EP2203264A1 - Method and device for forming a bar stock, bar stock - Google Patents
Method and device for forming a bar stock, bar stockInfo
- Publication number
- EP2203264A1 EP2203264A1 EP08802474A EP08802474A EP2203264A1 EP 2203264 A1 EP2203264 A1 EP 2203264A1 EP 08802474 A EP08802474 A EP 08802474A EP 08802474 A EP08802474 A EP 08802474A EP 2203264 A1 EP2203264 A1 EP 2203264A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- forming tool
- rod material
- diameter
- forming
- bending
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C3/00—Profiling tools for metal drawing; Combinations of dies and mandrels
- B21C3/02—Dies; Selection of material therefor; Cleaning thereof
- B21C3/12—Die holders; Rotating dies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C3/00—Profiling tools for metal drawing; Combinations of dies and mandrels
- B21C3/02—Dies; Selection of material therefor; Cleaning thereof
- B21C3/08—Dies; Selection of material therefor; Cleaning thereof with section defined by rollers, balls, or the like
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and a device for forming a rod material and a rod material, on the one hand, a reduction of the cross-section takes place and additionally a bending of the rod material is performed.
- the tube bending processes known today are generally associated with high tooling costs, since the bending tools have to be adapted to the respective workpiece and in particular have to be specially adjusted to the respective pipe diameter.
- the radii or contours to be bent are each imaged by the tool.
- the object of the invention is therefore to at least partially solve the problems described with reference to the prior art and in particular to provide a method and a device by the particular thin-walled rod materials, such as pipes, as well as rod materials with novel high-strength materials simply, exactly and are low cost formable.
- the object is achieved by a method for forming a rod material, comprising at least the following steps: a) feeding the rod material with a first diameter to a circumferentially around the rod material circulating forming tool, b) reducing the first diameter of the rod material by the rotating forming tool towards a smaller second diameter; c) bending the bar stock through a deflector downstream of the forming tool, wherein the bending of the bar stock occurs in the region of an zone of influence of the forming die.
- a bar material can be bent flat (simple) or spatially (complex) with the possibility simultaneously of changing the diameter or the thickness of the workpiece along its longitudinal axis during bending.
- the bar material is secured against twisting during the forming process in particular.
- metallic rod materials ie, for example, elongated, closed or open profiles or round bodies, hollow profiles or tubes, are suitable for the method according to the invention.
- the rod material has a length which is significantly greater than the diameter, in particular with wire-like rod material may possibly also be spoken by an endless profile.
- the rod material is fed in a step a) with its first diameter (initial diameter or comparable extent specification) to a forming tool, wherein the forming tool rotates in the circumferential direction around the rod material and in particular rolls on the outer circumference of the profile.
- first diameter initial diameter or comparable extent specification
- this also means, for example, that the forming tool exerts forces on a portion of the peripheral surface of the rod material which enable a (uniform) diameter reduction.
- the rod material in its state still unprocessed by the method, has a first (middle) diameter, which is predetermined by its respective outer contour, which is reduced by the encircling forming tool in a step b).
- a plurality of forming tools can also be arranged one behind the other, in particular coaxially, so that a first diameter of the bar material can be reduced several times, but a single-stage reduction of the diameter is preferred in view of a simple and inexpensive construction of the device.
- the wall thickness is changed by the forming tool.
- Subordinate to the circulating forming tool (forming process) is a deflection device which allows bending of the bar material (bending process).
- the deflection device may be formed as a die, through which the
- the deflection device can also be used as a pen, as an angle or the like. It is preferred that the bending be carried out with a constant degree of bending during the method proposed here.
- the bending of the rod material in step c) takes place in the region of an influence zone of the forming tool, which is characterized by the local plastic deformation of the material of the rod material by the forming tool.
- the material of the rod material is locally plastically deformed. Due to the stress state introduced thereby, simultaneous bending is favored, so that in particular only small bending forces are to be used by the deflection device.
