma torch comprising: an elongated electrode holder having a front surface on the electrode tip and a bore disposed in the electrode tip along a central axis through the electrode holder, and an emissive insert disposed in the bore in that an emission surface is exposed from the emission insert, the emission surface receding from the front surface of the electrode holder and having a center surface and a peripheral surface, and the distance a between the center surface of the emission insert and the front surface of the electrode holder is larger than the distance b between the peripheral surface of the emissive insert and the front surface of the electrode holder.
  • the invention is based on the surprising finding that the life of the electrode is increased by repositioning the emission surface with respect to the front surface of the electrode holder.
  • Fig. 1 shows a plasma burner head 1 according to a particular embodiment of the invention
  • the essential components are at least one nozzle 4, an electrode 7, more specifically a flat electrode having an electrode holder 7.5 with an external thread 7.4 and an emissive insert 7.1, and a gas guide 3.
  • the nozzle 4 is fixed by a nozzle holder 5 and a nozzle cap 2.
  • An electrode holder 6 receives the electrode holder 7.5 via an internal thread 6.4.
  • the gas guide 3 is located between the electrode 7 and the nozzle 4 and sets a plasma gas PG in rotation.
  • the plasma burner head 1 has a water cooling, which flows through the electrode interior with the aid of a cooling tube 10 from the coolant flow (WV1) to the coolant return (WR1) and the nozzle 4 in the space between the nozzle 4 and the nozzle cap 2 from the coolant flow WV2 to the coolant return WR2.
  • the plasma burner head 1 has a nozzle protection cap 9, which is screwed onto a nozzle protection cap holder 8 in this exemplary embodiment. Between the nozzle cap 9 and the nozzle cap 2, the secondary gas flows, which protects the nozzle, in particular the nozzle tip.
  • Fig. 2 shows the improved centering and sealing of the electrode 7 to the electrode holder 7.5.
  • the electrode 7 has on the side facing the electrode holder 6, the external thread 7.4, a groove 7.3 for receiving a round ring 7.2 and a cylindrical Outer surface 7.6 (centering surface).
  • This cylindrical outer surface 7.6 is closely tolerated with the cylindrical inner surface 6.6 (centering surface) of the electrode holder 6. This is achieved, for example, by means of a clearance fit H7 / h6 in accordance with DIN ISO 286 which is customary for centering.
  • Fig. 3 shows an electrode 7 before introducing the emissive insert 7.1 into the electrode holder 7.5.
  • the Fig. 4 to 10 show specific embodiments of the electrode 7 according to the invention, which has an electrode holder 7.5 and an emissive insert 7.1.
  • the angle ⁇ in the surface of the emission insert 7.1 is advantageously in the range of 0 ° ... 120 °.
  • the angle ⁇ of the emission insert 7.1 is in the range of 10 ° to 90 °, the angle ⁇ of the bore in the electrode holder 7.5 in the range of 80 ° to 160 °, where ⁇ > ⁇ .
  • Fig. 11 shows different surface shapes of the emission insert 7.1.
  • the surface area A2 of the electrode holder 7.5 adjacent surface of the emissive insert 7.1 is at least as large as the resulting in a circular formation depending on the diameter c2 minimal possible surface area A2 of the annulus.
  • Between the peripheral surface 7.12 and the central surface 7.11 may be provided with an area A3 A3, for example, an oblique transition surface.
  • the outer contours of the surfaces 7.11 and 7.13 for example, triangular, polygonal or star-shaped or similar. be.

Abstract

An electrode for a plasma torch and a plasma torch head comprise an elongated electrode holder with a front surface on the electrode tip and a hole arranged in the electrode tip along a central axis through the electrode holder, and an emission insert arranged iii the hole such that an emission surface of the emission insert is exposed. The emission surface is set back relative to the front surface of the electrode holder. An electrode for a plasma torch and a plasma torch head also comprise an electrode socket and an electrode holder, the electrode socket having an internal thread, and the electrode holder having an external thread and an O-ring in a groove in the cylindrical outer surface. The electrode holder is screwed together with the electrode socket via the external thread and the internal thread and sealed by means of the O-ring.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Elektrode für einen Plasmabrenner und einen Plasmabrennerkopf mit derselben.The present invention relates to an electrode for a plasma torch and a plasma torch head with the same.

Als Plasma wird ein thermisch hoch aufgeheiztes elektrisch leitfähiges Gas bezeichnet, das aus positiven und negativen Ionen, Elektronen sowie angeregten und neutralen Atomen und Molekülen besteht.Plasma is a thermally highly heated electrically conductive gas, which consists of positive and negative ions, electrons and excited and neutral atoms and molecules.

