EP2204344B1 - Nip device and nip method - Google Patents
Nip device and nip method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2204344B1 EP2204344B1 EP08846122A EP08846122A EP2204344B1 EP 2204344 B1 EP2204344 B1 EP 2204344B1 EP 08846122 A EP08846122 A EP 08846122A EP 08846122 A EP08846122 A EP 08846122A EP 2204344 B1 EP2204344 B1 EP 2204344B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- film
- jetting
- roll
- nip
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Not-in-force
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H20/00—Advancing webs
- B65H20/02—Advancing webs by friction roller
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H18/00—Winding webs
- B65H18/08—Web-winding mechanisms
- B65H18/10—Mechanisms in which power is applied to web-roll spindle
- B65H18/103—Reel-to-reel type web winding and unwinding mechanisms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H23/00—Registering, tensioning, smoothing or guiding webs
- B65H23/04—Registering, tensioning, smoothing or guiding webs longitudinally
- B65H23/18—Registering, tensioning, smoothing or guiding webs longitudinally by controlling or regulating the web-advancing mechanism, e.g. mechanism acting on the running web
- B65H23/188—Registering, tensioning, smoothing or guiding webs longitudinally by controlling or regulating the web-advancing mechanism, e.g. mechanism acting on the running web in connection with running-web
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2406/00—Means using fluid
- B65H2406/10—Means using fluid made only for exhausting gaseous medium
- B65H2406/11—Means using fluid made only for exhausting gaseous medium producing fluidised bed
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2701/00—Handled material; Storage means
- B65H2701/10—Handled articles or webs
- B65H2701/17—Nature of material
- B65H2701/171—Physical features of handled article or web
- B65H2701/1719—Photosensitive, e.g. exposure, photographic or phosphor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a nip apparatus and a nip method which press a material such as a band-shaped film to be treated on a supporting member such as a roll.
- a nip apparatus which a band-shaped film is conveyed while being supported on a rotating roll
- a part of air is enclosed in a film
- the enclosed air forms air bubbles causes a partial elevation of film.
- the partial elevation of the film changes a gap between the film surface and a post-processing device through which the film is subjected to post-processing such as coating or plasma processing, causing problem of resulting in incapability of uniform post-processing.
- a film supported on a roll (referred to as a supporting roll) is pressed against the roll at an appropriate pressure employing a roll with elasticity (referred to as an elastic roll), thereby bringing the film into close contact with the supporting roll.
- the technique employing the elastic roll dirt on the elastic roll surface is transferred to the film, since the elastic roll is in contact with the film. Further, the technique employing the elastic roll has problem in that since the elastic roll rotates while deforming along the outer circumference of the supporting roll, microscopic slippage takes place at the interface between the film and the elastic roll, producing scratches due to slippage on the film surface.
- Patent Document 1 In order to prevent the dirt transfer or scratches due to slippage as described above, a technique is disclosed in, for example, Patent Document 1, in which compressed air is jetted onto a band-shaped film supported on a supporting roll, thereby improving contact between the film and the roll without employing an elastic roll.
- Patent Document 2 A technique is disclosed in Patent Document 2 in which air present between a film and a supporting roll having numerous minute holes in the surface is sucked through the minute holes, thereby improving contact between the film and the roll.
- JP2005089149 is titled TAKE-UP DEVICE FOR TAPE and does disclose a a take-up device for a tape capable of making a nozzle certainly follow the outer peripheral surface of a tape roll and applying a certain pressure to the outer peripheral surface of the tape roll.
- the nozzle 16 of the take-up device 10 is disposed faced to the outer peripheral surface of the tape roll 15, and air is blown off from the nozzle 16 toward the outer peripheral surface of the tape roll 15.
- the nozzle 16 is fixed to a linear guide 21, and is supported movably with the tape roll 15.
- JP2005263456 is titled TAPE WINDER and does disclose a tape winder, applying fixed energizing force to the outer peripheral surface of a tape roll to thereby obtain a tape roll of good quality.
- This tape winder includes: a take-up shaft for winding the tape to form a tape roll; and a nozzle 16 for spraying gas to the outer peripheral surface of the tape roll in winding the tape.
- a throttle part 16C which is a gas passage having a predetermined sectional area, is provided in the interior of the nozzle 16, the tip of the nozzle is a recessed blow-out part 16A having a sectional area larger than the sectional area of the throttle part, and the blow-out part and the throttle part are communicated with each other.
