CN104754849B - Jet-propelled negative electrode - Google Patents
Jet-propelled negative electrode Download PDFInfo
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- CN104754849B CN104754849B CN201510168484.5A CN201510168484A CN104754849B CN 104754849 B CN104754849 B CN 104754849B CN 201510168484 A CN201510168484 A CN 201510168484A CN 104754849 B CN104754849 B CN 104754849B
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- negative electrode
- jet
- insulating base
- cathode taps
- propelled
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/28—Cooling arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
Abstract
Jet-propelled negative electrode, it is related to plasma apparatus, wherein, jet-propelled negative electrode is made up of cathode taps, tubular body and follower head, the front end center of cathode taps has puff prot, there is outer-hexagonal nosing on the outside of negative electrode back of head, the rear end of outer-hexagonal nosing constitutes sealing plane, and tubular body is connected between cathode taps and follower head；Plasma gasification spray gun is made up of jet-propelled negative electrode, insulating base and anode, insulating base is the hollow rotary structure of two sections of reducings, hollow path is in the back segment of insulating base, hollow big footpath is in the leading portion of insulating base, there is interior hexagonal groove in the front end of hollow path section, jet-propelled negative electrode is arranged in the hollow path of insulating base back segment, and the sealing plane of outer-hexagonal nosing rear end is close to sealing with the foundation ring of interior hexagonal groove；Anode is arranged on the mounting interface of insulating base leading portion.The present invention is effectively protected to negative electrode, is improved the efficiency of heating surface of Plasma gasification spray gun, is made water-molecule dissociation rate higher.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to plasma apparatus, a kind of Plasma gasification spray gun is especially related to.
Background technology
Currently, plasma technology has been widely used, industrially applied to plasma ignition, plasma spraying, gold
Category smelting, heating plasma manufacture nano material, cutting, the processing of waste incineration waste etc..Plasma is showed by ionic discharge
As a kind of state formed, along with electric discharge will generate excited atom, excite molecule, dissociation atom, free atomic group,
Atom or the activity chemistry thing of molecular ion group and they with being reacted caused by other chemicals collisions.In plasma
In spray gun, discharge process causes work gas molecule to lose outer-shell electron and form ionic condition, and high temperature is produced through mutually collision,
The central temperature of plasma flare may be up to more than tens thousand of degree Celsius, and torch lip temperature also can reach more than thousands of degree, quilt
When the material of processing is impacted by high-temperature plasma, its molecule will be decomposed, atom will reconfigure and generate new thing
Matter, makes harmful substance be changed into innocuous substance.
On coal gasification production line, gas making reaction is carried out with coal after water vapour by pyrolytic, makes coal more
Easily gasification, improves the rate of gasification of coal, realizes and saves coal resources；In house refuse or industrial organic wastes disposal system
In, when water vapour by pyrolytic after with carrying out gasification reaction with house refuse or industrial organic wastes again when, make it
The synthesis gas quality better of conversion, reaches the requirement of industrial chemicals, realizes recycling.Hydrone is a kind of thing of quite stable
Matter, in atmospheric conditions, temperature hydrone in 2000K are hardly decomposed, and the water for having 25% during 2500K is decomposed, 3400~
The molar fraction of hydrogen and oxygen reaches maximum during 3500K, respectively 18% and 6%, when temperature reaches more than 4200K, and moisture
Son will all be decomposed into hydrogen, oxygen, active hydrogen atom, active oxygen atom and reactive hydrogen oxygen atomic group, still, general heating
Mode is difficult to reach so high temperature, and can then be accomplished using plasma torch.
In existing Plasma gasification spray gun, heated gas enters region of discharge, water vapour from the periphery of negative electrode
The central area of torch is not easily accessible, therefore, existing Plasma gasification spray gun haves the shortcomings that water-molecule dissociation rate is low.Deng
The negative electrode of ion spray gun body is the part of launching electronics, is burnt due to bearing the impact of electric current and the high temperature of tens thousand of degree, therefore, cloudy
The head of pole is easy to ablated and causes to damage, not only influence production, and increase production cost.
Chinese patent notification number CN203851357U discloses " a kind of plasma heating decomposer ", by anode jacket, sun
Pole, negative electrode pedestal, negative electrode and insulating frame composition, wherein, negative electrode pedestal is in the forwardly convex rotary structure of axis, negative electrode pedestal
Axis be insertion hollow-core construction, negative electrode is embedded into the interior space of negative electrode pedestal axis, and the head end side wall of negative electrode is closely filled
In the front end wall body for fitting over negative electrode pedestal axis, the tail end of negative electrode is fitted closely in the wall body of negative electrode pedestal rear end, negative electrode
Space, which is constituted in water jacket, the body of rod of negative electrode, between the inwall of body of rod outer wall and negative electrode pedestal axis feed gas passage, unstripped gas
Passage has the access of unstripped gas input interface, and there is unstripped gas spout at the head end center of negative electrode, and feed gas passage passes through unstripped gas spout
It is communicated to contraction chamber.The region of discharge that the patent sprays into water vapour in contraction chamber by the spout at negative electrode head end center, steams water
The heat that vapour is absorbed to negative electrode head end is preheated, while anticathode head end has cooling effect, overcomes Conventional plasma
The shortcoming of the easy ablation of spray gun body electrode.But, because the patent is taken " the head end side wall of negative electrode fits closely over negative electrode base
Seat axis front end wall body in, the tail end of negative electrode is fitted closely in the wall body of negative electrode pedestal rear end " measure carry out water jacket it is close
Envelope, the effect of expanding with heat and contract with cold of material will loosen negative electrode, cause shift cathode and seal unreliable, the cooling water in water jacket
The region of discharge easily leaked into contraction chamber, has influence on spray gun normal work.