Als Plasmagas werden unterschiedliche Gase, zum Beispiel das einatomige Argon und/oder die zweiatomigen Gase Wasserstoff, Stickstoff, Sauerstoff oder Luft eingesetzt. Diese Gase ionisieren und dissoziieren durch die Energie eines Lichtbogens. Der durch eine Düse eingeschnürte Lichtbogen wird dann als Plasmastrahl bezeichnet.The plasma gas used is a variety of gases, for example the monatomic argon and / or the diatomic gases hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen or air. These gases ionize and dissociate through the energy of an arc. The narrowed by a nozzle arc is then referred to as plasma jet.

Der Plasmastrahl kann in seinen Parametern durch die Gestaltung der Düse und Elektrode stark beeinflußt werden. Diese Parameter des Plasmastrahls sind zum Beispiel der Strahldurchmesser, die Temperatur, Energiedichte und die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des Gases.The plasma jet can be greatly influenced in its parameters by the design of the nozzle and electrode. These parameters of the plasma jet are, for example, the beam diameter, the temperature, the energy density and the flow velocity of the gas.

Beim Plasmaschneiden beispielsweise wird das Plasma durch eine Düse, die gas- oder wassergekühlt sein kann, eingeschnürt. Dadurch können Energiedichten bis 2×106 W/cm2 erreicht werden. Im Plasmastrahl entstehen Temperaturen bis 30.000 °C, die in Verbindung mit der hohen Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des Gases sehr hohe Schneidgeschwindigkeiten an Werkstoffen realisieren.In plasma cutting, for example, the plasma is constricted through a nozzle, which may be gas or water cooled. As a result, energy densities up to 2 × 10 6 W / cm 2 can be achieved. In the plasma jet arise temperatures up to 30,000 ° C, in combination realize very high cutting speeds of materials with the high flow velocity of the gas.

Wegen der hohen thermischen Belastung der Düse wird diese in der Regel aus einem metallischen Werkstoff, vorzugsweise wegen seiner hohen elektrischen Leitfähigkeit und Wärmeleitfähigkeit aus Kupfer, hergestellt. Gleiches gilt für den Elektrodenhalter, der aber auch aus Silber hergestellt sein kann. Die Düse wird dann in einen Plasmabrenner, dessen Hauptbestandteile ein Plasmabrennerkopf, eine Düsenkappe, ein Plasmagasführungsteil, eine Düse, eine Düsenhalterung, eine Elektrodenaufnahme, ein Elektrodenhalter mit Elektrodeneinsatz und bei modernen Plasmabrennern eine Düsenschutzkappenhalterung und eine Düsenschutzkappe sind, eingesetzt. Der Elektrodenhalter fixiert einen spitzen Elektrodeneinsatz, Emissionseinsatz genannt, aus Wolfram, der für den Einsatz nicht oxidierender Gase als Plasmagas, zum Beispiel ein Argon-Wasserstoff-Gemisch geeignet ist. Eine sogenannte Flachelektrode, deren Elektrodeneinsatz beispielsweise aus Hafnium besteht, ist auch für den Einsatz oxidierender Gase als Plasmagas, zum Beispiel Luft oder Sauerstoff, geeignet.Because of the high thermal load of the nozzle, this is usually made of a metallic material, preferably because of its high electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity of copper. The same applies to the electrode holder, which can also be made of silver. The nozzle is then inserted into a plasma torch whose main components are a plasma torch head, a nozzle cap, a plasma gas guide member, a nozzle, a nozzle holder, an electrode holder, an electrode holder with electrode insert and in modern plasma torches a nozzle cap holder and a nozzle cap. The electrode holder fixes a pointed electrode insert, called emission insert, made of tungsten, which is suitable for the use of non-oxidizing gases as plasma gas, for example an argon-hydrogen mixture. A so-called flat electrode whose electrode insert consists for example of hafnium is also suitable for the use of oxidizing gases as plasma gas, for example air or oxygen.

Um eine hohe Lebensdauer für die Düse und die Elektrode zu erreichen, wird oft mit einer Flüssigkeit, zum Beispiel Wasser, gekühlt, es kann aber auch mit einem Gas gekühlt werden.To achieve a long service life for the nozzle and the electrode is often cooled with a liquid, for example water, but it can also be cooled with a gas.

Insofern wird in flüssigkeitsgekühlte und gasgekühlte Plasmabrenner unterschieden.In this respect, a distinction is made in liquid-cooled and gas-cooled plasma torches.

Nach dem Stand der Technik besteht die Elektrode aus seinem Elektrodenhalter, der aus einem gut elektrisch und Wärme leitendem Material, z.B. Kupfer und Silber oder deren Legierungen und einem Emissionseinsatz, die aus einem temperaturfesten Werkstoff, z. B. Wolfram, Zirkonium oder Hafnium besteht. Für sauerstoffhaltige Plasmagase kann Zirkonium eingesetzt werden, wegen seiner besseren thermischen Eigenschaften ist allerdings Hafnium besser geeignet, da dessen Oxid temperaturbeständiger ist.According to the prior art, the electrode consists of its electrode holder, which consists of a good electrically and heat conductive material, e.g. Copper and silver or their alloys and an emissive insert made of a temperature-resistant material, eg. As tungsten, zirconium or hafnium. For oxygen-containing plasma gases zirconium can be used, but because of its better thermal properties, hafnium is better suited because its oxide is more temperature-stable.

