EP2179430A1 - Electromagnetic actuator - Google Patents

Electromagnetic actuator

Info

Publication number
EP2179430A1
EP2179430A1 EP08786982A EP08786982A EP2179430A1 EP 2179430 A1 EP2179430 A1 EP 2179430A1 EP 08786982 A EP08786982 A EP 08786982A EP 08786982 A EP08786982 A EP 08786982A EP 2179430 A1 EP2179430 A1 EP 2179430A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
armature
electromagnetic actuator
magnetic
actuator according
recess
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP08786982A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2179430B1 (en
Inventor
Wilfried Haas
Werner Hartmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP2179430A1 publication Critical patent/EP2179430A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2179430B1 publication Critical patent/EP2179430B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
    • H01H33/6662—Operating arrangements using bistable electromagnetic actuators, e.g. linear polarised electromagnetic actuators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/081—Magnetic constructions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1638—Armatures not entering the winding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/081—Magnetic constructions
    • H01F2007/083—External yoke surrounding the coil bobbin, e.g. made of bent magnetic sheet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/081—Magnetic constructions
    • H01F2007/086—Structural details of the armature

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator, in particular an electromagnetic actuator for the actuation of a switching element.
  • the electromagnetic actuator comprises a magnet system 2 with a magnet yoke 4 fixed in a housing and an armature 6 movably mounted in the housing. In an initial position the armature 6 by a force acting on it magnetic force F M (holding force) held on Magnetj och 4.
  • the armature 6 is arranged on a carrier 8 made of an electrically insulating material and mounted with a guide rod 10 axially displaceable in a guide 12 fixed in the housing.
  • a spring 16 in the example of the figure, a cup spring package is supported.
  • the spring 16 is biased and exerts on the armature 6 acting against the magnetic force F M spring force F F , which is smaller than the force exerted by the magnetic yoke 4 on the armature 6 magnetic holding force or magnetic force F M.
  • the flange 14 is mechanically coupled to the movable contact 18 of an electrical switching element 20, the power supply via the flange 14 and a fixed flange 21 takes place.
  • the magnet yoke 4 of such an actuator arrangement may be a pure DC magnet or a combination of a DC magnet and a permanent magnet.
  • the magnetic force F M by one in a coil of the DC magnet flowing current I generated.
  • the magnetic force F M is provided exclusively by the permanent magnet.
  • the direct current I is switched off or, by switching on a direct current I or a pulsed current, the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet is compensated by an electromagnetically generated opposing field.
  • the armature 6 is set in motion and actuates the switching element 20 via the flange 14.
  • magnetic force F M and spring force F F must be matched to one another in such a way that the armature 6 remains securely in the starting position even under mechanical loading of the switching device and does not trigger upon vibration.
  • the spring force F F must be large enough to accelerate the armature so that in a short time covers a distance sufficient to operate the switching element 20 safely.
  • paths in the range of a few tenths of a millimeter to about 2 mm are often covered in very short times ( ⁇ 1 ms).
  • high holding forces on the one hand and short switching times on the other hand are mutually contradictory demands. High holding forces require namely a correspondingly high anchor volume and thus a high anchor mass. These in turn lead to a greater inertia of the armature when it is accelerated by the spring.
  • an electromagnet for use as an actuator comprising a cup-shaped magnet housing with a magnet housing centrally arranged iron core, a coil for generating a magnetic flux in the magnet housing and a relative to the longitudinal axis of the magnet housing tiltable anchor plate.
  • Essential to the function of this solenoid as an actuator is to be the tiltable armature plate, which has the same outer diameter as the pot edge of the magnet housing.
  • the present invention seeks to provide an electromagnetic actuator for actuating an electromagnetic switching element, with which it is possible to realize short switching times at the same time high holding forces.
  • the electromagnetic actuator includes a magnetic yoke including an inner magnetic core portion surrounded by an electric coil and an outer magnetic core portion between which there is a gap surrounding the inner magnetic core portion in which a coil surrounding the inner magnetic core portion is disposed , And an anchor, which is provided in the region of the gap with at least one recess.
  • the magnetic field traversed by the magnetic iron cross section of the armature from the center of the armature to its edge is minimal and there are no saturation properties.
  • the mass of the armature relative to a solid armature in the form of a disc or plate can be reduced with opposite plane-parallel flat sides, so that the armature is accelerated faster with otherwise identical construction of the switching device and in this way shorter switching times compared to the prior art are possible.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that it is possible to reduce the anchor volume in the region of the magnetic-field-free gap, without this leading to a reduction in the magnetic force or holding force exerted between magnet yoke and armature.
  • the at least one recess may be present in the armature in the form of a recess or a through hole or window, which achieved by the introduction of through holes a particularly effective reduction in mass of the armature who can.
