EP2194870A1 - Sensorvorrichtung für die messung feinmotorischer handfunktionen - Google Patents
Sensorvorrichtung für die messung feinmotorischer handfunktionenInfo
- Publication number
- EP2194870A1 EP2194870A1 EP08801160A EP08801160A EP2194870A1 EP 2194870 A1 EP2194870 A1 EP 2194870A1 EP 08801160 A EP08801160 A EP 08801160A EP 08801160 A EP08801160 A EP 08801160A EP 2194870 A1 EP2194870 A1 EP 2194870A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sensor
- force
- magnetic resonance
- force sensor
- sensor device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/103—Measuring devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/11—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor or mobility of a limb
- A61B5/1124—Determining motor skills
- A61B5/1125—Grasping motions of hands
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/103—Measuring devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/11—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor or mobility of a limb
- A61B5/1126—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor or mobility of a limb using a particular sensing technique
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/16—Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/22—Ergometry; Measuring muscular strength or the force of a muscular blow
- A61B5/224—Measuring muscular strength
- A61B5/225—Measuring muscular strength of the fingers, e.g. by monitoring hand-grip force
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/40—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the nervous system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7203—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes for noise prevention, reduction or removal
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/28—Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
- G01R33/42—Screening
- G01R33/422—Screening of the radio frequency field
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
- G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
- G01R33/4806—Functional imaging of brain activation
Definitions
- the invention relates to a sensor device for the measurement of fine motor hand functions.
- Phillip Phillip, J: A measuring system for the investigation of fine motor skills in gripping and moving objects Dissertation, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Kunststoff (1999)
- the cylindrical sensor has a diameter of 95 mm and a
- the surface of the sensor especially the gripping surfaces, are made of aluminum. Inside the housing are electronic components for signal acquisition, processing, data storage and power supply. The entire measurement technology is integrated into the device, so no cable connection to an external
- the device In the tests carried out, the device is held in opposition between the thumb and the other four fingers, so that the center of gravity of the object lies in the middle of the connecting lines between the surfaces of the finger forces and torques are negligible.
- the device can be recorded by the subject with the examined hand.
- An examiner can start and stop the measurement by pressing a button on the object.
- Pathological changes in the control of isometric finger forces can be determined by an unequivocally excessive gripping force compared to comparable persons, as well as by a desynchronization of the profiles of gripping force and load. Disturbances of the control of the gripping force can be represented by various neurological conditions in this way.
- a disadvantage is the functionality of the sensors according to the prior art in the measurement of fine motor processes clearly limited.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a sensor device for the measurement of hand functions, which allows a wider range of examinations than the existing sensors according to the state of
- the force sensor component of the sensor device is designed such that the sensor is shielded against alternating electromagnetic fields.
- a handle force sensor is provided by this measure.
- the terms sensor device and grip force sensor are used interchangeably below.
- the sensor device can be used freely movable in the alternating magnetic field of a magnetic resonance tomograph without disturbing the sensor or the magnetic resonance tomograph.
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging obtained data on the brain areas involved in this coordination.
- qualitatively new insights into the now possible direct correlation of the fine motor hand function detected by means of the sensor with monitoring of the brain areas involved in the hand function by means of a magnetic resonance tomograph can be included
- the force sensor component of the sensor device has been replaced starting from the sensor according to Philipp (Phillip, J. A measuring system for the investigation of fine motor skills in gripping and moving objects, Dissertation, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Kunststoff (1999)), so that the sensor a magnetic resonance tomograph can be used.
- Philipp Phillip, J. A measuring system for the investigation of fine motor skills in gripping and moving objects, Dissertation, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Kunststoff (1999)
- the sensor can be used in a 3 Tesla magnetic resonance tomograph.
- a Faraday cage is provided as a shielding.
- the sensor device is then particularly advantageous in a magnetic resonance tomograph for measuring the fine motor hand functions of a subject particularly suitable.
- the material of the Faraday cage should have an electrical conductivity and a coefficient of thermal expansion, such that the force sensor not affected or even destroyed by heat generated by the alternating electromagnetic field.
- the material for the Faraday cage may in particular comprise silicon or germanium or other semiconducting materials.
- this shielding protects the measuring electronics located inside the cage against the influence of the electromagnetic alternating fields. Furthermore, a suitable embodiment of the Faraday cage ensures that the energy absorption associated with the shielding and the associated development of heat does not lead to any impairment of the measured values and, in particular, to any endangerment of the patient or test person.