Um eine hohe Lebensdauer der Elektrode zu erreichen, wird der Hochtemperaturwerkstoff als Emissionseinsatz in die Fassung eingebracht, die dann gekühlt wird. Die effektivste Art der Kühlung ist die Flüssigkeitskühlung.In order to achieve a long service life of the electrode, the high-temperature material is introduced as an emission insert in the socket, which is then cooled. The most effective way of cooling is liquid cooling.

In DD 87361 ist eine solche Elektrode (Katode) für oxidierende Gase beschrieben. Die Katode (Emissionseinsatz) besteht aus einem Material, z.B. Zirkonium, dessen Oxid temperaturbeständig ist und die in eine aus Kupfer bestehende Katodenfassung eingesetzt wird. Die Katodenfassung wird von innen durch einen Kühlwasserkanal gekühlt. Weiterhin wird das Problem einer geringen Standzeit (Lebensdauer) der Katode beschrieben, die durch die Rotation des Plasmagases, die für eine gute Schnittqualität notwendig ist, erzeugt wird. Die Katodenfassung besitzt einen Bund, um den ein Gasführungsring angeordnet ist, der zur Aufteilung des Plasmagases in einen Teilstrom und einen Hauptstrom eingearbeitete Gaskanäle aufweist, die auf der der Düse zugewandten Seite den Hauptstrom bilden und ihn in Rotation versetzen und die auf der der Katodenfassung zugewandten Seite den entgegengesetzt rotierenden Teilstrom bilden oder dass der Bund der Katodenfassung Aussparungen aufweist, die der Bildung und Umlenkung eines Teilgasstromes dienen. Damit soll eine beruhigte Gaszone vor dem Emissionseinsatz erzeugt werden, um seinen Verschleiß zu reduzieren. Mit diesem Verfahren werden jedoch nicht so hohe Schnittqualitäten erreicht wie bei stark rotierendem Plasmagas.In DD 87361 Such an electrode (cathode) for oxidizing gases is described. The cathode (emission insert) consists of a material, eg zirconium, whose oxide is temperature-resistant and which is inserted into a cathode made of copper. The cathode socket is cooled from the inside by a cooling water channel. Furthermore, the problem of a short life (life) of the cathode is described, which is generated by the rotation of the plasma gas, which is necessary for a good quality of cut. The cathode socket has a collar around which a gas guide ring is arranged, which has incorporated for the division of the plasma gas in a partial flow and a main flow of gas ducts which form the main flow on the side facing the nozzle and set it in rotation and those facing on the cathode socket Form side of the oppositely rotating partial flow or that the collar of the cathode socket has recesses, which serve the formation and deflection of a partial gas flow. This is intended to create a soothed gas zone prior to emissive use to reduce its wear. However, this method does not achieve as high cutting qualities as with strongly rotating plasma gas.

Weiterhin werden in DE 690 14 289 T3 und in DE 699 37 323 T2 Elektrodenanordnungen beschrieben, bei den um den Emissionseinsatz eine Hülse (Separator) angebracht ist, die den Emissionseinsatz vom Elektrodenhalter trennt. Dabei besteht der Separator vorwiegend aus Silber und der Elektrodenhalter vorwiegend aus Kupfer. Das Silber sichert eine längere Lebensdauer insbesondere beim Schneiden mit reinem Sauerstoff, da Silber reaktionsträger mit Sauerstoff reagiert als Kupfer. Die Fertigung dieser Elektrodenanordnungen ist jedoch aufwendig.Continue to be in DE 690 14 289 T3 and in DE 699 37 323 T2 Electrode arrangements described in which a sleeve (separator) is mounted around the emission insert, which separates the emission insert from the electrode holder. The separator consists mainly of silver and the electrode holder mainly of copper. The silver ensures a longer life, especially when cutting with pure oxygen, since silver reacts with oxygen in reacting way than copper. However, the production of these electrode arrangements is expensive.

