EP2208938B1 - Device for burning solid fuel - Google Patents

Device for burning solid fuel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2208938B1
EP2208938B1 EP10000254.2A EP10000254A EP2208938B1 EP 2208938 B1 EP2208938 B1 EP 2208938B1 EP 10000254 A EP10000254 A EP 10000254A EP 2208938 B1 EP2208938 B1 EP 2208938B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
combustion
operating parameters
adjustment apparatus
control module
exhaust gas
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EP10000254.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2208938A3 (en
EP2208938A2 (en
Inventor
V. Schmatloch
Rainer Svajda
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Spartherm Feuerungstechnik GmbH
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Spartherm Feuerungstechnik GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B5/00—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges
    • F24B5/02—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves
    • F24B5/021—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves combustion-air circulation
    • F24B5/026—Supply of primary and secondary air for combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
    • F23N3/005—Regulating air supply or draught using electrical or electromechanical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
    • F23N5/006—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties the detector being sensitive to oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/26—Measuring humidity
    • F23N2225/30—Measuring humidity measuring lambda
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
    • F23N3/04—Regulating air supply or draught by operation of single valves or dampers by temperature sensitive elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for burning solid fuels, in particular a fireplace or tiled stove, fireplace insert or the like, with a combustion chamber connected to a combustion air connection and an exhaust gas duct, the combustion air connection being designed to supply primary and secondary combustion air into the combustion chamber.
  • a device for recording operating parameters of the combustion process is provided and the combustion air supply can be changed as a function of the recorded operating parameters of the combustion process, the device for recording operating parameters of the combustion process being designed as a control module and having a motor-operated setting device for changing the combustion air supply that can be controlled by the control module is connected and the primary and the secondary combustion air supply in each case as a function of the detected operating parameters of the combustion p Process can be controlled by the setting device via the control module.
  • Firing systems such as fireplaces, tiled stoves, stoves or the like are usually fired in batches with fuels such as wood in lumpy or pressed form, straw or other renewable fuels or also with coal fuels. Firing systems operated with biomass, i.e. primarily with wood, make the greatest contribution to the use of renewable energies. For this reason and also because of the improvement in the security of heat supply in private households that can be achieved with this, such firing systems or devices for burning solid fuels are enjoying increasing popularity.
  • Such devices are provided as individual fireplaces in which the combustion takes place without fan support and the combustion air supply and the exhaust gas discharge are accomplished using the natural chimney draft.
  • Such fireplaces can advantageously be operated without auxiliary electrical energy.
  • Batch-loaded devices for burning solid fuels do not usually give off the heat uniformly over a long period of time, but instead generate a large amount of heat for a limited period of time after a burning-on phase with rather weak heat emission.
  • This phase is followed by a burnout phase, during which the heat output gradually decreases.
  • the temperature in the fuel ember bed can vary and moreover in accordance with the combustion rate and thus with the generation of heat also the exhaust gas temperature.
  • the ember bed temperature is, however, a decisive factor for the quality of the combustion. Too low temperatures in the material bed lead to incomplete combustion and thus to increased emissions of carbon monoxide and burned hydrocarbons or soot. In addition to the harmful effects of such exhaust gases, the incomplete use of the fuel is another undesirable effect.
  • combustion temperatures are advantageous for complete combustion and thus optimal use of the chemical energy stored in the fuel.
  • combustion temperatures that are too high lead to thermal nitrogen oxide formation, ie to a conversion of the nitrogen contained in the combustion air to nitrogen oxides.
  • the ember bed temperature should not exceed a certain maximum value.
  • the course of the exhaust gas temperature reflects the progress of the burnup.
  • the increased temperature of the exhaust gas is the cause of the chimney draft and thus provides the drive for the combustion air and exhaust gas delivery.
  • After burning it is important to reach sufficiently high temperatures as quickly as possible. On the one hand, this is important in order to keep the start phase with low combustion temperatures and thus the risk of incomplete combustion as low as possible.
  • a chimney draft sufficient for good combustion only occurs when the exhaust gas temperature is sufficiently high.
  • From the EP 1 832 813 A2 describes a supply air control device for primary air and / or secondary air for a furnace, in which supply air is introduced into the supply air control device via an air supply opening and the supply air can be discharged as primary air from the supply air control device via a primary air opening.
  • Supply air can be discharged as secondary air from the supply air control device via a secondary air opening.
  • the corresponding outlets are arranged one behind the other, so that this device has a correspondingly large construction. This is a disadvantage.
  • a device for regulating the combustion air supply for the combustion chamber of a furnace is known with a closing element controlling the air supply and a lambda probe arranged in the combustion gas path of the furnace. Furthermore, a temperature sensor is provided so that the closure member in the air supply channel can be actuated via a control device in dependence on the values of the temperature sensor and the lambda probe, in order to supply an optimal amount of combustion air.
  • a primary air supply and a secondary air supply are arranged in dependence on the values of the temperature sensor and the lambda probe.
  • the device of the type mentioned is characterized by the features specified in claim 1.
