EP2200050B1 - Processing unit comprising means for controlling an electromagnetic actuator and electromagnetic actuator comprising such a processing unit - Google Patents

Processing unit comprising means for controlling an electromagnetic actuator and electromagnetic actuator comprising such a processing unit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2200050B1
EP2200050B1 EP09354048.2A EP09354048A EP2200050B1 EP 2200050 B1 EP2200050 B1 EP 2200050B1 EP 09354048 A EP09354048 A EP 09354048A EP 2200050 B1 EP2200050 B1 EP 2200050B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
processing unit
excitation pulse
cycle
control means
unit according
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EP09354048.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2200050A1 (en
Inventor
Cédric BRICQUET
Eric Fernandez
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
    • H01F2007/1888—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings using pulse width modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/10—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures specially adapted for alternating current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/22—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil
    • H01H47/32—Energising current supplied by semiconductor device
    • H01H47/325—Energising current supplied by semiconductor device by switching regulator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
    • H01H50/546—Contact arrangements for contactors having bridging contacts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a processing unit comprising control means for acting on at least one excitation coil for moving a movable armature of an electromagnetic actuator, said control means generating a periodic voltage wave frame comprising at least one excitation coil less n alternans rectified.
  • the invention also relates to an electromagnetic actuator comprising such a processing unit.
  • the function of an electromagnetic actuator is to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy.
  • Mechanical energy is used to set a mechanical load in motion.
  • the displacement of the mechanical load is generally done by opposing forces, called load forces.
  • an electromagnetic actuator is related to its conditions of use. Certain external conditions depend in particular on the nature and / or the number of devices to be operated. Other external conditions depend on the operating temperature of the actuator. Finally, the operation of the actuator also depends on the supply voltage range, the supply voltage may be a constant or alternating voltage. Other internal conditions depend in particular on the state of aging of the actuator.
  • the control law of the actuator must be capable of generating a force ensuring the movement of the mechanical load in a wide range. operating range.
  • the actuator In practice, for example, the actuator must be able to move the mechanical load in the case where the resistant forces are maximum and the supply voltage is minimal.
  • some known solutions determine the energy sent into the actuator under the most unfavorable operating conditions: the largest number of devices to operate, maximum wear, minimum voltage and high operating temperature.
  • the electromagnetic actuator is sized to close under unfavorable conditions, then conversely when it closes under favorable conditions, the energy sent will be disproportionate and may induce malfunctions such as rebounds of the parts of hanging. These rebounds can cause damage to the mechanical structure of the actuator.
  • the current systems then send a control energy that is too high compared to the resistance offered by the mechanism to be controlled.
  • the invention therefore aims to overcome the disadvantages of the state of the art, so as to provide a processing unit capable of generating a versatile control law.
  • the control means of the processing unit generate a periodic voltage wave frame comprising three or at least five rectified alternations, each alternation comprising at least a first and at least a second excitation pulse order, the pulsed excitation commands being adjusted by a synchronization signal with respect to the voltage waves.
  • the first pulse excitation order substantially starts at a voltage zero of one half cycle
  • the second pulse drive pulse ends substantially at a voltage zero of said half cycle.
  • the electrical energy generated by the pulse orders of excitation of a first halfwave is less than the electrical energy generated by the pulse orders of excitation of a second alternation posterior to said first alternation.
  • At least one rectified alternation comprises a first and a second excitation pulse command, the second excitation pulse command beginning substantially at the end of the first excitation pulse command.
  • control means generate at least one rectified alternation comprising at least a third excitation pulse command, said at least third excitation pulse command being temporally interposed between said first and second pulse orders.
  • control means comprise a power switch connected to the mains by means of a rectifier bridge making it possible to obtain a supply voltage in the form of a single or double alternating rectified sinus function.
  • control means generates a periodic voltage wave frame comprising at least five rectified alternations.
  • control means (21) generates a periodic voltage wave frame having a duration equal to or greater than 50 ms.
  • the processing unit comprises a microcontroller connected to internal storage means, said microcontroller being powered by a power supply circuit.
  • the processing unit comprises a varistor intended to be connected upstream to the sector.
  • the processing unit comprises means for detecting the zero crossing of the network voltage, a synchronization signal being generated for adjusting the excitation pulse commands.
  • An electromagnetic actuator comprises a processing unit as defined above.
  • Said actuator comprises a movable armature and a magnetic fixed yoke, said movable armature being movable between an open position and a closed position.
  • At least one excitation coil is connected to the control means of the processing unit, said coil being intended to cause the displacement of the mobile armature.
  • the electromagnetic actuator 100 comprises a movable armature 12 and a fixed magnetic yoke 11.
  • the movable armature 12 and the fixed yoke 11 thus form a deformable magnetic circuit 1 having a variable air gap.
  • the mobile armature 12 is mounted in the fixed yoke 11.
  • the mobile armature 12 is mounted to slide axially along a longitudinal axis Y of the fixed yoke 11.
  • Said movable armature 12 moves between an open position K1 and a closed position K2.
  • the closed position K2 as represented on the figure 2 usually corresponds to the minimum of the gap between the movable armature 12 and the fixed yoke 11 and the open position corresponds to the maximum of the gap.
  • the electromagnetic actuator 100 also comprises an excitation coil 3 in which an excitation current I can flow.
  • the excitation coil 3 is then intended to create a magnetic field generating a driving force Fm causing a displacement of the armature.
  • the excitation coil 3 is connected to control means 21 of a processing unit 2.
  • the electromagnetic actuator comprises a processing unit 2. As shown in FIGS. Figures 1 and 2 the electromagnetic actuator 100 is monostable. The inverse movement of opening of the mobile armature 12 is then generated by a return system, such as a return spring, not shown.
  • the processing unit 2 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention shown in the Figure 7B , comprises control means 21 for producing voltage pulses at the terminals of the excitation coil 3.
  • control means 21 are intended to generate a periodic voltage wave frame comprising at least n rectified Si alternans.
  • the periodic voltage wave field has a duration equal to or greater than 50 ms.
  • each alternation comprises at least a first and at least a second excitation pulse order S A , S B.
  • the first excitation pulse command S A substantially starts at a voltage zero of an alternation Si and the second excitation pulse command S A substantially ends at a voltage zero of said alternation.
  • the electrical energy generated by the pulse orders of excitation of a first halfwave Si is less than or equal to the electrical energy generated by the pulse excitation orders of a second alternation S i + 1 subsequent to said first S i alternately.
  • the last alternation S n rectified wave frame sent by the control means 21 comprises a second excitation pulse order S B beginning substantially at the end of the first excitation pulse command S A.
  • control means 21 Preferably, to ensure efficient actuation in the greatest number of situations, the control means 21 generate a periodic voltage wave frame comprising at least five successive rectified alternations.
  • control means 21 generate at least one rectified alternation comprising at least one third pulse excitation command S C.
  • Said at least third excitation pulse sequence S C is temporally interleaved between said first and second pulse commands S A , S B.
  • the electromagnetic actuator is intended for the remote control of a circuit breaker, a differential circuit breaker and accessories (MN, MX, OF ).
  • the processing unit 2 comprises in particular a microcontroller 23 connected to internal storage means 22.
  • the processing unit comprises a supply circuit 24 of the microcontroller 23.
  • the control means 21 of the coil 3 comprises a switch power Z6 connected to the mains via a bridge rectifier D29.
  • the power switch Z6 is preferably a transistor.
  • the rectifier bridge D29 preferably comprises four diodes mounted head-to-tail and makes it possible to obtain a supply voltage in the form of a double-wave rectified sinus function.
  • the microcontroller 23 controls the opening and closing of the power switch Z6 via a control interface 25.
  • the rectifier bridge makes it possible to obtain a supply voltage in the form of a single-wave rectified sinus function.
  • the processing unit 2 comprises means 26 for detecting the zero crossing of the mains voltage.
  • a synchronization signal is useful for generating the voltage waves and adjusting the excitation pulse commands and guaranteeing the closing dynamics of adjacent devices.
  • the detection at the zero voltage crossing is made by the internal comparator of the microprocessor. According to an alternative embodiment, it can be detected with the aid of an external comparator or a Zener diode.
  • a freewheeling diode D15 is preferably connected in parallel across the coil 3.
  • a position sensor can be connected to the microcontroller 23 in order to stop the actuation control at the end of travel of the core 12.
  • the processing unit 2 comprises a varistor RV is connected upstream.
  • the processing unit 2 intended to generate a control law as represented on the Figures 4-6 may be included in an electromagnetic actuator 101 having an E-shaped magnetic structure.
  • Figures 8A and 8B such an electromagnetic actuator is shown respectively in an open position and a closed position.
  • the processing unit 2 intended to generate a control law as represented on the Figures 4-6 can be included in an electromagnetic actuator as described in the patent application entitled “Electromagnetic actuator of a remote control block, and block comprising it” filed today by the applicant.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
  • Control Of Linear Motors (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)

