EP1962317B1 - Electromagnetic switching device - Google Patents

Electromagnetic switching device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1962317B1
EP1962317B1 EP07003814A EP07003814A EP1962317B1 EP 1962317 B1 EP1962317 B1 EP 1962317B1 EP 07003814 A EP07003814 A EP 07003814A EP 07003814 A EP07003814 A EP 07003814A EP 1962317 B1 EP1962317 B1 EP 1962317B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
armature
magnet
switching device
force
permanent magnet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
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EP07003814A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1962317A1 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Dr. Feil
Andreas Dr. Krätzschmar
Reinhard Dr. Maier
Bernd Trautmann
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP07003814A priority Critical patent/EP1962317B1/en
Priority to AT07003814T priority patent/ATE434827T1/en
Priority to DE502007000936T priority patent/DE502007000936D1/en
Priority to CN2007101954799A priority patent/CN101252058B/en
Priority to US12/003,141 priority patent/US7733202B2/en
Publication of EP1962317A1 publication Critical patent/EP1962317A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1962317B1 publication Critical patent/EP1962317B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/02—Non-polarised relays
    • H01H51/04—Non-polarised relays with single armature; with single set of ganged armatures
    • H01H51/06—Armature is movable between two limit positions of rest and is moved in one direction due to energisation of an electromagnet and after the electromagnet is de-energised is returned by energy stored during the movement in the first direction, e.g. by using a spring, by using a permanent magnet, by gravity