  • This provides a device for burning solid fuels, with which the combustion quality as well as the pollutant emission and the utilization of the fuel can be significantly improved by the operator no longer having to make manual settings at the furnace, but via the device for Detection of operating parameters combustion-specific values such as the exhaust gas temperature and / or the ember bed temperature and / or the stoichiometric air ratio in the exhaust gas or other values to be determined and implemented by the control module in automatic mode for controlling the motor-operated setting device. Corresponding setpoints can be specified here, which are compared with the actual values supplied by the device for recording operating parameters, so that the combustion air supply, specifically both the primary and the secondary, can be controlled accordingly.
  • the invention provides that a manually operated adjusting lever is additionally provided, with which the user operates in a conventional manner can influence the combustion process by manually operating the adjusting device. This is particularly important if, for example, there is a power failure, after which the combustion air supply can then be controlled by means of the manual control lever.
  • the control lever serves as a display device for the respective setting of the combustion air and thus enables the operator to monitor the function of the automatic combustion air setting. It is also possible to take into account, for example, the opening of a combustion chamber door for the automatic combustion air setting or to process that fuel is added.
  • the combustion chamber of the device for the combustion of solid fuels (combustion system), to which a combustion air duct 2 is assigned, is generally designated by 1.
  • the combustion chamber is connected to an exhaust gas duct 3.
  • the combustion air duct 2, which has a combustion air collector 7, has a primary air duct 20 with a primary air flap 4 and a primary air flap driver 5 assigned to the primary air flap 4.
  • the combustion air duct 2 is connected to a secondary air duct 21 and a secondary air inlet 19.
  • the primary air inlet is identified by reference number 18.
  • a primary air actuator 22 is provided, which can be controlled by a control module 17.
  • the secondary air duct 21 is preceded by a secondary air actuator 23, which is also to be controlled by the control module 17.
  • FIG. 1 A special feature is in Fig. 1 shown an embodiment in which the combustion air actuator are mechanically coupled to each other in the primary and secondary air.
  • the combustion air supply into the combustion chamber 1 is to be changed by a setting device 8 (combustion air metering device) which can be actuated by a motor, preferably an electric motor.
  • this adjusting device can be designed as a turntable that can be rotated by an electric motor.
  • the turntable is equipped with open segments and opens or closes channels for the entire combustion air depending on the angular position.
  • the branching in primary and secondary air is only in the direction of flow behind this combustion air metering device 8.
  • the turntable of the combustion air metering device is equipped with a primary air valve driver 6, via which the primary air valve is pivoted depending on the position of the turntable 8 and thus the path for the primary air is opened or closed becomes. In this way, the optimal ratio of primary and secondary air can be set with just one movement.
  • the combustion chamber door of the combustion chamber 1 bears the reference number 9.
  • a servomotor 10 is provided in the above-mentioned exemplary embodiments, which is fixed to brackets 11.1 and 11.2.
  • an adjusting lever 13 which serves as a position indicator for the adjusting device 8 in the automatic operating mode.
  • an exhaust gas temperature sensor 14 In order to record various combustion-specific parameters, an exhaust gas temperature sensor 14, an exhaust gas sensor 15 (e.g. a lambda probe) and an ember bed temperature sensor 16 as well as a door sensor 25 are provided. These are all connected to the control module 17, which contains the device for recording operating parameters of the combustion process.
  • control air supply is controlled by the control module on the basis of predefinable setpoints via the setting device 8, both for the supply of primary combustion air and for the supply of secondary combustion air for the afterburning, so that overall a uniform combustion process is to be represented without the user being able to act on the combustion air supply, which eliminates the well-known risks of incorrect operation.
  • he can of course then change the combustion air supply via the control lever. It is also possible to change an operating state to manual operation via the control module.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Vorrichtung zum Verbrennen von festen Brennstoffen, insbesondere einen Kamin- oder Kachelofen, Kamineinsatz oder dergleichen, mit einem an einen Verbrennungsluftanschluss sowie eine Abgasführung angeschlossenen Brennraum, wobei der Verbrennungsluftanschluss zur Zuführung von primärer und sekundärer Verbrennungsluft in den Brennraum ausgebildet, eine Einrichtung zur Erfassung von Betriebsparametern des Verbrennungsprozesses vorgesehen und die Verbrennungsluftzufuhr in Abhängigkeit der erfassten Betriebsparameter des Verbrennungsprozesses veränderbar ist, wobei die Einrichtung zur Erfassung von Betriebsparametern des Verbrennungsprozesses als Steuermodul ausgebildet ist und mit einer motorisch betätigbaren, von dem Steuermodul regelbaren Einstellvorrichtung zur Veränderung der Verbrennungsluftzufuhr verbunden ist und die primäre und die sekundäre Verbrennungsluftzufuhr jeweils in Abhängigkeit der erfassten Betriebsparameter des Verbrennungsprozesses über das Steuermodul von der Einstellvorrichtung steuerbar sind.The invention relates to a device for burning solid fuels, in particular a fireplace or tiled stove, fireplace insert or the like, with a combustion chamber connected to a combustion air connection and an exhaust gas duct, the combustion air connection being designed to supply primary and secondary combustion air into the combustion chamber. A device for recording operating parameters of the combustion process is provided and the combustion air supply can be changed as a function of the recorded operating parameters of the combustion process, the device for recording operating parameters of the combustion process being designed as a control module and having a motor-operated setting device for changing the combustion air supply that can be controlled by the control module is connected and the primary and the secondary combustion air supply in each case as a function of the detected operating parameters of the combustion p Process can be controlled by the setting device via the control module.

