EP2205516B1 - Step for a moving staircase or pallet for and moving staircase with such a step or conveyor with such a pallet and method for manufacturing such a step or pallet - Google Patents

Description

Technical area

The invention relates to a step for an escalator or pallet for a moving walkway comprising a step skeleton or pallet skeleton as a support for at least one tread element according to the definition of the independent claim.

State of the art

From the patent DD 69443 A has become known as a step for an escalator. The step is skeleton-like and consists essentially of an angled support plate, which forms the side parts and the front part. Arranged on the support plate is an angle at which the wheels of the step are attached. An angled footboard is frictionally connected to the side panels and serves as a step completion upwards. The front part of the step is completed by means of a front panel connected to the support plate.

Such a step is very difficult because the support plate - despite provided for stiffening beads - must be made relatively thick, if the required stability is to be ensured.

From the GB 2173757 A has become known a pallet for a moving walk. The tread element rests on three straps arranged transversely to the direction of travel. These carriers are designed as angle profiles. The three carriers are in turn on three cheeks arranged in the direction of travel, whereby not only the two outer cheeks are supported by rollers, but also the middle cheek. The cheeks are also formed from angle profiles. Due to the total of six angle profiles, this construction is very heavy. It should also be noted that these previously known pallets of moving walkways only a small amount. For steps for escalators, the individual cheeks would have to have a correspondingly greater height, so that provided with such prior art cheeks stages had an extremely high weight. In addition, at steps for escalators, the corresponding inclined run, the angle profiles processed accordingly and cut one leg obliquely.

The generic JP 50 016282 A shows a stage with three cheeks, but this is a two-part stage, as seen from Fig. 4 This document is clearly recognizable. In a two-part step, there must be a cheek in the middle to make the connection of the step parts.

Presentation of the invention

The invention aims to remedy this situation. The invention, as characterized in claim 1, solves the problem of creating a sheet metal made, lightweight stage or pallet with high rigidity.

Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

One step performs a relative movement relative to the adjacent steps in the vertical direction, in particular in the transition from the front inclined escalator section to the horizontal escalator section. The step structure of the escalator is converted into a plane or band structure. The relative movement is generated by a corresponding course of the guideways for the step rollers. In addition, the step in the direction of travel has approximately a triangular cross-section. A pallet does not perform any relative movement in the vertical direction relative to the adjacent pallets. The moving pavement consisting of pallets does not change its surface structure when the direction changes, a stepless belt structure as transport surface is always available. A pallet is constructed comparable to a step and has cut in the direction of travel about a rectangular cross section without visible setting element. An escalator has at least one stage according to the invention, the remaining stages being, for example, conventional aluminum stages or sheet metal stages. In the further course, for the sake of better readability, only one stage produced by means of deep drawing is described. However, the statements apply mutatis mutandis to a range produced by deep drawing process.

The advantages achieved by the invention are essentially to be seen in the fact that weight savings and cost savings are feasible with the skeleton-type sheet metal construction of the stage. Lighter steps also mean smaller drive power for the escalator drive. The main components of the stages, such as For example, step cheeks, tread element and setting element are made by means of a deep-drawing process of thin deep-drawn sheet metal. Despite the thin sheet, the stage according to the invention meets the requirements and load tests of the European standard EN 115 and the American standard ASME A17.1, according to which the stage according to the invention must satisfy a static test and a dynamic test. In the static test, the step is centrally loaded with a force acting perpendicular to the tread element of 3000 N, with a deflection of at most 4 mm may occur. After the force has been applied, the step must not show any permanent deformation. In the dynamic test, the stage is centered with a pulsating force, with the force varying between 500 N and 3000 N, with a frequency between 5 Hz and 20 Hz and at least 5x10 ⁶ cycles. After the test, the step may have a permanent deformation of not more than 4 mm.

It is also advantageous that the components can be manufactured optimized production from a roll of paper held by unwinding and developable, for example, 2 m to 4 m in diameter, hereinafter referred to as sheet coil. With multiple unwinding devices, the workflow can be made interruption-free and production time can be further reduced.

