EP2183179A1 - Arrangement in an overspeed governor of an elevator - Google Patents

Arrangement in an overspeed governor of an elevator

Info

Publication number
EP2183179A1
EP2183179A1 EP08805410A EP08805410A EP2183179A1 EP 2183179 A1 EP2183179 A1 EP 2183179A1 EP 08805410 A EP08805410 A EP 08805410A EP 08805410 A EP08805410 A EP 08805410A EP 2183179 A1 EP2183179 A1 EP 2183179A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
overspeed governor
locking element
rope
arrangement according
pulley
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08805410A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2183179A4 (en
Inventor
Riku Lampinen
Petteri Valjus
Teuvo VÄNTÄNEN
Esko Aulanko
Jorma Mustalahti
Juha Tyllinen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kone Inc
Original Assignee
Kone Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kone Inc filed Critical Kone Inc
Publication of EP2183179A1 publication Critical patent/EP2183179A1/en
Publication of EP2183179A4 publication Critical patent/EP2183179A4/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
    • B66B5/04—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions for detecting excessive speed
    • B66B5/044—Mechanical overspeed governors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
    • B66B5/04—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions for detecting excessive speed

Definitions

  • the object of present invention is an arrangement in an overspeed governor of an elevator as defined in the preamble of claim 1.
  • elevators must contain some appliance that monitors the speed of the elevator and stops the movement of the elevator car if the set maximum speed is exceeded.
  • This kind of appliance generally comprises at least an overspeed governor, which, supervises that the maximum speed is not exceeded, as well as safety gear, fixed to the elevator car or to the car sling and connected to the overspeed governor, which stops the elevator car when the overspeed governor is activated in an overspeed situation.
  • Overspeed governors of elevators are generally mechanical rope systems, in which e.g. an overspeed governor pulley is positioned on bearings that allow rotation in the top part of the elevator shaft and a diverting pulley in the bottom part of the elevator shaft, and a closed loop of the rope of the overspeed governor is fitted to pass around these.
  • the overspeed governor is connected to the safety gear of the elevator car with this rope, which rope moves around the overspeed governor pulley and the diverting pulley as the elevator car moves. If the elevator car moves at too great a speed, the overspeed governor stops the movement of the overspeed governor pulley in the top part of the elevator shaft and simultaneously also the movement of the rope of the overspeed governor stops, in which case the rope of the overspeed governor pulls the wedges in the safety gear against the guide rails guiding the elevator car and movement of the elevator car stops .
  • the purpose of this invention is to eliminate the aforementioned drawbacks and to achieve an inexpensive and reliable arrangement in the overspeed governor of an elevator, by means of which arrangement the overspeed governor can be made easily adjustable and as small in size as possible. Additionally the purpose of the invention is to achieve an arrangement in which the remote tripping and the so-called anti-creeping function of the overspeed governor are advantageously connected to some other function of the overspeed governor.
  • the arrangement of the invention is characterized by what is disclosed in the characterization part of claim 1. Other embodiments of the invention are characterized by what is disclosed in the other claims.
  • inventive embodiments are also discussed in the descriptive section of the present application.
  • inventive content of the application can also be defined differently than in the claims presented below.
  • inventive content may also consist of several separate inventions, especially if the invention is considered in the light of expressions or implicit sub-tasks or from the point of view of advantages or categories of advantages achieved. In this case, some of the attributes contained in the claims below may be superfluous from the point of view of separate inventive concepts.
  • the different details presented in connection with each embodiment of the invention can also be applied in other embodiments.
  • at least some of the subordinate claims can in at least some situations be deemed to be inventive in their own right .
  • One advantage, among others, of the arrangement according to the invention is that it is easy to accurately adjust the limit value of tripping of the overspeed governor.
  • Another advantage is that the overspeed governor does not contain any such parts that have properties whose changing of over time could change the set limit value, in which case the adjustments remain well once set and new adjustments are not needed.
  • the overspeed governor can be made as small as possible, which saves valuable space in the elevator shaft, which is extremely important especially in old buildings.
  • the arrangement lengthens the lifetime of the rope of the overspeed governor compared to prior-art solutions of the same kind, in which the groove of the rope of the overspeed governor in the pulley of the overspeed governor is a so- called V-groove.
  • Another advantage of the arrangement is that it enables bidirectional mechanical tripping of the overspeed governor. Yet another advantage is that owing to its bidirectional pendulum structure it is easy to fit so-called anti-creeping and remote tripping properties into the arrangement. Another advantage is that the arrangement is operationally reliable, simple and inexpensive to implement.
  • FIG. 1 presents a diagrammatic and simplified side view of one elevator without counterweight, in which the arrangement according to the invention is used
  • Fig. 2 presents an oblique side view of the overspeed governor of an elevator, in which one embodiment of the arrangement according to the invention is used
  • Fig. 3 presents an oblique side view of the overspeed governor of an elevator, in which a second embodiment of the arrangement according to the invention is used
  • Fig. 4 presents a side view of the bottom part of the locking element incorporated in the overspeed governor according to the invention, when the overspeed governor has not tripped,
  • Fig. 5 presents a side view of the bottom part of the locking element incorporated in the overspeed governor according to the invention, when the overspeed governor has tripped,
  • Fig. 6 presents a side view of the bottom part of the locking element incorporated in the overspeed governor according to the invention as well as the holding magnet that keeps the locking element in its position,
  • Fig. 7 presents a side view of different shaped bearing supports incorporated in the overspeed governor according to the invention
  • Fig. 8 presents a front view of the gripping part of the locking element incorporated in the overspeed governor according to the invention, in which one solution for adjusting the force exerted on the rope of the overspeed governor caused by the locking element is used,
  • Fig. 9 presents a front view of the gripping part of the locking element incorporated in the overspeed governor according to the invention, in which a second solution for adjusting the force exerted on the rope of the overspeed governor caused by the locking element is used,
  • Fig. 10 presents a front view of an overspeed governor according to Fig. 2, in which one solution for implementing anti-creeping and remote tripping functions is used, when the elevator has permission to move,
  • Fig. 11 presents a front view of an overspeed governor according to Fig. 2, in which one solution for implementing anti-creeping and remote tripping functions is used, when the elevator car is at a floor level with doors open,
  • Fig. 12 presents a front view of an overspeed governor according to Fig. 3, in which a second solution for implementing anti-creeping and remote tripping functions is used, when the elevator has permission to move and
  • Fig. 13 presents a front view of an overspeed governor according to Fig. 3, in which a second solution for implementing anti-creeping and remote tripping functions is used, when the elevator car is at a floor level with doors open.
  • Fig. 1 presents a diagrammatic and simplified side view of one traction sheave elevator without counterweight applicable to the appliance according to the invention, which comprises at least an elevator hoisting machine 5 with hoisting motor, a traction sheave 6, an elevator control system 8, as well as an elevator car 1 in a car sling 2 moving in an essentially vertical direction along guide rails 4, which is suspended on hoisting ropes 3.
  • the first end of the hoisting roping 3 is fixed to the top part of the car sling 2, from where it is led to pass around and over the traction sheave 6, and then under the diverting pulley 7 of the hoisting machine 5 and next over the traction sheave 6 again, from where it goes under the diverting pulley 9 fixed to the bottom of the elevator shaft, and then to the bottom part of the car sling 2, to which the second end of the hoisting roping 3 is fixed.
  • the elevator receives its lifting force from the hoisting machine 5 as a result of the friction between the traction sheave 6 and the hoisting roping 3.
  • the suspension of the elevator car presented in Fig. 1 is a simplified roping construction for an elevator without counterweight . Often the hoisting rope 3 is led to pass via numerous diverting pulleys, so that the suspension ratio is of the magnitude desired.
  • the arrangement according to the invention relates to the overspeed governor 10 of the elevator, which in the embodiment of the example is fixed to the top part of the elevator shaft.
  • the rope 11 of the overspeed governor is fixed at its first end to the safety gear 12b disposed on the bottom part of the car sling 2.
  • the rope 11 is led from the safety gear 12b to pass over the diverting pulley 12 of the overspeed governor 10, from where to under the diverting pulley 12a fixed to the bottom of the elevator shaft, from where again to the safety gear 12b, to which the second end of the rope 11 is fixed.
  • the overspeed governor 10 operates such that when the elevator car
  • the overspeed governor 10 stops the movement of the rope 11, in which case, if the elevator car still moves, the stopped rope
  • One idea of the solution according to the invention is to also prevent creeping of the elevator car 1 with the same method. If the elevator car 1 moves at the floor level, e.g. downwards owing to loading or upwards as the load decreases, by over a pre-defined distance, e.g. 100 mm, the overspeed governor 10 stops the movement of the rope 11, in which case the safety gear 12b engages and the wedges of the safety gear stop the movement of the elevator car 1.