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electromagnetic switching device with an electromagnet and a movable armature, which is mounted in the switching device with a force acting against the closing force and different in an open position of zero holding force.
  • FIG. 1 contains such a switching device, an electromagnet 1 with a magnetic yoke 2, on the example, two magnetic coils 4 are arranged for magnetic excitation.
  • An armature 6 associated with the magnetic yoke 2 is resiliently mounted in a housing 10 of the switching device which is illustrated only symbolically by a return arrangement constructed from two return springs 8 connected in parallel.
  • Magnetic yoke 2, solenoid 4 and armature 6 form an electromagnetic drive of the switching device.
  • the armature 6 is non-positively connected via a prestressed contact spring 12 with a movable contact bridge 14.
  • the movable contact bridge 14 are associated with two fixed contact carrier 16.
  • the magnet armature 6 forms the actuator of the magnetic drive for the relative movement between the contact bridge 14 and the contact carrier sixteenth
  • the contact bridge 14 and the fixed contact carrier 16 are each provided with contact pieces or contacts 18.
  • the switching contact formed by the movable contact bridge 14 and the fixed contact carrier 16 is in the open position (OPEN position).
  • the return springs 8 are biased so that the armature 6 is pressed in the rest position of the OPEN position with a biasing or holding force F 0 against a stop 22.
  • FIG. 2 now shows a situation in which the contacts 18 touch the first time, the armature 6 has thus covered a distance s 0 .
  • the further closing movement of the armature 6 is now carried out against the force exerted by the return springs 8 increasing spring forces and in addition against the action of the force exerted by the parallel contact spring 12, also increasing spring force. Since the spring force exerted by the preloaded contact spring 12 is significantly greater than the spring force exerted by the return spring 8, the total restoring force acting on the armature 6 increases abruptly.
  • the associated force curve is in FIG. 4 applied.
  • the force exerted on the armature 6 by the return springs 8 and the contact spring 12 restoring force F against the distance d between the pole faces 60, 20 of the armature 6 and the magnetic yoke 2 is applied.
  • the curve shows that the return springs 8 (FIG. FIG. 1 ) in the OPEN position the Holding force F 0 exercise. If current flows through the magnetic coils 4, the armature 6 moves under the action of the force exerted by the electromagnet 1 attraction and against the action of the return springs 8 toward the pole faces 20 of the magnetic yoke 2.
  • the holding force F 0 exerted on the magnet armature 6 in the OPEN position secures the switching device in this position against accidental closing in the case of external mechanical vibration or impact load. Accordingly, during the entire distance traveled between d 0 and d S , the magnet armature 6 must always overcome the restoring force F exerted by the return springs 8, starting from a finite value required for mechanical securing of the magnet armature 6 in the OPEN position (holding force F 0 ) increases successively. In order nevertheless to achieve short switching times (high closing forces), it is therefore necessary to design and dimension the magnet system 2, 4, 6 such that the magnetic force acting on the magnet armature 6 is significantly higher than the restoring force exerted by the return springs 8. A disadvantage is the constant increase in the restoring forces over the entire working range (magnetic lifting). This results in relatively large, unneeded forces that must be overcome by a correspondingly powerful designed magnetic drive.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide an electromagnetic switching device with a magnetic armature, wherein the armature in an OPEN position with the electromagnet switched off by high holding forces on the one hand is securely fixed and on the other hand, the necessary for accelerating the magnet armature magnetic force is significantly reduced.
  • the electromagnetic switching device includes an electromagnet and a movable armature which acts in the switching device with a force acting against the closing force and in an OPEN position of zero a different holding force is mounted, which is formed at least in part by a stationary in the switching device outside of the magnetic and magnet armature formed magnetic circuit arranged magnetic arrangement with a permanent magnet which exerts on the armature a dependent of the location of the armature restoring force, which in the OPEN- Position is maximum.
  • the return spring can be designed with a smaller spring constant such that it has only a small holding force in the OPEN position.
  • OPEN position generally refers to an operating situation of the switching device in which the electromagnet is de-energized and does not exert any magnetic force on the magnet armature.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that the restoring force exerted on a movable magnet armature by a stationary permanent magnet in the switching device decreases with increasing distance between magnet armature and permanent magnet, so that on the one hand high holding forces are achieved in the OPEN position, and on the other hand with increasing distance of the magnet armature from the permanent magnet remove the restoring forces inhibiting its movement, so that high accelerations of the armature can be achieved even with smaller forces exerted by the magnetic drive forces.
  • An electromagnetic switching device in which the holding force exerted on the magnet armature in the OPEN position is supported by a permanent magnet is basically already known from DE 196 08 729 C1 known.
  • There two plate-shaped permanent magnets between an inner and outer yoke of an electromagnet are arranged. In the OPEN position, the magnet armature abuts with its armature plate on the outer yoke.
  • Anchor plate, outer yoke, permanent magnet inner yoke and plunger core of the armature form in this way a closed magnetic circuit. Since the permanent magnet is disposed between the outer and inner yoke of the electromagnet, the known switching device can only be operated with direct current or with pulsed direct current. In addition, under certain circumstances, a current control is necessary, which limits the electrical holding power.
  • the magnetic circuit must have a two-part yoke.
  • the magnet assembly is disposed outside the magnetic circuit formed of electromagnet and armature, that does not affect this, the electromagnet can be energized both with direct current and with alternating current. By increasing the inductance in the closed state also results in a reduced alternating current automatically.
  • An electromagnetic switching device in which the magnet armature is held by a permanent magnet in rest position, is out of GB 765 256 A known.
  • the return assembly is in the example by return springs 8, of which in the FIG only one is shown (holding force F 10 ), as well as by at least one permanent magnet 32 containing magnet assembly formed on the armature 6 a magnetic force (holding force F 20 ) exerts.
  • the permanent magnet 32 is arranged in the direction of movement 33 of the closing movement of the armature 6 seen before this and its pole axis 34 extends parallel to the direction of movement 33.
  • the magnet arrangement with the permanent magnet 32 is arranged outside a magnetic circuit 38 formed by the electromagnet 1 and the magnet armature 6 and shown dashed in the FIG so that it does not influence it.
  • the resulting at d H holding force F 0 composed of the holding force F 10 of the return spring and the holding force F 20 of the permanent magnet in the OPEN position.
  • Curve a shows the course of the restoring force F 1 exerted by the return spring (s ) , which is analogous to that in FIG FIG. 4 shown force profile with decreasing distance d increases linearly.
  • Curve b illustrates the course of the restoring force F 2 exerted on the magnet armature by the permanent magnet as a function of the distance d of the magnet armature from the magnet yoke of the electromagnet.
  • the permanent magnet 32 may still be provided with an additional baffle 40 on its pole face facing away from the magnet armature 6. This reduces the air path of the field lines and the holding force of the permanent magnet is amplified.
  • FIG. 6 Alternatively to the in FIG. 5,6 and 8th illustrated embodiment according to the Polachse 34 of the permanent magnet in the direction of the force exerted by him parallel to the direction of movement 33 of the closing movement of the armature 6 - when the back of the armature 34 is flat, perpendicular to this back - directed, can also according to FIG. 6 a magnet arrangement may be provided, in which the pole axis 34 of the permanent magnet 32 is oriented perpendicular to this direction of movement 33 magnet armature 6.
  • lateral guide plates 42 may be arranged. With the help of the dimensions of the baffles 42 also useful and leakage fluxes can be controlled.
  • FIG. 9 In addition, a situation is shown in which the magnet armature 6 rests in the open position on the baffles.
  • return springs 8 compression springs are shown in the embodiments. In principle, it is also possible to use for the return springs 8 in another arrangement in the switching device tension springs.