  • armature used for the actuator according to the invention, wherein the armature in particular comprises an inner and a surrounding outer anchor region, which are connected to each other via a plurality of webs.
  • the armature is also provided on its rear side remote from the Magnetj och with at least one recess, a further reduction of the armature mass can be achieved.
  • a particularly space-saving and manufacturing technology easy to manufacture embodiment is achieved when the magnetic yoke is designed as a pot core.
  • the electromagnetic actuator according to the invention may be a pure electromagnet or an electromagnet combined with a permanent magnet, in which the magnetic yoke comprises a permanent magnet whose magnetic axis coincides with the magnetic axis of the inner magnetic core region.
  • FIG. 2 shows an alternative embodiment of the magnet system of an electromagnetic actuator according to the invention with a permanent magnet
  • 3 shows a further alternative embodiment of the electromagnetic actuator with a spring integrated in the magnet system
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 shows the armature illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3 in a cross section perpendicular to the axis of movement
  • FIG. 5 is a plan view of an alternative embodiment of an anchor according to the invention.
  • Fig. 6 shows a further alternative embodiment of an armature according to the invention in an axial section
  • Fig. 7 shows the basic structure of a operated by an electromagnetic actuator switching device according to the prior art.
  • the electromagnetic actuator according to the invention comprises a magnetic yoke 40, which in the example is rotationally symmetrical about a first magnetic axis 42 as a pot core.
  • the magnetic yoke 40 comprises an inner cylindrical magnetic core region 46 surrounded by an electrical coil 44, which is surrounded by an outer hollow cylindrical magnetic core region 48 and separated therefrom by an annular circumferential gap 50 into which the coil 44 is inserted.
  • the pole faces 52 and 54 of the inner and outer magnetic core areas 46, 48 are arranged in a common plane 56.
  • the magnet yoke 40 is associated with a movably mounted, flat, approximately disk-shaped armature 60, which is provided in the region of the gap 50 with a plurality of recesses 62, which are designed in the example of this figure as a passage opening or window.
  • the armature 60 is a modification according to the invention of a dashed line shown in the figure circular disk-shaped solid anchor with plane-parallel flat sides. Opposite this circular disk shape of the armature 6 is not only provided with the recess 62 in the region of the gap 50 but also with a peripheral edge 60 of the armature 60 and in the side facing away from Magnetj och 40 back of the armature 60 recess 64 provided. Another rotationally symmetrical recess 66 on the back of the armature 60 is located in the middle. The recesses 64, 66 take into account the course of the magnetic flux in the armature and are accordingly introduced where the flux density is low.
  • the mass of the armature 60 is significantly reduced, without this leading to a holding force affecting change in the flux density between the armature 60 and Magnetj och 40 or saturation phenomena occur.
  • the magnetic holding force exerted by the magnet yoke 40 on the armature 60 is at least approximately the same as the holding force exerted by the same magnetic yoke 40 on a disk-shaped armature with plane-parallel flat sides according to the prior art.
  • a multipart magnet yoke 40 is provided as an alternative to the one-part yoke shown in FIG. 1, in which the inner magnet core region 46 is assigned a permanent magnet 462 on its rear side facing away from pole face 52 whose magnetic axis coincides with the magnetic axis 42 of FIG inner magnetic core region 46 coincides.
  • the holding force is generated exclusively by the action of the permanent magnet 462.
  • the discharge of the armature 6 is effected in that when switching on of the coil 44 and the coil core 464 electromagnet formed an opposing field is generated, which at least approximately reverses the effect of the permanent magnet 462.
  • the spring 16 which generates the linear acceleration of the armature 60 when the electromagnet is switched off as shown in FIG. 1 or in the compensated magnetic field of the permanent magnet according to FIG. 2, is integrated into the magnet yoke 40.
  • the armature 60 is provided with four recesses 62, which are designed as passage openings.
  • the magnetic flux is thereby guided by an inner region 68 of the armature 60 to an annular äuße Ren area 70 via webs 72.
  • the recesses 62 are introduced in the form of through bores.
  • window-shaped recesses 62 it is also possible, according to FIG. 6, to provide such recesses 62, which are present only in the form of recesses and form material recesses.
  • a rotationally symmetrical armature 60 is shown, in which the recess 62 is formed by an annular circumferential groove.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)

Abstract

An electromagnetic actuator for actuating an electric switching element (20) has a magnetic yoke (40), which comprises an inner magnetic core region (46) and an outer magnetic core region (48), between which a gap (50) surrounding the inner magnetic core region (48) is provided, a coil (44) surrounding the inner magnetic core region being disposed in said gap. The magnetic yoke (40) is associated with an armature (60), which in the region of the gap (50) is provided with at least one recess (62).