- the zone of influence characterizes the region of the rod material which is plastically deformed locally at a certain point in time, in which the material thus flows, so that further deformation of the material is possible, for example, by bending with little effort.
- the influence area can be maintained differently in time behind the forming tool, so that the influence range (ie the distance from the plastic deformation to the solidification) can be adjusted by the feed rate and the force of the forming tool.
- a defined solidification can be further introduced into the material of the rod material.
- a defined change in the rotational speed of the forming tool to the rod material at a constant feed rate (feed) of the rod material to the forming tool a different solidification can be introduced at the relevant point in the axial extent of the rod material.
- the rod material then has an increased strength at this point without significant geometric changes, in particular without geometric changes.
- defined failure zones for example, can be introduced into a component. This can be important, for example, in the crash behavior of a vehicle. A simultaneous bending of the rod material is not required to achieve these properties but possible.
- an inner cross-section of a hollow rod material is supported by a mandrel in at least one subregion of the zone of influence of the forming tool.
- the (free) inner cross section of the rod material is supported in at least a portion of its inner circumferential surface, so that in a partial region of the influence zone, the hollow rod material is reduced in its inner diameter only so far by the forming tool that it rests on the mandrel at least in a partial region.
- the mandrel does not extend into the portion of the zone of influence of the forming tool, in which the hollow bar material is already deformed by a bend, so that there is no unwanted overlap between mandrel and bar material as a result of the bend.
- the mandrel can in particular also be used in several successive forming steps, so that it extends in particular through all these forming steps, which produce an ever further reduced inner diameter of the bar material or obtain a constant inner diameter and reduce only the outer diameter or reduce the wall thickness. Due to the mandrel shape and the axial positioning of the mandrel, the influence of the forming tool on the material can be controlled. Thus, e.g. produced at a position of the mandrel directly under the forming components of the forming tool almost pure compressive stresses and thus a wall thickness reduction can be effected. At a position of the mandrel in front of the forming components of the forming tool, an in-line bending stress can be achieved within the tube wall so that the solidification introduced into the material of the hollow bar stock is reduced.
- a bending radius is set in step c) which deviates at most 5%, in particular at most 3%, from a radius of curvature of the bent rod material.
- bending radius refers to the radius which is set in method step c), for example by a system operator.
- the mentioned radius of curvature denotes the radius of the bent bar material, the End product can be measured or generated. The radius of curvature is thus greater in particular by the amount of springback than the set bending radius.
- Forming tool is very low. As a result, a precise bending or an accurate setting of the bending radius is possible, so that it is in particular identical to the final radius of curvature generated. In this case, it is possible to produce radii of curvature which deviate in particular less than 2% and also less than 1% from the bending radius. This can cause errors in the estimation of the
- the forming tool has a rotational speed about the rod material from 50 to
- the rotational speed is preferably to be selected in the upper specified range in order to carry out an economic process with acceptable centrifugal forces. This can be the whole
- a particularly fast circumscribing forming tool transfers the material in the zone of influence of the forming tool into a state of stress in which the material of the bar material is already partly or completely made to flow, so that no high forces are required for the actual bending process and the springback is additionally reduced ,
- the ratio of bending radius (R B ) to a second diameter (D 2 ) is in a range of 1 to 5 (5 ⁇ RB / D 2 ⁇ 1), preferably in a range of 1 to 3 and more preferably in a range of 1 to 2.
- This ratio of set bending radius RB TO a second diameter D 2 , the outer diameter after forming the Bar material is a parameter for the achievable degree of deformation of the bending of the rod material.
- rod material is in particular also machined from high-strength material, e.g. made of heat-resistant steel, TRIP (transformation-induced plasticity) steel, dual-phase steel, titanium alloys or aluminum alloys.
- high-strength material e.g. made of heat-resistant steel, TRIP (transformation-induced plasticity) steel, dual-phase steel, titanium alloys or aluminum alloys.