Description

DOMAINE TECHNIQUE DE L'INVENTIONTECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

L'invention est relative à une unité de traitement comprenant des moyens commande destinés à agir sur au moins une bobine d'excitation pour déplacer une armature mobile d'un actionneur électromagnétique, lesdits moyens commande générant une trame d'ondes de tension périodique comprenant au moins n alternances redressées.The invention relates to a processing unit comprising control means for acting on at least one excitation coil for moving a movable armature of an electromagnetic actuator, said control means generating a periodic voltage wave frame comprising at least one excitation coil less n alternans rectified.

L'invention est aussi relative à un actionneur électromagnétique comprenant une telle unité de traitement.The invention also relates to an electromagnetic actuator comprising such a processing unit.

ETAT DE LA TECHNIQUE ANTERIEURESTATE OF THE PRIOR ART

La fonction d'un actionneur électromagnétique est de convertir une énergie électrique en énergie mécanique. L'énergie mécanique est utilisée pour mettre en mouvement une charge mécanique. Le déplacement de la charge mécanique se fait généralement en s'opposant à des forces, dites forces de charge.The function of an electromagnetic actuator is to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. Mechanical energy is used to set a mechanical load in motion. The displacement of the mechanical load is generally done by opposing forces, called load forces.

Le fonctionnement d'un actionneur électromagnétique est lié à ses conditions d'utilisation. Certaines conditions externes dépendent notamment de la nature et/ou du nombre d'appareillages à actionner. D'autres conditions externes dépendent de la température d'utilisation de l'actionneur. Enfin, le fonctionnement de l'actionneur dépend aussi de la plage de tension d'alimentation, la tension électrique d'alimentation pouvant être une tension constante ou alternative. D'autres conditions internes dépendent notamment de l'état de vieillissement de l'actionneur.The operation of an electromagnetic actuator is related to its conditions of use. Certain external conditions depend in particular on the nature and / or the number of devices to be operated. Other external conditions depend on the operating temperature of the actuator. Finally, the operation of the actuator also depends on the supply voltage range, the supply voltage may be a constant or alternating voltage. Other internal conditions depend in particular on the state of aging of the actuator.

Autrement dit, la loi de commande énergétique de l'actionneur électromagnétique doit tenir compte d'un certain nombre de paramètres.