The inventive step with skeletal sheet metal construction is lighter and much cheaper than a die-cast aluminum, especially with increasing aluminum price. A 600 mm wide stage weighs about 8.6 kg, a 800 mm wide stage weighs about 10.8 kg and a 1000 mm wide stage weighs about 13.1 kg. It is also advantageous in this construction that the step width or even the conversion process requires no complicated additional work in small quantities. An optimized to minimum weight and maximum load according to the above-mentioned EN 115 level is feasible with thin thermoforming sheets, for example, 1.1 to 1.9 mm thickness, which allow by means of deep drawing process, a maximum stiffening of the supporting components. Embossing or bending processes would also be conceivable but the finished stage would be much heavier, because in this manufacturing process larger sheet thicknesses (at least 4 mm sheet thickness) are necessary.

It is essential in the present invention that the step skeleton or pallet skeleton are made as sheet metal parts, i. are formed from flat elements. The cheeks have a cheek body and along the edges of the cheek body on a circumferential, wall-like stiffening. This stiffening, despite thin (and thus light) sheet metal results in an amazingly high stability. Such cheeks can be advantageously prepared by a deep drawing process.

In the deep-drawing process, a stamp presses a flat sheet metal blank into a prefabricated die, wherein the edge of the sheet metal blank is held by means of a hold-down. In the cold forming of the deep-drawn sheet caused by punch and die, a temporary plasticization and work-hardening of the deep-drawn sheet occurs below the hold-down. From the two-dimensional, usually punched from a sheet metal sheet metal cutting a three-dimensional body is formed with bottom and peripheral walls, the wall thickness is slightly smaller than the original sheet thickness. The soil can be formed in further process steps, for example by means of hydraulic depths in the stamp or in the die. In the embodiment set out below, the cheeks eyes are made. After forming the edge of the walls is separated by trimming, for example by means of a knife or laser or punch or water jet. The deep-drawn sheet has to be specially created for the forming. In the embodiment set out below, for example, a deep-drawn sheet with the designation H380 or H400 or H900 or H1100 is used. These steel grades are based essentially on the strength-increasing effect of micro-alloying additives such as niobium and / or titanium and / or manganese. The yield strengths of these steels, which are high compared to mild steels, allow for cold forming with low deformation stress up to very demanding and complex component formations. The types of steel are tuned to the respective forming conditions, so that even with low sheet thicknesses the tendency to deformation-related constrictions, wrinkles, tearing or inaccurate shape by elastic springback is minimal. The deep drawing process is characterized by a large ratio of the sheet thickness to the height of the deep-drawn wall and the associated high load capacity, dimensional accuracy and stability.

When Rollumformverfahren, also called continuous bending process, a sheet metal strip from sheet metal coil with the aid of several successively arranged pairs of rollers or pairs of rollers by cold forming to heavy-claimable profiles is formed.

Brief description of the drawings

• Fig. 1 ein Skelett der erfindungsgemäßen Stufe;
• Fig. 2 die erfindungsgemäße Stufe;
• Fig. 3 einen Schnitt durch die Stufe in Fahrtrichtung;
• Fig. 4 eine Seitenansicht einer Wange mit Schnitten A-A bis E-E;
• Fig. 5 eine Draufsicht der Wange;
• Fig. 6 eine Wange mit Stufenrolle und Notführungshaken;
• Fig. 7 Einzelheiten eines Rollenlagers;
• Fig. 8 eine erfindungsgemäße Palette in perspektivischer Ansicht von unten;
• Fig. 9 dieselbe in Seitenansicht;
• Fig. 10 eine Wange dieser Palette;
• Fig. 11 eine Brücke dieser Palette in Seitenansicht; und
• Fig. 12 eine Abstützung dieser Palette in perspektivischer Ansicht.

Reference to the accompanying figures, the present invention will be explained in more detail. Show it:

• Fig. 1 a skeleton of the stage according to the invention;
• Fig. 2 the stage according to the invention;
• Fig. 3 a section through the step in the direction of travel;
• Fig. 4 a side view of a cheek with sections AA to EE;
• Fig. 5 a top view of the cheek;
• Fig. 6 a cheek with stepped roller and emergency guide hook;
• Fig. 7 Details of a roller bearing;
• Fig. 8 a pallet according to the invention in a perspective view from below;
• Fig. 9 the same in side view;
• Fig. 10 a cheek of this palette;
• Fig. 11 a bridge of this palette in side view; and
• Fig. 12 a support of this pallet in perspective view.