Description

Beschreibungdescription
Elektromagnetischer AktorElectromagnetic actuator
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen elektromagnetischen Aktor, insbesondere einen elektromagnetischen Aktor für die Betätigung eines Schaltelementes.The invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator, in particular an electromagnetic actuator for the actuation of a switching element.
Zum Betätigen eines Schaltelementes werden bekanntermaßen elektromagnetische Aktoren eingesetzt, die beispielsweise ein Schaltschloss des Schaltelementes auslösen. Die prinzipielle Wirkungsweise eines solchen elektromagnetischen Aktors ist beispielhaft in Fig. 7 dargestellt und wird nachfolgend erläutert: Der elektromagnetische Aktor umfasst ein Magnetsys- tem 2 mit einem in einem Gehäuse fixierten Magnetj och 4 und einem beweglich im Gehäuse gelagerten Anker 6. In einer Ausgangsstellung wird der Anker 6 durch eine auf ihn wirkende Magnetkraft FM (Haltekraft) am Magnetj och 4 gehalten. Der Anker 6 ist auf einem Träger 8 aus einem elektrisch isolieren- den Werkstoff angeordnet und mit einem Führungsstab 10 axial verschiebbar in einer im Gehäuse fixierten Führung 12 gelagert. An seinem vom Anker 6 abgewandten Ende ist der Führungsstab 10 mit einem Flansch 14 versehen, zwischen dessen Schultern und der Führung 12 eine Feder 16, im Beispiel der Figur ein Tellerfederpaket, abstützt. Die Feder 16 ist vorgespannt und übt auf den Anker 6 eine gegen die Magnetkraft FM wirkende Federkraft FF aus, die kleiner ist als die vom Magnetjoch 4 auf den Anker 6 ausgeübte magnetische Haltekraft oder Magnetkraft FM. Der Flansch 14 ist mechanisch mit dem beweglichen Kontakt 18 eines elektrischen Schaltelementes 20 gekoppelt, dessen Stromzuführung über den Flansch 14 und einen feststehenden Flansch 21 erfolgt.To actuate a switching element known electromagnetic actuators are used, for example, trigger a switching mechanism of the switching element. The principle of operation of such an electromagnetic actuator is shown by way of example in FIG. 7 and is explained below: The electromagnetic actuator comprises a magnet system 2 with a magnet yoke 4 fixed in a housing and an armature 6 movably mounted in the housing. In an initial position the armature 6 by a force acting on it magnetic force F M (holding force) held on Magnetj och 4. The armature 6 is arranged on a carrier 8 made of an electrically insulating material and mounted with a guide rod 10 axially displaceable in a guide 12 fixed in the housing. At its end remote from the armature 6 of the guide rod 10 is provided with a flange 14, between the shoulders and the guide 12, a spring 16, in the example of the figure, a cup spring package is supported. The spring 16 is biased and exerts on the armature 6 acting against the magnetic force F M spring force F F , which is smaller than the force exerted by the magnetic yoke 4 on the armature 6 magnetic holding force or magnetic force F M. The flange 14 is mechanically coupled to the movable contact 18 of an electrical switching element 20, the power supply via the flange 14 and a fixed flange 21 takes place.
Beim Magnetj och 4 einer solchen Aktoranordnung kann es sich um einen reinen Gleichstrommagneten oder um eine Kombination aus Gleichstrommagnet und Permanentmagnet handeln. Im ersten Fall wird die Magnetkraft FM durch einen in einer Spule des Gleichstrommagneten fließenden Strom I erzeugt. Im zweiten Fall wird die Magnetkraft FM ausschließlich durch den Permanentmagneten bereitgestellt. Zum Auslösen des Ankers 6 wird dabei entweder der Gleichstrom I abgeschaltet oder durch Ein- schalten eines Gleichstromes I oder eines impulsförmigen Stroms das vom Permanentmagneten erzeugte Magnetfeld durch ein elektromagnetisch erzeugtes Gegenfeld kompensiert. Durch die Wirkung der Feder 16 setzt sich der Anker 6 in Bewegung und betätigt über den Flansch 14 das Schaltelement 20.The magnet yoke 4 of such an actuator arrangement may be a pure DC magnet or a combination of a DC magnet and a permanent magnet. In the first case, the magnetic force F M by one in a coil of the DC magnet flowing current I generated. In the second case, the magnetic force F M is provided exclusively by the permanent magnet. In order to trigger the armature 6, either the direct current I is switched off or, by switching on a direct current I or a pulsed current, the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet is compensated by an electromagnetically generated opposing field. By the action of the spring 16, the armature 6 is set in motion and actuates the switching element 20 via the flange 14.