  • La loi de commande tient compte de la tension de commande appliquée aux bornes de la bobine d'excitation de l'actionneur. La tension de commande est dépendante de la tension du réseau électrique variable dans une plage de plus ou moins 15% par rapport à la tension nominale.
  • La loi de commande tient aussi compte du courant électrique qui traverse la bobine d'excitation de l'actionneur. Le courant électrique est dépendant de l'impédance de ladite bobine d'excitation, ladite impédance variant avec la température. A titre d'exemple, pour une température variant entre 0 et 80°C, le courant peut varier dans une plage d'environ 30% par rapport au courant nominal.
  • La loi de commande tient aussi compte de l'effort résistant. L'effort résistant est variable et dépend du nombre de modules associés à l'actionneur, association réalisée lors de l'installation par un utilisateur. L'usure des modules et de l'actionneur fait varier cet effort résistant
In other words, the energy control law of the electromagnetic actuator must take into account a certain number of parameters.
  • The control law takes into account the control voltage applied to the terminals of the excitation coil of the actuator. The control voltage is dependent on the voltage of the variable power supply within a range of plus or minus 15% of the rated voltage.
  • The control law also takes into account the electric current flowing through the excitation coil of the actuator. The electric current is dependent on the impedance of said excitation coil, said impedance varying with the temperature. For example, for a temperature ranging between 0 and 80 ° C, the current can vary in a range of about 30% compared to the nominal current.
  • The control law also takes into account the resisting force. The resisting force is variable and depends on the number of modules associated with the actuator, association made during installation by a user. The wear of the modules and the actuator varies this resistant effort

Ainsi, si l'ensemble de ces paramètres est pris en compte pour l'optimisation du fonctionnement de l'actionneur, alors la loi de commande de l'actionneur doit être capable de générer un effort assurant le mouvement de la charge mécanique dans une large plage de fonctionnement. En pratique, à titre d'exemple, l'actionneur doit pouvoir déplacer la charge mécanique dans le cas où les forces résistantes sont maximales et que la tension d'alimentation est minimale.Thus, if all of these parameters are taken into account for optimizing the operation of the actuator, then the control law of the actuator must be capable of generating a force ensuring the movement of the mechanical load in a wide range. operating range. In practice, for example, the actuator must be able to move the mechanical load in the case where the resistant forces are maximum and the supply voltage is minimal.

Par ailleurs, comme représenté sur la figure 3, l'effort résistant s'opposant au déplacement de la charge mécanique n'est pas constant sur toute la course de déplacement de l'actionneur. Lorsque l'actionneur de commande est destiné à commander un dispositif de coupure tel que notamment un disjoncteur, la courbe représentative de l'effort résistant se décompose généralement en trois phases.

  • Une première phase correspond généralement au début de l'actionnement. Elle est représentée entre les points 1 à 2. L'effort résistant est relativement faible et est sensiblement constant. Cette phase correspond à la déformation d'un ressort de rappel assurant la position de repos de la partie mobile de l'actionneur.
  • Au niveau du point 2, on observe une zone de discontinuité de la courbe. L'actionneur de commande rentre en contact avec les organes de transmission des mécanismes d'ouverture et/ou de fermeture du dispositif de coupure.
  • Une seconde phase est représentée entre les points 2 à 3. Les ressorts des organes de transmission sont comprimés. En plus des efforts de compression de ressorts, des efforts dus aux frottements des pièces mécaniques en mouvement doivent être compensés. Ce durcissement de l'effort résistant s'accompagne d'une augmentation progressive de l'effort d'actionnement.
  • Au niveau du point 3, l'actionneur et l'organe de transmission entrent en contact avec le mécanisme de fermeture à actionnement brusque du disjoncteur. Ceci est schématisé par une nouvelle discontinuité de la courbe représentative de l'effort d'actionnement.
  • Une troisième phase est représentée entre les points 3 et 4. Les ressorts des mécanismes et le ressort de fermeture à actionnement brusque du disjoncteur sont comprimés. L'effort décroit assez rapidement. Cet effort peut dans certain cas devenir moteur en fin de mouvement.
  • Le point 4 correspond au point de fermeture de l'actionneur. L'arrêt de l'actionneur est effectué par une butée mécanique. La fin de course est donc marquée par un choc dû à l'écart entre l'effort d'actionnement moteur et l'effort résistant des mécanismes des appareillages à actionner. Ce choc doit être minimisé
Moreover, as represented on the figure 3 , the resisting force opposing the displacement of the mechanical load is not constant over the entire displacement path of the actuator. When the control actuator is intended to control a breaking device such as in particular a circuit breaker, the curve representative of the resistant force is generally broken down into three phases.
  • A first phase generally corresponds to the beginning of the actuation. It is represented between points 1 to 2. The resisting force is relatively low and is substantially constant. This phase corresponds to the deformation of a return spring ensuring the rest position of the movable part of the actuator.
  • At point 2, there is an area of discontinuity of the curve. The control actuator comes into contact with the transmission members of the opening and / or closing mechanisms of the cut-off device.
  • A second phase is shown between points 2 to 3. The springs of the transmission members are compressed. In addition to spring compression forces, forces due to friction of moving mechanical parts must be compensated. This hardening of the resistant force is accompanied by a gradual increase in the actuating force.
  • At point 3, the actuator and the transmission member come into contact with the snap action closing mechanism of the circuit breaker. This is schematized by a new discontinuity of the curve representative of the actuating force.
  • A third phase is shown between points 3 and 4. The springs of the mechanisms and the snap action closing spring of the circuit breaker are compressed. The effort decreases quite rapidly. This effort can in some cases become a motor at the end of the movement.
  • Point 4 corresponds to the closing point of the actuator. The shutdown of the actuator is performed by a mechanical stop. The end of the race is therefore marked by a shock due to the difference between the motor actuating force and the resisting force of the mechanisms of the equipment to be actuated. This shock must be minimized

Considérant la courbe des efforts représentée à la figure 3, Il parait souhaitable d'obtenir une progressivité dans l'application de l'effort d'actionnement pour éviter une trop grande accélération de la partie mobile de l'actionneur et diminuer ainsi les chocs de mise en contact des mécanismes à chaque point de discontinuité et en fin de course.Considering the curve of the forces represented in figure 3 It seems desirable to obtain a progressivity in the application of the actuating force to avoid an excessive acceleration of the movable part of the actuator and thus reduce the shocks bringing the mechanisms into contact at each point of discontinuity. and at the end of the race.