  • Fig. 2 presents an oblique side view of an overspeed governor 10 of an elevator, in which one embodiment of the arrangement according to the invention is used and Fig. 3 of an overspeed governor 10, in which a second embodiment of the arrangement according to the invention is used.
  • the basic idea for stopping the rope 11 of the overspeed governor is the same in both the embodiments.
  • the embodiments differ from each other only in how the anti-creeping and remote tripping properties are implemented. The implementations of these properties is described in more detail in the descriptive sections of figures 10-13.
  • the overspeed governor 10 comprises a frame 13, which comprises two vertical supports 13a as well as two horizontal supports 13b.
  • the vertical supports 13a are fixed to a supportive point suited for the purpose in the top part of the elevator shaft, such as e.g. the overhead beam of the shaft.
  • the horizontal supports 13b are fixed between the vertical supports 13a to the edges of the vertical supports at essentially the same height as each other such that an empty space is left between the horizontal supports 13b.
  • the overspeed governor pulley 12, which is fixed to the horizontal supports 13b on bearings allowing rotation, is fitted into this space between the vertical supports 13a.
  • the outer rim of the overspeed governor pulley 12 has an essentially semicircular rope groove 14, in which the rope 11 of the overspeed governor is fitted to travel.
  • the rope 11 is dimensioned with respect to the rope groove 14 such that a part of the cross-section of the rope 11 is outside the rim of the overspeed governor pulley 12.
  • a pendulum-like locking element 15 is also fixed to the horizontal support 13b with a bearing on the same vertical line but slightly higher than the overspeed governor pulley 12.
  • the locking element 15 is fixed with a bearing that is asymmetrical with respect to the bearing 12c of the overspeed governor pulley 12.
  • the locking element 15 has arm- like side supports 15a on both sides of the overspeed governor pulley 12 that extend essentially from the rim of the overspeed governor pulley 12 towards the hub of the overspeed governor pulley 12, which in a normal situation are in an essentially vertical position and extend slightly above the rim of the overspeed governor pulley 12, in which the side supports 15a are connected to each other at their top ends with the gripping part 15b of the locking element 15.
  • the locking element 15 is dimensioned so that the distance from the bearing point of the locking element 15 to the bottom surface of the gripping part 15b is suitably smaller than the distance from the bearing point 12c of the overspeed governor pulley 12 to the outer surface of the rope 11 of the overspeed governor.
  • the dimensioning is made so that when in the vertical position the bottom surface of the gripping part 15b of the locking element 15 does not touch the rope 11 of the overspeed governor, but when the locking element 15 turns to the side around its bearing point the bottom surface of the gripping part 15b engages the rope 11 of the overspeed governor.
  • Holding elements 16, such as permanent magnets, of the locking element are fixed to the horizontal support 13b of the frame on both sides of the overspeed governor pulley 12, near the bottom part of the locking element 15. Additionally, permanent magnets 17 that produce a magnetic field are fixed to the inside surfaces of the side supports 15a of the locking element near the outside rim of the overspeed governor pulley 12.
  • round non-magnetic plates that conduct electricity e.g. aluminum plates 18, the radius of which is essentially the same as the radius of the overspeed governor pulley 12, are fixed to the sides of the overspeed governor pulley 12, and which aluminum plates 18 are essentially concentric with the ferromagnetic overspeed governor pulley 12. Since the aluminum plates 18 are engaged to the overspeed governor pulley 12 , they rotate with the overspeed governor pulley 12 as the elevator car 1 moves.
  • Detent elements 19 are fixed to the horizontal supports 13b of the frame 13 of the overspeed governor, which the locking element 15 hits after it has turned sufficiently and thus it is unable to turn any farther.
  • the detent elements 19 contain adjustment grooves 19a, via which the detent elements 19 are fixed with bolts and nuts to the horizontal support 13b.
  • the adjustment grooves 19a are elongated in the vertical direction, which enables adjustment of the position of the detent elements 19 in the vertical direction.
  • the gripping part 15b of the locking element 15 also contains adjustment means, with the aid of which the force exerted on the rope 11 of the overspeed governor by the gripping part 15b is adjusted to be suitable.
  • adjustment means can be implemented with at least two different methods and they are presented in more detail in Figs. 8 and 9.
  • Pig. 4 presents a side view of the bottom part of the locking element 15 incorporated in the overspeed governor according to the invention. In the situation of the figure the overspeed governor has not tripped and the locking element 15 is in its normal vertical position.
  • An essentially horizontal axis of rotation 20 is fixed to rotate in both the horizontal supports 13b of the frame 13 , preferably above the center point of rotation of the overspeed governor pulley 12 and essentially on the same vertical line with the aforementioned center point, onto which axis 20 the locking element 15 is fixed with bearings at both of its side supports 15a by means of a sensitive bearing 20a of small diameter, e.g. a slide bearing, to turn around the axis 20.
  • the bearing 20a is fitted into the bearing housing 21 in both the side supports 15a of the locking element 15, which bearing housing 21 is essentially elongated in the longitudinal direction of the side support 15a of the locking element 15 such that in the bearing housing 21 is a clearance A, in the longitudinal direction of the side support 15a of the locking element 15, between the bearing 20a and the bearing housing 21.
  • the bearing housing 21 is fitted to move along with the locking element 15 with respect to the bearing 20a in the longitudinal direction of the side support 15a of the locking element 15.
  • a groove 22 of a circular curve shape is also made in the horizontal support 13b below the axis 20, which is almost as long as a semi-circular curve and the center point of the radius of curvature of which curve is essentially the axis 20.
  • the side support 15a of the locking element 15 extends downwards from the point of its bearing housing 21 such that the bottom end of the side support 15a is below the groove 22.
  • a bearing support 23, which is fitted to travel inside the groove 22, is on the inside surface of the side support 15a at the point of the groove 22.
  • the bearing support 23 is shaped and dimensioned such that an essentially uniform clearance B remains between the top edge of the groove 22 and the bearing support 23, which clearance B is smaller than the clearance A between the bearing housing 21 and the bearing 20a.
  • a draw-spring 48 that acts as a spring element 48, which is fixed at its bottom end to the axis 20 and at its top end by the aid of a fixing means 49 to the side surface, on the side of the overspeed governor pulley 12, of the side support 15a of the locking element 15 above the axis 20.
  • the draw-spring 48 is presented in Fig. 4 behind the side support 15a of the locking element 15 and therefore presented with dashed lines .
  • the draw-spring 48 is fitted to pull the locking element 15 downwards so that in a normal situation the top edge of the bearing 20a of the axis 20 rests on the top edge of the bearing housing 21, in which case the maximum clearance A is below the bearing housing 21.
  • Fig. 5 presents a side view of the bottom part of the locking element 15 incorporated in the overspeed governor according to the invention, in which the overspeed governor has tripped and the locking element 15 has turned to the side.
  • the overspeed governor 10 trips, the force in essentially the radial direction of the overspeed governor pulley 12, i.e. the direction of the arrow C in Fig. 5, pulls the locking element 15 in essentially the longitudinal direction of the side supports 15a of the locking element, in which case the bearing 20a is released from the top surface of the bearing housing 21 and at the same time also the clearance B between the bearing supports 23 and the grooves 22 closes, in which case the top surface of the bearing supports 23 hits the inside top surface of the grooves 22.
  • the locking element 15 is thus arranged to move, in addition to its turning movement, also essentially linearly in the longitudinal direction of its side supports 15a, i.e. with respect to its axis of rotation 20 essentially in the direction of the radius of its axis of rotation 20, in which case the bearing housings 21 in the side supports 15a move along with the side supports 15a towards the outside rim of the overspeed governor pulley 12.
  • Figs. 6 and 7 present details of the two-step holding solution of the locking element 15, which enables, among other things, connecting an electrical switch 50 that disconnects current from the hoisting machine 5 of the elevator to the operation of the locking element 15.
  • the holding elements 16 are fitted to act retentively on the bearing supports 23 in the side supports 15a of the locking element, which bearing supports 23 are shaped differently to each other such that each holding element 16 releases the locking element 15 from its grip at a different angle of inclination of the locking element 15.
  • Fig. 7 presents three bearing supports 23 that are different in shape, which also contain fixing holes 23a, by means of which the bearing supports 23 are fixed to the side supports 15a of the locking element.
  • the length of the bottom edge of the bearing supports 23 is a decisive feature in the detachment of the locking element 15 from the hold of the holding element 16.
  • the tripping point of the overspeed governor can be set to the point desired by shaping the bearing supports 23 suitably.
  • the locking element 15 is able to turn so much that the bottom surface of the gripping part 15b touches the rope 11 of the overspeed governor, in which case mechanical tripping starts.
  • the electrical switch 50 that disconnects current from the hoisting machine 5 of the elevator is connected to the operation of the locking element 15 in two steps such that when the first holding element 16 releases its grip of the bearing support 23 in the side support 15a of the locking element the electrical switch 50 trips and disconnects current from the hoisting machine 5 of the elevator, but the second holding element 16 continues to keep the locking element 15 in an almost vertical position, and mechanical gripping does not occur. If the speed of the elevator car still increases, the hold of the second holding element 16 detaches and the locking element 15 forced by the eddy current forces turns in the direction of rotation of the pulley 12 of the overspeed governor, in which case mechanical tripping occurs and the elevator car stops on the safety gear 12b.