Bei der Auslegung eines elektromagnetischen Aktors für die Betätigung eines Schaltelementes müssen bei kompakter Bauform eine Vielzahl von Kriterien erfüllt sein. Zum einen müssen Magnetkraft FM und Federkraft FF derart aufeinander abge- stimmt sein, dass der Anker 6 auch bei mechanischer Belastung des Schaltgerätes sicher in der Ausgangsstellung verbleibt und nicht bei Erschütterung auslöst. Zum anderen muss die Federkraft FF groß genug sein, um den Anker so zu beschleunigen, dass dieser in kurzer Zeit einen Weg zurücklegt, der ausreicht, um das Schaltelement 20 sicher zu betätigen. In der Praxis sollen dabei oft Wege im Bereich von einigen Zehntel Millimetern bis etwa 2 mm in sehr kurzen Zeiten (< 1 ms) zurückgelegt werden. Hohe Haltekräfte einerseits und kurze Schaltzeiten andererseits sind jedoch einander widersprechen- de Forderungen. Hohe Haltekräfte erfordern nämlich ein entsprechend hohes Ankervolumen und damit eine hohe Ankermasse. Diese wiederum führen zu einer größeren Trägheit des Ankers, wenn dieser durch die Feder beschleunigt wird.In the design of an electromagnetic actuator for the operation of a switching element a variety of criteria must be met in a compact design. On the one hand, magnetic force F M and spring force F F must be matched to one another in such a way that the armature 6 remains securely in the starting position even under mechanical loading of the switching device and does not trigger upon vibration. On the other hand, the spring force F F must be large enough to accelerate the armature so that in a short time covers a distance sufficient to operate the switching element 20 safely. In practice, paths in the range of a few tenths of a millimeter to about 2 mm are often covered in very short times (<1 ms). However, high holding forces on the one hand and short switching times on the other hand are mutually contradictory demands. High holding forces require namely a correspondingly high anchor volume and thus a high anchor mass. These in turn lead to a greater inertia of the armature when it is accelerated by the spring.
Aus der DE 39 12 042 Al ist ein Elektromagnet zur Verwendung als Aktor bekannt, der ein topfförmiges Magnetgehäuse mit einem im Magnetgehäuse zentral angeordneten Eisenkern, eine Spule zur Erzeugung eine magnetischen Flusses im Magnetgehäuse sowie eine gegenüber der Längsachse des Magnetgehäuses verkippbare Ankerplatte umfasst. Wesentlich zur Funktion dieses Elektromagneten als Aktor soll dabei die verkippbare Ankerplatte sein, die den gleichen Außendurchmesser wie der Topfrand des Magnetgehäuses hat. Ausgehend vom Stand der Technik liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen elektromagnetischen Aktor zum Betätigen eines elektromagnetischen Schaltelementes anzugeben, mit dem es möglich ist, kurze Schaltzeiten bei zugleich hohen Haltekräften zu realisieren.From DE 39 12 042 Al an electromagnet for use as an actuator is known, comprising a cup-shaped magnet housing with a magnet housing centrally arranged iron core, a coil for generating a magnetic flux in the magnet housing and a relative to the longitudinal axis of the magnet housing tiltable anchor plate. Essential to the function of this solenoid as an actuator is to be the tiltable armature plate, which has the same outer diameter as the pot edge of the magnet housing. Based on the prior art, the present invention seeks to provide an electromagnetic actuator for actuating an electromagnetic switching element, with which it is possible to realize short switching times at the same time high holding forces.
Die genannte Aufgabe wird gemäß der Erfindung gelöst mit einem elektromagnetischen Aktor mit den Merkmalen des Patentan- Spruches 1. Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben.The above object is achieved according to the invention with an electromagnetic actuator having the features of patent claim 1. Further developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.
Gemäß den Merkmalen des Patentanspruches enthält der elektromagnetische Aktor ein Magnetjoch, das einen von einer elekt- rischen Spule umgebenen inneren Magnetkernbereich und einen äußeren Magnetkernbereich umfasst, zwischen denen sich ein den inneren Magnetkernbereich umgebender Spalt befindet, in dem eine den inneren Magnetkernbereich umgebende Spule angeordnet ist, sowie einen Anker, der im Bereich des Spaltes mit zumindest einer Ausnehmung versehen ist. Dabei ist der vom Magnetfeld durchflossene Eisenquerschnitt des Ankers vom Zentrum des Ankers bis zu seinem Rand minimal und es treten keine Sättigungseigenschaften auf.According to the features of the claim, the electromagnetic actuator includes a magnetic yoke including an inner magnetic core portion surrounded by an electric coil and an outer magnetic core portion between which there is a gap surrounding the inner magnetic core portion in which a coil surrounding the inner magnetic core portion is disposed , And an anchor, which is provided in the region of the gap with at least one recess. In this case, the magnetic field traversed by the magnetic iron cross section of the armature from the center of the armature to its edge is minimal and there are no saturation properties.