Pour garantir un fonctionnement dans toutes les conditions d'utilisation, certaines solutions connues détermine l'énergie envoyée dans l'actionneur en se plaçant dans les conditions les plus défavorables de fonctionnement : le plus grand nombre d'appareils à actionner, une usure maximale, au minimum de tension et température élevée de fonctionnement. Autrement dit, si l'actionneur électromagnétique est dimensionné pour fermer dans des conditions défavorables, alors à l'inverse lorsqu'il fermera dans des conditions favorables, l'énergie envoyée sera disproportionnée et pourra induire des disfonctionnements tels que des rebonds des pièces d'accrochage. Ces rebonds peuvent provoquer des dégradations de la structure mécanique de l'actionneur. Ainsi, dans de nombreuses situations, les systèmes actuels envoient alors une énergie de commande trop élevée par rapport à la résistance offerte par le mécanisme à commander.To guarantee operation in all conditions of use, some known solutions determine the energy sent into the actuator under the most unfavorable operating conditions: the largest number of devices to operate, maximum wear, minimum voltage and high operating temperature. In other words, if the electromagnetic actuator is sized to close under unfavorable conditions, then conversely when it closes under favorable conditions, the energy sent will be disproportionate and may induce malfunctions such as rebounds of the parts of hanging. These rebounds can cause damage to the mechanical structure of the actuator. Thus, in many situations, the current systems then send a control energy that is too high compared to the resistance offered by the mechanism to be controlled.

D'autres solutions connues utilisent des moyens de régulation à boucle fermée où la régulation de la commande dépend de paramètres de fonctionnement mesurés en cours d'utilisation. Par exemple, une connaissance de la position et/ou de la vitesse de l'armature mobile permet d'adapter la valeur du courant électrique dans la bobine d'excitation pour minimiser les forces d'impact des parties mobiles contre les parties fixes et/ou d'optimiser la quantité de courant électrique consommé pendant la phase de fermeture ou la phase de maintien. Certaines solutions utilisent des capteurs additionnels tels que des capteurs de position et/ou de vitesse. D'autres solutions telles que décrites dans les documents FR2745913 , FR2835061 , US5424637 , décrivent des procédés de mesure de la position de l'armature mobile d'un électroaimant sans l'utilisation de capteur additionnel. Ces solutions utilisent la mesure de la tension et du courant électrique dans la bobine d'excitation pour déterminer la position de l'armature mobile. Cependant, l'utilisation de moyens de régulation en boucle fermée et la gestion en temps réel des informations mesurées au cours de l'actionnement impliquent des moyens de traitements importants et couteux. En effet, l'asservissement de la commande au déplacement et/ou à la vitesse et/ou au courant dans la bobine est peu économique et encombrante. D'autre part, si une loi de commande de type PWM, telle que décrite dans le document EP 0567 935 A1 , est précise et bien adaptée à la régulation, elle génère des surtensions d'autant plus difficiles à écrêter que la fréquence est élevée. En outre, une commande de type PWM génère des surtensions liées à la self de ligne et/ou du transformateur. Ces surtensions sont généralement écrêtées avec des composants électriques telles que des varistances de type MOV (Metal Oxyde Varistor) ou filtrée par des circuits RLC. Ces composants sont couteux et de volume parfois trop important incompatible avec ceux de certains appareils. Par ailleurs, les composants de protection CEM (Compatibilité électromagnétique) sont très volumineux.Other known solutions use closed-loop control means where the regulation of the control depends on operating parameters measured during use. For example, a knowledge of the position and / or the speed of the moving armature makes it possible to adapt the value of the electric current in the excitation coil to minimize the impact forces of the moving parts against the fixed parts and / or to optimize the amount of electric current consumed during the closing phase or the holding phase. Some solutions use additional sensors such as position and / or speed sensors. Other solutions as described in the documents FR2745913 , FR2835061 , US5424637 , describe methods of measuring the position of the moving armature of an electromagnet without the use of additional sensors. These solutions use the measurement of voltage and electric current in the excitation coil to determine the position of the moving armature. However, the use of closed-loop control means and the real-time management of the information measured during the actuation involve significant and expensive means of processing. Indeed, the slaving of the control movement and / or speed and / or current in the coil is uneconomical and cumbersome. On the other hand, if a PWM type control law, as described in the document EP 0567 935 A1 , is precise and well adapted to the regulation, it generates surges all the more difficult to clip as the frequency is high. In addition, a PWM type control generates overvoltages related to the line reactor and / or the transformer. These overvoltages are generally clipped with electrical components such as MOV (Metal Oxide Varistor) varistors or filtered by RLC circuits. These components are expensive and sometimes too large volume incompatible with those of some devices. In addition, the EMC (Electro Magnetic Compatibility) protection components are very bulky.

EXPOSE DE L'INVENTIONSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

L'invention vise donc à remédier aux inconvénients de l'état de la technique, de manière à proposer une unité de traitement apte à générer une loi de commande polyvalente.The invention therefore aims to overcome the disadvantages of the state of the art, so as to provide a processing unit capable of generating a versatile control law.

