EP2208006A2 - Accumulateur de chaleur pour l'accumulation d'énergie thermique et procédé de déplacement d'énergie thermique dans un accumulateur de chaleur - Google Patents

Accumulateur de chaleur pour l'accumulation d'énergie thermique et procédé de déplacement d'énergie thermique dans un accumulateur de chaleur

Info

Publication number
EP2208006A2
EP2208006A2 EP08839353A EP08839353A EP2208006A2 EP 2208006 A2 EP2208006 A2 EP 2208006A2 EP 08839353 A EP08839353 A EP 08839353A EP 08839353 A EP08839353 A EP 08839353A EP 2208006 A2 EP2208006 A2 EP 2208006A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat
storage
zone
temperature
fluid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08839353A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Dirk Drews
Frank Schubert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SolarHybrid AG
Original Assignee
SolarHybrid AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SolarHybrid AG filed Critical SolarHybrid AG
Publication of EP2208006A2 publication Critical patent/EP2208006A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H4/00—Fluid heaters characterised by the use of heat pumps
    • F24H4/02—Water heaters
    • F24H4/04—Storage heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/0005—Details for water heaters
    • F24H9/001—Guiding means
    • F24H9/0015—Guiding means in water channels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat accumulator for storing heat energy with a storage container for receiving a storage fluid, which can be stored as a function of its temperature in different, superimposed zones of the storage container.
  • Another object of the invention is a method for switching thermal energy in a heat storage with a storage container for receiving a storage fluid, which is according to its temperature in different, superimposed zones of the storage container can be stored.
  • heat accumulators for storing the heat obtained via the heat absorber in the form of buffer storage or long-term storage, in which primarily water as a storage fluid according to the needs of the heat consumer, such as a Hei - and a hot water system is stored at higher storage temperatures.
  • the heat energy is absorbed by the heat absorber, optionally transformed to a specific temperature level and transmitted via a heat transfer medium by means of a heat exchanger to the storage medium.
  • This type of heat storage has changed due to the technical characteristics of the heat absorber in the past proved problematic.
  • a heat transfer medium circulates through a collector, which heats up as a result of incident solar radiation.
  • the heat transfer medium of solar systems is usually not pure water, but a mixed with antifreeze water mixture, called solar fluid.
  • the solar fluid absorbs heat, which is then transferred via a heat exchanger to the storage fluid and stored in the heat storage, which is then available to operate a heat consumer available.
  • the efficiency of heat pumps is determined by the temperature difference to be bridged, resulting from the temperature of the heat source, for example air, water or soil with a temperature of 5 0 C, and on the other side of the temperature of the heat consumer, for example, a heating flow temperature of 35 0 C for underfloor heating, determined. This results in a difference of 30 K, which must be overcome with the heat pump.
  • the required drive energy of the compressor of the heat pump is almost proportional to this temperature difference. If the temperature difference is greater, the drive energy to be expended becomes larger and vice versa.
  • a higher storage temperature for example, for a heating flow temperature of 55 0 C for heating domestic water, is compared to the required drive energy for a storage temperature of 35 ° C, a 30% higher drive energy required.
  • the heat pump would have to be designed for a temperature difference of 75 to 85 K, which sets the system technical and economic limits for various reasons.
  • conventional heat pumps similar to solar systems in low-radiation operating times, supply large amounts of heat energy at a comparatively low temperature. veau, which can not be stored easily at higher storage temperatures in the heat storage.
  • the storage fluid circulates usually by means of pumps moves in closed tube circuits and transports the heat absorbed by the heat absorber in the storage container of the heat accumulator.
  • heat exchangers are provided, in which the heat energy of the heat transfer medium of the heat absorber passes to the storage fluid.
  • These heat exchangers can be arranged externally or within the storage container.
  • separations are provided in the interior of the storage container, which divide the stratified storage into superimposed zones with differently tempered storage fluid, which purposefully promote the physically conditioned stratifications of the storage fluid and avoid turbulences and mixing, so that a defined temperature gradient is observed across the zones established.