Mit der Erfindung wird erreicht, dass die Masse des Ankers gegenüber einem massiven Anker in Form einer Scheibe bzw. Platte mit einander gegenüberliegenden planparallelen Flachseiten verringert werden kann, so dass der Anker bei ansonsten identischem Aufbau des Schaltgerätes schneller beschleu- nigt wird und auf diese Weise kürzere Schaltzeiten im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik ermöglicht sind. Die Erfindung beruht dabei auf der Überlegung, dass es möglich ist, im Bereich des magnetfeldfreien Spaltes das Ankervolumen zu reduzieren, ohne dass dies zu einer Verringerung der zwischen Magnetj och und Anker ausgeübten Magnet- oder Haltekraft führt. Die zumindest eine Ausnehmung kann im Anker in Form einer Vertiefung oder einer Durchgangsöffnung bzw. Fenster vorliegen, wobei durch das Einbringen von Durchgangsöffnungen eine besonders wirksame Massenverringerung des Ankers erzielt wer den kann.With the invention it is achieved that the mass of the armature relative to a solid armature in the form of a disc or plate can be reduced with opposite plane-parallel flat sides, so that the armature is accelerated faster with otherwise identical construction of the switching device and in this way shorter switching times compared to the prior art are possible. The invention is based on the consideration that it is possible to reduce the anchor volume in the region of the magnetic-field-free gap, without this leading to a reduction in the magnetic force or holding force exerted between magnet yoke and armature. The at least one recess may be present in the armature in the form of a recess or a through hole or window, which achieved by the introduction of through holes a particularly effective reduction in mass of the armature who can.
Vorzugsweise sind bei dem für den erfindungsgemäßen Aktor verwendeten Anker eine Mehrzahl vom Ausnehmungen vorgesehen, wobei der Anker insbesondere einen inneren und einen diesen umgebenden äußeren Ankerbereich umfasst, die über eine Mehrzahl von Stegen miteinander verbunden sind.Preferably, a plurality of recesses are provided in the armature used for the actuator according to the invention, wherein the armature in particular comprises an inner and a surrounding outer anchor region, which are connected to each other via a plurality of webs.
Wenn der Anker außerdem auf seiner vom Magnetj och abgewandten Rückseite mit zumindest einer Aussparung versehen ist, kann eine weitere Reduzierung der Ankermasse erzielt werden.If the armature is also provided on its rear side remote from the Magnetj och with at least one recess, a further reduction of the armature mass can be achieved.
Eine besonders platzsparend und fertigungstechnisch einfach herzustellende Ausführungsform wird erzielt, wenn das Magnetjoch als Topfkern ausgebildet ist.A particularly space-saving and manufacturing technology easy to manufacture embodiment is achieved when the magnetic yoke is designed as a pot core.
Beim erfindungsgemäßen elektromagnetischen Aktor kann es sich um einen reinen Elektromagneten oder um einen mit einem Permanentmagneten kombinierten Elektromagneten handeln, bei dem das Magnetj och einen Permanentmagneten umfasst, dessen magne- tische Achse mit der magnetischen Achse des inneren Magnetkernbereiches zusammenfällt.The electromagnetic actuator according to the invention may be a pure electromagnet or an electromagnet combined with a permanent magnet, in which the magnetic yoke comprises a permanent magnet whose magnetic axis coincides with the magnetic axis of the inner magnetic core region.
Weiteren Einzelheiten und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der Figurenbeschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen anhand der Zeichnung in Verbindung mit den Patentansprüchen.Further details and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the figure description of embodiments with reference to the drawing in conjunction with the claims.
Es zeigen:Show it:
Fig. 1 einen elektromagnetischen Aktor gemäß der Erfindung in einem schematischen Längsschnitt,1 shows an electromagnetic actuator according to the invention in a schematic longitudinal section,
Fig. 2 eine alternative Ausführungsform des Magnetsystems eines elektromagnetischen Aktors gemäß der Erfindung mit einem Permanentmagneten, Fig. 3 eine weitere alternative Ausgestaltung des elektromagnetischen Aktors mit einer im Magnetsystem integrierten Feder,2 shows an alternative embodiment of the magnet system of an electromagnetic actuator according to the invention with a permanent magnet, 3 shows a further alternative embodiment of the electromagnetic actuator with a spring integrated in the magnet system,
Fig. 4 den in den Figuren 1 bis 3 dargestellten Anker in ei- nem Querschnitt senkrecht zur Bewegungsachse,4 shows the armature illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3 in a cross section perpendicular to the axis of movement,
Fig. 5 eine Draufsicht auf eine alternative Ausgestaltung eines Ankers gemäß der Erfindung,5 is a plan view of an alternative embodiment of an anchor according to the invention,
Fig. 6 eine weitere alternative Ausgestaltung eines Ankers gemäß der Erfindung in einem Axialschnitt und Fig. 7 den prinzipiellen Aufbau eines von einem elektromagnetischen Aktor betriebenen Schaltgerätes gemäß dem Stand der Technik.Fig. 6 shows a further alternative embodiment of an armature according to the invention in an axial section and Fig. 7 shows the basic structure of a operated by an electromagnetic actuator switching device according to the prior art.