The content of the invention
The invention aims to overcome the shortcoming of existing plasma torch, the heating of Plasma gasification spray gun is improved
Efficiency, makes water-molecule dissociation rate higher, it is to avoid shift cathode, and cooling water will not be leaked, and the negative electrode of article on plasma spray gun body
Effectively protected, Plasma gasification spray gun is met coal gasification production, solid waste disposal field and ignition of the boiler
Application requirement.
A kind of jet-propelled negative electrode of the present invention, it is characterized in that negative electrode is by cathode taps（2-1）, tubular body（2-2）And follower head
（2-3）Composition, wherein, cathode taps（2-1）, tubular body（2-2）And follower head（2-3）It is connected as a single entity, cathode taps（2-1）Front end
There is puff prot at center（212）, puff prot（212）Periphery constitute discharge end（211）, in cathode taps（2-1）Have on the outside of rear portion
Outer-hexagonal nosing（213）, outer-hexagonal nosing（213）Rear end constitute sealing plane（214）；Follower head（2-3）Outside have lock
Tight screw head（233）, lock screw head（233）For external thread structure, follower head（2-3）Center have installation screw socket（231）, spiral shell is installed
Mouthful（231）For female thread structure, screw socket is installed（231）Interior space constitute connector（232）；Tubular body（2-2）It is connected to the moon
Cartridge（2-1）With follower head（2-3）Between, tubular body（2-2）Interior space constitute gas channel（Ⅰ）；Connector（232）Connection
To gas channel（Ⅰ）, gas channel（Ⅰ）It is communicated to puff prot（212）.In the present invention, cathode taps（2-1）Front end be arc surface
Structure；Follower head（2-3）Diameter be less than cathode taps（2-1）Diameter, tubular body（2-2）Diameter be less than follower head（2-3）
Diameter.
The jet-propelled negative electrode of the present invention is applied in Plasma gasification spray gun.Plasma gasification spray gun is by jet-propelled the moon
Pole, insulating base（1）And anode（3）Composition, wherein, insulating base（1）It is hollow small for the hollow rotary structure of two sections of reducings
Footpath is in insulating base（1）Back segment in, hollow big footpath is in insulating base（1）Leading portion in, have in the front end of hollow path section in
Hexagonal groove（1-2）, interior hexagonal groove（1-2）Foundation ring constitute sealing surface, have conical seal surface in the rear end of hollow path section
（1-6）, in insulating base（1）Hollow big footpath section front end have mounting interface（1-4）.In the specific implementation, anode（3）It is arranged on
Insulating base（1）The mounting interface of leading portion（1-4）On；Jet-propelled negative electrode is arranged on insulating base（1）In the hollow path of back segment,
Cathode taps（2-1）Outer-hexagonal nosing（213）It is embedded into insulating base（1）Interior hexagonal groove（1-2）In, outer-hexagonal nosing
（213）The sealing plane of rear end（214）With interior hexagonal groove（1-2）Foundation ring sealing surface be close to, the tubular body of jet-propelled negative electrode
（2-2）Outer wall and insulating base（1）Hollow path section inwall between space constitute annular cooling chamber（Ⅱ）, annular cooling chamber
（Ⅱ）There is cooling water input interface（1-5）Access and cooling water output interface（1-1）Pick out；The follower head of jet-propelled negative electrode（2-
3）From insulating base（1）Rear end stretch out, in the follower head of jet-propelled negative electrode（2-3）There is locking screw head in outside（233）, locking screw
Head（233）For external thread structure, screw head is being locked（233）On have locking nut（6）Locked, in locking nut（6）With it is exhausted
Edge pedestal（1）The conical seal surface of rear end（1-6）Between have plain washer（8）With cone seal circle（7）.The present invention is jet-propelled the moon
Pole is securely clamped in insulating base（1）On without being subjected to displacement；The outer-hexagonal nosing of cathode taps（213）Rear end and insulation base
Seat（1）Interior hexagonal groove（1-2）It is close to sealing, in insulating base in foundation ring（1）Rear end have cone seal circle（7）Carry out close
Envelope, will not loosen so that sealed reliable because expanding with heat and contract with cold, will not leak, so that it is guaranteed that Plasma gasification spray gun can be normal
Work.