Aus DE 695 12 247 T2 ist bekannt, dass die Emissionsfläche des Emissionseinsatzes anfänglich so geformt ist, dass sie eine Aussparung im Emissionseinsatz bestimmt, die eine Anfangstiefe in der Mittelachse hat, die proportional zum Schneidstrom und zum Durchmesser des Emissionseinsatzes ist. Durch diese Aussparung wird die durch das Zünden und den Betrieb des Plasmabogens verursachte Ablagerung von Emissionsmaterial auf der Düseninnenfläche reduziert. Untersuchungen haben jedoch ergeben, dass die Lebensdauer dadurch nicht verlängert wird.Out DE 695 12 247 T2 It is known that the emissive surface of the emissive insert is initially shaped to define a recess in the emissive insert that has an initial depth in the central axis that is proportional to the cutting current and diameter of the emissive insert. This recess reduces the deposition of emission material on the nozzle inner surface caused by the ignition and operation of the plasma arc. Investigations have shown, however, that the life is not prolonged.

Die US 5 083 005 A offenbart eine Elektrode für einen Plasmabrenner im Neuzustand, umfassend einen länglichen Elektrodenhalter mit einer vorderen Fläche an der Elektrodenspitze und einer Bohrung, die in der Elektrodenspitze entlang einer Mittelachse durch den Elektrodenhalter angeordnet ist, und einen Emissionseinsatz, der in der Bohrung derart angeordnet ist, dass eine Emissionsfläche von dem Emissionseinsatz beiliegt. In der vorderen Fläche des Elektrodenhalters ist ein zylindrischer Hohlraum ausgebildet und in dem flachen und horizontalen Boden des Hohlraums ist eine zylindrische Sackbohrung ausgebildet, in der sich der Emissionseinsatz befindet. Die Emissionsfläche des Emissionseinsatzes befindet sich auf derselben Höhe wie der Boden des Hohlraums oder ragt sogar über ihn etwas hinaus.The US 5 083 005 A discloses an electrode for a plasma torch in a new state, comprising an elongated electrode holder having a front surface on the electrode tip and a bore disposed in the electrode tip along a central axis through the electrode holder, and an emissive insert disposed in the bore such that an emission surface from the emission insert is enclosed. In the front surface of the electrode holder, a cylindrical cavity is formed and in the flat and horizontal bottom of the cavity, a cylindrical blind bore is formed, in which the emissive insert is located. The emissive surface of the emissive insert is at the same height as the bottom of the cavity or even protrudes beyond it.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Lebensdauer einer Elektrode, insbesondere des Emissionseinsatzes, für einen Plasmabrenner zu erhöhen und dabei gleichzeitig den Fertigungsaufwand zu reduzieren.The invention has for its object to increase the life of an electrode, in particular the emission of use, for a plasma torch while reducing the manufacturing cost.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe gelöst durch eine Elektrode für einen Plasmabrenner, umfassend: einen länglichen Elektrodenhalter mit einer vorderen Fläche an der Elektrodenspitze und einer Bohrung die in der Elektrodenspitze entlang einer Mittelachse durch den Elektrodenhalter angeordnet ist, und einen Emissionseinsatz, der in der Bohrung derart angeordnet ist, dass eine Emissionsfläche von dem Emissionseinsatz freiliegt, wobei die Emissionsfläche gegenüber der vorderen Fläche des Elektrodenhalters zurücksteht und eine mittige Oberfläche und eine periphere Oberfläche umfasst und der Abstand a zwischen der mittigen Oberfläche des Emissionseinsatzes und der vorderen Fläche des Elektrodenhalters größer als der Abstand b zwischen der peripheren Oberfläche des Emissionseinsatzes und der vorderen Fläche des Elektrodenhaltes ist.According to the invention, this object is achieved by an electrode for a plasma torch comprising: an elongated electrode holder having a front surface on the electrode tip and a bore disposed in the electrode tip along a central axis through the electrode holder, and an emissive insert disposed in the bore in that an emission surface is exposed from the emission insert, the emission surface receding from the front surface of the electrode holder and having a center surface and a peripheral surface, and the distance a between the center surface of the emission insert and the front surface of the electrode holder is larger than the distance b between the peripheral surface of the emissive insert and the front surface of the electrode holder.

Die Unteransprüche betreffen vorteilhafte Weiterentwicklungen der Erfindung.The subclaims relate to advantageous developments of the invention.

Der Erfindung liegt die überraschende Erkenntnis zugrunde, dass durch Zurückstellen der Emissionsfläche gegenüber der vorderen Fläche des Elektrodenhalters die Lebensdauer der Elektrode erhöht wird.The invention is based on the surprising finding that the life of the electrode is increased by repositioning the emission surface with respect to the front surface of the electrode holder.

Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den beigefügten Ansprüchen und der nachfolgenden Beschreibung, in der mehrere Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung anhand der schematischen Zeichnungen im einzelnen erläutert sind, in denen:

Fig. 1
eine Längsschnittansicht durch einen Plasmabrennerkopf gemäß einer ersten besonderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung zeigt, bei dem sowohl eine bessere Zentrierung und/oder Abdichtung der Elektrode als auch ein spezieller Emissionseinsatz zur Verlängerung der Lebensdauer und Erhöhung der Betriebssicherheit des Plasmabrenners vorgesehen sind;
Fig. 2
Details der verbesserten Zentrierung und Abdichtung der in Fig. 1 gezeigten Elektrode zeigt;
Fig. 3
einen Elektrodenhalter vor dem Einbringen eines Emissionseinsatzes zeigt;
Fig. 4 bis 10
spezielle Ausführungsformen der erfindungsgemäßen Elektrode in Längsschnittansicht und Details der Emissionseinsätze in Längsschnittansicht und in Ansicht von vorne zeigen; und
Fig. 11
unterschiedliche Flächenformen von besonderen Ausführungsformen des Emissionseinsatzes von vorne zeigt.
Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the appended claims and the following description, in which several embodiments of the invention are explained in detail with reference to the schematic drawings, in which:
Fig. 1
a longitudinal sectional view through a plasma burner head according to a first particular embodiment of the invention, in which both a better centering and / or sealing of the electrode and a special emission insert to extend the life and increase the reliability of the plasma torch are provided;
Fig. 2
Details of improved centering and sealing of in Fig. 1 shows electrode shown;
Fig. 3
showing an electrode holder prior to introducing an emissive insert;
Fig. 4 to 10
show specific embodiments of the electrode according to the invention in longitudinal section view and details of the emission inserts in longitudinal section view and in front view; and
Fig. 11
shows different surface shapes of particular embodiments of the emission insert from the front.

Fig. 1 zeigt einen Plasmabrennerkopf 1 gemäß einer besonderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung, dessen wesentlichen Bestandteile zumindest eine Düse 4, eine Elektrode 7, genauer gesagt eine Flachelektrode, die einen Elektrodenhalter 7.5 mit einem Außengewinde 7.4 und einen Emissionseinsatz 7.1 aufweist, und eine Gasführung 3 sind. Fig. 1 shows a plasma burner head 1 according to a particular embodiment of the invention, the essential components are at least one nozzle 4, an electrode 7, more specifically a flat electrode having an electrode holder 7.5 with an external thread 7.4 and an emissive insert 7.1, and a gas guide 3.

Im hier beschriebenen Fall wird die Düse 4 durch einen Düsenhalter 5 und eine Düsenkappe 2 fixiert. Eine Elektrodenaufnahme 6 nimmt den Elektrodenhalter 7.5 über ein Innengewinde 6.4 auf. Die Gasführung 3 befindet sich zwischen der Elektrode 7 und der Düse 4 und versetzt ein Plasmagas PG in Rotation. Der Plasmabrennerkopf 1 verfügt über eine Wasserkühlung, die den Elektrodeninnenraum mit Hilfe eines Kühlrohrs 10 vom Kühlmittelvorlauf (WV1) zum Kühlmittelrücklauf (WR1) sowie die Düse 4 im Raum zwischen der Düse 4 und der Düsenkappe 2 vom Kühlmittelvorlauf WV2 zum Kühlmittelrücklauf WR2 durchströmt. Zusätzlich verfügt der Plasmabrennerkopf 1 über eine Düsenschutzkappe 9, die in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel auf eine Düsenschutzkappenhalterung 8 aufgeschraubt ist. Zwischen der Düsenschutzkappe 9 und der Düsenkappe 2 strömt das Sekundärgas, das die Düse, insbesondere die Düsenspitze schützt.In the case described here, the nozzle 4 is fixed by a nozzle holder 5 and a nozzle cap 2. An electrode holder 6 receives the electrode holder 7.5 via an internal thread 6.4. The gas guide 3 is located between the electrode 7 and the nozzle 4 and sets a plasma gas PG in rotation. The plasma burner head 1 has a water cooling, which flows through the electrode interior with the aid of a cooling tube 10 from the coolant flow (WV1) to the coolant return (WR1) and the nozzle 4 in the space between the nozzle 4 and the nozzle cap 2 from the coolant flow WV2 to the coolant return WR2. In addition, the plasma burner head 1 has a nozzle protection cap 9, which is screwed onto a nozzle protection cap holder 8 in this exemplary embodiment. Between the nozzle cap 9 and the nozzle cap 2, the secondary gas flows, which protects the nozzle, in particular the nozzle tip.