- JP2005096915 is titled APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR TAKING UP FILM and does disclose an air nozzle 28 provided at a circumferential surface of the film roll 14 of a film take-up device 10 which takes up the TAC film 11.
- a slit conditioned air nozzle opening 28a of which length is 0.7 to 1.1 times or more preferably 0.7 to 0.9 times the length in a width direction of the TAC film 11 is formed at the air nozzle 28.
- high pressure air is generated by a high pressure type blower 32 connected through an air pipe 33, and air is blown to the peripheral surface of the film roll 14 from the air nozzle opening 28a to spray air, thus removing air entering in the film roll 14 at the time of taking up the film without using the pressure roll.
- Patent Document 2 has problem in that scratches due to edges of the numerous minute holes are produced on the surface on the side facing the roll of the film.
- An object of the invention is to provide a nip apparatus and a nip method which reduce consumption of gas used without scratches which are produced when a material to be treated (such as a band-shaped film and the like) is pressed against a support (such as a roll and the like).
- a material to be treated such as a band-shaped film and the like
- a support such as a roll and the like
- a gas storage chamber which stores gas with a pressure higher than outside atmospheric pressure, is disposed at a position facing a film, and a band-shaped film can be conveyed while being pressed against a roll with a reduced consumption of gas.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic drawing showing the structure of the nip apparatus 1 in the invention.
- the nip device 1 comprises a roll 3 and a gas jetting device 4, a band-shaped film 2 being supported on the roll 3 and the gas jetting device jetting gas onto the band-shaped film 2 supported on the roll 3.
- a jetting nozzle 5 as a gas introduction pipe is disposed at a position facing the film 2.
- a surrounding wall 6 is disposed at the tip end of the jetting nozzle 5, the surrounding wall connecting the jetting nozzle 5 and extending to the vicinity of the surface of the film 2.
- the surrounding wall 6 has a port diameter greater than the pipe diameter of the jetting nozzle 5, constituting a gas storage chamber 7.
- the gas storage chamber which has a diameter (or a sectional area) greater than a pipe diameter (or a sectional area) of the gas introduction pipe, and is not completely opened, makes it possible to jet a high pressure gas onto an area broader than an area onto which a nozzle jets the gas, providing an excellent nip effect and reducing gas consumption amount.
- the nip apparatus has a structure that the stream diameter (or sectional area) of the gas stream increases in the gas storage chamber but a relatively high pressure of the gas is maintained.
- the gas storage chamber comprises a gas jetting port and jets gas onto the film 2, whereby the film 2 can be pressed against the roll 3.
- the jetting nozzle 5 and the surrounding wall 6 are explained as being different members but they may be integrated into one body.
- the roll 3 rotates in the direction as shown by an arrow Y, and the band-shaped film moves in the direction as shown by an arrow X.
- Gas jetted by the gas jetting device is temporarily stored in a space formed from the surrounding wall, the end surface of the jetting nozzle and the surface of the film 2. This space forms a gas storage chamber 7.
- Gas G which is ejected from the gas jetting device 4 and has a pressure higher than outside atmospheric pressure, is stored in the gas storage chamber 7.
- the gas G with higher pressure is discharged from the gas storage chamber 7 through a gap S between the surrounding wall 6 and the film 2.
- a filter F for removing impurities in the gas G is provided in a path through which the gas G passes.
- the filter is provided between the gas jetting device 4 and a compressor 9 which compresses the gas G
- the gas jetting device 4 is explained as pressing gas against one portion of the band-shaped film surface.
- Plural gas jetting device may be provided in the width direction (from the front of the page to the back of the page) of the band-shaped film 4, thereby linearly applying uniform pressure to the surface in the width direction of the film.
- the gas jetting device can be a gas jetting device in the form of a slit capable of linearly jetting gas onto the entire surface in the width direction of the film.
- the jetting port of the gas storage chamber the sectional area of the gas storage chamber is larger than the tip port of the slit (the sectional area of the gas introduction pipe).
- a step may be carried out in which the pressed film is subjected to post-treatment such as coating, UV irradiation or plasma on that roll.
- the gas pressure GF was 1200 hPa in the device of the invention with the gas storage chamber 7, while the gas pressure GF was 2000 hPa in the conventional device without the gas storage chamber 7.
- the nip apparatus of the invention with the gas storage chamber 7 enabled to convey the film 2 while pressing the film against the roll 3 without causing scratches due to film slippage at a gas pressure GF of about 1.1 times the atmospheric pressure 1013 (hPa). This shows that the gas in the gas storage chamber 7 uniformly presses the film surface.