  • the cold, to be heated storage fluid is sucked from a lower zone of the heat accumulator, heated by the heat absorber, such as a heat pump or solar system, and pumped with then lesser density in a higher-lying zone of the heat accumulator.
  • the warm storage fluid is thus stored from top to bottom in the isolated against heat loss memory and the stored heat is to supply a heat consumer, For example, a heating system, available.
  • a heat consumer For example, a heating system, available.
  • a heating system available.
  • In the upper part of the heat storage are usually also connected via heat exchangers and the heat consumer.
  • a heat accumulator for storing thermal energy obtained as a heat absorber via a solar system in which the accumulator fluid heated via the solar system can be stored in different superimposed zones as a function of temperature.
  • the zones are designed in the manner of cylindrical chambers separated by separations. The separations can be traversed by the storage fluid, but at the same time prevent turbulent flows within the storage tank, so that sets a defined temperature gradient and in the lower zone always the coldest and in the upper zone, the warmest heat transfer medium is available.
  • an electrical resistance heating element is arranged, which, if necessary, the storage fluid in the upper zone is heated to the required heat consumer temperature.
  • the invention is based on the invention, a heat accumulator and a method of the type mentioned in such a way that set both for the heat consumer as well as the heat absorber improved operating conditions.
  • This object is achieved with a heat accumulator of the type mentioned above in that a heat pump arranged between a lower zone and a higher zone is provided for the rearrangement of heat energy from the lower zone into the higher zone.
  • the higher zone is divided into a middle zone and an upper zone. Due to this three-zone structure, the storage fluid can be stored in three temperature levels.
  • the heat pump can shift energy from the lower zone to the upper zone in order to be able to supply it to a heat consumer.
  • the lower separation and / or the upper separation are formed by a flow-open sheet.
  • heated heat transfer fluid can enter from one zone to the next higher zone.
  • the heat pump has a compressor which is arranged within the storage container, resulting in a compact construction of the heat accumulator.
  • the heat pump has an evaporator and a condenser, which are arranged overflowable within different zones of the storage fluid.
  • the evaporator and / or the condenser are provided with Um Mrsungshnen, the turbulent flows due to the at the evaporator prevent cooled or heated at the condenser storage fluids.
  • the heat pump be arranged outside the storage container.
  • the heat pump is arranged in a separate container, the heat exchanger zones of the heat pump being flow-connected to the zones of the storage container.
  • the separate container can be connected in the course of retrofitting a conventional heat storage with the storage tank, so that even with conventional heat storage a redistribution of heat energy within the storage zones is possible.
  • the storage container has a connection for the storage of higher-temperature storage fluid and a connection for the removal of less highly tempered storage fluid.
  • the connections are provided in the appropriately tempered zones of the storage container.
  • a heat exchanger for storing heat energy of a heat transfer medium of a heat transfer medium circuit is provided in the interior of the storage container.
  • This may be, for example, the condenser of an outside air heat pump in which a refrigerant condenses and in this way stores heat energy obtained via the heat pump directly into the heat store.
  • a service water tank or a pipe pass-through heat exchanger is arranged, whereby the heat can be easily transferred to the process water circuit of a building.
  • a method is proposed in which a heat pump promotes heat energy from a lower zone to a higher zone.
  • An advantage for a uniform heat supply is an embodiment, according to which a predetermined heat consumer temperature of the storage fluid is adjusted via the delivered heat energy in the higher zone. A certain amount of storage fluid is continuously stored at a temperature level corresponding to the temperature of the heat consumer.
  • a predetermined cooling temperature of the storage fluid is adjusted via the subsidized heat energy in the lower zone, wherein in this mode of operation of the heat storage or in this supercooled storage fluid can be used for air conditioning.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a heat accumulator according to a first embodiment
  • FIG. 2 a of FIG. 1 corresponding representation of a heat accumulator according to a further embodiment
  • FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment of a heat accumulator
  • Fig. 4 shows a further embodiment of a heat accumulator
  • Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of a heat accumulator with arranged outside the storage tank heat pump.
  • Fig. 1 Shown in Fig. 1 is the basic structure of a heat storage.