Les moyens commande de l'unité de traitement selon l'invention génèrent une trame d'ondes de tension périodique comprenant trois ou au moins cinq alternances redressées, chaque alternance comprenant au moins un premier et au moins un second ordre impulsionnel d'excitation, les ordres impulsionnels d'excitation étant ajustés par un signal de synchronisation par rapport aux ondes de tension. Le premier ordre impulsionnels d'excitation commence sensiblement à un zéro de tension d'une alternance, et le second ordre impulsionnel d'excitation se termine sensiblement à un zéro de tension de ladite alternance. Pour chaque paire de deux alternances consécutives dans la trame, l'énergie électrique générée par les ordres impulsionnels d'excitation d'une première alternance est inférieure à l'énergie électrique générée par les ordres impulsionnels d'excitation d'une seconde alternance postérieure à ladite première alternance.The control means of the processing unit according to the invention generate a periodic voltage wave frame comprising three or at least five rectified alternations, each alternation comprising at least a first and at least a second excitation pulse order, the pulsed excitation commands being adjusted by a synchronization signal with respect to the voltage waves. The first pulse excitation order substantially starts at a voltage zero of one half cycle, and the second pulse drive pulse ends substantially at a voltage zero of said half cycle. For each pair of two consecutive alternations in the frame, the electrical energy generated by the pulse orders of excitation of a first halfwave is less than the electrical energy generated by the pulse orders of excitation of a second alternation posterior to said first alternation.

Selon un mode de développement de l'invention, au moins une alternance redressée comprend un premier et un second ordre impulsionnel d'excitation, le second ordre impulsionnel d'excitation commençant sensiblement à la fin du premier ordre impulsionnel d'excitation.According to a development mode of the invention, at least one rectified alternation comprises a first and a second excitation pulse command, the second excitation pulse command beginning substantially at the end of the first excitation pulse command.

Selon un mode particulier de développement de l'invention, les moyens de commande génèrent au moins une alternance redressée comprenant au moins un troisième ordre impulsionnel d'excitation, ledit au moins troisième ordre impulsionnel d'excitation s'intercalant temporellement entre lesdits premier et second ordres impulsionnels.According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the control means generate at least one rectified alternation comprising at least a third excitation pulse command, said at least third excitation pulse command being temporally interposed between said first and second pulse orders.

Avantageusement, les moyens de commande comportent un commutateur de puissance relié au secteur par l'intermédiaire d'un pont redresseur permettant d'obtenir une tension d'alimentation ayant la forme d'une fonction sinus redressée simple ou double alternance.Advantageously, the control means comprise a power switch connected to the mains by means of a rectifier bridge making it possible to obtain a supply voltage in the form of a single or double alternating rectified sinus function.

De préférence, les moyens de commande génèrent une trame d'ondes de tension périodique comprenant au moins cinq alternances redressées.Preferably, the control means generates a periodic voltage wave frame comprising at least five rectified alternations.

De préférence, les moyens de commande (21) génèrent une trame d'ondes de tension périodique ayant une durée égale ou supérieure à 50 ms.Preferably, the control means (21) generates a periodic voltage wave frame having a duration equal to or greater than 50 ms.

Selon un mode particulier de réalisation de l'invention, l'unité de traitement comporte un microcontrôleur relié à des moyens de mémorisation internes, ledit microcontrôleur étant alimenté par un circuit d'alimentation.According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the processing unit comprises a microcontroller connected to internal storage means, said microcontroller being powered by a power supply circuit.

De préférence, l'unité de traitement comporte une varistance destinée à être connectée en amont au secteur.Preferably, the processing unit comprises a varistor intended to be connected upstream to the sector.

De préférence, l'unité de traitement comporte des moyens de détection du passage à zéro de la tension réseau, un signal de synchronisation étant généré pour ajuster les ordres impulsionnels d'excitation.Preferably, the processing unit comprises means for detecting the zero crossing of the network voltage, a synchronization signal being generated for adjusting the excitation pulse commands.

Un actionneur électromagnétique selon l'invention comprend une unité de traitement telle que définie ci-dessus. Ledit actionneur comprend une armature mobile et une culasse fixe magnétique, ladite armature mobile étant mobile entre une position ouverte et une position fermée. Au moins une bobine d'excitation est reliée aux moyens commande de l'unité de traitement, ladite bobine étant destinée à entraîner le déplacement de l'armature mobile.An electromagnetic actuator according to the invention comprises a processing unit as defined above. Said actuator comprises a movable armature and a magnetic fixed yoke, said movable armature being movable between an open position and a closed position. At least one excitation coil is connected to the control means of the processing unit, said coil being intended to cause the displacement of the mobile armature.