- the step b) is performed with varying rotational speed of the forming tool, wherein in particular locally limited portions of the rod material are influenced in terms of material properties, in particular solidified.
- the rotational speed is significantly varied, in particular by more than 10%, preferably by more than 25% and especially by more than 50% of the present rotational speed. It is preferred that the rotational speed is increased at least once and once lowered, in particular again to an initial value.
- the change can in particular be made abruptly in order to produce the desired material properties with high selectivity in the individual locally limited subregions.
- the other parameters, such as delivery of the forming tool in the radial direction, feed of the rod material, etc. can advantageously support this effect and be adjusted accordingly, or varied. For example, failure points of the component can be generated in a targeted and defined manner.
- the device of the invention to which the invention is further directed is characterized in that it is suitable for forming a bar stock comprising at least one forming tool circumferentially around the bar stock for reducing a first diameter of the bar stock to a smaller second diameter, a feed unit for generating a feed of the rod material relative to the peripheral forming tool and a deflecting device movable relative to the forming tool for bending the bar stock.
- the device described here is particularly suitable for carrying out the method also described here according to the invention. Also, therefore, to explain the function or operation of the device to the explanations to the described forming method can be used.
- device is here meant, on the one hand, a system built especially for this purpose, and one tool set, which can be constructed, for example, on rotary devices.
- the apparatus For performing a combined forming-bending process, the apparatus comprises a feed unit which either pushes bar stock through the forming tool or pulls it through the forming tool. A combination of these two characteristics is also possible.
- the device has (at least one) circumferential forming tool. This forming tool may rotate completely or partially (e.g., individual rolling bodies in contact with the bar stock) around the bar stock.
- the rotational axis of the forming tool is preferably substantially parallel to the feed direction of the rod material in the region of the forming tool, so that a forming force can act tangentially and radially on the cross section thereof.
- the deflector which is downstream of the forming tool in the feed direction, bends the bar stock and for this purpose has an adapted receptacle or guide for the bar stock. It should be pointed out here that if necessary at least two of the units mentioned here (forming tool, feed unit, deflection device) can be combined or integrated with one another.
- this has a control which is in particular programmable or makes a direct intervention possible and by which in particular all components of the device can be controlled automatically.
- the deflection device can be positioned by the controller.
- positioning means, in particular, a displacement in the three-dimensional space behind the forming tool, as well as a rotation of the deflection device about all three spatial axes,
- the position of the deflection device can be controlled and changed during the forming process still unbent but already formed rod material after the forming tool possible, so that an additional guidance of the rod material to the deflection is not mandatory.
- the control is furthermore particularly suitable for performing at least one of the following functions: the feed, the rotational speed of the forming tool and the positioning of the dome for supporting an inner cross-section to control, regulate or position.
- the at least one forming tool is a rotating flow-forming tool.
- this flow-forming tool has a base body with a recess through which the rod material is passed during the process.
- a plurality of rollers are arranged on this body, which are rotatable about their own axis, and are in contact with the bar material and thus effect the deformation of the bar material.
- at least two but also more (for example 4, 5, 6, 8, 10) rollers can be arranged around the rod material on the base body of the flow-forming tool.
- the rollers are preferably cylindrical, but this is not mandatory.
- the rollers are also regularly driven by themselves.
- the axes of the rollers are arranged in particular parallel to the axis of rotation of the forming tool.
- the rotating flow-forming tool has radially deliverable rollers and the apparatus in particular a controller, in particular for the automated feed of the rollers.
- the rollers arranged on the main body of the rotating flow-forming tool are radially on the base body of the flow-forming tool deliverable bar stock, or even removable, so that different outer contours and / or degrees of plastic deformation of the rod material can be generated.
- the speed of delivery is coupled with the speed of the feed, so that transitions such. B. radii or conicities can be adjusted as desired.
- the rolls may have different shapes. They may be conically shaped, cylindrical or spherical and in particular have any other shapes.