  • This has a closed storage container 4, which is divided into superimposed zones, namely a lower zone 4.1 and an overlying higher zone 4.3, 4.5.
  • a total of three zones are provided because the higher zone 4.3, 4.5 is divided into a middle zone 4.3 and an upper zone 4.5.
  • the separations 4.2 and 4.4 forming the chamber walls are flowed so that storage fluid due to a change in temperature through the separations 4.2 and 4.4 can rise or fall.
  • the heat accumulator is distinguished from the prior art by a heat pump 2, which is arranged between the lower zone 4.1 and the higher zone 4.3, 4.5.
  • the evaporator 2.1 of the heat pump 2 is located in the lower zone 4.1, whereby the storage fluid is undercooled in this zone 4.1.
  • the lower zone 4.1 is therefore also referred to below as the subcooling zone.
  • the condenser 2.2 is located in the central zone 4.3, in which the heat extracted from the storage fluid in the zone 4.1 is transferred to the storage fluid stored in the central zone 4.3.
  • the thus heated storage fluid rises due to its heating up in the upper zone 4.5, which is why the upper zone 4.5 will be referred to below as the high temperature zone and the middle zone 4.3 as the middle temperature zone 4.3.
  • Figures 1 to 3 and 5 show embodiments with a closed storage container 4, while Figure 4 shows a non-pressurized heat storage, as e.g. used in solar thermal drain-back method.
  • the storage containers 4 are preferably filled with pressurized water as storage fluid and connected to the Bausei- term printing systems of the heat consumer.
  • the storage tank 4 is divided into three zones.
  • the lower zone is the subcooling zone 4.1
  • the middle zone is the middle temperature zone 4.3
  • the upper zone is the high temperature zone 4.5.
  • a physical separation 4.2 is provided between the lower subcooling zone 4.1 and the middle middle temperature zone 4.3 made of plastic or metal flat material.
  • the separation 4.4 between mid-temperature zone 4.3 and high- can likewise be formed as a physical separation from a flat material or can result purely from the density differences of the different temperature-controlled heat carrier fluid.
  • the heat pump 2 is integrated in the embodiment of FIG. 1 in the storage container 4 and has the function to redistribute the heat energy in the storage tank 4.
  • the supercooling zone 4.1 is withdrawn via the evaporator 2.1 heat and over the condenser 2.2 first used in the middle zone 4.3, from where it rises via a layer lance 4.7 in the high temperature zone 4.5.
  • the middle temperature zone 4.3 forms a kind of neutral zone and is tempered by the or the connected heat receivers, such as a solar or heat pump system, if possible to the temperature level of the heat consumer.
  • the energetic loading of the pressure accumulator according to FIG. 1 is carried out, for example, via the connection 1.3 arranged in the upper region of the central zone 4.3 or according to FIGS. 3 and 4 via the connections 1.6, through which the storage fluid heated by the heat receiver via an external heat exchanger is forced into the storage vessel 4 , Since it is a closed circulation system, colder storage fluid is simultaneously discharged from the storage container 4 via the connecting piece 1.1 disposed in the lower region of the storage container 4 and fed to the heat receiver in order to extract its heat transfer medium via an externally arranged heat exchanger thermal energy. With internal pressure differences, the storage water in the storage tank can pass through the physical separation 4.2 and / or 4.4 unimpeded through defined gaps or special flow ports.
  • drain-back processes with open accumulators according to FIG. 4 are used less frequently. More frequently encountered is a system separation between the heat accumulator and the heat absorber, in which by means of external plate exchanger, the heat energy of the heat transfer medium or the solar fluid is transferred to the storage fluid.
  • direct conventional tube spiral exchangers 3.1 according to FIG. 2 are also arranged in the interior of the storage container 4 in conventional stores. In this coiled tubing, the solar fluid enters under pump pressure, releases the heat to the storage fluid, and is then returned to the solar collector to absorb heat again.
  • the heated by the coiled tubing 3.1 storage water is performed in a known layer lance 3.2 in the upper region of the storage container 4.
  • the heated water can enter the respective layer zone through openings using the thermosiphon principle or rise to the top to build up the layer from top to bottom.
  • the heat storage operates when not operating the integrated heat pump 2 as a conventional buffer or stratified storage. In strong solar radiation and the associated high temperatures of the heat transfer fluid, the operation of the integrated heat pump 2 is not required when using solar panels.
  • the storage fluid or water of the high temperature zone 4.5 heats up to temperatures that allow the supply of heat consumers, such as a hot water heating.