Fig. 2 zeigt die verbesserte Zentrierung und Abdichtung der Elektrode 7 zum Elektrodenhalter 7.5. Die Elektrode 7 hat an der zur Elektrodenaufnahme 6 gewandten Seite das Außengewinde 7.4, eine Nut 7.3 für die Aufnahme eines Rundrings 7.2 und eine zylindrische Außenfläche 7.6 (Zentrierfläche). Diese zylindrische Außenfläche 7.6 ist eng mit der zylindrischen Innenfläche 6.6 (Zentrierfläche) der Elektrodenaufnahme 6 toleriert. Dies wird z.B. durch eine für Zentrierungen übliche Spielpassung H7/h6 nach DIN ISO 286 erreicht. Durch die Kombination dieser Merkmale wird eine gute Zentrizität zwischen Elektrode 7 und Elektrodenaufnahme 6 und damit dem Plasmabrenner und eine sichere Abdichtung erreicht. Fig. 2 shows the improved centering and sealing of the electrode 7 to the electrode holder 7.5. The electrode 7 has on the side facing the electrode holder 6, the external thread 7.4, a groove 7.3 for receiving a round ring 7.2 and a cylindrical Outer surface 7.6 (centering surface). This cylindrical outer surface 7.6 is closely tolerated with the cylindrical inner surface 6.6 (centering surface) of the electrode holder 6. This is achieved, for example, by means of a clearance fit H7 / h6 in accordance with DIN ISO 286 which is customary for centering. By combining these features, a good centricity between the electrode 7 and electrode holder 6 and thus the plasma torch and a secure seal is achieved.

Fig. 3 zeigt eine Elektrode 7 vor dem Einbringen des Emissionseinsatzes 7.1 in den Elektrodenhalter 7.5. Fig. 3 shows an electrode 7 before introducing the emissive insert 7.1 into the electrode holder 7.5.

Die Fig. 4 bis 10 zeigen spezielle Ausführungsformen der erfindungsgemäßen Elektrode 7, die einen Elektrodenhalter 7.5 und einen Emissionseinsatz 7.1 aufweist.The Fig. 4 to 10 show specific embodiments of the electrode 7 according to the invention, which has an electrode holder 7.5 and an emissive insert 7.1.

Für den Abstand a zwischen der Oberfläche 7.7 des Elektrodenhalters 7.5 und der Oberfläche 7.11 des Emissionseinsatzes 7.1 und den Abstand b zwischen der Oberfläche 7.7 des Elektrodenhalters 7.5 und der Oberfläche 7.12 des Emissionseinsatzes 7.1 gelten folgende Beziehungen:

  • a > b
  • a = 0,15 mm bis 0,5 mm
  • b = 0,1 mm bis 0,45 mm
  • a ≥ 1,3 x b bis 3 x b
For the distance a between the surface 7.7 of the electrode holder 7.5 and the surface 7.11 of the emissive insert 7.1 and the distance b between the surface 7.7 of the electrode holder 7.5 and the surface 7.12 of the emissive insert 7.1, the following relationships apply:
  • a> b
  • a = 0.15 mm to 0.5 mm
  • b = 0.1 mm to 0.45 mm
  • a ≥ 1.3xb to 3xb

Der Winkel γ in der Oberfläche der Emissionseinsatzes 7.1 liegt vorteilhafterweise im Bereich von 0° ... 120°.The angle γ in the surface of the emission insert 7.1 is advantageously in the range of 0 ° ... 120 °.

Der Durchmesser cl der Bohrung für den Emissionseinsatz 7.1 im Elektrodenhalter 7.5 liegt vorteilhafterweise im Bereich von 0,5 mm bis 2,9 mm. Weiterhin gilt vorteilhafterweise für den Emissionseinsatz 7.1:

  • Durchmesser c2: c2 = 0,5 mm bis 2,9 mm
  • Durchmesser d der Oberfläche 7.11: d = 0,3 mm bis 2,7 mm und d ≤ c2 - 0,2 mm
The diameter c1 of the bore for the emission insert 7.1 in the electrode holder 7.5 is advantageously in the range from 0.5 mm to 2.9 mm. Furthermore, advantageously applies to the emission use 7.1:
  • Diameter c2: c2 = 0.5 mm to 2.9 mm
  • Diameter d of the surface 7.11: d = 0.3 mm to 2.7 mm and d ≤ c2 - 0.2 mm

Im übrigen gilt für die Breite g der Kreisringfläche A2: g ≥ 0,1 mm = (c2 - d)/2Incidentally, for the width g of the circular ring area A2: g ≥ 0.1 mm = (c2 - d) / 2

Vorteilhafterweise liegt der Winkel β des Emissionseinsatzes 7.1 im Bereich von 10° bis 90°, der Winkel α der Bohrung im Elektrodenhalter 7.5 im Bereich von 80° bis 160°, wobei gilt α > β.Advantageously, the angle β of the emission insert 7.1 is in the range of 10 ° to 90 °, the angle α of the bore in the electrode holder 7.5 in the range of 80 ° to 160 °, where α> β.