Figur 7 wurde bereits in der Einleitung zur Erläuterung der Funktionsweise von elektromagnetischen Aktoren beschrieben. In den weiteren Figuren haben gleiche Elemente gleiche Bezugszeichen .Figure 7 has already been described in the introduction to explain the operation of electromagnetic actuators. In the other figures, the same elements have the same reference numerals.
Gemäß Figur 1 umfasst der elektromagnetische Aktor gemäß der Erfindung ein Magnetjoch 40, das im Beispiel rotationssymmetrisch um eine erste magnetische Achse 42 als Topfkern ausgebildet ist. Das Magnetjoch 40 umfasst einen von einer elektrischen Spule 44 umgebenen inneren zylindrischen Magnetkernbereich 46, der von einem äußeren hohlzylindrischen Magnet- kernbereich 48 umgeben ist, und von diesem durch einen ringförmig umlaufenden Spalt 50 getrennt ist, in den die Spule 44 eingesetzt ist. Die Polflächen 52 und 54 des inneren bzw. äußeren Magnetkernbereiches 46, 48 sind in einer gemeinsamen Ebene 56 angeordnet.According to FIG. 1, the electromagnetic actuator according to the invention comprises a magnetic yoke 40, which in the example is rotationally symmetrical about a first magnetic axis 42 as a pot core. The magnetic yoke 40 comprises an inner cylindrical magnetic core region 46 surrounded by an electrical coil 44, which is surrounded by an outer hollow cylindrical magnetic core region 48 and separated therefrom by an annular circumferential gap 50 into which the coil 44 is inserted. The pole faces 52 and 54 of the inner and outer magnetic core areas 46, 48 are arranged in a common plane 56.
Dem Magnetjoch 40 ist ein beweglich gelagerter, flacher, annähernd scheibenförmiger Anker 60 zugeordnet, der im Bereich des Spaltes 50 mit einer Mehrzahl von Ausnehmungen 62 versehen ist, die im Beispiel dieser Figur als Durchgangsöffnung oder Fenster gestaltet sind.The magnet yoke 40 is associated with a movably mounted, flat, approximately disk-shaped armature 60, which is provided in the region of the gap 50 with a plurality of recesses 62, which are designed in the example of this figure as a passage opening or window.
Bei dem Anker 60 handelt es sich um eine erfindungsgemäße Modifikation eines in der Figur gestrichelt dargestellten kreisscheibenförmigen massiven Ankers mit planparallelen Flachseiten. Gegenüber dieser Kreisscheibenform ist der Anker 6 nicht nur mit der Ausnehmung 62 im Bereich des Spaltes 50 sondern zusätzlich mit einer am äußeren Rand des Ankers 60 umlaufenden und in der vom Magnetj och 40 abgewandten Rückseite des Ankers 60 eingebrachten Aussparung 64 versehen. Eine weitere rotationssymmetrische Aussparung 66 auf der Rückseite des Ankers 60 befindet sich in der Mitte. Die Aussparungen 64, 66 berücksichtigen den Verlauf des magnetischen Flusses im Anker und sind dementsprechend dort eingebracht, wo die Flussdichte gering ist.The armature 60 is a modification according to the invention of a dashed line shown in the figure circular disk-shaped solid anchor with plane-parallel flat sides. Opposite this circular disk shape of the armature 6 is not only provided with the recess 62 in the region of the gap 50 but also with a peripheral edge 60 of the armature 60 and in the side facing away from Magnetj och 40 back of the armature 60 recess 64 provided. Another rotationally symmetrical recess 66 on the back of the armature 60 is located in the middle. The recesses 64, 66 take into account the course of the magnetic flux in the armature and are accordingly introduced where the flux density is low.
Durch diese vorstehend beschriebene Gestaltung wird die Masse des Ankers 60 signifikant reduziert, ohne dass dies zu einer die Haltekraft beeinträchtigenden Veränderung des Flussdichteverlaufes zwischen Anker 60 und Magnetj och 40 führt oder Sättigungserscheinungen auftreten. Mit anderen Worten: Die vom Magnetj och 40 auf den Anker 60 ausgeübte magnetische Haltekraft ist zumindest annähernd genauso groß wie die Halte- kraft, die vom selben Magnetjoch 40 auf einen scheibenförmigen Anker mit planparallelen Flachseiten gemäß dem Stand der Technik ausgeübt wird.By this configuration described above, the mass of the armature 60 is significantly reduced, without this leading to a holding force affecting change in the flux density between the armature 60 and Magnetj och 40 or saturation phenomena occur. In other words, the magnetic holding force exerted by the magnet yoke 40 on the armature 60 is at least approximately the same as the holding force exerted by the same magnetic yoke 40 on a disk-shaped armature with plane-parallel flat sides according to the prior art.