Feuerungsanlagen wie Kaminanlagen, Kachelöfen, Kaminöfen oder dergleichen werden meist chargenweise mit Brennstoffen wie Holz in stückiger oder gepresster Form, Stroh oder anderen nachwachsenden Brennstoffen oder auch mit Kohlebrennstoffen befeuert. Mit Biomasse, also vorwiegend mit Holz, betriebene Feuerungsanlagen leisten den größten Beitrag zur Nutzung regenerativer Energien. Aus diesem Grunde und auch aufgrund der damit erreichbaren Verbesserung der Wärmeversorgungssicherheit in Privathaushalten erfreuen sich solche Feuerungsanlagen bzw. Vorrichtung zum Verbrennen von festen Brennstoffen zunehmender Beliebtheit.Firing systems such as fireplaces, tiled stoves, stoves or the like are usually fired in batches with fuels such as wood in lumpy or pressed form, straw or other renewable fuels or also with coal fuels. Firing systems operated with biomass, i.e. primarily with wood, make the greatest contribution to the use of renewable energies. For this reason and also because of the improvement in the security of heat supply in private households that can be achieved with this, such firing systems or devices for burning solid fuels are enjoying increasing popularity.

In vielen Anwendungsfällen werden solche Vorrichtungen als Einzelfeuerstätten vorgesehen, bei denen die Verbrennung ohne Gebläseunterstützung abläuft und die Verbrennungsluftzufuhr und die Abgasableitung mithilfe des natürlichen Schornsteinzuges bewerkstelligt wird. Solche Feuerstätten können vorteilhafterweise ohne elektrische Hilfsenergie betrieben werden.In many applications, such devices are provided as individual fireplaces in which the combustion takes place without fan support and the combustion air supply and the exhaust gas discharge are accomplished using the natural chimney draft. Such fireplaces can advantageously be operated without auxiliary electrical energy.

Insbesondere chargenweise beschickte Vorrichtungen zum Verbrennen von festen Brennstoffen geben die Wärme üblicherweise nicht gleichmäßig über eine längere Zeit ab, sondern erzeugen nach einer Anbrennphase mit eher schwacher Wärmeabgabe während einer begrenzten Zeitspanne eine hohe Wärmemenge. Dieser Phase folgt eine Ausbrandphase, während der die Wärmeabgabe allmählich abnimmt. Entsprechend der Verbrennungsgeschwindigkeit und damit entsprechend der Wärmeerzeugung kann die Temperatur im Brennstoffglutbett variieren und darüber hinaus auch die Abgastemperatur. Die Glutbetttemperatur ist allerdings ein entscheidender Faktor für die Verbrennungsqualität. Zu geringe Temperaturen im Gutbett führen zu unvollständiger Verbrennung und damit zu erhöhten Emissionen an Kohlenmonoxid und verbrannten Kohlewasserstoffen oder auch Ruß. Neben der schädlichen Wirkung solcher Abgase tritt als weiterer unerwünschter Effekt die unvollständige Ausnutzung des Brennstoffes hinzu. Zwar sind hohe Verbrennungstemperaturen für eine vollständige Verbrennung und damit optimale Ausnutzung der im Brennstoff gespeicherten chemischen Energie vorteilhaft. Allerdings führen zu hohe Verbrennungstemperaturen zu thermischer Stickoxidbildung, d.h. zu einer Umwandlung des in der Verbrennungsluft enthaltenen Stickstoffs zu Stickstoffoxiden. Um diesen Schadstoff zu vermeiden, sollte die Glutbetttemperatur einen bestimmten Maximalwert nicht überschreiten.Batch-loaded devices for burning solid fuels, in particular, do not usually give off the heat uniformly over a long period of time, but instead generate a large amount of heat for a limited period of time after a burning-on phase with rather weak heat emission. This phase is followed by a burnout phase, during which the heat output gradually decreases. The temperature in the fuel ember bed can vary and moreover in accordance with the combustion rate and thus with the generation of heat also the exhaust gas temperature. The ember bed temperature is, however, a decisive factor for the quality of the combustion. Too low temperatures in the material bed lead to incomplete combustion and thus to increased emissions of carbon monoxide and burned hydrocarbons or soot. In addition to the harmful effects of such exhaust gases, the incomplete use of the fuel is another undesirable effect. High combustion temperatures are advantageous for complete combustion and thus optimal use of the chemical energy stored in the fuel. However, combustion temperatures that are too high lead to thermal nitrogen oxide formation, ie to a conversion of the nitrogen contained in the combustion air to nitrogen oxides. To avoid this pollutant, the ember bed temperature should not exceed a certain maximum value.

Der Verlauf der Abgastemperatur spiegelt den Fortschritt des Abbrandes wieder. Andererseits ist die erhöhte Temperatur des Abgases ursächlich für den Schornsteinzug und stellt damit den Antrieb für die Verbrennungsluft- und Abgasförderung zur Verfügung. Nach dem Anbrennen ist es wichtig, möglichst rasch ausreichend hohe Temperaturen zu erreichen. Dies ist einerseits wichtig, um die Startphase mit geringen Verbrennungstemperaturen und damit die Gefahr einer unvollständigen Verbrennung möglichst gering zu halten. Andererseits stellt sich erst bei ausreichend hoher Abgastemperatur ein für eine gute Verbrennung ausreichender Schornsteinzug ein.The course of the exhaust gas temperature reflects the progress of the burnup. On the other hand, the increased temperature of the exhaust gas is the cause of the chimney draft and thus provides the drive for the combustion air and exhaust gas delivery. After burning, it is important to reach sufficiently high temperatures as quickly as possible. On the one hand, this is important in order to keep the start phase with low combustion temperatures and thus the risk of incomplete combustion as low as possible. On the other hand, a chimney draft sufficient for good combustion only occurs when the exhaust gas temperature is sufficiently high.