A kind of Plasma gasification spray gun of the present invention, including negative electrode and anode, it is characterized in that gasification spray gun is main by spraying
Gas formula negative electrode（2）, insulating base（1）And anode（3）Composition, wherein, jet-propelled negative electrode（2）By cathode taps（2-1）, tubular body
（2-2）And follower head（2-3）Constitute, cathode taps（2-1）, tubular body（2-2）And follower head（2-3）It is connected as a single entity, cathode taps（2-
1）Front end center have puff prot（212）, in cathode taps（2-1）There is outer-hexagonal nosing on the outside of rear portion（213）, outer-hexagonal nosing
（213）Rear end constitute sealing plane（214）, tubular body（2-2）It is connected to cathode taps（2-1）With follower head（2-3）Between, pipe
Shape body（2-2）Interior space constitute gas channel（Ⅰ）, follower head（2-3）On have connector（232）, connector（232）Pass through gas
Circulation road（Ⅰ）It is communicated to puff prot（212）；Insulating base（1）For the hollow rotary structure of two sections of reducings, hollow path is exhausted
Edge pedestal（1）Back segment in, hollow big footpath is in insulating base（1）Leading portion in, have interior hexagonal recessed in the front end of hollow path section
Groove（1-2）, interior hexagonal groove（1-2）Foundation ring constitute sealing surface, have conical seal surface in the rear end of hollow path section（1-6）,
In insulating base（1）Hollow big footpath section front end have mounting interface（1-4）；Anode（3）By jet pipe（3-3）And shell（3-2）Structure
Into jet pipe（3-3）In axially through structure, jet pipe（3-3）There is compression duct at interior rear portion（Ⅶ）, compress duct（Ⅶ）For circle
Shape straight hole structure, compresses duct（Ⅶ）Rear end be narrowed bell-mouth structure of air, compress duct（Ⅶ）Front end be flaring circle
Pyramidal structure, compresses duct（Ⅶ）The cone-shaped space of front end constitutes spray chamber（Ⅴ）, shell（3-2）It is enclosed in jet pipe（3-3）
Periphery, shell（3-2）With jet pipe（3-3）Between interior space constitute cooling jacket（Ⅵ）, cooling jacket（Ⅵ）There is cooling agent
Import（3-9）Access and coolant outlet（3-4）Pick out；Jet-propelled negative electrode（2）Installed in insulating base（1）Back segment it is hollow small
In footpath, cathode taps（2-1）Outer-hexagonal nosing（213）It is embedded into insulating base（1）Interior hexagonal groove（1-2）In, outer-hexagonal
Nosing（213）The sealing plane of rear end（214）With interior hexagonal groove（1-2）Foundation ring be close to sealing, jet-propelled negative electrode（2）Pipe
Shape body（2-2）Outer wall and insulating base（1）Hollow path section inwall between space constitute annular cooling chamber（Ⅱ）, it is annular cold
But room（Ⅱ）There is cooling water input interface（1-5）Access and cooling water output interface（1-1）Pick out；Anode（3）Installed in insulation
Pedestal（1）The mounting interface of leading portion（1-4）On, anode（3）The outer wall and insulating base at rear portion（1）Hollow big footpath section inwall it
Between space constitute ring-shaped air chamber（Ⅳ）, ring-shaped air chamber（Ⅳ）There is work gas interface（1-3）Access, ring-shaped air chamber（Ⅳ）It is communicated to
Anode nozzle（3-3）In the horn mouth space of rear end；Cathode taps（2-1）Enter anode nozzle（3-3）The horn mouth of rear end is empty
Between in, cathode taps（2-1）Puff prot（212）Periphery constitutes discharge end（211）, anode nozzle（3-3）The horn mouth of rear end is empty
Between constitute region of discharge（Ⅷ）, compress duct（Ⅶ）The jet pipe of front end（3-3）Inwall constitutes discharge face（3-6）.In the present invention, jet
Formula negative electrode（2）Follower head（2-3）From insulating base（1）Rear end stretch out, in jet-propelled negative electrode（2）Follower head（2-3）Outside
There is locking screw head side（233）, lock screw head（233）For external thread structure, screw head is being locked（233）On have locking nut（6）Enter
Row locking, in locking nut（6）With insulating base（1）The conical seal surface of rear end（1-6）Between have plain washer（8）It is close with circular cone
Seal（7）；In cathode taps（2-1）Outer-hexagonal nosing（213）Front end and anode（3）Rear end between have eddy flow circle（4）, eddy flow
Circle（4）On have tangential air drain（Ⅲ）, ring-shaped air chamber（Ⅳ）Pass through tangential air drain（Ⅲ）It is communicated to anode nozzle（3-3）The loudspeaker of rear end
In mouth space；In anode（3）Rear end on have eddy flow circle（4）Positioning convex（3-10）；In anode casing（3-2）Rear portion
There is installation screw head（3-1）, anode（3）Insulating base is arranged in threaded engagement mode（1）The mounting interface of front end（1-4）On；
In jet-propelled negative electrode（2）Follower head（2-3）There is installation screw socket at center（231）, screw socket is installed（231）For female thread structure；Afterwards
Termination（2-3）On connector（232）By installation screw socket（231）Interior space constitute.The present invention is used at industrial harmful gas
Reason and steam heating are decomposed, when being handled for industrial harmful gas, industrial harmful gas directly from jet-propelled negative electrode（2）
Connector（232）Feeding gasification spray gun；When being decomposed for steam heating, in jet-propelled negative electrode（2）In have separator
（5）, separator（5）Front end have isolated tube（5-1）, separator（5）Rear end have water vapour input interface（5-2）, separator
（5）Installed in jet-propelled negative electrode（2）Connector（232）On, isolated tube（5-1）It extend into tubular body（2-2）Interior air-flow leads to
Road（Ⅰ）In, in use, water vapour passes through separator（5）And isolated tube（5-1）Enter jet-propelled negative electrode（2）The jet of front end
Mouthful（212）, it is to avoid water vapour is in gas channel（Ⅰ）Inside it is cooled and liquefies.
Above-mentioned invention in the specific implementation, in the shell of anode（3-2）On have electric interfaces（3-8）, pass through anode
Shell（3-2）To jet pipe（3-3）Electrical communication is carried out, the positive pole of working power is connected to the electric interfaces of anode（3-8）On, work
The negative pole for making power supply is connected to jet-propelled negative electrode（2）Follower head（2-3）On, the feed pipe of cooling water is connected respectively to cooling water
Input interface（1-5）Upper and coolant inlet（3-9）On, the return pipe of cooling water is connected respectively to cooling water output interface（1-
1）Upper and coolant outlet（3-4）On, the air supply pipe of work gas is connected to work gas interface（1-3）On, the appendix of unstripped gas
It is connected to connector（232）Go up or be connected to water vapour input interface（5-2）On.During work, cooling water enters annular all the way
Cooling chamber（Ⅱ）In, to jet-propelled negative electrode（2）Cooled down, the heat of negative electrode is quickly removed by current；Another road cooling
Water enters the cooling jacket of anode（Ⅵ）In, to the jet pipe of anode（3-3）Cooled down, it is by current that the heat of anode is fast
Speed is removed；Work gas enters ring-shaped air chamber（Ⅳ）In, then pass through tangential air drain（Ⅲ）Entered and put in swirling eddy mode
Electric area（Ⅷ）；When in anode（3）With jet-propelled negative electrode（2）Between apply electric energy when, cathode taps（2-1）Puff prot（212）Week
Side just launching electronics, form the plasma arc of high temperature, plasma arc is by compressing duct（Ⅶ）Enter spray chamber
（Ⅴ）In, in plasma arc by compressing duct（Ⅶ）When, electric arc is compressed, and plasma arc is obtained further
Heating, the arc root of plasma arc is respectively in cathode taps（2-1）The discharge end of front end（211）Upper and anode nozzle（3-3）It is interior
The discharge face of wall（3-6）On, plasma flare is from anode nozzle（3-3）Interior spray chamber（Ⅴ）It is middle to spray；Discharge end（211）
Plasma arc arc root be distributed in cathode taps（2-1）The puff prot of front end center（212）Periphery, industrial harmful gas or water
Steam is from cathode taps（2-1）The puff prot of front end center（212）Spray into region of discharge（Ⅷ）, industrial harmful gas or water vapour from etc.