  • Fig. 8 presents a sectioned front view of the gripping part 15b of the locking element 15 incorporated in the overspeed governor according to the invention, in which one solution for adjusting the force exerted on the rope 11 of the overspeed governor caused by the locking element 15 is used.
  • the gripping part 15b contains a support plate 24 that connects the top ends of the side supports 15a of the locking element, to which the top ends of the side supports
  • the drilling also contains a cup spring stack 29, which is supported at its top end with fixing elements 26 under a closed lid 25.
  • the cup spring stack 29 is fitted to press the thruster 28 towards the rope 11 and adjustment of the spring force is implemented with the adjustment plates 51 resting on the bottom surface and the top surface of the flange of the thruster.
  • the V-groove 30 of the bottom surface of the thruster 28 touches the surface of the rope 11 causing an increasing rope force.
  • the cup springs 29 start to press together and they produce a compressive force on the rope 11, which obtains its maximum value when the locking element 15 hits the detent 19.
  • Fig. 9 presents a front view of the gripping part 15b of the locking element 15 incorporated in the overspeed governor according to the invention, in which a second solution for adjusting the force exerted on the rope 11 of the overspeed governor caused by the locking element 15 is used.
  • the gripping part 15b contains a spring element 31, which is e.g. a spring steel plate, adjusted to the desired spring force, that presses against the top surface of the rope 11 of the overspeed governor.
  • the eccentric pendulum-type locking element 15 easily enables a free distance of travel of the anti-creeping function before mechanical tripping of the overspeed governor 10 and pulling of the wedges of the safety gear 12b into the gripping position.
  • the anti-creeping function in the arrangement according to the invention is activated simply by locking the locking element 15 and the overspeed governor pulley 12 to each other.
  • Figs. 10 and 11 present an overspeed governor according to Fig. 2, in which one solution for implementing anti-creeping and remote tripping functions is used.
  • Fig. 10 presents a situation in which the elevator has permission to move
  • Fig. 11 presents a situation in which the elevator car is at a floor level with doors open and thus may not move.
  • the anti-creeping and remote tripping appliance 32 comprises at least an electromagnet 33, a ferromagnetic counterplate 33a that reacts magnetically to the electromagnet 33 and also a hinge mechanism 34, 34a, 35 connected at its first end to the counterplate 33a, on the second end of which hinge mechanism is one or more permanent magnets 17 that form a magnetic field in the overspeed governor pulley 12 and are connected to the locking element 15.
  • the hinge mechanism is fitted to turn around the joint 34a, in its centre part, that is fixed to the side support 15a of the locking element 15 such that when the counterplate 33a is engaged to the electromagnet 33 the permanent magnets 17 are detached from the aluminum plate 18 of the overspeed governor pulley 12, and correspondingly when the counterplate 33a is detached is detached from the electromagnet 33 the permanent magnets 17 are engaged to the aluminum plate 18.
  • the electromagnet 33 is hinged to the side support 15a of the locking element 15 with the joint 36 such that the force of gravity always pulls the top edge of the electromagnet 33 against the counterplate 33a that is fixed in the crank-like hinge mechanism 34, 34a, 35. This ensures dependable operation of the electromagnet 33, although the attractive force of the electromagnet 33 decreases very radically as the air gap 37 between the electromagnet 33 and the counterplate 33a increases .
  • the solution according to Figs. 10 and 11 is based on the magnetic force of attraction between the permanent magnets 17 that create eddy currents and the ferromagnetic steel frame of the overspeed governor pulley 12 as well as on the magnetic counterforce achieved with the electromagnet 33.
  • the permanent magnets 17 pull themselves against the surface of the outermost aluminum plate 18 of the overspeed governor pulley 12 towards the center of the ferromagnetic steel frame of the pulley. In this position the overspeed governor pulley 12 and the locking element 15 are locked to each other and the anti-creeping function is on, and the elevator car does not have permission to move.
  • the locking element 15 starts to turn with the overspeed governor pulley 12.
  • the free movement of the locking element 15 corresponds to the free distance of travel of the anti-creeping function.
  • the electromagnet 33 When the elevator car receives permission to move, the electromagnet 33 is energized, in which case the electromagnet 33 pulls the permanent magnets 17 off the aluminum plate 18 such that a suitable air gap allowing normal drive remains between the aluminum plate 18 and the magnets 17.
  • the remote tripping function is effected by disconnecting current supply from the electromagnet 33, in which case the permanent magnets 17 again attach to the aluminum plate 18 with magnetic force and thus they lock the locking element 15 to the side surface of the overspeed governor pulley 12. Adequate friction and protection for the permanent magnets 17 is obtained by placing a thin polyurethane sheet on the surface of the permanent magnets 17.
  • Figs . 12 and 13 present an overspeed governor according to Fig. 3, in which another solution for implementing anti-creeping and remote tripping functions is used.
  • Fig. 12 presents a situation in which the elevator has permission to move
  • Fig. 13 presents a situation in which the elevator car is at a floor level with doors open and thus may not move.
  • the anti-creeping and remote tripping appliance 32 presented in Figs. 12 and 13 comprises at least a solenoid 39 fixed to the vertical support 13a of the frame 13 of the overspeed governor and a crank-like hinge mechanism 41-46 connected at its first end to the solenoid 39 via the armature 40 of the solenoid, on the second end of which hinge mechanism is a plate-like spring steel pawl element 47 that mechanically locks the overspeed governor pulley 12 and is connected to the locking element 15.
  • the lever element 41 which is bent into an angle and provided with a hinge 42 at its horizontal part, that is on the first end of the hinge mechanism 41-46 is connected at its first end to the armature 40 of the solenoid 39 and correspondingly via an elongated slot 43 in its second end to the hinge element 44 on the top end of the rod-like transmission element 45 that is disposed on the side support 15a and that turns with the side support and moves in the longitudinal direction of the side support 15a.
  • the transmission element 45 On the bottom end of the transmission element 45 is the aforementioned pawl element 47, which is dimensioned and disposed such that when the transmission element 45 rises upwards sufficiently the pawl element 47 rises between the teeth 38 on the outside rim of the aluminum plate 18 on the side of the overspeed governor pulley 12 and thus mechanically locks the locking element 15 to the overspeed governor pulley 12.
  • the transmission element 45 is provided with a spring element 46, which is fitted to push the transmission element 45 upwards in the longitudinal direction of the side support 15a of the locking element.
  • the locking between the locking element 15 and the overspeed governor pulley 12 when activating the anti-creeping function occurs by moving the pawl element 47 on the bottom end of the transmission element 45 between the teeth 38 on the edge of the aluminum plate 18, which occurs with the thrusting force of the spring element 46 when the solenoid 39 is not activated.
  • the pawl element 47 is between the teeth 38, the elevator car is at a landing and it does not have permission to move.
  • the anti-creeping function can be switched off by energizing the solenoid 39, which presses the transmission element 45 down by means of the lever element 41.
  • the remote tripping function is activated by tripping the overspeed governor 10 when the elevator car is moving.
  • current is disconnected from the solenoid 39 and the spring element 46 lifts the pawl element 47 between the teeth 38 of the aluminum plate 18 with its thrusting force.
  • the elevator car does not stop immediately, so that in order to avoid damage of the appliance the spring properties of the pawl element 47 are dimensioned such that the pawl element 47 operates as a flexible element, such as a ratchet, allowing jumping of the pawl element 47 over one or more teeth 38 as the forces increase to be sufficiently great.
  • the force needed to bend the pawl element 47 is however so great that the force needed for mechanical tripping of the device is achieved.
  • the performance, i.e. remanence, of the magnets changes as a function of temperature.
  • the temperature dependence of the permanent magnets used to produce the holding force and the eddy currents needed can be eliminated by using the same types of permanent magnets for both achieving the holding force that holds the locking element 15 in its normal position and for creating the eddy currents.
  • As the temperature increases the production of eddy currents of the permanent magnets 17 decreases owing to the reduction in remanence, but at the same time the attraction force of the holding magnets 16 also decreases. Also ageing of the magnetic materials used causes loss of remanence. When both the forces are produced with the same materials, the change in the properties of the magnetic materials does not affect the whole entity.
  • the axis of the locking element can also be fixed in the side support of the locking element instead of the frame of the overspeed governor, in which case the bearing and the bearing housing of the turning movement of the locking element, and their clearances, are correspondingly in the frame of the overspeed governor.
  • the overspeed governor contains a pendulum-type locking element that enables a free distance of travel of the anti-creeping function before mechanical tripping of the overspeed governor, and that the anti-creeping and remote tripping function are activated by locking the locking element and the overspeed governor pulley to each other.
  • the overspeed governor can be elsewhere than in the top part of the elevator shaft.
  • the overspeed governor can be e.g. in the bottom part of the elevator shaft or in some other suitable location in the elevator shaft.
  • the overspeed governor can be in a different attitude with respect to that presented, e.g. upside-down, in which case many functions are also reversed in the vertical direction owing to the attitude.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Maintenance And Inspection Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)