Im Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 2 ist alternativ zu dem in Figur 1 dargestellten einteiligen Magnetjoch ein mehrteiliges Magnetj och 40 vorgesehen, bei dem dem inneren Magnetkernbereich 46 auf seiner der Polfläche 52 abgewandten Rückseite ein Permanentmagnet 462 zugeordnet ist, dessen magnetische Achse mit der magnetischen Achse 42 des inneren Magnetkernbe- reiches 46 zusammenfällt. In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel wird die Haltekraft ausschließlich durch die Wirkung des Permanentmagneten 462 erzeugt. Der Abwurf des Ankers 6 erfolgt dadurch, dass beim Einschalten des von Spule 44 und Spulenkern 464 gebildeten Elektromagneten ein Gegenfeld erzeugt wird, das die Wirkung des Permanentmagneten 462 zumindest annähernd aufhebt. Im Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 3 ist die Feder 16, die bei ausgeschaltetem Elektromagneten entsprechend Fig. 1 oder bei kompensiertem Magnetfeld des Permanentmagneten entsprechend Fig. 2 die Linearbeschleunigung des Ankers 60 erzeugt, in das Magnetjoch 40 integriert.In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, a multipart magnet yoke 40 is provided as an alternative to the one-part yoke shown in FIG. 1, in which the inner magnet core region 46 is assigned a permanent magnet 462 on its rear side facing away from pole face 52 whose magnetic axis coincides with the magnetic axis 42 of FIG inner magnetic core region 46 coincides. In this embodiment, the holding force is generated exclusively by the action of the permanent magnet 462. The discharge of the armature 6 is effected in that when switching on of the coil 44 and the coil core 464 electromagnet formed an opposing field is generated, which at least approximately reverses the effect of the permanent magnet 462. In the embodiment according to FIG. 3, the spring 16, which generates the linear acceleration of the armature 60 when the electromagnet is switched off as shown in FIG. 1 or in the compensated magnetic field of the permanent magnet according to FIG. 2, is integrated into the magnet yoke 40.
Der Figur 4 ist zu entnehmen, dass der Anker 60 mit vier Ausnehmungen 62 versehen ist, die als Durchgangsöffnungen ausgestaltet sind. Der magnetische Fluss wird dabei von einem inneren Bereich 68 des Ankers 60 zu einem ringförmigen äuße ren Bereich 70 über Stege 72 geführt.It can be seen from FIG. 4 that the armature 60 is provided with four recesses 62, which are designed as passage openings. The magnetic flux is thereby guided by an inner region 68 of the armature 60 to an annular äuße Ren area 70 via webs 72.
Bei einer alternativen Ausgestaltung des Ankers 60 gemäß Figur 5 sind die Ausnehmungen 62 in Form von Durchgangsbohrun- gen eingebracht.In an alternative embodiment of the armature 60 according to FIG. 5, the recesses 62 are introduced in the form of through bores.
An Stelle fensterförmiger Ausnehmungen 62 ist es auch möglich, gemäß Figur 6 solche Ausnehmungen 62 vorzusehen, die lediglich in Form von Vertiefungen vorliegen und Materialaus- sparungen bilden. Im Beispiel ist ein rotationssymmetrischer Anker 60 dargestellt, bei dem die Ausnehmung 62 durch eine ringförmig umlaufende Rinne gebildet ist. Instead of window-shaped recesses 62, it is also possible, according to FIG. 6, to provide such recesses 62, which are present only in the form of recesses and form material recesses. In the example, a rotationally symmetrical armature 60 is shown, in which the recess 62 is formed by an annular circumferential groove.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Elektromagnetischer Aktor zum Betätigen eines elektrischen Schaltelements (20) mit einem Magnetjoch (40), das einen in- neren Magnetkernbereich (46) und einen äußeren Magnetkernbereich (48) umfasst, zwischen denen sich ein den inneren Magnetkernbereich (48) umgebender Spalt (50) befindet, in dem eine den inneren Magnetkernbereich umgebende Spule (44) angeordnet ist, und mit einem Anker (60), der im Bereich des Spaltes (50) mit zumindest einer Ausnehmung (62) versehen ist, wobei der vom Magnetfeld durchflossene Eisenquerschnitt des Ankers (60) vom Zentrum des Ankers (66) bis zu seinem Rand minimal ist und wobei keine Sättigungserscheinungen auftreten .An electromagnetic actuator for actuating an electrical switching element (20) having a magnetic yoke (40) comprising an inner magnetic core region (46) and an outer magnetic core region (48), between which a gap surrounding the inner magnetic core region (48) 50), in which a coil (44) surrounding the inner magnetic core region is arranged, and with an armature (60) provided with at least one recess (62) in the region of the gap (50), wherein the iron cross-section through which the magnetic field passes of the armature (60) from the center of the armature (66) to its edge is minimal and where no saturation phenomena occur.