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging succeeded in detecting the brain areas involved in the hand functions in the first place possible. Both parameters, ie fine motor hand function and the brain areas involved in the execution of the hand functions, are for the first time ever correlated with each other.
- the sensor device allows an online analysis of the fine motor motion sequences as well as a backprojection of visually processed partial aspects of this data to the examined person during a biofeedback. As a result, different performance aspects of the fine motor hand functions can advantageously be dissociated. This is often the case for a comparative study of the brain structures involved in these functions in functional magnetic resonance imaging.
- the force sensor of the device according to the invention for this purpose, an effective resolution of the force amplitude of up to 0.01 N.
- the force sensor has a measuring range up to about 80 N.
- the measuring range then advantageously corresponds to a maximum expected force which a subject is able to exert on the force sensor at all.
- the device has a housing made of PVC.
- PVC is also advantageous not influenced by electromagnetic fields, and in particular by the 3T fields, as they usually occur in magnetic resonance imaging.
- the force, or the acceleration, which the test person exerts on the sensor device according to the invention is measured without deviation.
- it is ensured by a suitable choice of the housing material that there is no force on the device by the magnetic fields of the magnetic resonance tomograph and also to no thermal effect on the housing. It is of course possible to use another suitable material for the housing instead of PVC.
- the sensor device comprises a Faraday force sensor or a shielded against electromagnetic alternating fields FSR force sensor.
- Both types of force sensors belong to the class of electrical force sensors, wherein the Faraday force sensor is associated with the so-called capacitive force sensors and the FSR sensor with the resistance force sensors. These can, in particular if a Faraday cage is provided as shielding against electromagnetic fields, be used in a magnetic resonance tomograph.
- the Faraday force sensor is designed by its geometry so that even with a proper movement of the sensor by the
- Magnetic resonance tomograph free that is, regardless of the position of the sensor device to the head to be able to be moved.
- Such sensors have only been used for rehabilitation purposes in the correlation of absolute
- the Faraday force sensor is therefore due to an inherent shielding deviating from the previous doctrine to be regarded as a force sensor, which is particularly well suited to be used in a magnetic resonance tomograph.
- the measuring electrodes of the Faraday force sensors should advantageously have a spacing of less than 1 millimeter. Then it is ensured that even with bestimnungsdorfen movement of the sensor by the strong gradient field of the main field inside the MRI and the stray field in the immediate vicinity of the MRT opening both electrodes undergo the same field change and thus the measurement actually disturbing effect, the extremely temporally low-frequency magnetic field change, picking up.
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging advantageously does not bother. It was further recognized that the sensor device itself does not emit any interfering electromagnetic fields and thus does not deform the electromagnetic measuring fields of the tomograph.
- the device according to the invention particularly advantageously does not pose any danger to the person being examined, since the device according to the invention is not accelerated or heated by the magnetic fields of the magnetic resonance tomograph.
- the sensor device according to the invention is completely free to move, even in the magnetic resonance tomograph, without the sensor device or the magnetic resonance tomograph being influenced.
- the known from the prior art devices and methods are fixed to the brain region to be imaged, so immovably arranged, since electromagnetic fields and in particular the passage through magnetic field gradients in the movement of the sensor, both the measurement of the sensor and the measurements of the magnetic resonance imaging interfere would.
- the device according to the invention represents an extension of the scope and functionality of the known sensors.
- the device according to the invention is moreover suitable for resolving the gripping force with such an accuracy that the adaptive and predictive control of the gripping force, both in the amplitude change and in the time course, can be quantified.
- This requires a time sampling of the force with at least 256 Hz and a resolution of the force amplitude better than 0.05 N, which is able to comply with the sensor device according to the invention easily.
- a non-metallic force transducer in particular a ruby ball or a sapphire ball, can advantageously be provided.
- the sensor device has a MEMS acceleration sensor.
- the acceleration sensor records the acceleration of the sensor exerted on it by the subject in the three spatial axes. It can thus proceed from the sensor, as in Philipp (Phillip, J: A measuring system for
- the force sensor is described in more detail on the website http://www.faraday-sensoren.de/index-e.htm or on the website http://www.ib-roch.de/faraday_kraftsensoren.pdf.