Fig. 11 zeigt unterschiedliche Flächenformen des Emissionseinsatzes 7.1. Der Flächeninhalt A2 der zum Elektrodenhalter 7.5 angrenzenden Fläche des Emissionseinsatzes 7.1 ist mindestens so groß wie der sich bei kreisförmiger Ausbildung in Abhängigkeit vom Durchmesser c2 ergebende minimal mögliche Flächeninhalt A2 des Kreisringes. Zwischen der peripheren Oberfläche 7.12 und der mittigen Oberfläche 7.11 kann noch eine z.B. schräge Übergangsfläche 7.13 mit einem Flächeninhalt A3 vorgesehen sein. Die Außenkonturen der Oberflächen 7.11 und 7.13 können beispielsweise dreieckig, vieleckig oder sternförmig o.ä. sein. Fig. 11 shows different surface shapes of the emission insert 7.1. The surface area A2 of the electrode holder 7.5 adjacent surface of the emissive insert 7.1 is at least as large as the resulting in a circular formation depending on the diameter c2 minimal possible surface area A2 of the annulus. Between the peripheral surface 7.12 and the central surface 7.11 may be provided with an area A3 A3, for example, an oblique transition surface. The outer contours of the surfaces 7.11 and 7.13, for example, triangular, polygonal or star-shaped or similar. be.

Die in der vorstehenden Beschreibung und, in den Zeichnungen offenbarten Merkmale der Erfindung können sowohl einzeln als auch in beliebigen Kombinationen für die Verwirklichung der Erfindung in ihren verschiedenen Ausführungsformen wesentlich sein, so wie in den beigefügten Ansprüchen beansprucht.The features of the invention disclosed in the foregoing description and in the drawings may be essential both individually and in any combination for the realization of the invention in its various embodiments as claimed in the appended claims.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
PlasmabrennerkopfPlasma torch head
22
Düsenkappenozzle cap
33
Gasführunggas guide
44
Düsejet
55
DüsenhalterInjectors
66
Elektrodenaufnahmeelectrode holder
6.46.4
Innengewindeinner thread
6.66.6
zylindrische Innenflächecylindrical inner surface
77
Elektrodeelectrode
7.17.1
Emissionseinsatzemission insert
7.27.2
RundringO-ring
7.37.3
Nutgroove
7.47.4
Außengewindeexternal thread
7.57.5
Elektrodenhalterelectrode holder
7.67.6
zylindrische Außenflächecylindrical outer surface
7.77.7
Oberfläche des Elektrodenhalters an der ElektrodenspitzeSurface of the electrode holder at the electrode tip
7.117.11
mittige Oberfläche des Emissionseinsatzescentral surface of the emission insert
7.127.12
periphere Oberfläche des Emissionseinsatzesperipheral surface of the emission insert
7.137.13
ÜbergangsflächeTransition surface
7.147.14
Bohrung im Elektrodenhalter 7.5Bore in the electrode holder 7.5
7.157.15
Ende vom Emissionseinsatz 7.1End of emission use 7.1
7.167.16
Boden der Bohrung 7.14Bottom of the hole 7.14
88th
DüsenschutzkappenhalterungNozzle protection cap holder
99
DüsenschutzkappeNozzle cap
A1A1
Flächeninhalt der Oberfläche 7.11Surface area of the surface 7.11
A2A2
Flächeninhalt der Oberfläche 7.12Surface area of the surface 7.12
aa
Abstand zwischen der Oberfläche 7.7 des Elektrodenhalters 7.5 und der mittigen Oberfläche 7.11 des Emissionseinsatzes 7.1Distance between the surface 7.7 of the electrode holder 7.5 and the central surface 7.11 of the emission insert 7.1
bb
Abstand zwischen der Oberfläche 7.7 des Elektrodenhalters 7.5 und der peripheren Oberfläche 7.12 des Emissionseinsatzes 7.1Distance between the surface 7.7 of the electrode holder 7.5 and the peripheral surface 7.12 of the emission insert 7.1
c1c1
Durchmesser der Bohrung für den Emissionseinsatz 7.1 im Elektrodenhalter 7.5Diameter of the hole for the emission insert 7.1 in the electrode holder 7.5
c2c2
Durchmesser des Emissionseinsatzes 7.1Diameter of the emission insert 7.1
dd
Durchmesser der Oberfläche 7.11 des Emissionseinsatzes 7.1Diameter of the surface 7.11 of the emission insert 7.1
ee
Länge des Emissionseinsatzes 7.1Length of emission use 7.1
ff
Länge des zylindrischen Teils des Bohrung für den Emissionseinsatz 7.1 im Elektrodenhalter 7.5Length of the cylindrical part of the bore for the emission insert 7.1 in the electrode holder 7.5
gG
Breite der Kreisringfläche A2Width of the circular ring area A2
αα
Winkel der Bohrung im Elektrodenhalter 7.5Angle of the hole in the electrode holder 7.5
ββ
Winkel des Emissionseinsatzes 7.1Angle of emission use 7.1
γγ
Winkel in Oberfläche des Emissionseinsatzes 7Angle in surface of the emission insert 7
rr
Radiusradius