Way (s) for carrying out the invention

Fig. 1 The step skeleton 2 consists of a first cheek 3, at least one middle cheek 4 and a second cheek 5. First and second cheek 3.5 are also called side cheek and are arranged in mirror image. The cheeks 3,4,5 are arranged in the direction of travel. For every Bevel 3,4,5 is punched from a sheet metal strip, a sheet metal blank and this then formed by deep drawing to the cheek. A support 6, a bridge 7 and a bracket 8 extend transversely to the direction of travel and connect the cheeks 3,4,5, wherein the components are connected without screws, for example by means of spot welding. Cheeks 3,4,5, support 6, bridge 7 and console 8 form the step skeleton 2. The components carrier 6, bridge 7 and console 8 are away from the Blechcoil means of a Rollumformverfahrens endless, for example, with a production speed of 10 to 20 meters per minute manufactured and cut to length depending on the step width. For the components beam 6, bridge 7 and console 8 stainless steel sheet or zinc sheet or copper sheet or brass sheet is provided with a thickness of 1.8-3.3 mm. Other building materials such as synthetic fiber composites or natural fiber composites or CFRP or GRP or plastics are also possible.

At the first cheek 3, a step roller 9 and an emergency guide hook 10 are arranged. On the second cheek 5, a stepped roller 11 and an emergency guide hook 12 are arranged. The step roller 9,11 leads the level 1 along a track of the escalator. The emergency guide hook 10,12 is based on failure of the step roller 9,11 on an emergency guide the escalator and forces the level 1 back to the track.

The stage 1 is connected by means of a stepped axis 13 with the step chain of the escalator. The stepped axis 13 is constructed in several parts. An axle journal 14 made of a round material is rotatably supported in a sleeve 15 of the center cheek 4 serving as a sliding bearing. On the first cheek 3 serving as a plain bearing bush 16 is arranged, wherein a first driving axle 17 is rotatably mounted at one end in the bushing 16 and the other end is connected by a bridge 18 with the journal 14 of the center cheek 4. On the second cheek 5 serving as a plain bearing bushing 19 is arranged, wherein a second driving axle 20 is rotatably mounted at one end in the sleeve 19 and the other end is connected by means of a bridge 21 with the journal 14 of the center cheek 4.

The driving axles 17, 20 are produced away from the sheet metal coil by means of a roll forming method and cut to length depending on the step width. When Bride 18,21 dissolved on each side of the stage 1, the driving axis 17,20 pushed over a chain pin of the step chain and the bridge 18,21 tightened again, so that the stage 1 is connected to the step 1 moving step chain.

The stepped axle 13, together with the chain pins, forms a continuous axis from one chain roller to the opposite chain roller. The stage 1 is thus supported at one end by the chain rollers and at the other end by the step rollers 9, 11.

Fig. 2 shows the complete stage 1 seen from below, in which the step skeleton 2 has been supplemented with a tread element 22, a step edge 23 and a setting element 24. The tread element 22 and / or the setting element 24 may also consist of more than one part. For example, the one-piece tread element 22 or the one-piece setting element 24 seen longitudinally in the direction of travel and / or be divided transversely thereto. The tread element 22 as well as the setting element 24 is produced in two steps. In a first step, the sheet removed from the sheet metal coil is directed and preformed or pre-corrugated by means of a toothed shaft to about 50% and then cut to length depending on the appearance. In a second step, the preformed component is formed by means of deep drawing process to the final web / groove profile with webs and grooves. The tread element 22 as well as the setting element 24 can also be deep-drawn in one step, wherein 3 to 10 webs and grooves are deep-drawn, then the thermoforming sheet is pushed further, then again 3 to 10 webs and grooves deep-drawn and so on. Gesamtthaft a deep-drawn sheet, for example, 0.25 to 1.25 mm thickness is deep drawn to 10 to 15 mm. The web / groove profile of the tread element 22 has on the carrier side on each second web a small tooth 25 which meshes with the web / groove profile of the positioning element 24 of the adjacent step. The gap between the steps is thereby projecting and springing back.

The step edge 23, for example, made of ceramic or natural fiber or plastic by injection molding or aluminum die-cast method is placed on the bridge 7 and screwed from below with the bridge 7. Other materials such as natural fibers, synthetic fibers, GRP, CFRP or plastic or NIRO and colors such as yellow, red, black, blue or mixed colors are also possible. The step edge 23 is formed so that the tread element 22 as well as the setting element 24 can be inserted into the step edge 23.