- this has a mandrel which at least partially supports an inner cross section of the rod material in at least one subregion of an influence zone of the at least one forming tool.
- the mandrel is regularly relative to the position of the forming tool relatively movable and can in particular partially immerse in the forming tool.
- the rod material according to the invention is produced by the method according to the invention or by the device according to the invention and has at least one failure zone.
- This failure zone is defined in particular by at least one locally deviating material property of the rod material, which is introduced in particular into the rod material by coordinated process variants.
- These locally deviating material properties may in particular be present over the entire circumference bounded in the axial direction of extension of the rod material, whereby deviating material properties are present over the entire cross section of the rod material (in comparison to other axial regions).
- partial regions of the circumference of an axial bar material section or partial regions of the cross section of the bar material may also have locally differing material properties.
- the rod material is made particularly brittle in these areas, so that a failure point is defined by this material property.
- a material property is, in particular, a mechanical property, possibly at least one of the group: strength, hardness, ductility, microstructure, solidification, degree of deformation, etc.
- Fig. 2 another device during the process in perspective
- Fig. 4 another device during the process in a supervision And
- FIG. 5 shows a cross section through the side view of a device.
- Fig. 1 shows here the device 13 for combined spin forming and bending a bar stock 1 by a rotating flow-forming tool 16, here as
- Forming tool 2 is used, with three rollers 17, around which, through the
- bar material 1 are arranged rotatably around.
- the bar stock 1 has a first diameter 3 in front of it
- Forming tool 2 and is pressed by a feed device 14 with a feed 15 through the forming tool 2 therethrough. It is the
- Forming tool 2 reduced to a second diameter 11 after the forming tool 2.
- Rod material 1 in the influence zone 5 of the forming tool 2 partially plastically deformed (outside), so that the bending of the rod material 1 with lower forces is possible.
- the deflecting device 4 arranged downstream of the forming tool 2 is set in such a way, optionally by a controller 18, that a bending radius 9 is generated. In this case, this bending radius 9 is entered in the controller 18 or set on the device 13, wherein as a result of the spring back of the rod material 1 after bending a radius of curvature 10 occurs in the final product of the rod material 1 produced.
- the controller 18 is particularly suitable for a common control of at least feed unit 14, rotational and delivery speed or feed path of the rollers 17, rotational speed of the forming tool 2 and positioning of the deflection device 4. This is illustrated in FIG. 1 by the dashed connecting lines between the control unit 18 and the individual device components.
- FIG. 2 shows a further device 13 in a perspective view, wherein the rear side of the forming tool 2 with the roll axis receptacles 23 in the main body 19 is shown.
- the deflection device 4 is designed as a die, through which the rod material 1 extends. By the forming tool 2, the first diameter 3 of the rod material is reduced to the second diameter 11.
- Fig. 3 shows schematically a plan view of the flow-forming die 16, which consists essentially of a base body 19 and, in this case, three on the
- Base body 19 rotatably arranged rollers 17 consists. It rotates
- Rod material 1 which in the area in front of the forming a first
- the rollers 17 are shown in this embodiment in a conical design whose smaller diameter with the first
- Diameter 3 of the rod material 1 engages and their larger
- Diameter produced the deformed second diameter 11 of the rod material 1.
- FIG. 4 schematically shows a plan view of a further device 13 with a rolling-press tool 16, essentially consisting of a base body 19 and arranged on rollers 17, which can perform a feed movement 20 by feed units.
- the main body 19 rotate in a first rotational direction 21 about the rod material 1 and the rollers in a second direction of rotation 22, wherein the rollers 17 roll on the circumference of the rod material 1.
- FIG. 5 shows schematically a cross section through the device 13, wherein here a hollow bar material 1 is shown, with a first diameter 3 in front of the forming tool 2 and an inner cross section 6 and a corresponding wall thickness 12.