In der Hauptbrandphase steigen die Abgastemperaturen je nach Bauweise der Feuerstätte erheblich an. Dadurch wird die Luftzufuhr in den Brennraum weiter erhöht und führt zu einer noch schnelleren Verbrennung mit entsprechend noch höherer Wärmeerzeugung. Auf diese Weise können Verhältnisse entstehen, die zu einem immer stärkeren Entfachen des Feuers führen, wodurch der Brennstoff unter kurzzeitig sehr hoher Wärmeabgabe in kurzer Zeit abbrennt.In the main fire phase, the exhaust gas temperatures rise significantly depending on the design of the fireplace. As a result, the air supply to the combustion chamber is increased further and leads to an even faster combustion with a correspondingly higher heat generation. In this way, conditions can arise which lead to an ever greater ignition of the fire, as a result of which the fuel burns off in a short time with very high heat emission for a short time.

Um auf diese verschiedenen Verbrennungsphasen einzuwirken, wäre es erforderlich, dass eine Bedienperson auf den Verbrennungsprozess in geeigneter Weise einwirkt, was jedoch bei bislang bekannten Feuerungsanlagen nicht in optimaler Weise durchgeführt werden kann. Bei bekannten Vorrichtungen zum Verbrennen von festen Brennstoffen sind in der Regel Einstellmöglichkeiten vorgesehen, um den Querschnitt der Verbrennungsluftzuführung zu verkleinern. Darüber hinaus ist bekannt eine gestufte Verbrennungsluftzufuhr vorgesehen, mit denen ein Teil der Verbrennungsluft als Primärluft direkt in das Glutbett eingedüst wird und ein anderer Teil als Sekundärluft oberhalb des Glutbettes zugeführt wird, um diese Sekundärluft mit den Verbrennungsgasen zu vermischen und dadurch eine vollständige Nachverbrennung sowie eine verbesserte Verbrennungsgüte zu erreichen, wodurch auch die Schadstoffemission zu verringern sind.In order to act on these different combustion phases, it would be necessary for an operator to act on the combustion process in a suitable manner, but this cannot be carried out in an optimal manner in previously known combustion plants. In known devices for burning solid fuels, setting options are generally provided in order to reduce the cross section of the combustion air supply. In addition, a staged combustion air supply is known, with which part of the combustion air is injected directly into the ember bed as primary air and another part is supplied as secondary air above the ember bed in order to mix this secondary air with the combustion gases and thereby complete post-combustion and one to achieve improved combustion quality, which also reduces pollutant emissions.

Solche Einstelleinrichtungen werden üblicherweise von Hand betätigt und sind somit während des Abbrandes von der Bedienperson jeweils passend zur Abbrandphase einzustellen. Dies ist von einer ungeübten Bedienperson jedoch nicht zu vollziehen.Such setting devices are usually operated by hand and are therefore to be adjusted by the operator to match the burn-up phase during the burn-up. However, this is not possible for an inexperienced operator.

Aus der EP 1 832 813 A2 ist eine Zuluftsteuervorrichtung für Primärluft und/oder Sekundärluft für einen Brennofen beschrieben, bei der über eine Luftzuführöffnung Zuluft in die Zuluftsteuervorrichtung eingeleitet wird und über eine Primärluftöffnung die Zuluft als Primärluft aus der Zuluftsteuervorrichtung ausgeleitet werden kann. Über eine Sekundärluftöffnung kann Zuluft als Sekundärluft aus der Zuluftsteuervorrichtung ausgeleitet werden. Hier sind die entsprechenden Ausläufe hintereinander angeordnet, so dass diese Vorrichtung entsprechend groß baut. Dies ist nachteilig.From the EP 1 832 813 A2 describes a supply air control device for primary air and / or secondary air for a furnace, in which supply air is introduced into the supply air control device via an air supply opening and the supply air can be discharged as primary air from the supply air control device via a primary air opening. Supply air can be discharged as secondary air from the supply air control device via a secondary air opening. Here the corresponding outlets are arranged one behind the other, so that this device has a correspondingly large construction. This is a disadvantage.

Eine ähnliche Lösung ist auch aus der WO 99/64789 A1 bekannt, bei der in einer Wandung eine Steuerklappe für Sekundärluft vorgesehen ist, über die wahlweise Luft zu einer Primärluftöffnung als auch zu einem Sekundärluftkanal zu führen ist. Dabei kann die Sekundärluft allerdings auch nur von oben in den Brennraum eingeführt werden.A similar solution is also out of the WO 99/64789 A1 is known in which a control flap for secondary air is provided in a wall, via which air can optionally be routed to a primary air opening and also to a secondary air duct. However, the secondary air can only be introduced into the combustion chamber from above.