Abstract

The object of the invention is an arrangement in the overspeed governor of an elevator, which elevator comprises at least one safety gear (12b) disposed in connection with the elevator car (1) as well as an overspeed governor (10). The overspeed governor comprises at least an overspeed governor pulley (12), the rope (11) of the overspeed governor and also a frame (13) and a locking element (15) with its axis of rotation (20) for stopping movement of the overspeed governor rope (11), which locking element (15) is arranged to turn around its axis (20) when the overspeed governor trips. The overspeed governor (10) further comprises permanent magnets (17) for forming a magnetic field. When the overspeed governor trips, the locking element (15) is arranged to move, in addition to its turning movement, essentially in the direction of the radius of its axis of rotation (20).

Description

ARRANGEMENT IN AN OVERSPEED GOVERNOR OF AN ELEVATOR
The object of present invention is an arrangement in an overspeed governor of an elevator as defined in the preamble of claim 1.
According to the safety regulations elevators must contain some appliance that monitors the speed of the elevator and stops the movement of the elevator car if the set maximum speed is exceeded. This kind of appliance generally comprises at least an overspeed governor, which, supervises that the maximum speed is not exceeded, as well as safety gear, fixed to the elevator car or to the car sling and connected to the overspeed governor, which stops the elevator car when the overspeed governor is activated in an overspeed situation. Overspeed governors of elevators are generally mechanical rope systems, in which e.g. an overspeed governor pulley is positioned on bearings that allow rotation in the top part of the elevator shaft and a diverting pulley in the bottom part of the elevator shaft, and a closed loop of the rope of the overspeed governor is fitted to pass around these. The overspeed governor is connected to the safety gear of the elevator car with this rope, which rope moves around the overspeed governor pulley and the diverting pulley as the elevator car moves. If the elevator car moves at too great a speed, the overspeed governor stops the movement of the overspeed governor pulley in the top part of the elevator shaft and simultaneously also the movement of the rope of the overspeed governor stops, in which case the rope of the overspeed governor pulls the wedges in the safety gear against the guide rails guiding the elevator car and movement of the elevator car stops .
There are numerous prior-art solutions for stopping the overspeed governor pulley in overspeed situations. Many prior art solutions are based on centrifugal force. In these solutions as the speed grows over a certain pre-set limit value, centrifugal force pushes e.g. a brake element suited to the purpose against the overspeed governor pulley, in which case the overspeed governor pulley stops . In these kinds of solutions the permitted maximum speed can be adjusted to that desired e.g. by means of suitable springs, which springs resist the centrifugal force and hold the brake element away from the overspeed governor pulley. When the speed grows too high, the centrifugal force exceeds the spring force and the brake element stops the overspeed governor pulley. A problem of these types of solutions however is that it is difficult to adjust the maximum speed precisely to that desired. Another problem is that the adjustments do not necessarily remain the same owing to, among other things, the fact that the overspeed governor activates very seldom, for which reason e.g. the properties of the springs incorporated in the appliance can change over time. Yet another problem is that overspeed governors based on centrifugal force cannot be made very small because their sensitivity becomes too great as the size diminishes. Generally the aim is to minimize space usage in the elevator shaft, so it would be advantageous if the overspeed governor could be made as small as possible.
The purpose of this invention is to eliminate the aforementioned drawbacks and to achieve an inexpensive and reliable arrangement in the overspeed governor of an elevator, by means of which arrangement the overspeed governor can be made easily adjustable and as small in size as possible. Additionally the purpose of the invention is to achieve an arrangement in which the remote tripping and the so-called anti-creeping function of the overspeed governor are advantageously connected to some other function of the overspeed governor. The arrangement of the invention is characterized by what is disclosed in the characterization part of claim 1. Other embodiments of the invention are characterized by what is disclosed in the other claims.
Some inventive embodiments are also discussed in the descriptive section of the present application. The inventive content of the application can also be defined differently than in the claims presented below. The inventive content may also consist of several separate inventions, especially if the invention is considered in the light of expressions or implicit sub-tasks or from the point of view of advantages or categories of advantages achieved. In this case, some of the attributes contained in the claims below may be superfluous from the point of view of separate inventive concepts. Likewise the different details presented in connection with each embodiment of the invention can also be applied in other embodiments. In addition it can be stated that at least some of the subordinate claims can in at least some situations be deemed to be inventive in their own right .
One advantage, among others, of the arrangement according to the invention is that it is easy to accurately adjust the limit value of tripping of the overspeed governor. Another advantage is that the overspeed governor does not contain any such parts that have properties whose changing of over time could change the set limit value, in which case the adjustments remain well once set and new adjustments are not needed. A further advantage is that the overspeed governor can be made as small as possible, which saves valuable space in the elevator shaft, which is extremely important especially in old buildings. Yet another advantage is that the arrangement lengthens the lifetime of the rope of the overspeed governor compared to prior-art solutions of the same kind, in which the groove of the rope of the overspeed governor in the pulley of the overspeed governor is a so- called V-groove. Another advantage of the arrangement is that it enables bidirectional mechanical tripping of the overspeed governor. Yet another advantage is that owing to its bidirectional pendulum structure it is easy to fit so-called anti-creeping and remote tripping properties into the arrangement. Another advantage is that the arrangement is operationally reliable, simple and inexpensive to implement.
In the following, the invention will be described in more detail by the aid of one of its embodiments with reference to the attached drawings, wherein Fig. 1 presents a diagrammatic and simplified side view of one elevator without counterweight, in which the arrangement according to the invention is used,
Fig. 2 presents an oblique side view of the overspeed governor of an elevator, in which one embodiment of the arrangement according to the invention is used, Fig. 3 presents an oblique side view of the overspeed governor of an elevator, in which a second embodiment of the arrangement according to the invention is used,
Fig. 4 presents a side view of the bottom part of the locking element incorporated in the overspeed governor according to the invention, when the overspeed governor has not tripped,
Fig. 5 presents a side view of the bottom part of the locking element incorporated in the overspeed governor according to the invention, when the overspeed governor has tripped,
Fig. 6 presents a side view of the bottom part of the locking element incorporated in the overspeed governor according to the invention as well as the holding magnet that keeps the locking element in its position,
Fig. 7 presents a side view of different shaped bearing supports incorporated in the overspeed governor according to the invention, Fig. 8 presents a front view of the gripping part of the locking element incorporated in the overspeed governor according to the invention, in which one solution for adjusting the force exerted on the rope of the overspeed governor caused by the locking element is used,
Fig. 9 presents a front view of the gripping part of the locking element incorporated in the overspeed governor according to the invention, in which a second solution for adjusting the force exerted on the rope of the overspeed governor caused by the locking element is used,
Fig. 10 presents a front view of an overspeed governor according to Fig. 2, in which one solution for implementing anti-creeping and remote tripping functions is used, when the elevator has permission to move,
Fig. 11 presents a front view of an overspeed governor according to Fig. 2, in which one solution for implementing anti-creeping and remote tripping functions is used, when the elevator car is at a floor level with doors open,
Fig. 12 presents a front view of an overspeed governor according to Fig. 3, in which a second solution for implementing anti-creeping and remote tripping functions is used, when the elevator has permission to move and
Fig. 13 presents a front view of an overspeed governor according to Fig. 3, in which a second solution for implementing anti-creeping and remote tripping functions is used, when the elevator car is at a floor level with doors open.