- the bar material 1 is in the region of the influence zone 5 of Forming tool 2 reduced from the first diameter 3 to the second diameter 11, wherein a mandrel 7 is inserted at least into a portion 8 of the influence zone 5 of the forming tool 2, so that in this area the bar material 1 is supported with its inner cross section 6 on the mandrel 7 ,
- a failure zone 24 is generated by corresponding change of one or more process parameters.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SI200830325T SI2203264T1 (en) | 2007-09-28 | 2008-09-22 | Method and device for forming a bar stock, bar stock |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102007046870A DE102007046870A1 (en) | 2007-09-28 | 2007-09-28 | Method and device for forming a rod material |
PCT/EP2008/007979 WO2009043500A1 (en) | 2007-09-28 | 2008-09-22 | Method and device for forming a bar stock, bar stock |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2203264A1 true EP2203264A1 (en) | 2010-07-07 |
EP2203264B1 EP2203264B1 (en) | 2011-04-27 |
Family
ID=40210470
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP08802474A Not-in-force EP2203264B1 (en) | 2007-09-28 | 2008-09-22 | Method and device for forming a bar stock, bar stock |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2203264B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE507015T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE102007046870A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2365448T3 (en) |
SI (1) | SI2203264T1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009043500A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102016013672A1 (en) | 2016-11-10 | 2018-05-17 | Technische Universität Dortmund | Apparatus and method for planar or spatial bending of profiles by a rolling process |
CN109909338B (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2020-10-30 | 西北工业大学 | Bending mechanism for spinning, bending and incremental forming process of pipe |
RU2743269C1 (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2021-02-16 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Магнитогорский государственный технический университет им. Г.И. Носова" (ФГБОУ ВО "МГТУ им. Г.И. Носова") | Round calibrated steel with ultrafine-grained structure production method |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR548258A (en) * | 1922-03-06 | 1923-01-11 | Le Tube Sa | Method and device for drawing metal tubes |
FR831265A (en) * | 1936-12-24 | 1938-08-29 | Metallurg Bresciana Gia Tempin | System and device for stretching cylindrical tubes or rods |
US3013652A (en) | 1959-02-18 | 1961-12-19 | Amaconda American Brass Compan | Tube drawing apparatus |
CA934583A (en) * | 1970-01-13 | 1973-10-02 | Westinghouse Canada Limited | Roll reduction of tubing |
DD117367A1 (en) * | 1975-02-03 | 1976-01-12 | ||
FR2467644A1 (en) | 1979-10-25 | 1981-04-30 | Savin Gennady | Reducing tube dia. and wall thickness - by drawing through die using self-centring core formed as truncated cones connected at small ends |
EP0060820B2 (en) * | 1981-03-13 | 1989-10-18 | Santrade Ltd. | Method and apparatus for production of tubes |
JP3504967B2 (en) * | 1994-01-31 | 2004-03-08 | アイシン精機株式会社 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING BENDED TUBE WITH NON-CIRCULAR SECTION |
-
2007
- 2007-09-28 DE DE102007046870A patent/DE102007046870A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2008
- 2008-09-22 ES ES08802474T patent/ES2365448T3/en active Active
- 2008-09-22 SI SI200830325T patent/SI2203264T1/en unknown
- 2008-09-22 DE DE502008003376T patent/DE502008003376D1/en active Active
- 2008-09-22 EP EP08802474A patent/EP2203264B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2008-09-22 AT AT08802474T patent/ATE507015T1/en active
- 2008-09-22 WO PCT/EP2008/007979 patent/WO2009043500A1/en active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2009043500A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SI2203264T1 (en) | 2011-09-30 |
WO2009043500A1 (en) | 2009-04-09 |
EP2203264B1 (en) | 2011-04-27 |
ATE507015T1 (en) | 2011-05-15 |
ES2365448T3 (en) | 2011-10-05 |
DE502008003376D1 (en) | 2011-06-09 |
DE102007046870A1 (en) | 2009-04-09 |
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