- a highly elastic, virtually fatigue-free silicon cover 15 is produced. Lid 15 and also made of silicon base body 11 are welded together at the outer edge and so mechanically and electrically connected. Inside this measuring cell, a cavity (cavity) is etched. On the main body 11 and the lid 15 is inside each an insulating
- the small distance between the two measuring electrodes 13 ensures that the field gradients of the magnetic field through which the gripping force sensor is guided during its intended use, that is to say during the movement, have no disturbing influence on the force measurement, since the temporal change of the magnetic field for the magnetic field Both electrodes can be considered as identical at any time.
- the low electrode spacing results in a small deflection of the membrane of a maximum of 5 ⁇ m.
- the distance of the measuring electrodes in this respect should not be greater than 1 millimeter. If the distance between the measuring electrodes is too large, then no meaningful force measurement during operation of the magnetic resonance tomograph is possible.
- the measuring electrodes 13 are led through an opening in the connection between the membrane 15 and the main body 11 to the outside, where both electrodes 13 and the shielding silicon with two 0 0.3 mm thick coaxial cables are contacted (three-wire version).
- the Faraday cage is by means of the all-round enclosure 14, off
- the sheath 14 shields the interior of the cage 14 by an electrically conductive material, but not only against external electric fields, but per se also against alternating electromagnetic fields in general.
- Enclosure 14 may be made entirely of silicon.
- Measuring electrodes 13 a non-metallic ruby ball 16 glued.
- the ball transmits in operation the force exerted by the subject on the electrodes 13.
- the ball has a diameter of 0.1 millimeters.
- the Faraday force sensor 1 has a measuring range of 0 to 50 N. The applied force causes a change in the capacitance of the sensor, which by a corresponding
- Analog circuit is read outside the sensor device.
- Both measuring electrodes are contacted with contacts 17 for this purpose. Depending on a measuring electrode is therefore connected to a respective contact 17. Only one contact 17 is shown in FIG.
- the sensor itself has no temperature-dependent semiconductor effects since the silicon is used as a uniform crystal and not as a pn junction. Any temperature changes only go into the thermal expansion coefficients. In most applications no temperature compensation is necessary (temperature coefficient ⁇ 0.01% / Kelvin). It is understood that FIG. 1 is not drawn to scale. In particular, the lid 15 can be made smaller in comparison to the main body 11, so that ball 16 is arranged close enough to the measuring electrodes 13 for the power transmission. The laxative coaxial cables are also not shown.
- the handle force sensor used is shown schematically.
- the round, completely PVC-made housing 21 of the grip force sensor has a diameter of 9.5 cm, a depth of 4.5 cm and can also be grasped and moved by persons with severely limited hand motor skills.
- an ADXL-330 triaxial acceleration sensor from Analog Devices is integrated into the housing in addition to the force sensor mentioned.
- the ADXL-330 is a one-chip development, and consumes approximately 180 ⁇ A at a supply voltage of 1.8V. It has a measuring range of ⁇ 3 G.
- the used MEMS technology makes it unsusceptible to the extreme magnetic fields of a clinical 3-T magnetic resonance tomograph.
- the digitization, signal pre-processing and storage of the data as well as the online-streaming of this data is done by a microcontroller of the company Texas Instruments.
- the cylindrical housing and the screws used are made of PVC.
- the digital unit, which also includes the analog circuit for reading out the force sensor, is guided out of the high-field MR zone by means of shielded cables during operation in the magnetic resonance tomograph.
- the analog filter eliminates as high-pass filter high interference frequencies of the magnetic resonance tomograph.
- the analog filter is installed close to the sensor in the signal path between the acceleration sensor and the outgoing cable connection (not shown) in order to eliminate high interference frequencies.
- the cable connection is designed as a coaxial cable. It transmits the collected Data on the applied force and acceleration.
- the weight of the sensor device is shown only symbolically.
- Sensor device arranged digital unit for data processing and storage out.
- the sensor device was successfully tested both in the region of the highest magnetic field and in the region of the strongest stray field of a clinical 3 T magnetic resonance tomograph (FIG. 3). The testing included one
- the sensor device was moved at a frequency of about 1 Hz and a deflection of about 50 cm, according to a typical experiment for grip force measurement.
- the magnetic fields of the magnetic resonance tomograph did not exert any noticeable forces on both sensors, neither of which caused any disturbances in the magnetic resonance tomography image.
- the output signals were influenced by the alternating fields of the excitation sequences of the magnetic resonance tomograph via the analogue cables screened during the tests.
- these disturbances are in a frequency range well above the signal frequencies of interest and were so low in amplitude that they could be removed by the mentioned Tiefpassf ⁇ lter of 150 Hz.
- the digital unit was designed as a removable insert, including the lithium-polymer battery used.