Fig. 1 presents a diagrammatic and simplified side view of one traction sheave elevator without counterweight applicable to the appliance according to the invention, which comprises at least an elevator hoisting machine 5 with hoisting motor, a traction sheave 6, an elevator control system 8, as well as an elevator car 1 in a car sling 2 moving in an essentially vertical direction along guide rails 4, which is suspended on hoisting ropes 3. The first end of the hoisting roping 3 is fixed to the top part of the car sling 2, from where it is led to pass around and over the traction sheave 6, and then under the diverting pulley 7 of the hoisting machine 5 and next over the traction sheave 6 again, from where it goes under the diverting pulley 9 fixed to the bottom of the elevator shaft, and then to the bottom part of the car sling 2, to which the second end of the hoisting roping 3 is fixed. The elevator receives its lifting force from the hoisting machine 5 as a result of the friction between the traction sheave 6 and the hoisting roping 3. The suspension of the elevator car presented in Fig. 1 is a simplified roping construction for an elevator without counterweight . Often the hoisting rope 3 is led to pass via numerous diverting pulleys, so that the suspension ratio is of the magnitude desired.
The arrangement according to the invention relates to the overspeed governor 10 of the elevator, which in the embodiment of the example is fixed to the top part of the elevator shaft. The rope 11 of the overspeed governor is fixed at its first end to the safety gear 12b disposed on the bottom part of the car sling 2. The rope 11 is led from the safety gear 12b to pass over the diverting pulley 12 of the overspeed governor 10, from where to under the diverting pulley 12a fixed to the bottom of the elevator shaft, from where again to the safety gear 12b, to which the second end of the rope 11 is fixed. The overspeed governor 10 operates such that when the elevator car
I moves downwards or upwards at too great a speed, the overspeed governor 10 stops the movement of the rope 11, in which case, if the elevator car still moves, the stopped rope
II pulls the wedges of the safety gear 12b against the guide rail 4 and thus the movement of the elevator car 1 also stops.
One idea of the solution according to the invention is to also prevent creeping of the elevator car 1 with the same method. If the elevator car 1 moves at the floor level, e.g. downwards owing to loading or upwards as the load decreases, by over a pre-defined distance, e.g. 100 mm, the overspeed governor 10 stops the movement of the rope 11, in which case the safety gear 12b engages and the wedges of the safety gear stop the movement of the elevator car 1.
Fig. 2 presents an oblique side view of an overspeed governor 10 of an elevator, in which one embodiment of the arrangement according to the invention is used and Fig. 3 of an overspeed governor 10, in which a second embodiment of the arrangement according to the invention is used. The basic idea for stopping the rope 11 of the overspeed governor is the same in both the embodiments. The embodiments differ from each other only in how the anti-creeping and remote tripping properties are implemented. The implementations of these properties is described in more detail in the descriptive sections of figures 10-13.
The overspeed governor 10 comprises a frame 13, which comprises two vertical supports 13a as well as two horizontal supports 13b. The vertical supports 13a are fixed to a supportive point suited for the purpose in the top part of the elevator shaft, such as e.g. the overhead beam of the shaft. The horizontal supports 13b are fixed between the vertical supports 13a to the edges of the vertical supports at essentially the same height as each other such that an empty space is left between the horizontal supports 13b. The overspeed governor pulley 12, which is fixed to the horizontal supports 13b on bearings allowing rotation, is fitted into this space between the vertical supports 13a. The outer rim of the overspeed governor pulley 12 has an essentially semicircular rope groove 14, in which the rope 11 of the overspeed governor is fitted to travel. The rope 11 is dimensioned with respect to the rope groove 14 such that a part of the cross-section of the rope 11 is outside the rim of the overspeed governor pulley 12.
A pendulum-like locking element 15 is also fixed to the horizontal support 13b with a bearing on the same vertical line but slightly higher than the overspeed governor pulley 12. Thus the locking element 15 is fixed with a bearing that is asymmetrical with respect to the bearing 12c of the overspeed governor pulley 12. The locking element 15 has arm- like side supports 15a on both sides of the overspeed governor pulley 12 that extend essentially from the rim of the overspeed governor pulley 12 towards the hub of the overspeed governor pulley 12, which in a normal situation are in an essentially vertical position and extend slightly above the rim of the overspeed governor pulley 12, in which the side supports 15a are connected to each other at their top ends with the gripping part 15b of the locking element 15. The locking element 15 is dimensioned so that the distance from the bearing point of the locking element 15 to the bottom surface of the gripping part 15b is suitably smaller than the distance from the bearing point 12c of the overspeed governor pulley 12 to the outer surface of the rope 11 of the overspeed governor. The dimensioning is made so that when in the vertical position the bottom surface of the gripping part 15b of the locking element 15 does not touch the rope 11 of the overspeed governor, but when the locking element 15 turns to the side around its bearing point the bottom surface of the gripping part 15b engages the rope 11 of the overspeed governor.
Holding elements 16, such as permanent magnets, of the locking element are fixed to the horizontal support 13b of the frame on both sides of the overspeed governor pulley 12, near the bottom part of the locking element 15. Additionally, permanent magnets 17 that produce a magnetic field are fixed to the inside surfaces of the side supports 15a of the locking element near the outside rim of the overspeed governor pulley 12. In addition round non-magnetic plates that conduct electricity, e.g. aluminum plates 18, the radius of which is essentially the same as the radius of the overspeed governor pulley 12, are fixed to the sides of the overspeed governor pulley 12, and which aluminum plates 18 are essentially concentric with the ferromagnetic overspeed governor pulley 12. Since the aluminum plates 18 are engaged to the overspeed governor pulley 12 , they rotate with the overspeed governor pulley 12 as the elevator car 1 moves.
TWhen the overspeed governor pulley 12 rotates, eddy currents are produced in the aluminum plates 18 from the influence of the permanent magnets 17 on the side supports 15a of the locking element 15. The eddy currents produce a force that resists the rotation of the overspeed governor pulley 12 and endeavor to turn the locking element 15 out of its vertical position to the side in the direction of rotation of the overspeed governor pulley 12. Simultaneously the holding elements 16 fitted close to the bottom part of the locking element 15 endeavor to keep the locking element 15 in its vertical position. When the speed of rotation of the overspeed governor pulley 12 exceeds the set tripping speed, the eddy current force exceeds the counterforce of the holding elements 16 and the locking element 15 is able to turn on its axis in the direction of rotation of the overspeed governor pulley 12. Owing to the dimensioning of the locking element 15 and the eccentricity of the bearings, when the locking element 15 turns the bottom surface of the gripping part 15b of the locking element touches the rope 11 of the overspeed governor pulley, which according to its direction of movement pulls the locking element 15 further to grip even more firmly on the rope 11, stopping the movement of the rope 11 and of the overspeed governor pulley 12.
Detent elements 19 are fixed to the horizontal supports 13b of the frame 13 of the overspeed governor, which the locking element 15 hits after it has turned sufficiently and thus it is unable to turn any farther. The detent elements 19 contain adjustment grooves 19a, via which the detent elements 19 are fixed with bolts and nuts to the horizontal support 13b. The adjustment grooves 19a are elongated in the vertical direction, which enables adjustment of the position of the detent elements 19 in the vertical direction. By adjusting the position of the detent elements 19 it is possible to also adjust at the same time how far the locking element 15 can turn before hitting the detent element 19. The gripping part 15b of the locking element 15 also contains adjustment means, with the aid of which the force exerted on the rope 11 of the overspeed governor by the gripping part 15b is adjusted to be suitable. These adjustment means can be implemented with at least two different methods and they are presented in more detail in Figs. 8 and 9. Pig. 4 presents a side view of the bottom part of the locking element 15 incorporated in the overspeed governor according to the invention. In the situation of the figure the overspeed governor has not tripped and the locking element 15 is in its normal vertical position. An essentially horizontal axis of rotation 20 is fixed to rotate in both the horizontal supports 13b of the frame 13 , preferably above the center point of rotation of the overspeed governor pulley 12 and essentially on the same vertical line with the aforementioned center point, onto which axis 20 the locking element 15 is fixed with bearings at both of its side supports 15a by means of a sensitive bearing 20a of small diameter, e.g. a slide bearing, to turn around the axis 20. The bearing 20a is fitted into the bearing housing 21 in both the side supports 15a of the locking element 15, which bearing housing 21 is essentially elongated in the longitudinal direction of the side support 15a of the locking element 15 such that in the bearing housing 21 is a clearance A, in the longitudinal direction of the side support 15a of the locking element 15, between the bearing 20a and the bearing housing 21. The bearing housing 21 is fitted to move along with the locking element 15 with respect to the bearing 20a in the longitudinal direction of the side support 15a of the locking element 15.