Abstract

The electromagnetic switchgear has an electromagnet (1) and a movable magnetic armature (6), which is supported in the switchgear with holding force acting against the closing force. The armature forms a magnet arrangement with a permanent magnet (32) that is arranged outside the magnetic circuit (38).The restoring force acting on the armature is maximal in the open position.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein elektromagnetisches Schaltgerät mit einem Elektromagneten und einem beweglichen Magnetanker, der im Schaltgerät mit einer gegen die Schließkraft wirkenden und in einer Offenstellung von Null verschiedenen Haltekraft gelagert ist.The invention relates to an electromagnetic switching device with an electromagnet and a movable armature, which is mounted in the switching device with a force acting against the closing force and different in an open position of zero holding force.

Die prinzipielle Funktionsweise eines derartigen elektromagnetischen Schaltgerätes ist anhand der FIG 1 bis 3 am Beispiel eines Schützes erläutert. Gemäß FIG 1 enthält ein solches Schaltgerät einen Elektromagneten 1 mit einem Magnetjoch 2, auf dem beispielsweise zwei Magnetspulen 4 zur magnetischen Erregung angeordnet sind. Ein dem Magnetjoch 2 zugeordneter Magnetanker 6 ist durch eine aus zwei parallelgeschalteten Rückstellfedern 8 aufgebaute Rückstellanordnung federnd in einem nur symbolisch veranschaulichten Gehäuse 10 des Schaltgerätes gelagert. Magnetjoch 2, Magnetspule 4 und Magnetanker 6 bilden einen elektromagnetischen Antrieb des Schaltgerätes. Der Magnetanker 6 ist kraftschlüssig über eine vorgespannte Kontaktfeder 12 mit einer beweglichen Kontaktbrücke 14 verbunden. Der beweglichen Kontaktbrücke 14 sind zwei feststehende Kontaktträger 16 zugeordnet. Der Magnetanker 6 bildet den Aktuator des magnetischen Antriebs für die Relativbewegung zwischen der Kontaktbrücke 14 und dem Kontaktträger 16.The basic operation of such an electromagnetic switching device is based on the 1 to 3 explained using the example of a contactor. According to FIG. 1 contains such a switching device, an electromagnet 1 with a magnetic yoke 2, on the example, two magnetic coils 4 are arranged for magnetic excitation. An armature 6 associated with the magnetic yoke 2 is resiliently mounted in a housing 10 of the switching device which is illustrated only symbolically by a return arrangement constructed from two return springs 8 connected in parallel. Magnetic yoke 2, solenoid 4 and armature 6 form an electromagnetic drive of the switching device. The armature 6 is non-positively connected via a prestressed contact spring 12 with a movable contact bridge 14. The movable contact bridge 14 are associated with two fixed contact carrier 16. The magnet armature 6 forms the actuator of the magnetic drive for the relative movement between the contact bridge 14 and the contact carrier sixteenth