BREVE DESCRIPTION DES FIGURESBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui va suivre de modes particuliers de réalisation de l'invention, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, et représentés aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 représente un schéma d'un actionneur électromagnétique en position ouverte selon un mode préférentiel de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 représente un schéma d'un actionneur électromagnétique en position fermée selon la figure 1 ;
  • la figure 3 représente une courbe représentative de l'effort résistant selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • la figure 4 représente une trame d'ondes de tension périodique pour l'actionnement d'un actionneur électromagnétique selon un mode préférentiel de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • la figure 5 représente une trame d'ondes de tension périodique pour l'actionnement d'un actionneur électromagnétique selon un mode particulier de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • la figure 6 représente une trame d'ondes de tension périodique pour l'actionnement selon un autre mode particulier de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • la figure 7A représente un schéma électrique simplifié des moyens de commande d'une unité de traitement selon un mode préférentiel de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • la figure 7B représente un schéma électrique détaillé des moyens de commande d'une unité de traitement selon la figure 7A ;
  • la figure 8A représente un schéma d'un actionneur électromagnétique en position ouverte selon une variante de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • la figure 8B représente un schéma d'un actionneur électromagnétique en position fermée selon la figure 8A.
Other advantages and features will emerge more clearly from the following description of particular embodiments of the invention, given by way of non-limiting examples, and represented in the accompanying drawings on which :
  • the figure 1 represents a diagram of an electromagnetic actuator in the open position according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;
  • the figure 2 represents a diagram of an electromagnetic actuator in the closed position according to the figure 1 ;
  • the figure 3 represents a curve representative of the resistant force according to one embodiment of the invention;
  • the figure 4 represents a periodic voltage wave frame for the actuation of an electromagnetic actuator according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;
  • the figure 5 represents a periodic voltage wave pattern for the actuation of an electromagnetic actuator according to a particular embodiment of the invention;
  • the figure 6 represents a periodic voltage wave field for the actuation according to another particular embodiment of the invention;
  • the Figure 7A represents a simplified circuit diagram of the control means of a processing unit according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;
  • the Figure 7B represents a detailed electrical diagram of the control means of a processing unit according to the Figure 7A ;
  • the figure 8A represents a diagram of an electromagnetic actuator in the open position according to an alternative embodiment of the invention;
  • the Figure 8B represents a diagram of an electromagnetic actuator in the closed position according to the figure 8A .

DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE D'UN MODE DE REALISATIONDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AN EMBODIMENT

Selon un mode préférentiel de réalisation de l'invention représenté sur les figures 1 et 2, l'actionneur électromagnétique 100 comporte une armature mobile 12 et une culasse fixe 11 magnétique. L'armature mobile 12 et la culasse fixe 11 forment ainsi un circuit magnétique 1 déformable présentant un entrefer variable. A titre d'exemple de réalisation, l'armature mobile 12 est montée dans la culasse fixe 11. L'armature mobile 12 est montée à coulissement axial selon un axe longitudinal Y de la culasse fixe 11.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention shown in the Figures 1 and 2 the electromagnetic actuator 100 comprises a movable armature 12 and a fixed magnetic yoke 11. The movable armature 12 and the fixed yoke 11 thus form a deformable magnetic circuit 1 having a variable air gap. As an exemplary embodiment, the mobile armature 12 is mounted in the fixed yoke 11. The mobile armature 12 is mounted to slide axially along a longitudinal axis Y of the fixed yoke 11.

Ladite armature mobile 12 se déplace entre une position ouverte K1 et une position fermée K2. A titre d'exemple de fonctionnement, la position fermée K2 telle que représentée sur la figure 2 correspond habituellement au minimum de l'entrefer existant entre l'armature mobile 12 et la culasse fixe 11 et la position ouverte correspond au maximum de l'entrefer.Said movable armature 12 moves between an open position K1 and a closed position K2. As an example of operation, the closed position K2 as represented on the figure 2 usually corresponds to the minimum of the gap between the movable armature 12 and the fixed yoke 11 and the open position corresponds to the maximum of the gap.

L'actionneur électromagnétique 100 comporte également une bobine d'excitation 3 dans laquelle peut circuler un courant d'excitation I. La bobine d'excitation 3 est destinée à créer alors un champ magnétique générant une force motrice Fm entraînant un déplacement de l'armature mobile 12. La bobine d'excitation 3 est reliée à des moyens de commande 21 d'une unité de traitement 2. L'actionneur électromagnétique comporte une unité de traitement 2. Tel que représenté sur les figures 1 et 2, l'actionneur électromagnétique 100 est monostable. Le mouvement inverse d'ouverture de l'armature mobile 12 est alors engendré par un système de rappel, tel qu'un ressort de rappel, non représenté.The electromagnetic actuator 100 also comprises an excitation coil 3 in which an excitation current I can flow. The excitation coil 3 is then intended to create a magnetic field generating a driving force Fm causing a displacement of the armature. The excitation coil 3 is connected to control means 21 of a processing unit 2. The electromagnetic actuator comprises a processing unit 2. As shown in FIGS. Figures 1 and 2 the electromagnetic actuator 100 is monostable. The inverse movement of opening of the mobile armature 12 is then generated by a return system, such as a return spring, not shown.

L'unité de traitement 2 selon un mode préférentiel de réalisation de l'invention représenté sur la figure 7B, comporte des moyens commande 21 destinés à produire des impulsions de tension électrique aux bornes de la bobine d'excitation 3.The processing unit 2 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention shown in the Figure 7B , comprises control means 21 for producing voltage pulses at the terminals of the excitation coil 3.

Comme représenté sur la figure 4, les moyens de commande 21 sont destinés à générer une trame d'ondes de tension périodique comprenant au moins n alternances Si redressées. A titre d'exemple de réalisation, la trame d'ondes de tension périodique a une durée égale ou supérieure à 50 ms.As shown on the figure 4 , the control means 21 are intended to generate a periodic voltage wave frame comprising at least n rectified Si alternans. As an exemplary embodiment, the periodic voltage wave field has a duration equal to or greater than 50 ms.

Selon un mode préférentiel de réalisation, chaque alternance comprend au moins un premier et au moins un second ordre impulsionnel d'excitation SA, SB. Le premier ordre impulsionnel d'excitation SA commence sensiblement à un zéro de tension d'une alternance Si et le second ordre impulsionnel d'excitation SA se termine sensiblement à un zéro de tension de ladite alternance. L'énergie électrique générée par les ordres impulsionnels d'excitation d'une première alternance Si est inférieure ou égale à l'énergie électrique générée par les ordres impulsionnels d'excitation d'une seconde alternance Si+1 postérieure à ladite première Si alternance.According to a preferred embodiment, each alternation comprises at least a first and at least a second excitation pulse order S A , S B. The first excitation pulse command S A substantially starts at a voltage zero of an alternation Si and the second excitation pulse command S A substantially ends at a voltage zero of said alternation. The electrical energy generated by the pulse orders of excitation of a first halfwave Si is less than or equal to the electrical energy generated by the pulse excitation orders of a second alternation S i + 1 subsequent to said first S i alternately.