A groove 22 of a circular curve shape is also made in the horizontal support 13b below the axis 20, which is almost as long as a semi-circular curve and the center point of the radius of curvature of which curve is essentially the axis 20. The side support 15a of the locking element 15 extends downwards from the point of its bearing housing 21 such that the bottom end of the side support 15a is below the groove 22. A bearing support 23, which is fitted to travel inside the groove 22, is on the inside surface of the side support 15a at the point of the groove 22. The bearing support 23 is shaped and dimensioned such that an essentially uniform clearance B remains between the top edge of the groove 22 and the bearing support 23, which clearance B is smaller than the clearance A between the bearing housing 21 and the bearing 20a. Fig. 4 further presents with dashed lines a draw-spring 48 that acts as a spring element 48, which is fixed at its bottom end to the axis 20 and at its top end by the aid of a fixing means 49 to the side surface, on the side of the overspeed governor pulley 12, of the side support 15a of the locking element 15 above the axis 20. The draw-spring 48 is presented in Fig. 4 behind the side support 15a of the locking element 15 and therefore presented with dashed lines . The draw-spring 48 is fitted to pull the locking element 15 downwards so that in a normal situation the top edge of the bearing 20a of the axis 20 rests on the top edge of the bearing housing 21, in which case the maximum clearance A is below the bearing housing 21.
Fig. 5 presents a side view of the bottom part of the locking element 15 incorporated in the overspeed governor according to the invention, in which the overspeed governor has tripped and the locking element 15 has turned to the side. When the overspeed governor 10 trips, the force in essentially the radial direction of the overspeed governor pulley 12, i.e. the direction of the arrow C in Fig. 5, pulls the locking element 15 in essentially the longitudinal direction of the side supports 15a of the locking element, in which case the bearing 20a is released from the top surface of the bearing housing 21 and at the same time also the clearance B between the bearing supports 23 and the grooves 22 closes, in which case the top surface of the bearing supports 23 hits the inside top surface of the grooves 22. In this case the forces produced when the overspeed governor trips are transmitted to the frame 13 via the bearing supports 23 and do not stress the essentially small bearing 20a of the axis 20. According to the invention when the overspeed governor trips the locking element 15 is thus arranged to move, in addition to its turning movement, also essentially linearly in the longitudinal direction of its side supports 15a, i.e. with respect to its axis of rotation 20 essentially in the direction of the radius of its axis of rotation 20, in which case the bearing housings 21 in the side supports 15a move along with the side supports 15a towards the outside rim of the overspeed governor pulley 12. Additionally, when the points of support of the detent elements 19 are disposed directly on the line of the rope force of the rope 11 of the overspeed governor, the torque produced from the rope force can be fully nullified. That being the case, the bearing of the locking element 15 does not have to bear the forces during tripping of the overspeed governor at all . These properties enable a small and sensitive but sufficiently robust bearing.
Figs. 6 and 7 present details of the two-step holding solution of the locking element 15, which enables, among other things, connecting an electrical switch 50 that disconnects current from the hoisting machine 5 of the elevator to the operation of the locking element 15. As is mentioned above, there is one of the permanent magnets acting as holding elements 16 for each of the side supports 15a of the locking element. The holding elements 16 are fitted to act retentively on the bearing supports 23 in the side supports 15a of the locking element, which bearing supports 23 are shaped differently to each other such that each holding element 16 releases the locking element 15 from its grip at a different angle of inclination of the locking element 15.
Fig. 7 presents three bearing supports 23 that are different in shape, which also contain fixing holes 23a, by means of which the bearing supports 23 are fixed to the side supports 15a of the locking element. The length of the bottom edge of the bearing supports 23 is a decisive feature in the detachment of the locking element 15 from the hold of the holding element 16. The longer the bottom edge of the bearing support 23 is, the greater the angle of inclination of the locking element 15 and simultaneously the force needed from the eddy current, in other words the speed of the overspeed governor pulley 12, are before the locking element 15 detaches from the hold. Thus the tripping point of the overspeed governor can be set to the point desired by shaping the bearing supports 23 suitably. When the eddy current force exceeds the holding force of the holding element 16 the locking element 15 is able to turn so much that the bottom surface of the gripping part 15b touches the rope 11 of the overspeed governor, in which case mechanical tripping starts.
The electrical switch 50 that disconnects current from the hoisting machine 5 of the elevator is connected to the operation of the locking element 15 in two steps such that when the first holding element 16 releases its grip of the bearing support 23 in the side support 15a of the locking element the electrical switch 50 trips and disconnects current from the hoisting machine 5 of the elevator, but the second holding element 16 continues to keep the locking element 15 in an almost vertical position, and mechanical gripping does not occur. If the speed of the elevator car still increases, the hold of the second holding element 16 detaches and the locking element 15 forced by the eddy current forces turns in the direction of rotation of the pulley 12 of the overspeed governor, in which case mechanical tripping occurs and the elevator car stops on the safety gear 12b.
Fig. 8 presents a sectioned front view of the gripping part 15b of the locking element 15 incorporated in the overspeed governor according to the invention, in which one solution for adjusting the force exerted on the rope 11 of the overspeed governor caused by the locking element 15 is used. In this solution the gripping part 15b contains a support plate 24 that connects the top ends of the side supports 15a of the locking element, to which the top ends of the side supports
15a are foxed with fixing elements 27. In the center part of the support plate 24 is a drilling, into which is fitted an adjustable spring-loaded thruster 28, the bottom end of which extends from the drilling to below the support plate 24. The bottom end on the bottom surface of the thruster is also provided with an essentially V-shaped groove 30 that presses against the top surface of the rope 11 of the overspeed governor. The drilling also contains a cup spring stack 29, which is supported at its top end with fixing elements 26 under a closed lid 25. The cup spring stack 29 is fitted to press the thruster 28 towards the rope 11 and adjustment of the spring force is implemented with the adjustment plates 51 resting on the bottom surface and the top surface of the flange of the thruster. As the angle of inclination of the locking element 15 increases the V-groove 30 of the bottom surface of the thruster 28 touches the surface of the rope 11 causing an increasing rope force. When the locking element 15 wedges, the cup springs 29 start to press together and they produce a compressive force on the rope 11, which obtains its maximum value when the locking element 15 hits the detent 19.
Correspondingly Fig. 9 presents a front view of the gripping part 15b of the locking element 15 incorporated in the overspeed governor according to the invention, in which a second solution for adjusting the force exerted on the rope 11 of the overspeed governor caused by the locking element 15 is used. In this solution the gripping part 15b contains a spring element 31, which is e.g. a spring steel plate, adjusted to the desired spring force, that presses against the top surface of the rope 11 of the overspeed governor. An advantage with this solution is a simple, light structure of inexpensive cost.
The eccentric pendulum-type locking element 15 easily enables a free distance of travel of the anti-creeping function before mechanical tripping of the overspeed governor 10 and pulling of the wedges of the safety gear 12b into the gripping position. The anti-creeping function in the arrangement according to the invention is activated simply by locking the locking element 15 and the overspeed governor pulley 12 to each other.
Figs. 10 and 11 present an overspeed governor according to Fig. 2, in which one solution for implementing anti-creeping and remote tripping functions is used. Fig. 10 presents a situation in which the elevator has permission to move, whereas Fig. 11 presents a situation in which the elevator car is at a floor level with doors open and thus may not move.