Aus der EP 0 604 388 A1 ist eine Vorrichtung zur Regelung der Verbrennungsluftzufuhr für den Brennraum eines Ofens bekannt mit einem die Luftzuführung beherrschenden Verschlussorgan und einer im Verbrennungsgasweg des Ofens angeordneten Lambdasonde. Des Weiteren ist ein Temperaturfühler vorgesehen, so dass über eine Steuereinrichtung in Abhängigkeit der Werte des Temperaturfühlers und der Lambdasonde das Verschlussorgan in dem Luftzuführungskanal betätigt werden kann, um eine optimale Menge an Verbrennungsluft zuzuführen. Hierbei wird jedoch nicht zwischen einer Primärluftzuführung und einer Sekundärluftzuführung unterschieden.From the EP 0 604 388 A1 A device for regulating the combustion air supply for the combustion chamber of a furnace is known with a closing element controlling the air supply and a lambda probe arranged in the combustion gas path of the furnace. Furthermore, a temperature sensor is provided so that the closure member in the air supply channel can be actuated via a control device in dependence on the values of the temperature sensor and the lambda probe, in order to supply an optimal amount of combustion air. However, no distinction is made here between a primary air supply and a secondary air supply.

Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Vorrichtung zum Verbrennen von festen Brennstoffen zur Verfügung zu stellen, mit der eine Vergleichmäßigung des Verbrennungsvorganges während der Verbrennung mit einfachen baulichen Mitteln vorzusehen ist.It is an object of the present invention to provide a device for burning solid fuels, with which the combustion process can be made more uniform during the combustion by simple constructional means.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe zeichnet sich die Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art durch die im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmale aus.To solve this problem, the device of the type mentioned is characterized by the features specified in claim 1.

Damit ist eine Vorrichtung zum Verbrennen von festen Brennstoffen zur Verfügung gestellt, mit der sowohl die Verbrennungsqualität als auch die Schadstoffemission und die Ausnutzung des Brennstoffes wesentlich zu verbessern sind, indem der Betreiber nicht mehr manuell Einstellungen an der Feuerungsstätte vornehmen muss, sondern über die Einrichtung zur Erfassung von Betriebsparametern verbrennungsspezifische Werte wie die Abgastemperatur und/oder die Glutbetttemperatur und/oder das stöchiometrische Luftverhältnis im Abgas oder sonstige Werte zu ermitteln und für eine Steuerung der motorisch betätigbaren Einstellvorrichtung von dem Steuermodul im Automatikbetrieb umzusetzen sind. Hierbei können entsprechende Sollwerte vorgegeben werden, die mit den von der Einrichtung zur Erfassung von Betriebsparametern gelieferten Ist-Werten verglichen werden, so dass die Verbrennungsluftzufuhr, und zwar sowohl die primäre als auch die sekundäre entsprechend gesteuert werden kann.This provides a device for burning solid fuels, with which the combustion quality as well as the pollutant emission and the utilization of the fuel can be significantly improved by the operator no longer having to make manual settings at the furnace, but via the device for Detection of operating parameters combustion-specific values such as the exhaust gas temperature and / or the ember bed temperature and / or the stoichiometric air ratio in the exhaust gas or other values to be determined and implemented by the control module in automatic mode for controlling the motor-operated setting device. Corresponding setpoints can be specified here, which are compared with the actual values supplied by the device for recording operating parameters, so that the combustion air supply, specifically both the primary and the secondary, can be controlled accordingly.

Darüber hinaus sieht die Erfindung vor, dass zusätzlich ein manuell bedienbarer Stellhebel vorgesehen ist, mit dem auf herkömmliche Art und Weise der Benutzer auf den Verbrennungsvorgang Einwirkung nehmen kann, indem er die Einstellvorrichtung manuell betätigt. Dies ist insbesondere auch dann wichtig, wenn beispielsweise ein Stromausfall vorliegt, wonach dann mittels des manuellen Stellhebels die Verbrennungsluftzufuhr gesteuert werden kann. Im automatischen Betrieb dient der Stellhebel als Anzeigevorrichtung für die jeweilige Einstellung der Verbrennungsluft und ermöglicht dem Betreiber somit die Funktion der automatischen Verbrennungslufteinstellung zu überwachen. Es ist zudem möglich, für die automatische Verbrennungslufteinstellung z.B. auch das Öffnen einer Brennraumtür zu berücksichtigen oder auch zu verarbeiten, dass Brennstoff nachgelegt wird.In addition, the invention provides that a manually operated adjusting lever is additionally provided, with which the user operates in a conventional manner can influence the combustion process by manually operating the adjusting device. This is particularly important if, for example, there is a power failure, after which the combustion air supply can then be controlled by means of the manual control lever. In automatic operation, the control lever serves as a display device for the respective setting of the combustion air and thus enables the operator to monitor the function of the automatic combustion air setting. It is also possible to take into account, for example, the opening of a combustion chamber door for the automatic combustion air setting or to process that fuel is added.

Durch die vorgesehene Drehscheibe mit ihren Luftöffnungen, an die sich sowohl der Primärluftkanal als auch der Sekundärluftkanal anschließen, ist mit einfachen baulichen Mitteln der Benutzerkomfort erheblich verbessert.The intended turntable with its air openings, to which both the primary air duct and the secondary air duct are connected, the user comfort is considerably improved with simple structural means.