2. Elektromagnetischer Aktor nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die zumindest eine Ausnehmung (62) eine Durchgangsöffnung ist.2. Electromagnetic actuator according to claim 1, wherein the at least one recess (62) is a passage opening.
3. Elektromagnetischer Aktor nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei dem eine Mehrzahl von Ausnehmungen (62) vorgesehen sind.3. Electromagnetic actuator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a plurality of recesses (62) are provided.
4. Elektromagnetischer Aktor nach Anspruch 3 in Verbindung mit Anspruch 2, bei dem der Anker (60) einen inneren und einen diesen umgebenden äußeren Ankerbereich (68, 70) umfasst, die über eine Mehrzahl von Stegen (72) miteinander verbunden sind.4. Electromagnetic actuator according to claim 3 in conjunction with claim 2, wherein the armature (60) comprises an inner and a surrounding outer anchor region (68, 70) which are connected to each other via a plurality of webs (72).
5. Elektromagnetischer Aktor nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem der Anker (60) auf seiner vom Magnetj och (40) abgewandten Rückseite mit zumindest einer Aussparung (64,66) versehen ist.5. Electromagnetic actuator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the armature (60) on its from the Magnetj och (40) facing away from back with at least one recess (64,66) is provided.
6. Elektromagnetischer Aktor nach Anspruch 5, bei dem sich die zumindest eine Aussparung (66) in der Mitte des Ankers (60) befindet. 6. Electromagnetic actuator according to claim 5, wherein the at least one recess (66) in the center of the armature (60).
7. Elektromagnetischer Aktor nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, bei dem sich die zumindest eine Aussparung (64) am äußeren Rand des Ankers (60) befindet.7. Electromagnetic actuator according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the at least one recess (64) is located on the outer edge of the armature (60).
8. Elektromagnetischer Aktor nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem das Magnetjoch (40) als Topfkern ausgebildet ist.8. Electromagnetic actuator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the magnetic yoke (40) is designed as a pot core.
9. Elektromagnetischer Aktor nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem das Magnetjoch (40) einen Permanentmagneten (462) umfasst, dessen magnetische Achse mit der magnetischen Achse (42) des inneren Magnetkernbereiches (46) zusammenfällt . The electromagnetic actuator according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the magnetic yoke (40) comprises a permanent magnet (462) whose magnetic axis coincides with the magnetic axis (42) of the inner magnetic core region (46).
EP08786982.2A 2007-08-13 2008-08-07 Electromagnetic actuator Not-in-force EP2179430B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200710038165 DE102007038165B4 (en) 2007-08-13 2007-08-13 Electromagnetic actuator
PCT/EP2008/060383 WO2009021899A1 (en) 2007-08-13 2008-08-07 Electromagnetic actuator

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EP2179430A1 true EP2179430A1 (en) 2010-04-28
EP2179430B1 EP2179430B1 (en) 2017-02-01

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EP08786982.2A Not-in-force EP2179430B1 (en) 2007-08-13 2008-08-07 Electromagnetic actuator

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DE (1) DE102007038165B4 (en)
WO (1) WO2009021899A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010014072A1 (en) * 2010-04-07 2011-10-13 Hydac Fluidtechnik Gmbh actuator
DE102011082114B3 (en) * 2011-09-05 2013-01-31 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Electromagnetic drive
DE102011115614B4 (en) * 2011-09-27 2014-03-06 Thomas Magnete Gmbh proportional solenoid
EP3439013A1 (en) 2017-08-04 2019-02-06 ABB Schweiz AG An armature for electromagnetic actuator, an electromagnetic actuator, a switch device and a method for manufacturing an armature

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3912042A1 (en) * 1988-04-12 1990-01-11 Scholz Joachim Electromagnet
DE19852287C2 (en) * 1998-11-13 2000-11-09 Daimler Chrysler Ag Electromagnetic actuator and use of the actuator
DE19922424C2 (en) * 1999-05-14 2003-04-30 Siemens Ag Electromagnetic actuator
DE102005026415A1 (en) * 2005-06-03 2006-12-07 Siemens Ag Electromagnetic drive device

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Title
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WO2009021899A1 (en) 2009-02-19
DE102007038165B4 (en) 2011-06-09
DE102007038165A1 (en) 2009-02-26
EP2179430B1 (en) 2017-02-01

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