Fig. 3 shows a section in the direction of travel through the stage 1 at the location of the axle journal 14 on the second cheek 5 seen. The tread element 22 is screwless, for example, connected by means of spot welding with the support 6 and the bridge 7. The setting element 24 is pushed into the step edge 23 and screwless, for example, connected by means of spot welding with the console 8.

Depending on the customer, for example, NIRO (stainless steel), ALU (aluminum), synthetic fiber composites, ceramics, copper, brass, titanium sheet and so forth are also conceivable for the tread element 22 and / or for the setting element 24.

Fig. 4 shows a side view of the first cheek 3 seen from the outside or in the direction of the arrow designated P1. As explained above, the sheet metal blank is held at the edge by means of hold downs and pressed the free surface of the thermoforming sheet by means of stamp in a die. Here, the bottom of the three-dimensional body to the cheek body 26 and the walls and Umbugradien the three-dimensional body for stiffening 27 of the cheek body 26, of the stiffener 27 only the Umbugradien are visible, the actual stiffener 27 and the walls of the three-dimensional body go into the drawing level.

Fig. 4 also shows sections along the lines AA, BB, CC, DD and EE. The broken line shows the parts of the thermoforming body removed after the thermoforming process by means of knives or lasers, in particular the edges 50 retained during the thermoforming process and the covers 51 of the cheeks 28, 29 for the step roller 9 and the Miter shaft 17. The cheek eye 28 for the step roller 9 is directed in the direction of the stiffener 27 or inwardly or deep drawn (section BB), the cheek eye 29 for the cam axis 17 is directed outwards (counter to the direction P1) or deep drawn ( Section AA).

Fig. 5 shows a plan view of the first cheek 3. The first cheek 3 has for stiffening a slight crank K1 inward, wherein K1 may be 20 to 35 mm, for example. Denoted at D1 is the thickness of the stiffener 27, wherein D1 is composed of the thickness of the deep-drawn sheet, the Umbugradius 30 and the deep-drawn wall 31. D1 may for example be 15-42 mm, wherein the thickness of the thermoforming sheet can be 1.1-2.2 mm and wherein the ratio of the sheet thickness of the cheek body 26,32 of the cheeks 3,4,5 to the height D1 of the stiffener 27,44 at least 1:10 is. At a density of 7.87 g / cm ³ , a deep-drawn sheet has a weight of 14.4 kg / m ² for a sheet thickness of 1.8 mm and a weight of 9.6 kg / m for a sheet thickness of 1.2 mm ² . The second cheek 5 is constructed comparable to the one-piece first cheek 3. The center cheek 4 is also deep-drawn and constructed in addition to the crank K1 and the cheeks eyes comparable to the first cheek 3. The sheet thickness of the thermoforming sheet can be selected depending on the step width (the smaller the step width, the thinner the sheet metal) or it can be used for different step widths the same sheet thickness.

Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 show the second cheek 5 with details of the attachment of the step roller 11 and the emergency guide hook 12 on the cheek body 32 with stiffener 44. The attachment of the step roller 9 and the emergency guide hook 10 on the first cheek 3 is identical. Another emergency guide hook can be arranged on the cheek body 26 and 32, respectively. A journal 33 is held by a bushing 35.1, which is pressed or clamped or screwed into the cheek eye 34, for example. At one end, the journal 33 has a journal 35 for supporting the roller bearing and at the other end a thread 36. One in a bore 37 of the journal Self-tapping screw 38 presses a washer 39 on an inner bearing ring 40 of the roller bearing. A screwed onto the thread 36 nut 41 presses the emergency guide hook 12 against a cap 42 which is supported by means of wide cap edge 43 on the cheek body 32. The cap 42 additionally strengthens the connection of the axle journal 33 with the cheek body 32 and stiffens the cheek body 32 at this location. On emergency guide hook 12, a slot with fold 45 is provided which secures the emergency guide hook 12 against rotation when tightening the nut 41 and holds on the stiffener 44.