Insbesondere wird durch die Erfindung der Benutzerkomfort erheblich verbessert. Eine lange gleichmäßige Wärmeabgabe kann sichergestellt werden und darüber hinaus kann eine erhebliche Wirkungsgradverbesserung erreicht werden, so dass eine bessere Wirtschaftlichkeit vorliegt, eine erhöhte Schadstoffemission vermieden wird und darüber hinaus auch Bedienfehler ausgeschlossen werden können, die zu einer Überhitzung, einer Scheibenverrußung, einer Schornsteinversottung, einer Brennstoffverschwendung und zu hohen Emissionen führen können.In particular, user comfort is significantly improved by the invention. A long, uniform heat emission can be ensured and, in addition, a significant improvement in efficiency can be achieved, so that there is better economy, an increased pollutant emission is avoided and, furthermore, operating errors can be excluded, which lead to overheating, sooting, chimney sooting, etc. Waste of fuel and high emissions can result.

Wesentliche weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Patentansprüchen 2 bis 18 angegeben.Essential further advantageous refinements of the invention are specified in claims 2 to 18.

Zur weiteren Erläuterung der Erfindung wird auf die nachfolgende Beschreibung und die Zeichnung verwiesen. In der Zeichnung zeigen:

Fig. 1
in einer Seitenansicht ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer Vorrichtung zum Verbrennen von festen Brennstoffen,
Fig. 2
ein analoges Ausführungsbeispiel zu Fig. 1 als Prinzipdarstellung, und
Fig. 3
ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer Einstellvorrichtung zur Veränderung der Verbrennungsluftzufuhr.
To further explain the invention, reference is made to the following description and the drawing. The drawing shows:
Fig. 1
a side view of an embodiment of a device for burning solid fuels,
Fig. 2
an analog embodiment Fig. 1 as a schematic diagram, and
Fig. 3
an embodiment of an adjusting device for changing the combustion air supply.

In der Zeichnung sind grundsätzlich gleichwirkende Teile mit übereinstimmenden Bezugsziffern versehen.In the drawing, parts that have the same effect are generally provided with the same reference numbers.

Allgemein mit 1 ist der Brennraum der Vorrichtung zur Verbrennung von festen Brennstoffen (Feuerungsanlage) beziffert, dem ein Verbrennungsluftkanal 2 zugeordnet ist. Darüber hinaus ist der Brennraum an eine Abgasführung 3 angeschlossen. Der Verbrennungsluftkanal 2, der einen Verbrennungsluftsammler 7 aufweist, hat einen Primärluftkanal 20 mit einer Primärluftklappe 4 und einen der Primärluftklappe 4 zugeordneten Primärluftklappenmitnehmer 5. Darüber hinaus ist der Verbrennungsluftkanal 2 mit einem Sekundärluftkanal 21 und einem Sekundärlufteinlass 19 verbunden. Der Primärlufteinlass ist mit der Bezugsziffer 18 gekennzeichnet. Zwischen dem Verbrennungsluftkanal 2 und dem Primärluftkanal 20 ist ein Primärluftstellglied 22 vorgesehen, welches von einem Steuermodul 17 angesteuert werden kann. Dem Sekundärluftkanal 21 ist ein Sekundärluftstellglied 23 vorgeordnet, das ebenfalls von dem Steuermodul 17 anzusteuern ist.The combustion chamber of the device for the combustion of solid fuels (combustion system), to which a combustion air duct 2 is assigned, is generally designated by 1. In addition, the combustion chamber is connected to an exhaust gas duct 3. The combustion air duct 2, which has a combustion air collector 7, has a primary air duct 20 with a primary air flap 4 and a primary air flap driver 5 assigned to the primary air flap 4. In addition, the combustion air duct 2 is connected to a secondary air duct 21 and a secondary air inlet 19. The primary air inlet is identified by reference number 18. Between the combustion air duct 2 and the primary air duct 20, a primary air actuator 22 is provided, which can be controlled by a control module 17. The secondary air duct 21 is preceded by a secondary air actuator 23, which is also to be controlled by the control module 17.

Als Besonderheit ist in Fig. 1 eine Ausführung gezeigt, bei der Primär- und Sekundärluft das Verbrennungsluftstellglied miteinander mechanisch gekoppelt sind. Die Verbrennungsluftzufuhr in den Brennraum 1 ist von einer motorisch, vorzugsweise elektromotorisch betätigbaren Einstellvorrichtung 8 (Verbrennungsluftdosierer) zu verändern. Wie im Einzelnen näher Fig. 3 zu entnehmen ist, kann diese Einstellvorrichtung als Drehscheibe ausgebildet sein, die von einem Elektromotor zu verdrehen ist. Die Drehscheibe ist mit geöffneten Segmenten ausgestattet und öffnet oder schließt je nach Winkelposition Kanäle für die gesamte Verbrennungsluft. Die Verzweigung in Primär- und Sekundärluft liegt erst in Strömungsrichtung hinter diesem Verbrennungsluftdosierer 8. Die Drehscheibe des Verbrennungsluftdosierers ist mit einem Primärluftklappenmitnehmer 6 ausgestattet, über den die Primärluftklappe in Abhängigkeit der Stellung der Drehscheibe 8 verschwenkt wird und somit der Weg für die Primärluft geöffnet oder geschlossen wird. Auf diese Weise kann das optimale Verhältnis von Primär- und Sekundärluft mit nur einer Bewegung eingestellt werden.A special feature is in Fig. 1 shown an embodiment in which the combustion air actuator are mechanically coupled to each other in the primary and secondary air. The combustion air supply into the combustion chamber 1 is to be changed by a setting device 8 (combustion air metering device) which can be actuated by a motor, preferably an electric motor. As in more detail Fig. 3 can be seen, this adjusting device can be designed as a turntable that can be rotated by an electric motor. The turntable is equipped with open segments and opens or closes channels for the entire combustion air depending on the angular position. The branching in primary and secondary air is only in the direction of flow behind this combustion air metering device 8. The turntable of the combustion air metering device is equipped with a primary air valve driver 6, via which the primary air valve is pivoted depending on the position of the turntable 8 and thus the path for the primary air is opened or closed becomes. In this way, the optimal ratio of primary and secondary air can be set with just one movement.