The anti-creeping and remote tripping appliance 32 comprises at least an electromagnet 33, a ferromagnetic counterplate 33a that reacts magnetically to the electromagnet 33 and also a hinge mechanism 34, 34a, 35 connected at its first end to the counterplate 33a, on the second end of which hinge mechanism is one or more permanent magnets 17 that form a magnetic field in the overspeed governor pulley 12 and are connected to the locking element 15. The hinge mechanism is fitted to turn around the joint 34a, in its centre part, that is fixed to the side support 15a of the locking element 15 such that when the counterplate 33a is engaged to the electromagnet 33 the permanent magnets 17 are detached from the aluminum plate 18 of the overspeed governor pulley 12, and correspondingly when the counterplate 33a is detached is detached from the electromagnet 33 the permanent magnets 17 are engaged to the aluminum plate 18.
The electromagnet 33 is hinged to the side support 15a of the locking element 15 with the joint 36 such that the force of gravity always pulls the top edge of the electromagnet 33 against the counterplate 33a that is fixed in the crank-like hinge mechanism 34, 34a, 35. This ensures dependable operation of the electromagnet 33, although the attractive force of the electromagnet 33 decreases very radically as the air gap 37 between the electromagnet 33 and the counterplate 33a increases .
The solution according to Figs. 10 and 11 is based on the magnetic force of attraction between the permanent magnets 17 that create eddy currents and the ferromagnetic steel frame of the overspeed governor pulley 12 as well as on the magnetic counterforce achieved with the electromagnet 33. When electricity is not supplied to the electromagnet 33, the permanent magnets 17 pull themselves against the surface of the outermost aluminum plate 18 of the overspeed governor pulley 12 towards the center of the ferromagnetic steel frame of the pulley. In this position the overspeed governor pulley 12 and the locking element 15 are locked to each other and the anti-creeping function is on, and the elevator car does not have permission to move. If the elevator car however starts to move upwards or downwards, the locking element 15 starts to turn with the overspeed governor pulley 12. The free movement of the locking element 15 corresponds to the free distance of travel of the anti-creeping function. When the locking element 15 hits the detent element 19 the rope 11 of the overspeed governor stops, pulling the wedges of the safety gear 12b into the gripping position.
When the elevator car receives permission to move, the electromagnet 33 is energized, in which case the electromagnet 33 pulls the permanent magnets 17 off the aluminum plate 18 such that a suitable air gap allowing normal drive remains between the aluminum plate 18 and the magnets 17.
The remote tripping function is effected by disconnecting current supply from the electromagnet 33, in which case the permanent magnets 17 again attach to the aluminum plate 18 with magnetic force and thus they lock the locking element 15 to the side surface of the overspeed governor pulley 12. Adequate friction and protection for the permanent magnets 17 is obtained by placing a thin polyurethane sheet on the surface of the permanent magnets 17.
Correspondingly Figs . 12 and 13 present an overspeed governor according to Fig. 3, in which another solution for implementing anti-creeping and remote tripping functions is used. Fig. 12 presents a situation in which the elevator has permission to move, whereas Fig. 13 presents a situation in which the elevator car is at a floor level with doors open and thus may not move.
The anti-creeping and remote tripping appliance 32 presented in Figs. 12 and 13 comprises at least a solenoid 39 fixed to the vertical support 13a of the frame 13 of the overspeed governor and a crank-like hinge mechanism 41-46 connected at its first end to the solenoid 39 via the armature 40 of the solenoid, on the second end of which hinge mechanism is a plate-like spring steel pawl element 47 that mechanically locks the overspeed governor pulley 12 and is connected to the locking element 15. The lever element 41, which is bent into an angle and provided with a hinge 42 at its horizontal part, that is on the first end of the hinge mechanism 41-46 is connected at its first end to the armature 40 of the solenoid 39 and correspondingly via an elongated slot 43 in its second end to the hinge element 44 on the top end of the rod-like transmission element 45 that is disposed on the side support 15a and that turns with the side support and moves in the longitudinal direction of the side support 15a.
On the bottom end of the transmission element 45 is the aforementioned pawl element 47, which is dimensioned and disposed such that when the transmission element 45 rises upwards sufficiently the pawl element 47 rises between the teeth 38 on the outside rim of the aluminum plate 18 on the side of the overspeed governor pulley 12 and thus mechanically locks the locking element 15 to the overspeed governor pulley 12. The transmission element 45 is provided with a spring element 46, which is fitted to push the transmission element 45 upwards in the longitudinal direction of the side support 15a of the locking element.
In the solution presented in Figs. 12 and 13 the locking between the locking element 15 and the overspeed governor pulley 12 when activating the anti-creeping function occurs by moving the pawl element 47 on the bottom end of the transmission element 45 between the teeth 38 on the edge of the aluminum plate 18, which occurs with the thrusting force of the spring element 46 when the solenoid 39 is not activated. When the pawl element 47 is between the teeth 38, the elevator car is at a landing and it does not have permission to move. Correspondingly the anti-creeping function can be switched off by energizing the solenoid 39, which presses the transmission element 45 down by means of the lever element 41. At the same time the hinge element 44 on the top end of the transmission element 45 is fitted to move on the same line with the axis 20 of the locking element 15. In this case the lever element 41 does not need to move, even though the locking element 15 turns around its axis 20. Thus neither the inertia of the solenoid 39 nor of the lever element 41 participates in the movement of the locking element 15. The only force resisting movement of the locking element 15 is the bearing friction.
In the solution according to Figs. 12 and 13 the remote tripping function is activated by tripping the overspeed governor 10 when the elevator car is moving. In this case current is disconnected from the solenoid 39 and the spring element 46 lifts the pawl element 47 between the teeth 38 of the aluminum plate 18 with its thrusting force. The elevator car does not stop immediately, so that in order to avoid damage of the appliance the spring properties of the pawl element 47 are dimensioned such that the pawl element 47 operates as a flexible element, such as a ratchet, allowing jumping of the pawl element 47 over one or more teeth 38 as the forces increase to be sufficiently great. The force needed to bend the pawl element 47 is however so great that the force needed for mechanical tripping of the device is achieved.
The performance, i.e. remanence, of the magnets changes as a function of temperature. The temperature dependence of the permanent magnets used to produce the holding force and the eddy currents needed can be eliminated by using the same types of permanent magnets for both achieving the holding force that holds the locking element 15 in its normal position and for creating the eddy currents. As the temperature increases the production of eddy currents of the permanent magnets 17 decreases owing to the reduction in remanence, but at the same time the attraction force of the holding magnets 16 also decreases. Also ageing of the magnetic materials used causes loss of remanence. When both the forces are produced with the same materials, the change in the properties of the magnetic materials does not affect the whole entity.
It is obvious to the person skilled in the art that the invention is not limited solely to the example described above, but that it may be varied within the scope of the claims presented below. Thus, for example, the arrangement according to the invention can be used in a different elevator to that described above. The elevator can also just as well be an elevator with counterweight instead of an elevator without counterweight. Also the suspension of the elevator presented can be different than in the embodiments described above.
It is also obvious to the person skilled in the art that the axis of the locking element can also be fixed in the side support of the locking element instead of the frame of the overspeed governor, in which case the bearing and the bearing housing of the turning movement of the locking element, and their clearances, are correspondingly in the frame of the overspeed governor.
It is further obvious to the person skilled in the art that instead of the anti-creeping and remote tripping appliances presented above the aforementioned appliances can also be different. It is essential, however, that the overspeed governor contains a pendulum-type locking element that enables a free distance of travel of the anti-creeping function before mechanical tripping of the overspeed governor, and that the anti-creeping and remote tripping function are activated by locking the locking element and the overspeed governor pulley to each other.
It is also obvious to the person skilled in the art that the overspeed governor can be elsewhere than in the top part of the elevator shaft. The overspeed governor can be e.g. in the bottom part of the elevator shaft or in some other suitable location in the elevator shaft. In addition, the overspeed governor can be in a different attitude with respect to that presented, e.g. upside-down, in which case many functions are also reversed in the vertical direction owing to the attitude.