Based on Fig. 8-12 a pallet according to the invention will now be explained. Many parts have their equivalent at the stage; these bear the same reference number, but provided with one or more quotation marks; Thus, the tread element of the pallet has the reference numeral 22 ', because the tread element of the stage is denoted by 22. If there is agreement with the level, the parts will not be explained again.

Since moving walks are usually wider than escalators, several middle cheeks are necessary in a pallet 1 ': in the example shown, there are three middle cheeks 4', 4 "and 4"'. Together with the two side cheeks 3 'and 5' are the total five cheeks. Since pallets are largely symmetrical at the front / rear, two supports 7 'and 7 "are provided which are identical (instead of support 7 and bridge 6 at stage 1) to support the tread element 22'. are connected to the cheeks 3 ', 4', 4 ", 4 '" and 5' screwless, for example by means of spot welding. Since pallets have no setting element, and the step edge 23 and the console 8 are unnecessary. So that the cheeks 3 ', 4', 4 ", 4 '" and 5' are also stabilized on their lower side (the side facing away from the tread element 22 '), the bridges 7', 7 "are designed so that they conform to the shape the cheeks 3 ', 4', 4 ", 4 '" and 5' largely follow (see 11 and 9 ). Thus, the bridges 7 ', 7 "with the cheeks 3', 4 ', 4", 4'"and 5 'form an equally stable skeleton as in the stage the components 6, 7 and 8 with the cheeks 3, 4 and 5 ,

Also, the bridges 7 ', 7 "have (as well as the components 6, 7 and 8 of the stage) over their entire length a constant cross section, so they can be produced endlessly by means of a roll forming process and can be cut to length depending on the pallet width. Here is a particular advantage that the bridges 7 'and 7 "can be made identical, a bridge 7' can be brought into the mirror image position required for the bridge 7" simply by turning.

The pallet rollers 9 'and 11' are analogous to the step rollers 9 and 11 attached. Emergency guide hooks are dispensable for pallets.

However, different is the pallet axis 13 ', which in contrast to the step axis 13 does not pass, but is divided into two parts. This is possible because a plurality of center cheeks 4 ', 4 "and 4'" are provided. There are therefore two axle journals 14 ', 14 "which are mounted in the center cheeks 4'" and 4 ", respectively, and the bearing of the driving axles 17 'and 20' in the side cheeks 3 'and 5' and the connection by means of brackets 18 'and 21 'is analogous to the stage 1.

Also, the tread element 22 'of the pallet 1' has a small tooth 25 on the carrier side on every second web. On the roller side, exactly every intermediate bridge has such a small protruding tooth (in Fig. 8 not visible). The gap between two pallets 1 'is thus projecting and rebounding just as in the steps.

Fig. 9 shows a palette from the side. It has already been mentioned that the cheeks (in Fig. 9 only the cheek 3 'is visible) with the bridges 7' and 7 "(in Fig. 9 not visible) screwless, for example by means of spot welding method, are connected. Likewise, the tread element 22 'without screws, for example by means of spot welding method, with the two bridges 7' and 7 "connected.

Fig. 10 shows a cheek 3 'of a pallet in perspective view. This cheek is (analogous to the cheeks at the stage) produced by a deep-drawing process. Again, a stiffener 27 'by a manufactured during deep drawing circumferential wall 31' is present, which merges with a Umbugradius 30 'in the cheek body 32'. The preparation of the cheek eyes 28 'and 29' is carried out quite analogously, as was explained in the stage.

The bridge 7 'has a recess 51 on its upper side, with which it bears against the tread element 22'. The same applies, of course, to the bridge 7 ", resulting in slots between the two bridges 7 'and 7", on the one hand, and the tread element 22', into which a support 52 with tabs 53 can be inserted. This support 52 supports the tread element 22 'at the two lateral edges where the tread element 22' projects beyond the bridges 7 'and 7 "(the bridges 7' and 7" terminate at the side cheeks 3 'and 5'.) Thus this is Tread element supported over its entire width.