De préférence, la dernière alternance Sn redressée de la trame d'onde envoyée par les moyens de commande 21 comprend un second ordre impulsionnel d'excitation SB commençant sensiblement à la fin du premier ordre impulsionnel d'excitation SA.Preferably, the last alternation S n rectified wave frame sent by the control means 21 comprises a second excitation pulse order S B beginning substantially at the end of the first excitation pulse command S A.

De préférence, pour garantir un actionnement efficace dans le plus grand nombre de situations, les moyens de commande 21 génèrent une trame d'ondes de tension périodique comprenant au moins cinq alternances redressées successives.Preferably, to ensure efficient actuation in the greatest number of situations, the control means 21 generate a periodic voltage wave frame comprising at least five successive rectified alternations.

Selon une variante de réalisation telle que représentée sur la figure 6, les moyens de commande 21 génèrent au moins une alternance redressée comprenant au moins un troisième ordre impulsionnel d'excitation SC. Ledit au moins troisième ordre impulsionnel d'excitation SC s'intercale temporellement entre lesdits premier et second ordres impulsionnels SA, SB.According to an alternative embodiment as represented on the figure 6 the control means 21 generate at least one rectified alternation comprising at least one third pulse excitation command S C. Said at least third excitation pulse sequence S C is temporally interleaved between said first and second pulse commands S A , S B.

A titre d'exemple, l'actionneur électromagnétique est destiné à la télécommande d'un disjoncteur, d'un disjoncteur différentiel et des accessoires (MN, MX, OF...).For example, the electromagnetic actuator is intended for the remote control of a circuit breaker, a differential circuit breaker and accessories (MN, MX, OF ...).

Comme représenté sur la figures 7A et 7B, l'unité de traitement 2 comporte notamment un microcontrôleur 23 relié à des moyens de mémorisation internes 22. L'unité de traitement comprend un circuit d'alimentation 24 du microcontrôleur 23. Les moyens de commande 21 de la bobine 3 comporte un commutateur de puissance Z6 relié au secteur par l'intermédiaire d'un pont redresseur D29. Le commutateur de puissance Z6 est de préférence un transistor.As shown on the Figures 7A and 7B , the processing unit 2 comprises in particular a microcontroller 23 connected to internal storage means 22. The processing unit comprises a supply circuit 24 of the microcontroller 23. The control means 21 of the coil 3 comprises a switch power Z6 connected to the mains via a bridge rectifier D29. The power switch Z6 is preferably a transistor.

Le pont redresseur D29 comporte de préférence quatre diodes montées tête bêche et permet d'obtenir une tension d'alimentation ayant la forme d'une fonction sinus redressée double alternance. Le microcontrôleur 23 contrôle l'ouverture et la fermeture du commutateur de puissance Z6 par l'intermédiaire d'une interface de commande 25.The rectifier bridge D29 preferably comprises four diodes mounted head-to-tail and makes it possible to obtain a supply voltage in the form of a double-wave rectified sinus function. The microcontroller 23 controls the opening and closing of the power switch Z6 via a control interface 25.

Selon une variante de réalisation du mode préférentiel, le pont redresseur permet d'obtenir une tension d'alimentation ayant la forme d'une fonction sinus redressée simple alternance.According to an alternative embodiment of the preferred embodiment, the rectifier bridge makes it possible to obtain a supply voltage in the form of a single-wave rectified sinus function.

L'unité de traitement 2 comporte des moyens de détection 26 du passage à zéro de la tension réseau. Un signal de synchronisation est utile pour générer les ondes de tension et ajuster les ordres impulsionnels d'excitation et garantir la dynamique de fermeture des appareils adjacents. Selon un mode préféré de réalisation, la détection au passage au zéro de tension est faite par le comparateur interne du microprocesseur. Selon une variante de réalisation, on peut le détecter à l'aide d'un comparateur externe ou d'une diode Zener.The processing unit 2 comprises means 26 for detecting the zero crossing of the mains voltage. A synchronization signal is useful for generating the voltage waves and adjusting the excitation pulse commands and guaranteeing the closing dynamics of adjacent devices. According to a preferred embodiment, the detection at the zero voltage crossing is made by the internal comparator of the microprocessor. According to an alternative embodiment, it can be detected with the aid of an external comparator or a Zener diode.

Une diode de roue libre D15 est de préférence connectée en parallèle aux bornes de la bobine 3.A freewheeling diode D15 is preferably connected in parallel across the coil 3.

Selon une variante de réalisation, un capteur de position, non représenté, peut être connecté au microcontrôleur 23 afin de stopper la commande d'actionnement en fin de course du noyau 12.According to an alternative embodiment, a position sensor, not shown, can be connected to the microcontroller 23 in order to stop the actuation control at the end of travel of the core 12.

Afin de se protéger contre les surtensions du notamment à des chocs de foudre ou des surtensions générées par la commande de l'actionneur, l'unité de traitement 2 comporte une varistance RV est connectée en amont.In order to protect against overvoltages, in particular to lightning strikes or overvoltages generated by the control of the actuator, the processing unit 2 comprises a varistor RV is connected upstream.