Claims

CIiAIMS
1. Arrangement in the overspeed governor of an elevator, which elevator comprises at least an elevator car (1) suspended on the hoisting roping (3) of the elevator, which is arranged to travel backwards and forwards essentially vertically along guide rails (4) , a safety gear (12b) disposed in connection with at least one elevator car (1) and also an overspeed governor (10) , which overspeed governor (10) comprises at least an overspeed governor pulley (12) , a diverting pulley
(12a) and the overspeed governor rope (11) , which is fitted as a loop around at least the overspeed governor pulley (12) as well as a diverting pulley (12a) and which overspeed governor rope (11) is connected directly or indirectly to at least one safety gear (12b) , and which overspeed governor (10) further comprises at least a frame (13) and a locking element (15) with its axis of rotation (20) for stopping movement of the overspeed governor rope (11) , which locking element (15) is arranged to turn around its axis (20) when the overspeed governor trips, and which overspeed governor (10) further comprises permanent magnets (17) for forming a magnetic field, characterized in that when the overspeed governor (10) trips the locking element (15) is arranged to move, in addition to its turning movement, essentially in the direction of the radius of its axis of rotation (20) .
2. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the locking element (15) contains at least one side support (15a) , which side support (15a) contains a bearing housing (21) provided with the bearing (20a) of the axis of rotation (20) , which bearing housing contains at least a clearance (A) that with respect to the bearing (20a) of the axis of rotation (20) is essentially elongated in the longitudinal direction of the side support (15a) of the locking element (15) .
3. Arrangement according to claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the side support (15a) of the locking element (15) contains a bearing support (23) below the bearing housing (21) , which is fitted to travel in the curved groove (22) in the frame (13) of the overspeed governor (10) and which bearing support (23) is arranged to bear the forces produced when the overspeed governor trips .
4. Arrangement according to claim 1 , 2 or 3 , characterized in that in a normal situation the clearance (B) of the bearing support (23) to the edge of the groove on the side of the bearing housing (21) is smaller than the clearance (A) , in the longitudinal direction of the side support (15a) of the locking element (15) , in the bearing housing (21) between the bearing housing (21) and the bearing (20a) .
5. Arrangement according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the locking element (15) is fixed to the frame (13) of the overspeed governor (10) with bearings that allow rotation in both directions of rotation of the overspeed governor pulley (12) .
6. Arrangement according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the frame (13) of the overspeed governor (10) contains detent elements (19) for limiting the movement of the locking element (15) in both directions of rotation of the overspeed governor pulley (12), the point of support of which detent elements (19) is disposed essentially on the line of the rope force of the rope (11) of the overspeed governor .
7. Arrangement according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the locking element (15) contains a gripping part (15b) , which is fitted to press against the surface of the rope (11) of the overspeed governor when the overspeed governor (10) trips.
8. Arrangement according to claim 7, characterized in that the gripping part (15b) contains a adjustable spring-loaded thruster (28) , which is provided with a groove (30) that presses against the surface of the rope (11) of the overspeed governor .
9. Arrangement according to claim 7 , characterized in that the gripping part (15b) contains a spring element (31) , adjusted to the desired spring force, that presses against the surface of the rope (11) of the overspeed governor.
10. Arrangement according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the axis of rotation (20) of the locking element (15) is disposed eccentrically with respect to the axis of rotation of the overspeed governor pulley (12) and the length of the side supports (15a) of the locking element (15) with respect to the radius of the overspeed governor pulley (12) is selected so that when the locking element (15) turns the bottom surface of the gripping part (15b) of the locking element touches the top surface of the rope (11) of the overspeed governor pulley, which rope (11) according to its direction of movement is fitted to pull the locking element (15) further to grip even more firmly on the rope (11) in order to stop the movement of the rope (11) and of the overspeed governor pulley (12) .
11. Arrangement according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the locking element (15) is in a normal situation, when the speed of movement of the elevator car is in the permitted range, is arranged to remain essentially vertical and in its bottom position by means of a holding element (16) in the frame (13), such as one or more permanent magnets and a spring element (48) fixed to the side support
(15a) of the locking element (15) , acting on the bearing support (23) .
12. Arrangement according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that there is one holding element (16) for each side support (15a) of the locking element, and in that the bearing supports (23) are shaped differently to each other such that each holding element (16) releases the locking element (15) from its grip at a different angle of inclination of the locking element (15) .
13. Arrangement according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrical switch (50) that disconnects current from the hoisting machine (5) of the elevator is connected to the operation of the locking element
(15) in two steps such that when the first holding element
(16) releases its grip of the bearing support (23) in the side support (15a) of the locking element the electrical switch
(50) trips, but gripping does not occur.
14. Arrangement according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that an anti-creeping and remote tripping appliance (32) is connected to the overspeed governor (10) .
15. Arrangement according to claim 14, characterized in that the anti-creeping and remote tripping appliance (32) comprises at least an electromagnet (33), a ferromagnetic counterplate (33a) that reacts magnetically to the electromagnet (33) and also a hinge mechanism (34, 34a, 35) connected at its first end to the counterplate (33a) , on the second end of which hinge mechanism is one or more permanent magnets (17) that form a magnetic field in the overspeed governor pulley (12) and are connected to the locking element (15) .
16. Arrangement according to claim 15, characterized in that both the anti-creeping function and the remote tripping function are implemented by disconnecting the current supply of the electromagnet (33), and by allowing the permanent magnet (17) to engage to the side surface of the overspeed governor pulley (12) with the force of magnetic attraction.
17. Arrangement according to claim 14, characterized in that the anti-creeping and remote tripping appliance (32) comprises at least a solenoid (39) and a hinge mechanism (41-46) connected at its first end to the solenoid (39) , on the second end of which hinge mechanism is a pawl element (47) that mechanically locks the overspeed governor pulley (12) and is connected to the locking element (15) .
18. Arrangement according to claim 17, characterized in that both the anti-creeping function and the remote tripping function are implemented by disconnecting the current supply from the solenoid (39) , and by allowing the pawl element (47) to engage between the teeth (38) in the side surface of the overspeed governor pulley (12) by means of the spring force of the spring element (46) .
EP08805410.1A 2007-08-30 2008-08-27 Arrangement in an overspeed governor of an elevator Withdrawn EP2183179A4 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20070662A FI119687B (en) 2007-08-30 2007-08-30 Arrangement in the elevator speed limiter
PCT/FI2008/000096 WO2009027576A1 (en) 2007-08-30 2008-08-27 Arrangement in an overspeed governor of an elevator

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2183179A1 true EP2183179A1 (en) 2010-05-12
EP2183179A4 EP2183179A4 (en) 2014-01-22

Family

ID=38468728

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08805410.1A Withdrawn EP2183179A4 (en) 2007-08-30 2008-08-27 Arrangement in an overspeed governor of an elevator

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2183179A4 (en)
CN (1) CN101821187B (en)
FI (1) FI119687B (en)
WO (1) WO2009027576A1 (en)

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WO2013180721A1 (en) * 2012-05-31 2013-12-05 Otis Elevator Company Car mounted overspeed governor actuation device
CN104326324A (en) * 2014-10-30 2015-02-04 森赫电梯股份有限公司 Vertical guide elevator speed limiter tensioning device
CN108002168B (en) 2016-10-27 2021-04-02 奥的斯电梯公司 Remote triggering device, speed limiter assembly and elevator
CN111017673B (en) 2018-10-09 2022-08-12 奥的斯电梯公司 Remote triggering device, speed limiter assembly and elevator system
CN115258874B (en) * 2022-08-16 2024-04-26 凯帝斯电梯股份有限公司 Electrical device for overspeed prevention of elevator
CN117945145B (en) * 2024-03-27 2024-06-14 山西迎才物流设备科技有限公司 Rod stacking device and stacking method thereof

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JP2529093Y2 (en) * 1991-10-25 1997-03-12 オーチス エレベータ カンパニー Governor with rope catch mechanism for elevator
US5617933A (en) * 1995-06-13 1997-04-08 Otis Elevator Company Bi-directional elevator governor
EP1350753B1 (en) * 2002-04-02 2008-05-07 Inventio Ag Device for engaging the emergency braking device of an elevator car
DE50309764D1 (en) * 2002-04-02 2008-06-19 Inventio Ag Device for engaging a safety gear for an elevator car
AT412967B (en) * 2002-12-11 2005-09-26 Wittur Gmbh DEVICE FOR THE SPEED-RELATED TRIP OF A BRAKE AND BZW. OR SHUTDOWN OF HOISTS
JP4137754B2 (en) * 2003-09-29 2008-08-20 株式会社日立製作所 Elevator governor

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Title
No further relevant documents disclosed *
See also references of WO2009027576A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2009027576A8 (en) 2010-07-01
EP2183179A4 (en) 2014-01-22
CN101821187B (en) 2013-01-02
WO2009027576A1 (en) 2009-03-05
CN101821187A (en) 2010-09-01
FI119687B (en) 2009-02-13
FI20070662A0 (en) 2007-08-30

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