- the conventional nip apparatus required a gas pressure GF of about 2 times the atmospheric pressure, in order to obtain the same performance as described above.
- the nip apparatus of the invention comprising a gas storage chamber 7, which stores gas with a pressure higher than outside atmospheric pressure, enables to convey while pressing a band-shaped film against a roll in a reduced amount of gas.
Landscapes
- Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Advancing Webs (AREA)
- Registering, Tensioning, Guiding Webs, And Rollers Therefor (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
Description
- The present invention relates to a nip apparatus and a nip method which press a material such as a band-shaped film to be treated on a supporting member such as a roll.
- In a nip apparatus which a band-shaped film is conveyed while being supported on a rotating roll, when the film is provided on the roll, a part of air is enclosed in a film, the enclosed air forms air bubbles causes a partial elevation of film. The partial elevation of the film changes a gap between the film surface and a post-processing device through which the film is subjected to post-processing such as coating or plasma processing, causing problem of resulting in incapability of uniform post-processing.
- In order to solve such a problem, there is proposed a method in which a film supported on a roll (referred to as a supporting roll) is pressed against the roll at an appropriate pressure employing a roll with elasticity (referred to as an elastic roll), thereby bringing the film into close contact with the supporting roll.
- However, in the technique employing the elastic roll, dirt on the elastic roll surface is transferred to the film, since the elastic roll is in contact with the film. Further, the technique employing the elastic roll has problem in that since the elastic roll rotates while deforming along the outer circumference of the supporting roll, microscopic slippage takes place at the interface between the film and the elastic roll, producing scratches due to slippage on the film surface.
- In order to prevent the dirt transfer or scratches due to slippage as described above, a technique is disclosed in, for example, Patent Document 1, in which compressed air is jetted onto a band-shaped film supported on a supporting roll, thereby improving contact between the film and the roll without employing an elastic roll.
- A technique is disclosed in
Patent Document 2 in which air present between a film and a supporting roll having numerous minute holes in the surface is sucked through the minute holes, thereby improving contact between the film and the roll. - Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent O.P I. Publication No.
59-92856 - Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent O.P.I. Publication No.
2003-171044 -
JP2005089149 -
JP2005263456 -
JP2005096915 - However, in the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1, it is necessary that the compressed air is continuously jetted on the film surface while maintaining a pressure higher than outside atmospheric pressure and consumption of the air is too large. The technique, when expensive gas such as a nitrogen gas needs to be employed as air to be compressed, increases the gas cost, and therefore, is not considered to be useful.
- The technique disclosed in
Patent Document 2 has problem in that scratches due to edges of the numerous minute holes are produced on the surface on the side facing the roll of the film. - An object of the invention is to provide a nip apparatus and a nip method which reduce consumption of gas used without scratches which are produced when a material to be treated (such as a band-shaped film and the like) is pressed against a support (such as a roll and the like).
- The above object of the invention can be attained by a nip apparatus according to claims 1 - 3 and a method according to claim 4.
- In the invention, a gas storage chamber, which stores gas with a pressure higher than outside atmospheric pressure, is disposed at a position facing a film, and a band-shaped film can be conveyed while being pressed against a roll with a reduced consumption of gas.
-
-
Fig. 1 is a schematic drawing showing the structure of the nip apparatus 1 in the invention. -
- 1.
- Nip apparatus
- 2.
- Film
- 3.
- Roll
- 4.
- Gas jetting device
- 5.
- Jetting nozzle
- 6.
- Surrounding wall
- 7.
- Gas storage chamber
- 8.
- Gas discharge device
- The preferred embodiment of the invention will be explained below. The present invention will be explained employing the embodiment illustrated but the present invention is not limited thereto. A definite explanation of the preferred embodiment of the invention made below shows the best mode of the invention but does not limit the terms or technical scope described.
- Next, the present invention will be explained, referring to the drawing.