- the digital unit When operating in the magnetic resonance tomograph, the digital unit is replaced by a similarly heavy, non-magnetic adapter and led out of the measuring chamber by means of shielded cables (up to a length of 5 m). In this way, a comparison of the two sensor devices with and without digital unit in and outside of the magnetic resonance tomograph is possible.
- the fine motor sensor can be operated completely autonomously via a pushbutton. Status messages (continuous measurement, number of recorded measurements, error message, calibration instructions) are output via a two-digit alphanumeric display. At power up, the system automatically performs a self-test and initiates one if necessary
- Calibration In this case, the user must place the system in 3 different positions on a flat surface according to the instructions of the display. The calibration takes about 1 minute. Up to 96 measurements totaling 4 GB can be stored and managed in the digital unit. An integrated real-time clock uniquely identifies the measurements. Currently, the accelerations in the three spatial directions and the gripping force are digitized with 256 Hz, but significantly higher sampling rates are possible from the system. The battery used allows a maximum measuring time of 5 hours. The system is used for reading the measured data, changing the basic configuration or online visualization via a serial connection
- Measurement data connected to a normal Windows PC.
- the control and visualization takes place via a graphical user interface (GUI) in QT or MATLAB.
- GUI graphical user interface
- Brain structures allows.
- the device according to the invention allows, inter alia, the recording of the isometric finger forces and movement-induced loads in the object manipulation and in the online analysis and backprojection of visually processed partial aspects of the fine motor movement to the person being examined (biofeedback).
- a magnetic resonance tomography-compatible sensor device which permits online backprojection of visually processed partial aspects of the fine motor motion sequences to the examined person in the sense of biofeedback. This makes it possible to identify the functional anatomical brain structures involved in the precise coordination of the fine finger forces in the manipulation of objects in healthy people and patients with neurological diseases.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Child & Adolescent Psychology (AREA)
- Developmental Disabilities (AREA)
- Educational Technology (AREA)
- Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
- Psychiatry (AREA)
- Psychology (AREA)
- Social Psychology (AREA)
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007046171A DE102007046171A1 (de) | 2007-09-26 | 2007-09-26 | Sensorvorrichtung für die Messung feinmotorischer Handfunktionen |
| PCT/DE2008/001337 WO2009039806A1 (de) | 2007-09-26 | 2008-08-13 | Sensorvorrichtung für die messung feinmotorischer handfunktionen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2194870A1 true EP2194870A1 (de) | 2010-06-16 |
Family
ID=40076575
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08801160A Withdrawn EP2194870A1 (de) | 2007-09-26 | 2008-08-13 | Sensorvorrichtung für die messung feinmotorischer handfunktionen |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2194870A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102007046171A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2009039806A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102009034002B4 (de) * | 2009-07-21 | 2018-04-05 | Ralf Reilmann | Fingerkraft-Messvorrichtung |
| IT1403287B1 (it) * | 2010-12-23 | 2013-10-17 | Associazione La Nostra Famiglia Irccs Eugenio Medea | Dispositivo per il rilevamento di sollecitazioni meccaniche in ambiente nmr |
| DE102012018124B4 (de) | 2012-09-13 | 2017-08-31 | Quantimedis GmbH | Isometrische Finger-Greifkraft-Ziel-Messvorrichtung |
| US10045730B2 (en) | 2014-09-11 | 2018-08-14 | The Mitre Corporation | Methods and systems for rapid screening of mild traumatic brain injury |
| CN110192841B (zh) * | 2019-05-27 | 2020-08-14 | 山东大学 | 基于多方向瞬时突变扰动力矩效应的抓握测试装置及方法 |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE29620024U1 (de) * | 1996-11-18 | 1998-03-19 | Philipp, Jens, 80336 München | Greifkörper zur Meßwertermittlung |
| US6491647B1 (en) * | 1998-09-23 | 2002-12-10 | Active Signal Technologies, Inc. | Physiological sensing device |
| DE10047365B4 (de) * | 2000-09-25 | 2005-07-28 | Siemens Ag | Physiologisches Sensorsystem |
-
2007
- 2007-09-26 DE DE102007046171A patent/DE102007046171A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2008
- 2008-08-13 WO PCT/DE2008/001337 patent/WO2009039806A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2008-08-13 EP EP08801160A patent/EP2194870A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2009039806A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102007046171A1 (de) | 2009-04-09 |
| WO2009039806A1 (de) | 2009-04-02 |
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