The center of gas ions electric arc arc root enters the center of plasma arc so that the energy of plasma arc is concentrated and acted on
On industrial harmful gas or water vapour, industrial harmful gas or water vapour are easier to be thermally decomposed, therefore, heating-up temperature and heating
It is more efficient, meanwhile, industrial harmful gas or water vapour are passing through puff prot（212）When, to jet-propelled negative electrode（2）In front end
The heart carries out airflow scouring, heat is quickly taken away, to cathode taps（2-1）Protected, prevent ablation.In said process, industry
Pernicious gas carries out high-temperature activation decomposition, atom and reconfigures and generate new innocuous substance；Or water vapour is carried out high temperature work
Change and decompose, the activity chemistry thing of generation hydrogen and oxygen, the gasifying agent gasified as coal gasification or solid organic waste substances, high-temperature plasma
The heat energy of body be discharged into gasification furnace there is provided to raw material stoving and pyrolysis needed for.
In above-mentioned invention, described work gas includes air, nitrogen, argon gas or hydrogen one kind therein, described original
Material gas bag include water vapour or industrial harmful gas one kind therein, when using the present invention as be pyrolyzed water hydrogen producer apply or as
During gasification furnace equipment application, unstripped gas is water vapour, and work gas selects hydrogen；Set when using the disposal of the present invention as pernicious gas
For when applying, unstripped gas is pernicious gas, and work gas selects air.
In plasma apparatus, the effect of negative electrode is that the plasma-arc arc root on launching electronics, negative electrode concentrates on negative electrode
The center of head end, temperature highest, therefore, the center of negative electrode head end are most easily ablated.The present invention takes a water vapour or industry to have
Evil gas passes through cathode taps（2-1）The puff prot at center（212）Be injected to the center of plasma arc arc root, make water vapour or
Industrial harmful gas absorbs cathode taps（2-1）The heat at center, cathode taps（2-1）Center obtain quick heat radiating, meanwhile, from the moon
Cartridge（2-1）The puff prot at center（212）The gas formation protection air-flow of ejection, to cathode taps（2-1）Central area carry out
Effectively protection, it is to avoid or slowing down cathode head（2-1）It is ablated.In the present invention, cathode taps（2-1）Head end be processed into arc end
Face, work gas washes away cathode taps in a rotative pattern（2-1）Circular arc type head end so that electric discharge area increase, plasma electricity
The arc root of arc is dispersed on circular arc end face, it is to avoid local temperature is too high and ablation negative electrode；Water vapour passes through separator（5）And isolation
Pipe（5-1）Enter cathode taps（2-1）The puff prot at center（212）, then from puff prot（212）Spray into region of discharge（Ⅷ）, make
Water vapour is obtained in gas channel（Ⅰ）In will not be by annular cooling chamber（Ⅱ）Cooling effect, it is to avoid water vapour is condensed into water.
In above-mentioned invention, described jet-propelled negative electrode（2）It is integrated, cathode taps（2-1）, tubular body（2-
2）And follower head（2-3）It is connected as a single entity, and in cathode taps（2-1）There is outer-hexagonal nosing on the outside of rear portion（213）, outer-hexagonal dash forward
Edge（213）Rear end constitute sealing plane（214）, in follower head（2-3）Outside have locking screw head（233）, in insulating base
（1）Hollow path section front end have interior hexagonal groove（1-2）, interior hexagonal groove（1-2）Foundation ring constitute sealing surface, hollow small
There is conical seal surface the rear end of footpath section（1-6）, jet-propelled negative electrode（2）Follower head（2-3）From insulating base（1）Rear end stretch
Go out, in jet-propelled negative electrode（2）Follower head（2-3）There is locking screw head in outside（233）, in locking screw head（233）On have locking screw
It is female（6）Locked.Pass through above-mentioned measure so that jet-propelled negative electrode（2）It is securely clamped in insulating base（1）On without
It is subjected to displacement；The outer-hexagonal nosing of cathode taps（213）Rear end and insulating base（1）Interior hexagonal groove（1-2）It is close to close in foundation ring
Seal, in insulating base（1）Rear end have cone seal circle（7）Sealed, will not be loosened because expanding with heat and contract with cold so that sealing can
Lean on, will not leak.
Above-mentioned invention in the specific implementation, insulating base（1）Made from polytetrafluoroethylmaterial material or bakelite material, when
When being made from bakelite material, because bakelite material hardness is higher, in the outer-hexagonal nosing of cathode taps（213）Rear end and insulation base
Seat（1）Interior hexagonal groove（1-2）Sealing gasket is needed between foundation ring, sealing gasket selects polytetrafluoroethylmaterial material or red copper material system
Make；Jet-propelled negative electrode（2）Made from tungsten lanthanum Zirconium alloy material or chrome zirconium copper alloy material；Anode（3）Or anode nozzle（3-3）
Made from chrome zirconium copper alloy material；Separator（5）With cone seal circle（7）Made from polytetrafluoroethylmaterial material.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：A kind of jet-propelled negative electrode and Plasma gasification spray gun provided, overcomes existing
The shortcoming of plasma torch, it is to avoid shift cathode, cooling water will not be leaked, and the negative electrode of plasma gasification spray gun enters
Row effectively protection.The present invention improves the efficiency of heating surface of Plasma gasification spray gun, makes water-molecule dissociation rate higher, of the invention
Plasma gasification spray gun can meet the application requirement of coal gasification production, solid waste disposal field and ignition of the boiler.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the jet-propelled cathode construction figure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a kind of structure chart of Plasma gasification spray gun of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structure chart of another Plasma gasification spray gun of the present invention.