  • the storage fluid stored in a highly tempered manner in the heat accumulator can be purified by means of external or internal fresh water processes or by means of the integrated process water tank 7 according to FIG. 2 the required domestic hot water is heated.
  • the internal fresh water process is indicated in the representations according to FIGS.
  • Figure 2 shows a variant of a combined storage in which in an internal domestic hot water tank 7, a certain amount of hot water is stored as a supply and heated by the storage water on the container wall.
  • the heat pump 2 In the case of the decrease in the intensity of insolation due to daytime or weather-related influences, which are sensed, the heat pump 2 is put into operation. There is a cooling of the storage fluid in the subcooling 4.1 via the evaporator 2.1. By the heat pump 2 heat is removed from the storage fluid in the subcooling 4.1 and brought to a higher temperature level. The highly transformed heat is transferred in the condenser 2.2 to the storage fluid in the middle temperature zone 4.3.
  • the flow support in principle reversed, also arranged in the form of a layer lance to create controlled layer conditions and to promote the heat transfer.
  • the cooled water can calmly enter the applicable temperature level according to natural rules.
  • the heat consumer can be supplied with heat energy even then, for example, heated domestic hot water, if the yield of the solar system alone is no longer sufficient.
  • the usable temperature difference at the solar collector is also considerably increased.
  • the temperature of a possible solar yield of 30 ° C is given, which can occur very often.
  • this temperature level can not be used for dhw heating; on the other hand, the existing energy potential can not be exploited technically, since the temperature difference of the solar return to the collector temperature without the integrated heat pump is too low and not significantly below 30 ° C.
  • the sub-cooling zone is then cooled to 4.1 for example, 10 ° C and simultaneously heats the high-temperature zone 4.5 to 55 0 C.
  • the solar system is now able to continuously absorb low-temperature energy at the collector and to supply the memory.
  • the energy input preferably takes place in the region of the middle temperature zone 4.3 then into the subcooling zone 4.1.
  • the temperature level of the central temperature zone 4.3 corresponds to the required flow temperature of the underfloor heating or other low-temperature systems. If the temperature level of the middle temperature zone 4.3 is sufficient, the high-temperature zone 4.5 will self-adjust without the use of the integrated heat pump 2 to the temperature required for the brackish water heating.
  • the heating water for the Bisstraddling Vietnamesee is placed at pressure accumulators according to Figure 1 on the flow pipe 1.3 and return pipe 1.2 in the circuit.
  • the heat discharge can take place either via internal tube spiral exchangers 5 according to FIG. 4 or via external heat exchangers, eg plate thawing. sheared.
  • internal coiled tubing 5 the flow through the connection piece 5.2 and the return via connection 5.1 is done.
  • the connected external heating heat pump can be set to the necessary heat consumer temperature, e.g. 35 ° C, and thus operates in an economic operating range.
  • the required heating water temperature in the high-temperature zone 4.5 is produced as described above with the internal heat pump 2.
  • the hot water preparation heat pump supported are ensured.
  • the energy is transferred through the heating heat pump into the storage at e.g. 35 ° C, which means a temperature difference of 50 K to be overcome by the external heat pump.
  • the temperature level of 35 ° C for example, the space heating is operated.
  • the heat pump integrated into the heat accumulator according to the invention now absorbs the energy at 35 ° C.
  • the Montemperaturhub of 80 K for domestic hot water is split useful in engineering terms. It is a two-stage heat pump system in which the first stage of an external heat pump, such as an air heat pump, and the second stage is formed by the arranged between the zones of the storage tank 4 th heat pump 2.
  • the advantage lies in the fact that the external heating heat pumps, which are not regulated by the majority of the state of the art and must be operated at high temperatures of the heat sources with considerable excess heat, low-temperature heat in batches in the memory can store, and the internal heat pump according to the invention can bring the energy as required, economically advantageous to a higher level.
  • the internal heat pump according to the invention can bring the energy as required, economically advantageous to a higher level.
  • the integrated heat pump 2 as an internal direct evaporating and directly condensing system, is preferably arranged in a compact structural unit with the storage container 4.
  • the compressor 2.3 of the heat pump 2 can be suitably accommodated in the interior of the storage tank, in a compartment pressure-tightly sealed off from the storage contents.
  • the mounting position is arbitrary and can be done according to the invention, for example, up or down in the memory interior.