-
Fig. 1 is a schematic drawing showing the structure of the nip apparatus 1 in the invention. In the drawing, the nip device 1 comprises aroll 3 and a gas jetting device 4, a band-shaped film 2 being supported on theroll 3 and the gas jetting device jetting gas onto the band-shaped film 2 supported on theroll 3. - In the gas jetting device 4, a jetting nozzle 5 as a gas introduction pipe is disposed at a position facing the
film 2. A surrounding wall 6 is disposed at the tip end of the jetting nozzle 5, the surrounding wall connecting the jetting nozzle 5 and extending to the vicinity of the surface of thefilm 2. The surrounding wall 6 has a port diameter greater than the pipe diameter of the jetting nozzle 5, constituting a gas storage chamber 7. The gas storage chamber, which has a diameter (or a sectional area) greater than a pipe diameter (or a sectional area) of the gas introduction pipe, and is not completely opened, makes it possible to jet a high pressure gas onto an area broader than an area onto which a nozzle jets the gas, providing an excellent nip effect and reducing gas consumption amount. Namely, the nip apparatus has a structure that the stream diameter (or sectional area) of the gas stream increases in the gas storage chamber but a relatively high pressure of the gas is maintained. - The gas storage chamber comprises a gas jetting port and jets gas onto the
film 2, whereby thefilm 2 can be pressed against theroll 3. Herein, the jetting nozzle 5 and the surrounding wall 6 are explained as being different members but they may be integrated into one body. - The
roll 3 rotates in the direction as shown by an arrow Y, and the band-shaped film moves in the direction as shown by an arrow X. Gas jetted by the gas jetting device is temporarily stored in a space formed from the surrounding wall, the end surface of the jetting nozzle and the surface of thefilm 2. This space forms a gas storage chamber 7. Gas G , which is ejected from the gas jetting device 4 and has a pressure higher than outside atmospheric pressure, is stored in the gas storage chamber 7. The gas G with higher pressure is discharged from the gas storage chamber 7 through a gap S between the surrounding wall 6 and thefilm 2. The gas, G discharged from the gas storage chamber 7, accumulates in the nip apparatus 1 unless any processing is carried out, and when the accumulated gas leaks from the device, the leaked gas has problem in that it may be harmful to human body due to kinds of gas used. Accordingly, a gas discharge device 8, which sucks the gas G and discharges the gas toward a predetermined section, is provided in the vicinity of the gap S so as not to allow extra gas to accumulate in the nip apparatus 1. In this case, it is preferred that the amount of the sucked gas is larger than the jetting amount of gas jetted by the gas jetting device. - In the gas jetting device 4, a filter F for removing impurities in the gas G is provided in a path through which the gas G passes. In the embodiment of the invention, the filter is provided between the gas jetting device 4 and a
compressor 9 which compresses the gas G In this drawing, the gas jetting device 4 is explained as pressing gas against one portion of the band-shaped film surface. Plural gas jetting device may be provided in the width direction (from the front of the page to the back of the page) of the band-shaped film 4, thereby linearly applying uniform pressure to the surface in the width direction of the film. - The gas jetting device can be a gas jetting device in the form of a slit capable of linearly jetting gas onto the entire surface in the width direction of the film. In this case, it is necessary that the jetting port of the gas storage chamber (the sectional area of the gas storage chamber is larger than the tip port of the slit (the sectional area of the gas introduction pipe).
- After the film is pressed against the roll, a step may be carried out in which the pressed film is subjected to post-treatment such as coating, UV irradiation or plasma on that roll.
- The difference in gas pressure GF (hPa) of the gas jetted by the gas jetting device 4 between the device of the invention with the gas storage chamber 7 and a conventional device without the gas storage chamber 7 was determined in the experiment. The results are shown below.
- The experiment was carried out under the following conditions.
S = 1mm
W = 1000 mm
V = 500 mm/sec.
wherein S (mm) represents a gap between the surrounding wall 6 and the upper surface of thefilm 2, W (mm) represents the width of thefilm 2, and v (mm/sec.) represents a take-up speed at which thefilm 2 is taken-up. - The gas pressure GF was 1200 hPa in the device of the invention with the gas storage chamber 7, while the gas pressure GF was 2000 hPa in the conventional device without the gas storage chamber 7.
- In summary, the nip apparatus of the invention with the gas storage chamber 7 enabled to convey the
film 2 while pressing the film against theroll 3 without causing scratches due to film slippage at a gas pressure GF of about 1.1 times the atmospheric pressure 1013 (hPa). This shows that the gas in the gas storage chamber 7 uniformly presses the film surface. - In contrast, the conventional nip apparatus required a gas pressure GF of about 2 times the atmospheric pressure, in order to obtain the same performance as described above.
- Thus, the nip apparatus of the invention comprising a gas storage chamber 7, which stores gas with a pressure higher than outside atmospheric pressure, enables to convey while pressing a band-shaped film against a roll in a reduced amount of gas.