In figure：1. hexagonal groove in insulating base, 1-1. cooling water output interfaces, 1-2., 1-3. work gas interfaces, 1-4.
Mounting interface, 1-5. cooling water input interfaces, 1-6. conical seal surfaces, 2. jet-propelled negative electrodes, 2-1. cathode taps, 211. negative electrodes
Discharge end, 212. puff prots, 213. outer-hexagonal nosings, 214. sealing planes, the tubular body of 2-2. negative electrodes, 221. radiating walls, 2-
3. the follower head of negative electrode, 231. install screw socket, and 232. connectors, 233. locking screw heads, 3. anodes, 3-1. installs screw head, 3-2.
The shell of anode, the jet pipe of 3-3. anodes, 3-4. coolant outlets, 3-5. tenons, the discharge face of 3-6. anodes, 3-7. positioning is prominent
Edge, 3-8. electric interfaces, 3-9. coolant inlets, the positioning convex of 3-10. eddy flow circles, 4. eddy flow circles, 5. separators, 5-1. every
From pipe, 5-2. water vapour input interfaces, 6. locking nuts, 7. cone seal circles, 8. plain washers；The air-flow of I, cathode centers leads to
Road, II, annular cooling chambers, the tangential air drains of III, IV, ring-shaped air chambers, V, spray chambers, the cooling jacket of VI, anodes, VII, compressions
Duct, VIII, region of discharges.
Embodiment
In embodiment shown in the Fig. 1 of embodiment 1, a kind of jet-propelled negative electrode is by cathode taps（2-1）, tubular body（2-2）With
Follower head（2-3）Composition, cathode taps（2-1）, tubular body（2-2）And follower head（2-3）It is connected as a single entity, follower head（2-3）It is straight
Footpath is less than cathode taps（2-1）Diameter, tubular body（2-2）Diameter be less than follower head（2-3）Diameter, cathode taps（2-1）'s
Front end is arc surface structure, cathode taps（2-1）Front end center have puff prot（212）, puff prot（212）Periphery constitute electric discharge
End（211）, in cathode taps（2-1）There is outer-hexagonal nosing on the outside of rear portion（213）, outer-hexagonal nosing（213）Rear end constitute it is close
Seal plane（214）；Follower head（2-3）Outside have locking screw head（233）, lock screw head（233）For external thread structure, follower head
（2-3）Center have installation screw socket（231）, screw socket is installed（231）For female thread structure, screw socket is installed（231）Interior space structure
Into connector（232）；Tubular body（2-2）It is connected to cathode taps（2-1）With follower head（2-3）Between, tubular body（2-2）Interior sky
Between constitute gas channel（Ⅰ）；Connector（232）It is communicated to gas channel（Ⅰ）, gas channel（Ⅰ）It is communicated to puff prot（212）.
The jet-propelled negative electrode of the present embodiment is applied in Plasma gasification spray gun.Plasma gasification spray gun is by jet-propelled
Negative electrode, insulating base（1）And anode（3）Composition, wherein, insulating base（1）It is hollow for the hollow rotary structure of two sections of reducings
Path is in insulating base（1）Back segment in, hollow big footpath is in insulating base（1）Leading portion in, have in the front end of hollow path section
Interior hexagonal groove（1-2）, interior hexagonal groove（1-2）Foundation ring constitute sealing surface, have cone seal in the rear end of hollow path section
Face（1-6）, in insulating base（1）Hollow big footpath section front end have mounting interface（1-4）.Anode（3）Installed in insulating base（1）
The mounting interface of leading portion（1-4）On；Jet-propelled negative electrode is arranged on insulating base（1）In the hollow path of back segment, cathode taps（2-1）
Outer-hexagonal nosing（213）It is embedded into insulating base（1）Interior hexagonal groove（1-2）In, outer-hexagonal nosing（213）Rear end it is close
Seal plane（214）With interior hexagonal groove（1-2）Foundation ring sealing surface be close to, the tubular body of jet-propelled negative electrode（2-2）Outer wall with absolutely
Edge pedestal（1）Hollow path section inwall between space constitute annular cooling chamber（Ⅱ）, annular cooling chamber（Ⅱ）There is cooling water
Input interface（1-5）Access and cooling water output interface（1-1）Pick out；The follower head of jet-propelled negative electrode（2-3）From insulating base
（1）Rear end stretch out, in the follower head of jet-propelled negative electrode（2-3）There is locking screw head in outside（233）, lock screw head（233）To be outer
Helicitic texture, in locking screw head（233）On have locking nut（6）Locked, in locking nut（6）With insulating base（1）Afterwards
The conical seal surface at end（1-6）Between have plain washer（8）With cone seal circle（7）.The present embodiment jet-propelled negative electrode securely
It is clamped in insulating base（1）On without being subjected to displacement；The outer-hexagonal nosing of cathode taps（213）Rear end and insulating base（1）'s
Interior hexagonal groove（1-2）It is close to sealing, in insulating base in foundation ring（1）Rear end have cone seal circle（7）Sealed, Bu Huiyin
Expand with heat and contract with cold and loosen so that sealed reliable, will not leak, so that it is guaranteed that Plasma gasification spray gun energy normal work.