  • mounting on top of the container, wherein the outer panel or the housing can be constructed in one unit with the arrangement of the integrated heat pump 2.
  • an external positioning of the heat pump unit is possible.
  • FIG. 5 An arrangement according to FIG. 5 is in accordance with the invention.
  • Evaporator 2.1, condenser 2.2 and heat pump unit 2 are housed in a tubular container 5 externally from the storage tank 4. Due to the equally strict utilization of static conditions, this arrangement comes very close to the arrangement of the heat pump components in the memory interior and is similarly functional. Also in this construction, the heat pump unit 2 can be positioned arbitrarily.
  • pumps may be provided in the region of the condenser 2.2 or the evaporator 2.1, for example in the region, for flow support purposes port 1.7 or 1.1 to assist the flow to or from the reservoir 4.
  • a metered pump support is according to the invention.
  • smaller underwater pumps are on weak current base conceivable, while pressure reservoirs further design measures, such as external pipe guides and smaller external pumps must be provided.
  • the heat storage according to the invention is a heat transformation storage, which can be used if necessary for refrigeration systems.
  • the integrated heat pump produces a required, low setpoint temperature in the subcooling zone 4.1.
  • the storage water in the subcooling zone 4.1 having a temperature of e.g. 6 ° C can be used via pump circuits for cooling rooms or the like.
  • the heat permanently or continuously removed from the subcooling zone 4.1 in such an operation is used for heating domestic hot water and the excess energy is removed from the high temperature zone 4.5 via recooler or in another form.
  • the heat transformation memory according to the invention is made compact ready to plug in a closed design, with no installation effort is required at the installation, which would be conditioned by the invention itself.
  • the integrated heat pump 2 significantly increases the utility value characteristics compared to conventional heat accumulators.
  • the natural stratifications in the storage are brought to the desired conditions in a controlled manner, which means that a sufficiently high operating temperature for domestic hot water preparation is always available in the region of the high temperature zone 4.5 and a correspondingly low temperature prevails in the supercooling zone 4.1. in order to increase the solar yields, to enable a supercooling and overheating effect in heat pump systems and / or to ensure the required system temperatures in connected refrigeration air conditioning circuits.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un accumulateur de chaleur pour l'accumulation d'énergie thermique, comprenant un réservoir de stockage (4) recevant un fluide de stockage qui, selon sa température, peut être stocké dans plusieurs zones superposées (4.1, 4.3, 4.5) du réceptacle de stockage (4), et dans lequel une pompe à chaleur (2) installée entre une zone inférieure (4.1) et une zone située plus haut (4.3, 4.5) assure le déplacement de l'énergie thermique de la zone inférieure (4.1) vers la zone située plus haut (4.3, 4.5). L'invention concerne également un procédé de déplacement d'énergie thermique dans un accumulateur de chaleur qui comprend un réservoir de stockage (4) recevant un fluide de stockage qui, selon sa température, est stocké dans différentes zones (4.1, 4.3, 4.5) superposées du réceptacle de stockage (4), au cours duquel une pompe à chaleur (2) déplace l'énergie thermique d'une zone inférieure (4.1) vers une zone située plus haut (4.3, 4.5).
EP08839353A 2007-10-20 2008-10-20 Accumulateur de chaleur pour l'accumulation d'énergie thermique et procédé de déplacement d'énergie thermique dans un accumulateur de chaleur Withdrawn EP2208006A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200710050674 DE102007050674A1 (de) 2007-10-20 2007-10-20 Multifunktionaler Wärmetransformationsspeicher als Energiezentrale von Heizungs- und Klimaanlagen
PCT/DE2008/001697 WO2009049612A2 (fr) 2007-10-20 2008-10-20 Accumulateur de chaleur pour l'accumulation d'énergie thermique et procédé de déplacement d'énergie thermique dans un accumulateur de chaleur

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2208006A2 true EP2208006A2 (fr) 2010-07-21

Family

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Family Applications (1)

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EP08839353A Withdrawn EP2208006A2 (fr) 2007-10-20 2008-10-20 Accumulateur de chaleur pour l'accumulation d'énergie thermique et procédé de déplacement d'énergie thermique dans un accumulateur de chaleur

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2208006A2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102007050674A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009049612A2 (fr)

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WO2009049612A3 (fr) 2009-06-11
DE102007050674A1 (de) 2009-09-24
WO2009049612A2 (fr) 2009-04-23

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