Die Brennraumtür des Brennraumes 1 trägt die Bezugsziffer 9. Zur motorischen Betätigung der Einstellvorrichtung 8 zur Veränderung der Verbrennungsluftzufuhr ist in den genannten Ausführungsbeispielen ein Stellmotor 10 vorgesehen, der an Halterungen 11.1 und 11.2 festgelegt ist.The combustion chamber door of the combustion chamber 1 bears the reference number 9. For the motorized actuation of the adjusting device 8 for changing the combustion air supply, a servomotor 10 is provided in the above-mentioned exemplary embodiments, which is fixed to brackets 11.1 and 11.2.

Um auch noch manuell auf die Verbrennungsluft einwirken zu können, ist ein Stellhebel 13 vorgesehen, der im automatischen Betriebsmodus als Positionsanzeige für die Einstellvorrichtung 8 dient.In order to be able to also act manually on the combustion air, an adjusting lever 13 is provided which serves as a position indicator for the adjusting device 8 in the automatic operating mode.

Nicht näher dargestellt sind magnetische Kupplungen und ein Permanentmagnet, die so zu betätigen sind, wie dies in den Ansprüchen 6 und 7 angegeben ist. Um verschiedene verbrennungsspezifische Parameter zu erfassen, ist ein Abgastemperatursensor 14, ein Abgassensor 15 (z.B. eine Lambda-Sonde) und ein Glutbetttemperatursensor 16 sowie ein Türsensor 25 vorgesehen. Diese sind alle mit dem Steuermodul 17, dass die Einrichtung zur Erfassung von Betriebsparametern des Verbrennungsprozesses beinhaltet, verbunden.Magnetic clutches and a permanent magnet, which are to be actuated as specified in claims 6 and 7, are not shown in more detail. In order to record various combustion-specific parameters, an exhaust gas temperature sensor 14, an exhaust gas sensor 15 (e.g. a lambda probe) and an ember bed temperature sensor 16 as well as a door sensor 25 are provided. These are all connected to the control module 17, which contains the device for recording operating parameters of the combustion process.

Im Rahmen der Erfindung ist es selbstverständlich auch möglich, auf einzelne solcher Sensoren zu verzichten, und auch weniger Betriebsparameter zu verarbeiten.Within the scope of the invention it is of course also possible to dispense with individual sensors of this type and also to process fewer operating parameters.

Aufgrund der erfassten Betriebsparameter des Verbrennungsprozesses wird von dem Steuermodul anhand vorgebbarer Sollwerte die Verbrennungsluftzufuhr über die Einstellvorrichtung 8 gesteuert, und zwar sowohl für die Zuführung von primärer Verbrennungsluft als auch für die Zuführung von sekundärer Verbrennungsluft für die Nachverbrennung, so dass insgesamt ein vergleichmäßigter Verbrennungsprozess darzustellen ist, ohne dass der Benutzer auf die Verbrennungsluftzufuhr einwirken kann, womit die wohlbekannten Risiken einer Fehlbedienung ausgeschlossen werden können. Im Störfall kann er selbstverständlich über den Stellhebel die Verbrennungsluftzufuhr dann seinerseits verändern. Ebenfalls ist es möglich, über das Steuermodul einen Betriebszustand auf den manuellen Betrieb umzustellen.On the basis of the recorded operating parameters of the combustion process, the control air supply is controlled by the control module on the basis of predefinable setpoints via the setting device 8, both for the supply of primary combustion air and for the supply of secondary combustion air for the afterburning, so that overall a uniform combustion process is to be represented without the user being able to act on the combustion air supply, which eliminates the well-known risks of incorrect operation. In the event of a fault, he can of course then change the combustion air supply via the control lever. It is also possible to change an operating state to manual operation via the control module.

Claims (18)