In embodiment shown in the Fig. 2 of embodiment 2, a kind of Plasma gasification spray gun is main by jet-propelled negative electrode（2）、
Insulating base（1）, anode（3）With eddy flow circle（4）Composition, wherein, jet-propelled negative electrode（2）By cathode taps（2-1）, tubular body（2-
2）And follower head（2-3）Constitute, cathode taps（2-1）, tubular body（2-2）And follower head（2-3）It is connected as a single entity, wherein, cathode taps
（2-1）Front end center have puff prot（212）, in cathode taps（2-1）There is outer-hexagonal nosing on the outside of rear portion（213）, outer-hexagonal
Nosing（213）Rear end constitute sealing plane（214）, tubular body（2-2）It is connected to cathode taps（2-1）With follower head（2-3）It
Between, tubular body（2-2）Interior space constitute gas channel（Ⅰ）；Insulating base（1）For the hollow rotary structure of two sections of reducings,
Hollow path is in insulating base（1）Back segment in, hollow big footpath is in insulating base（1）Leading portion in, before hollow path section
There is interior hexagonal groove at end（1-2）, interior hexagonal groove（1-2）Foundation ring constitute sealing surface, have circular cone in the rear end of hollow path section
Sealing surface（1-6）, in insulating base（1）Hollow big footpath section front end have mounting interface（1-4）；Anode（3）By jet pipe（3-3）With
Shell（3-2）Being integrally formed structure, is made using investment casting process, jet pipe（3-3）In axially through structure, jet pipe（3-3）
There is compression duct at interior rear portion（Ⅶ）, compress duct（Ⅶ）For circular straight hole structure, duct is compressed（Ⅶ）Rear end for narrow
Bell-mouth structure of air, compresses duct（Ⅶ）Front end be flaring conical structure, compress duct（Ⅶ）The cone-shaped space of front end
Constitute spray chamber（Ⅴ）, shell（3-2）It is enclosed in jet pipe（3-3）Periphery, shell（3-2）With jet pipe（3-3）Between interior sky
Between constitute cooling jacket（Ⅵ）, cooling jacket（Ⅵ）There is coolant inlet（3-9）Access and coolant outlet（3-4）Pick out；Spray
Gas formula negative electrode（2）Installed in insulating base（1）In the hollow path of back segment, cathode taps（2-1）Outer-hexagonal nosing（213）It is embedded
To insulating base（1）Interior hexagonal groove（1-2）In, outer-hexagonal nosing（213）The sealing plane of rear end（214）It is recessed with interior hexagonal
Groove（1-2）Foundation ring sealing surface be close to, jet-propelled negative electrode（2）Tubular body（2-2）Outer wall and insulating base（1）Hollow path
Space between section inwall constitutes annular cooling chamber（Ⅱ）, annular cooling chamber（Ⅱ）There is cooling water input interface（1-5）Access and
Cooling water output interface（1-1）Pick out, jet-propelled negative electrode（2）Follower head（2-3）From insulating base（1）Rear end stretch out,
Jet-propelled negative electrode（2）Follower head（2-3）There is locking screw head in outside（233）, lock screw head（233）For external thread structure, locking
Tight screw head（233）On have locking nut（6）Locked, in locking nut（6）With insulating base（1）The conical seal surface of rear end
（1-6）Between have plain washer（8）With cone seal circle（7）, in jet-propelled negative electrode（2）Follower head（2-3）There is installation spiral shell at center
Mouthful（231）, screw socket is installed（231）For female thread structure, screw socket is installed（231）Interior space constitute connector（232）, connector
（232）Pass through gas channel（Ⅰ）It is communicated to puff prot（212）；Anode（3）Installed in insulating base（1）The mounting interface of leading portion
（1-4）On, anode（3）The outer wall and insulating base at rear portion（1）Hollow big footpath section inwall between space constitute ring-shaped air chamber
（Ⅳ）, ring-shaped air chamber（Ⅳ）There is work gas interface（1-3）Access, eddy flow circle（4）It is arranged on cathode taps（2-1）Outer-hexagonal nosing
（213）Front end and anode（3）Rear end between, in anode（3）Rear end on have eddy flow circle（4）Positioning convex（3-10）, rotation
Stream circle（4）On have tangential air drain（Ⅲ）, ring-shaped air chamber（Ⅳ）Pass through tangential air drain（Ⅲ）It is communicated to anode nozzle（3-3）Rear end
In horn mouth space；Cathode taps（2-1）Enter anode nozzle（3-3）In the horn mouth space of rear end, cathode taps（2-1）Spray
Gas port（212）Periphery constitutes discharge end（211）, anode nozzle（3-3）The horn mouth space of rear end constitutes region of discharge（Ⅷ）, compression
Duct（Ⅶ）The jet pipe of front end（3-3）Inwall constitutes discharge face（3-6）.In the present embodiment, in anode casing（3-2）Rear portion have
Screw head is installed（3-1）, anode（3）Insulating base is arranged in threaded engagement mode（1）The mounting interface of front end（1-4）On,
The shell of anode（3-2）On have electric interfaces（3-8）, pass through the shell of anode（3-2）To jet pipe（3-3）Carry out electrical communication；
The present embodiment is used for industrial harmful gas processing and steam heating is decomposed, when being handled for industrial harmful gas, industry
Pernicious gas is directly from jet-propelled negative electrode（2）Connector（232）Feeding gasification spray gun；When being decomposed for steam heating,
In jet-propelled negative electrode（2）In have separator（5）, separator（5）Front end have isolated tube（5-1）, separator（5）Rear end have water
Steam input interface（5-2）, separator（5）Installed in jet-propelled negative electrode（2）Connector（232）On, isolated tube（5-1）Stretch into
To tubular body（2-2）Interior gas channel（Ⅰ）In, in use, water vapour passes through separator（5）And isolated tube（5-1）Enter
Jet-propelled negative electrode（2）The puff prot of front end（212）, it is to avoid water vapour is in gas channel（Ⅰ）Inside it is cooled and liquefies.