Selon une variante de réalisation, l'unité de traitement 2 destinée à générer une loi de commande telle que représentée sur les figures 4-6, peut être comprise dans un actionneur électromagnétique 101 ayant une structure magnétique en forme de E. Comme représenté sur les figures 8A et 8B, un tel actionneur électromagnétique est représenté respectivement dans une position ouverte et une position fermée.According to an alternative embodiment, the processing unit 2 intended to generate a control law as represented on the Figures 4-6 may be included in an electromagnetic actuator 101 having an E-shaped magnetic structure. Figures 8A and 8B such an electromagnetic actuator is shown respectively in an open position and a closed position.

Selon une autre variante de réalisation, l'unité de traitement 2 destinée à générer une loi de commande telle que représentée sur les figures 4-6, peut être comprise dans un actionneur électromagnétique tel que décrit dans la demande de brevet intitulée « Actionneur électromagnétique d'un bloc de commande à distance, et bloc le comprenant » déposée ce jour par la demanderesse.According to another variant embodiment, the processing unit 2 intended to generate a control law as represented on the Figures 4-6 , can be included in an electromagnetic actuator as described in the patent application entitled "Electromagnetic actuator of a remote control block, and block comprising it" filed today by the applicant.

Claims (10)

  1. Processing unit (2) comprising control means (21) intended to act on at least one exciter coil (3) in order to move a moveable armature (12) of an electromagnetic actuator (100, 101), said control means (21) generating a periodic voltage wave frame comprising three or at least five rectified half-cycles (Si), each half-cycle (Si) of which comprises at least one first and at least one second excitation pulse sequence (SA, SB) for each pair of two consecutive half-cycles in the frame, the electrical energy of the excitation pulse sequences (SA, SB) of a first half-cycle (Si) being less than the electrical energy of the excitation pulse sequences of a second half-cycle (Si+1) following said first half-cycle (Si), characterized in that, the excitation pulse sequences being adjusted by a synchronization signal with respect to the voltage waves,
    - the first excitation pulse sequence (SA) starts substantially at a voltage zero of a half-cycle, and
    - the second excitation pulse sequence (SB) ends substantially at a voltage zero of said half-cycle.
  2. Processing unit according to Claim 1, characterized in that at least one rectified half-cycle comprises a first and a second excitation pulse sequence (SA, SB), the second excitation pulse sequence (SB) starting substantially at the end of the first excitation pulse sequence (SA).
  3. Processing unit according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the control means (21) generate at least one rectified half-cycle comprising at least one third excitation pulse sequence (Sc), said at least one third excitation pulse sequence being inserted temporally between said first and second pulse sequences (SA, SB).
  4. Processing unit according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the control means (21) include a power switch (Z6) linked to the mains by way of a rectifier bridge (D29) making it possible to obtain a supply voltage having the form of a rectified single or double half-cycle sine function.
  5. Processing unit according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control means (21) generate a periodic voltage wave frame comprising at least five rectified half-cycles (Si).
  6. Processing unit according to Claim 5, characterized in that the control means (21) generate a periodic voltage wave frame having a duration equal to or greater than 50 ms.
  7. Processing unit according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it includes a microcontroller (23) linked to internal storage means (22), said microcontroller (23) being supplied with power by a power supply circuit (24).
  8. Processing unit according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it includes a varistor (RV) intended to be connected upstream to the mains.
  9. Processing unit according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it includes means (26) for detecting the zero crossing of the voltage network, a synchronization signal being generated in order to adjust the excitation pulse sequences (SA, SB, SC).
  10. Electromagnetic actuator (100, 101) comprising a processing unit (2) according to the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises:
    - a moveable armature (12) and a fixed magnetic yoke (11), said moveable armature (12) being moveable between an open position (K1) and a closed position (K2),
    - at least one exciter coil (3) linked to the control means (21) of the processing unit (2), said exciter coil being intended to bring about the movement of the moveable armature (12).
EP09354048.2A 2008-12-19 2009-11-10 Processing unit comprising means for controlling an electromagnetic actuator and electromagnetic actuator comprising such a processing unit Active EP2200050B1 (en)

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FR0807155A FR2940501B1 (en) 2008-12-19 2008-12-19 PROCESSING UNIT COMPRISING MEANS FOR CONTROLLING AN ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATOR AND ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATOR COMPRISING SUCH A PROCESSING UNIT

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WO2012055428A1 (en) * 2010-10-26 2012-05-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Circuit for an electromagnetic switching device
WO2014094830A1 (en) * 2012-12-18 2014-06-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Regulated power supply assembly for use in electrical switch
FR3004581B1 (en) * 2013-04-12 2017-04-07 Schneider Electric Ind Sas ELECTRICAL CONTACTOR AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING AN ELECTROMAGNETIC COIL IN SUCH A CONTACTOR
FR3065110B1 (en) 2017-04-11 2019-04-19 Schneider Electric Industries Sas METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING AN ACTUATOR, AND ELECTRICAL PROTECTION APPARATUS COMPRISING SUCH A DEVICE

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CN1028575C (en) * 1989-09-05 1995-05-24 张凡 Magnetic holding type tractive electromagnet and control circuit thereof
US5406440A (en) * 1992-05-01 1995-04-11 Allen-Bradley Company, Inc. Soft-closure electrical contactor
FR2691855A1 (en) * 1992-05-26 1993-12-03 France Bobinage Supplying power to motor or electric winding via current control circuit - opening controlled switch to cut current if upper threshold is exceeded, and enabling safe operation over range of voltages
US5315471A (en) * 1992-06-01 1994-05-24 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Coil current regulator with induced flux compensation in an electromagnetic contactor system

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FR2940501B1 (en) 2022-05-13
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CN101783644A (en) 2010-07-21
EP2200050A1 (en) 2010-06-23

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