Claims (9)

  1. An electrode (7) for a plasma burner comprising:
    a long electrode holder (7.5) having a front surface (7.7) on the tip of the electrode and a borehole (7.14) in the tip of the electrode along a central axis through the electrode holder (7.5), and
    an emission inset (7.1) arranged in the borehole (7.14) in such a way that an emission surface (7.11 und 7.12) is separate from the emission inset (7.1),
    with
    the emission surface (7.11 and 7.12) being set back from the front surface (7.7) of the electrode holder, characterised in that the emission surface (7.11 and 7.12) comprises a central area (7.11) and a peripheral area (7.12) and the distance a between the central area (7.11) of the emission inset (7.1) and the front surface (7.7) of the electrode holder (7.5) is greater than the distance b between the peripheral area (7.12) of the emission inset (7.1) and the front surface (7.7) of the electrode holder (7.5), with the transition between the central and peripheral areas exhibiting at least one edge.
  2. The electrode (7) of claim 1 wherein the peripheral area (7.12) is angled.
  3. The electrode (7) of any one of the preceding claims wherein the end (7.15) of the emission inset (7.1) which faces away from the tip of the electrode is in the form of a truncated cone.
  4. The electrode (7) of claim 3 wherein the end (7.15) facing away from the tip of the electrode runs in the form of a truncated cone at an angle ß ranging from 10° to 90°.
  5. The electrode (7) of any one of the preceding claims wherein the borehole (7.14) exhibits a tapered base (7.16).
  6. The Electrode (7) of claim 5 wherein the tapered base (7.16) exhibits an angle α ranging from 80° to 160°.
  7. The electrode (7) of any one of the preceding claims characterised in that it exhibits an electrode receiving element (6) having an inner thread (6.4) and the electrode holder (7.5) exhibits an outer thread (7.4) and a groove (7.3) in its cylindrical outer surface (7.6) and in that the electrode holder (7.5) is sealed screwed to the electrode receiving element (6) by the outer thread (7.4) and the inner thread (6.4).
  8. The electrode of claim 7 wherein an annular ring (7.2) for sealing is arranged in the groove (7.3).
  9. A plasma burner head (1) having an electrode (7) according to any one of the preceding claims.
EP09804234.4A 2008-12-18 2009-11-27 Electrode for a plasma burner Active EP2210455B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL09804234T PL2210455T3 (en) 2008-12-18 2009-11-27 Electrode for a plasma burner
SI200930863T SI2210455T1 (en) 2008-12-18 2009-11-27 Electrode for a plasma burner

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102008062731A DE102008062731C5 (en) 2008-12-18 2008-12-18 Electrode for a plasma torch
PCT/DE2009/001692 WO2010037380A2 (en) 2008-12-18 2009-11-27 Electrode for a plasma burner

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EP2210455A2 EP2210455A2 (en) 2010-07-28
EP2210455B1 true EP2210455B1 (en) 2013-12-25

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JP (1) JP5643221B2 (en)
KR (1) KR101607358B1 (en)
CN (1) CN102217428B (en)
BR (1) BRPI0922153B1 (en)
CA (1) CA2739643C (en)
DE (1) DE102008062731C5 (en)
DK (1) DK2210455T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2453621T3 (en)
HR (1) HRP20140177T1 (en)
MX (1) MX2011005715A (en)
PL (1) PL2210455T3 (en)
RU (1) RU2526862C2 (en)
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CA2739643C (en) 2014-12-30
DE102008062731B4 (en) 2010-12-23
EP2210455A2 (en) 2010-07-28
CA2739643A1 (en) 2010-04-08
DE102008062731C5 (en) 2012-06-14
RU2526862C2 (en) 2014-08-27
SI2210455T1 (en) 2014-04-30
DE102008062731B9 (en) 2012-02-23
RU2011119977A (en) 2012-11-27
WO2010037380A3 (en) 2011-03-03
PL2210455T3 (en) 2014-05-30
DE102008062731A1 (en) 2010-07-01
HRP20140177T1 (en) 2014-03-28
ES2453621T3 (en) 2014-04-08
WO2010037380A2 (en) 2010-04-08
KR101607358B1 (en) 2016-03-29
DK2210455T3 (en) 2014-03-17
US8710397B2 (en) 2014-04-29
JP5643221B2 (en) 2014-12-17
MX2011005715A (en) 2011-06-17
BRPI0922153B1 (en) 2019-07-16
BRPI0922153A2 (en) 2018-12-11
CN102217428A (en) 2011-10-12
CN102217428B (en) 2014-10-08
US20110240609A1 (en) 2011-10-06
ZA201102990B (en) 2012-08-29
JP2012512510A (en) 2012-05-31
KR20110094292A (en) 2011-08-23

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