This implementation is in use, the positive pole of working power is connected to the electric interfaces of anode（3-8）On, working power it is negative
Pole is connected to jet-propelled negative electrode（2）Follower head（2-3）On, the feed pipe of cooling water is connected respectively to cooling water input interface
（1-5）Upper and coolant inlet（3-9）On, the return pipe of cooling water is connected respectively to cooling water output interface（1-1）It is upper and cold
But agent is exported（3-4）On, the air supply pipe of work gas is connected to work gas interface（1-3）On, the appendix of unstripped gas is connected to
Interface（232）Go up or be connected to water vapour input interface（5-2）On.During work, cooling water enters annular cooling chamber all the way
（Ⅱ）In, to jet-propelled negative electrode（2）Cooled down, the heat of negative electrode is quickly removed by current；Another road cooling water enters
To the cooling jacket of anode（Ⅵ）In, to the jet pipe of anode（3-3）Cooled down, the heat of anode is quickly moved by current
Walk；Work gas enters ring-shaped air chamber（Ⅳ）In, then pass through tangential air drain（Ⅲ）Region of discharge is entered in swirling eddy mode
（Ⅷ）；When in anode（3）With jet-propelled negative electrode（2）Between apply electric energy when, cathode taps（2-1）Puff prot（212）Periphery is just
Launching electronics, form the plasma arc of high temperature, plasma arc is by compressing duct（Ⅶ）Enter spray chamber（Ⅴ）
In, in plasma arc by compressing duct（Ⅶ）When, electric arc is compressed, and plasma arc is further risen
Temperature, the arc root of plasma arc is respectively in cathode taps（2-1）The discharge end of front end（211）Upper and anode nozzle（3-3）Inwall
Discharge face（3-6）On, plasma flare is from anode nozzle（3-3）Interior spray chamber（Ⅴ）It is middle to spray；Discharge end（211）'s
Plasma arc arc root is distributed in cathode taps（2-1）The puff prot of front end center（212）Periphery, industrial harmful gas or water steam
Vapour is from cathode taps（2-1）The puff prot of front end center（212）Spray into region of discharge（Ⅷ）, industrial harmful gas or water vapour from etc. from
The center of daughter electric arc arc root enters the center of plasma arc so that the energy of plasma arc is concentrated and acts on work
On industry pernicious gas or water vapour, industrial harmful gas or water vapour are easier to be thermally decomposed, therefore, and heating-up temperature and heating are imitated
Rate is higher, meanwhile, industrial harmful gas or water vapour are passing through puff prot（212）When, to jet-propelled negative electrode（2）The center of front end
Airflow scouring is carried out, heat is quickly taken away, to cathode taps（2-1）Protected, prevent ablation.In said process, industry is had
Evil gas carries out high-temperature activation decomposition, atom and reconfigures and generate new innocuous substance；Or water vapour is carried out high-temperature activation
Decompose, the activity chemistry thing of generation hydrogen and oxygen, the gasifying agent gasified as coal gasification or solid organic waste substances, high-temperature plasma
Heat energy be discharged into gasification furnace there is provided to raw material stoving and pyrolysis needed for.When the present embodiment should as pyrolysis water hydrogen producer
During with or as gasification furnace equipment application, described unstripped gas is water vapour, and work gas selects hydrogen；When the present embodiment is as having
When the disposal facility of evil gas is applied, described unstripped gas is pernicious gas, and work gas selects air.
In the above embodiments, insulating base（1）Made from polytetrafluoroethylmaterial material；Jet-propelled negative electrode（2）From tungsten
Lanthanum Zirconium alloy material makes；Anode（3）Or anode nozzle（3-3）Made from chrome zirconium copper alloy material；Separator（5）And circular cone
Sealing ring（7）Made from polytetrafluoroethylmaterial material.
In embodiment shown in the Fig. 3 of embodiment 3, be on the basis of the 2nd embodiment the anode of integral structure by
Split type anode is replaced, split type anode（3）By jet pipe（3-3）Part and shell（3-2）Part is constituted, wherein,
Jet pipe（3-3）Front end outer side have tenon（3-5）And locating lugs（3-7）, shell（3-2）Front end have tenon seat, tenon seat it is straight
Footpath is equal to or slightly less than jet pipe（3-3）The tenon of front end（3-5）Diameter；Jet pipe（3-3）By shell（3-2）Rear end be embedded into
Shell（3-2）In, jet pipe（3-3）The tenon of front end（3-5）With shell（3-2）The tenon seat of front end carries out sealing cooperation, jet pipe（3-
3）The lateral surface and shell of rear end（3-2）The medial surface of rear end carries out sealing cooperation, jet pipe（3-3）The locating lugs of front end outer side
（3-7）Place restrictions on jet pipe（3-3）Deviate from forward.Other technical characteristics are identical with the 2nd embodiment, repeat no more.The present embodiment is adopted
With split type anode construction, make anode（3）Manufacture craft it is simple, be not required to make mould, only need general turning process just
It can complete, it is possible to reduce production cost.In the present embodiment, jet pipe（3-3）Part is made from chromium-zirconium-copper material, shell（3-2）
Part is made from stainless steel material, and miscellaneous part is with the 2nd embodiment.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of jet-propelled negative electrode, it is characterized in that negative electrode is by cathode taps（2-1）, tubular body（2-2）And follower head（2-3）Composition,
Wherein, cathode taps（2-1）, tubular body（2-2）And follower head（2-3）It is connected as a single entity, cathode taps（2-1）Front end center have jet
Mouthful（212）, puff prot（212）Periphery constitute discharge end（211）；Jet-propelled negative electrode is applied in Plasma gasification spray gun,