Claims (4)
- A nip apparatus (1) which presses a material to be treated (2) provided on a supporting member (3) against said supporting member by jetting gas (G) onto the surface of said material, the nip apparatus comprising:a gas jetting device(4) with a jetting opening (5) disposed in a position facing the supporting member, the material being provided between the jetting opening and the supporting member,wherein said gas jetting device comprises a gas introduction pipe for introducing gas to the jetting opening and a gas storage chamber (7) with a the jetting opening, connecting the gas introduction pipe and having a sectional area greater than that of the gas introduction pipecharacterized in thatsaid gas storage chamber stores said gas with a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure of about 1.1 times the atmospheric pressure.
- The nip apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a gas discharge device (8) which sucks gas and discharges the sucked gas in the vicinity of a gap between the supporting member and the jetting opening.
- The nip apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein the supporting member is a rotatory roll and the material to be treated is a band-shaped film, the film being supported on the rotatory roll.
- A nip method for pressing a material to be treated (2) provided on a supporting member (3) against said supporting member by jetting gas (G) onto the surface of said material, the nip method comprising the steps of:introducing gas into a gas introduction pipe with a specific diameter; anddischarging gas from a gas storage chamber (7) with a jetting opening (5), wherein the gas storage chamber connects the gas introduction pipe and has a sectional area greater than that of the gas introduction pipe,characterized in that,said gas storage chamber stores said gas with a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure of about 1.1 times the atmospheric pressure.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2007286284 | 2007-11-02 | ||
PCT/JP2008/068735 WO2009057454A1 (en) | 2007-11-02 | 2008-10-16 | Nip device and nip method |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2204344A1 EP2204344A1 (en) | 2010-07-07 |
EP2204344A4 EP2204344A4 (en) | 2011-12-07 |
EP2204344B1 true EP2204344B1 (en) | 2013-02-27 |
Family
ID=40590846
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP08846122A Not-in-force EP2204344B1 (en) | 2007-11-02 | 2008-10-16 | Nip device and nip method |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20100206931A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2204344B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5218417B2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009057454A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2014101159A (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2014-06-05 | Bellmatic Ltd | Transport device |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1140423B (en) * | 1959-03-18 | 1962-11-29 | Anton R Stobb | Device for pressing a paper strip against part of the circumference of a cylinder driving the paper by means of compressed air |
US3270932A (en) * | 1964-01-13 | 1966-09-06 | Sperry Rand Corp | Fluid controlled capstans with brakes |
US3420424A (en) * | 1966-01-10 | 1969-01-07 | Ibm | Concave-surfaced vacuum controlled air film |
FR2087183A5 (en) * | 1970-05-08 | 1971-12-31 | Loire Atel Forges | |
US3741453A (en) * | 1971-11-12 | 1973-06-26 | Bouligny R Inc | Piddler mechanism feeding means |
US4403847A (en) * | 1982-03-29 | 1983-09-13 | Eastman Kodak Company | Electrographic transfer apparatus |
JPS5992856A (en) * | 1982-11-19 | 1984-05-29 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Pincher |
JPS6186350U (en) * | 1984-11-13 | 1986-06-06 | ||
US5038990A (en) * | 1988-11-08 | 1991-08-13 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Pneumatic shoe for high speed filamentary capstan |
JPH02123307U (en) * | 1989-03-15 | 1990-10-11 | ||
JP2003171044A (en) | 2001-12-04 | 2003-06-17 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | Tension adjusting device |
JP2005084542A (en) * | 2003-09-10 | 2005-03-31 | Noritsu Koki Co Ltd | Film carrier |
JP2005089149A (en) * | 2003-09-19 | 2005-04-07 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Take-up device for tape |
JP4522069B2 (en) * | 2003-09-24 | 2010-08-11 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Film winding device and method |
JP2005263456A (en) * | 2004-03-19 | 2005-09-29 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Tape winder |
-
2008
- 2008-10-16 EP EP08846122A patent/EP2204344B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2008-10-16 US US12/680,037 patent/US20100206931A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-10-16 JP JP2009539001A patent/JP5218417B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-10-16 WO PCT/JP2008/068735 patent/WO2009057454A1/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP5218417B2 (en) | 2013-06-26 |
EP2204344A1 (en) | 2010-07-07 |
WO2009057454A1 (en) | 2009-05-07 |
EP2204344A4 (en) | 2011-12-07 |
US20100206931A1 (en) | 2010-08-19 |
JPWO2009057454A1 (en) | 2011-03-10 |
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