  1. Apparatus for burning solid fuels, in particular a fireplace or tiled stove, fireplace insert or the like, comprising a combustion chamber (1) connected to a combustion air port (2) and an exhaust gas duct (3, 6), the combustion air port (2) being designed to supply primary and secondary combustion air into the combustion chamber (1), a device for detecting operating parameters of the combustion process being provided and it being possible to change the combustion air supply depending on the detected operating parameters of the combustion process, the device for detecting operating parameters of the combustion process being designed as a control module (17) and being connected to a motor-actuatable adjustment apparatus (8) which can be regulated by the control module (17) and is intended for changing the combustion air supply, and it being possible to control the primary and the secondary combustion air supply in each case by means of the adjustment apparatus (8) via the control module (17) depending on the detected operating parameters of the combustion process, the adjustment apparatus (8) being arranged upstream of a primary air channel (20) and a secondary air channel (21) and being associated with a combustion air collector (7), and the adjustment apparatus (8) being manually actuatable so as to bypass the motorized actuation and automatically releasing a manual actuation apparatus (13) in the event of a fault and in the event of a power failure, and the actuation apparatus (13) being designed for manual operation as a position indicator for the adjustment apparatus (8), characterised in that the adjustment apparatus (8) is arranged upstream of a primary air channel (20) and a secondary air channel (21) and is associated with a combustion air collector (7), and the adjustment apparatus (8) comprises an electric motor (10) which has a magnetic coupling which can be directly coupled in for automatic operation by means of an electromagnet and is automatically released by the dropout of the electromagnet in the event of a power failure.
  2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterised in that the adjustment apparatus (8) comprises an electric motor (10) which has a magnetic coupling (12) which can be coupled in for automatic operation by means of a permanent magnet which can be moved by an electromagnet, such that, in the event of a power failure, the permanent magnet is pivoted by the dropout of the electromagnet such that said permanent magnet releases a coupling (12) for the manual actuation apparatus (13).
  3. Apparatus according to either claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that the device for detecting operating parameters takes the ember bed temperature into account.
  4. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterised in that the adjustment apparatus keeps the ember bed temperature in a particular predeterminable range.
  5. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterised in that the predeterminable range for the ember bed temperature is between 600°C and 1200°C.
  6. Apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the device for detecting operating parameters detects and processes the exhaust gas temperature.
  7. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterised in that the adjustment apparatus keeps the exhaust gas temperature in a particular predeterminable range between 150°C and 400°C.
  8. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterised in that the device for detecting operating parameters of the combustion process detects the residual oxygen content in the exhaust gas and takes said content into account in order to change the motor-actuatable adjustment apparatus (8).
  9. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterised in that the adjustment apparatus (8) keeps the residual oxygen content in the exhaust gas in a particular predeterminable range and the predeterminable range for the lambda value is between 1 and 5.
  10. Apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the adjustment apparatus (8) is influenced by a combustion chamber door (9) being opened.
  11. Apparatus according to claim 10, characterised in that a door sensor (25) is provided which generates a signal for the adjustment apparatus (8) when the combustion chamber door (9) is opened.
  12. Apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the adjustment apparatus (8) comprises a device for automatically identifying a fuel selection process.
  13. Apparatus according to claim 12, characterised in that the device for automatically identifying a fuel refilling process comprises a contact switch for the combustion chamber door (1) and a temperature sensor.
  14. Apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 13, characterised in that an exhaust gas sensor (15), in particular a lambda sensor, is provided in an exhaust gas outlet (3), which sensor is connected to the device for detecting operating parameters and to the control module (17).
  15. Apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 14, characterised in that the central control module (17) is provided for processing various operating parameters and outputs control signals to the adjustment apparatus (8) in order to change the combustion air supply, it being possible to adjust the control module depending on predeterminable operating parameters.
  16. Apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 15, characterised in that parameter sets for various installation situations or types of fireplaces are stored in the central control module (17) and can be selected as required.
  17. Apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 16, characterised in that the central control module (17) comprises a separate control output for an additional servomotor.
  18. Apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 17, characterised in that a throttle apparatus in the exhaust gas path is actuated by means of the servomotor associated with the additional control output of the central control module (17).
EP10000254.2A 2009-01-15 2010-01-13 Device for burning solid fuel Active EP2208938B1 (en)

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DE102009005178A DE102009005178B4 (en) 2009-01-15 2009-01-15 Apparatus for burning solid fuels

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EP2208938A3 EP2208938A3 (en) 2015-03-04
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DE102010053566A1 (en) * 2010-12-06 2012-06-06 Karl Stefan Riener Biomass firing with air element protection
AT511145B1 (en) * 2011-03-14 2014-03-15 Riener Karl Stefan METHOD FOR REGULATING A HEATING DEVICE
DE102016002114A1 (en) * 2016-02-23 2017-08-24 HET Heiz- und Energietechnik EntwicklungsGmbH BIOMASS OVEN AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A BIOMASS OIL
DE102019217537A1 (en) * 2019-11-13 2021-05-20 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Method and device for regulating combustion in combustion systems
DE102020005202A1 (en) * 2020-08-25 2022-03-03 Maxitrol GmbH & Co. KG Equipment for the electronic regulation of stoves with bottom combustion

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AT395475B (en) * 1987-09-23 1993-01-25 Pfisterer Kurt DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING THE COMBUSTION AIR SUPPLY IN A STOVE
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DE4316182A1 (en) * 1993-05-14 1994-11-17 Haiko Kuenzel Method for controlling and / or regulating a heating system equipped with a solid fuel boiler and device for carrying out the method
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DE10012485B4 (en) * 2000-03-15 2004-09-02 Heybey, Heiko Device for controlling the supply of combustion air to the combustion chamber of a single fireplace, for example an oven, stove, stove or the like
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GB2125160A (en) * 1982-08-06 1984-02-29 Hawksley Hill Peter Arthur Air supply for stoves
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DE29916611U1 (en) * 1999-09-21 1999-12-09 Ega Engineering Gmbh Device for influencing the gas supply in gas-operated open fireplaces

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DE102009005178A1 (en) 2010-07-22
EP2208938A2 (en) 2010-07-21
DE102009005178B4 (en) 2012-01-19

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