There is insulating base in Plasma gasification spray gun（1）, insulating base（1）It is hollow small for the hollow rotary structure of two sections of reducings
Footpath is in insulating base（1）Back segment in, hollow big footpath is in insulating base（1）Leading portion in, have in the front end of hollow path section in
Hexagonal groove（1-2）, interior hexagonal groove（1-2）Foundation ring constitute sealing surface, have conical seal surface in the rear end of hollow path section
（1-6）, in insulating base（1）Hollow big footpath section front end have mounting interface（1-4）；In cathode taps（2-1）Have on the outside of rear portion
Outer-hexagonal nosing（213）, outer-hexagonal nosing（213）Rear end constitute sealing plane（214）；Jet-propelled negative electrode is arranged on insulation base
Seat（1）In the hollow path of back segment, cathode taps（2-1）Outer-hexagonal nosing（213）It is embedded into insulating base（1）Interior hexagonal it is recessed
Groove（1-2）In, outer-hexagonal nosing（213）The sealing plane of rear end（214）With interior hexagonal groove（1-2）Foundation ring sealing surface it is tight
Patch, the tubular body of jet-propelled negative electrode（2-2）Outer wall and insulating base（1）Hollow path section inwall between space constitute annular
Cooling chamber（Ⅱ）；The follower head of negative electrode（2-3）Outside have locking screw head（233）, lock screw head（233）For external thread structure,
The follower head of jet-propelled negative electrode（2-3）From insulating base（1）Rear end stretch out, in the follower head of jet-propelled negative electrode（2-3）Outside
There is locking screw head（233）, lock screw head（233）For external thread structure, screw head is being locked（233）On have locking nut（6）Carry out
Locking；Follower head（2-3）Center have installation screw socket（231）, screw socket is installed（231）For female thread structure, screw socket is installed（231）
Interior space constitute connector（232）；Tubular body（2-2）It is connected to cathode taps（2-1）With follower head（2-3）Between, tubular body
（2-2）Interior space constitute gas channel（Ⅰ）；Connector（232）It is communicated to gas channel（Ⅰ）, gas channel（Ⅰ）It is communicated to spray
Gas port（212）.
2. a kind of jet-propelled negative electrode according to claim 1, it is characterized in that cathode taps（2-1）Front end be arc surface knot
Structure.
3. a kind of jet-propelled negative electrode according to claim 1, it is characterized in that follower head（2-3）Diameter be less than cathode taps
（2-1）Diameter, tubular body（2-2）Diameter be less than follower head（2-3）Diameter.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510168484.5A CN104754849B (en) | 2015-04-12 | 2015-04-12 | Jet-propelled negative electrode |
| CN201710446654.0A CN107072027B (en) | 2015-04-12 | 2015-04-12 | Plasma gasification spray gun |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510168484.5A CN104754849B (en) | 2015-04-12 | 2015-04-12 | Jet-propelled negative electrode |
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| CN201710446654.0A Division CN107072027B (en) | 2015-04-12 | 2015-04-12 | Plasma gasification spray gun |
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| CN109714850A (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-05-03 | 西安航天动力研究所 | It is a kind of for generating the high efficiency method of clean high temperature air |
| CN110302909B (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2024-03-15 | 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 | High-power hot cathode supersonic plasma spraying gun |
| CN110591418A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2019-12-20 | 中昊黑元化工研究设计院有限公司 | Equipment and method for preparing carbon black by plasma countercurrent cracking of gaseous hydrocarbon |
| CN111114934B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2022-08-05 | 深圳市宇道机电技术有限公司 | Automatic paste machine in |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4649257A (en) * | 1986-05-06 | 1987-03-10 | The Perkin-Elmer Corporation | Gas distribution ring for plasma gun |
| DE102008062731C5 (en) * | 2008-12-18 | 2012-06-14 | Kjellberg Finsterwalde Plasma Und Maschinen Gmbh | Electrode for a plasma torch |
| DE102011053106B4 (en) * | 2011-02-25 | 2016-03-24 | Industrieanlagen-Betriebsgesellschaft Mbh | Plasma torch and method for machining workpieces |
| GB201106314D0 (en) * | 2011-04-14 | 2011-06-01 | Edwards Ltd | Plasma torch |
| CN202310265U (en) * | 2011-09-28 | 2012-07-04 | 南京创能电力科技开发有限公司 | Cyclone type low temperature plasma generator |
| CN203827593U (en) * | 2014-04-27 | 2014-09-10 | 衢州昀睿工业设计有限公司 | Plasma torch used for dielectric heating |
| CN203827594U (en) * | 2014-05-10 | 2014-09-10 | 衢州昀睿工业设计有限公司 | Rotary cathode possessing cooling rib rings |
| CN103987183B (en) * | 2014-06-01 | 2016-08-17 | 衢州昀睿工业设计有限公司 | A kind of plasma heating decomposer |
| CN104333969A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-02-04 | 周开根 | Composite cathode for plasma spray gun |
| CN204244556U (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2015-04-01 | 四川大学 | A kind of laminar flow plasma rifle body for duct inwall process |
| CN104378901B (en) * | 2014-11-01 | 2016-08-17 | 衢州昀睿工业设计有限公司 | A kind of two stage electric arc plasma torch |
| CN104470187B (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2016-10-05 | 衢州昀睿工业设计有限公司 | A kind of two stage electric arc plasma torch for being pyrolyzed water |
| CN204442820U (en) * | 2015-04-12 | 2015-07-01 | 衢州迪升工业设计有限公司 | A kind of jet-propelled negative electrode |
| CN204442819U (en) * | 2015-04-12 | 2015-07-01 | 衢州迪升工业设计有限公司 | A kind of Plasma gasification spray gun |
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| CN107072027A (en) | 2017-08-18 |
| CN107072027B (en) | 2019-05-21 |
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