Claims (11)

1. Step (1) for an escalator or plate (1') for a moving walkway, comprising a step skeleton (2) or plate skeleton as support for at least one tread element (22, 22'), wherein the step skeleton (2) or plate skeleton comprises, as load-bearing components, side cheeks (3, 5; 3', 5') and at least one centre cheek (4; 4', 4", 4'"), which extend in the travel direction of the step (1) or plate (1') and which are connected by means of components (6, 7, 8; 7', 7") extending transversely to the travel direction, whereby when the step (1) or plate (1') is loaded the force is distributed to all cheeks (3, 4, 5; 3', 4', 4", 4"', 5'), wherein the step skeleton (2) or plate skeleton is constructed as sheet metal parts, characterised in that, as load-bearing components, side cheeks (3, 5; 3', 5') and at least one centre cheek (4; 4', 4", 4'") are produced by means of a deep-drawing method, that the cheeks (3, 4, 5; 3', 4', 4", 4'", 5') comprise a cheek body (26, 32; 26') and a wall-like stiffening (27, 44; 27') along the edges of the cheek body (26, 32; 26'), that the cheeks (3, 4, 5; 3', 4', 4", 4"', 5') have cheek eyes (28, 29, 34; 28', 29') in the form of passages which are surrounded by protruding edges and which serve for the fastening of axles (13, 33; 13', 13"), and that a respective step roller (9, 11) or plate roller (9', 11') is provided for each side cheek (3, 5; 3', 5'), wherein an axle pin (33) supporting the step roller (9, 11) or plate roller (9', 11') is arranged at a cheek eye (28, 34; 28') and a cap (42) is provided which additionally strengthens the connection of the axle pin (33) with the cheek body (26, 32; 26') and stiffens the cheek body (26, 32; 26') at the location.
2. Step according to claim 1, characterised in that the step skeleton (2) additionally serves as a support for at least one riser element (24).
3. Step or plate according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the ratio of the sheet metal thickness of the cheek body (26, 32; 26') of the cheeks (3, 4, 5; 3', 4', 4", 4'", 5') to the height (D1) of the stiffening (27, 44; 27') is at least 1:10.
4. Step or plate according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a step axle (13) or plate axle (13', 13") is provided, which penetrates the cheeks (3, 4, 5; 3', 4", 4'", 5') and has for each step side or plate side a respective entrainer axle (17, 20; 17', 20') pushable onto a chain pin of a chain roller of the step chain or plate chain.
5. Step according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the components connecting the cheeks (3, 4, 5) are a carrier (6), a bridge (7) and a bracket (8), which are connected with the cheeks (3, 4, 5) without screws and connected with the tread element (22) and the riser element (24) without screws or connected by welding.
6. Step according to claim 5, characterised in that a step edge (23) into which the tread element (22) and/or the riser element (24) is or are insertable is arranged at the bridge (7).
7. Plate according to any one of claims 1, 3 and 4, characterised in that the components connecting the cheeks (3', 4', 4", 4''', 5') are two bridges (7', 7") which are connected with the cheeks (3', 4', 4", 4''', 5') without screws and are connected with the tread element (22) without screws or connected by welding.
8. Step or plate according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the step (1) or plate (1') has a weight of approximately 8.6 kilograms for a step width or plate width of 600 millimetres, a weight of approximately 10.8 kilograms for a step width or plate width of 800 millimetres or a weight of approximately 13.1 kilograms for a step width or plate width of 1000 millimetres.
9. Method of producing a step (1) or plate (1') according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising a step skeleton (2) or plate skeleton made of sheet metal parts, characterised in that, as load-bearing components, side cheeks (3, 5; 3', 5') and at least one centre cheek (4; 4', 4", 4'") are produced by means of a deep-drawing method in which a cheek (3, 4, 5; 3', 4', 4", 4"', 5') is formed from a two-dimensional sheet metal blank as a three-dimensional body with base or cheek body (26, 32; 26') and stiffenings (27; 27') or walls (31; 31') and after the re-shaping the edge is separated from the walls (31; 31') by trimming, that the base is re-shaped to form cheek eyes (28, 29, 34'; 28', 29') in further deep-drawing steps and that a respective step roller (9, 11) or plate roller (9', 11') is provided for each side cheek (3, 5; 3', 5'), wherein an axle pin (33) supporting the step roller (9, 11) or plate roller (9', 11') is arranged at a cheek eye (28, 34; 28') and a cap (42) is provided which additionally strengthens the connection of the axle pin (33) with the cheek body (26, 32; 26') and stiffens the cheek body (26, 32; 26') at its location.
10. Escalator with at least one step according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or 8.
11. Moving walkway with at least one plate according to any one of claims 1, 3, 4, 7 and 8.

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