Die Kontaktbrücke 14 und der feststehende Kontaktträger 16 sind jeweils mit Kontaktstücken oder Kontakten 18 versehen. Der durch die bewegliche Kontaktbrücke 14 und den feststehenden Kontaktträger 16 gebildete Schaltkontakt befindet sich in geöffneter Stellung (OFFEN-Stellung). In diesem ausgeschalteten Zustand befinden sich die Kontakte 18 in einem Abstand s0 und die Polflächen 20 und 60 des Magnetjochs 2 bzw. des Magnetankers 6 befinden sich in einem Abstand d = H. Die Rückstellfedern 8 sind vorgespannt, so dass der Magnetanker 6 in der Ruhelage der OFFEN-Stellung mit einer Vorspann- oder Haltekraft F0 gegen einen Anschlag 22 gedrückt wird.The contact bridge 14 and the fixed contact carrier 16 are each provided with contact pieces or contacts 18. The switching contact formed by the movable contact bridge 14 and the fixed contact carrier 16 is in the open position (OPEN position). In this switched-off state, the contacts 18 are at a distance s 0 and the pole faces 20 and 60 of the magnet yoke 2 and the magnet armature 6 are located at a distance d = H. The return springs 8 are biased so that the armature 6 is pressed in the rest position of the OPEN position with a biasing or holding force F 0 against a stop 22.

Beim Einschalten der Magnetspulen 4 setzt sich der Magnetanker 6 gegen die Wirkung der von den Rückstellfedern 8 ausgeübten Haltekraft F = F0 in Richtung zum Magnetjoch 2 in Bewegung, wie dies in der FIG durch die Pfeile veranschaulicht ist.When switching on the magnetic coils 4, the armature 6 is against the action of the force exerted by the return springs 8 holding force F = F 0 in the direction of the magnetic yoke 2 in motion, as shown in the figure by the arrows.

FIG 2 zeigt nun eine Situation, in der sich die Kontakte 18 erstmals berühren, der Magnetanker 6 somit eine Wegstrecke s0 zurückgelegt hat. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt befinden sich die Polflächen 20, 60 in einem Abstand d = dS = H-s0. Die weitere Schließbewegung des Magnetankers 6 erfolgt nun weiter gegen die von den Rückstellfedern 8 ausgeübten zunehmenden Federkräfte und zusätzlich gegen die Wirkung der von der dazu parallel geschalteten Kontaktfeder 12 ausgeübten, ebenfalls zunehmende Federkraft. Da die von der vorgespannten Kontaktfeder 12 ausgeübte Federkraft deutlich größer ist als die von der Rückstellfeder 8 ausgeübte Federkraft, steigt die auf den Magnetanker 6 wirkende gesamte Rückstellkraft sprunghaft an. FIG. 2 now shows a situation in which the contacts 18 touch the first time, the armature 6 has thus covered a distance s 0 . At this time, the pole faces 20, 60 are at a distance d = d S = Hs 0 . The further closing movement of the armature 6 is now carried out against the force exerted by the return springs 8 increasing spring forces and in addition against the action of the force exerted by the parallel contact spring 12, also increasing spring force. Since the spring force exerted by the preloaded contact spring 12 is significantly greater than the spring force exerted by the return spring 8, the total restoring force acting on the armature 6 increases abruptly.

Im weiteren Verlauf wird die auf den Magnetanker 6 wirkende Magnetkraft größer als die von der Rückstellfeder 8 und der Kontaktfeder 12 ausgeübte Rückstellkraft, und der Magnetanker 6 kann sich weiter in Richtung zum Magnetjoch 2 bewegen, bis er schließlich, wie dies in FIG 3 dargestellt ist, in einer End- oder Ruheposition mit seinen Polflächen 60 auf den Polflächen 20 des Magnetjochs 2 aufliegt (d = 0).In the course of the force acting on the armature 6 magnetic force is greater than the force exerted by the return spring 8 and the contact spring 12 restoring force, and the armature 6 can continue to move in the direction of the magnetic yoke 2 until finally, as in FIG. 3 is shown, rests in an end or rest position with its pole faces 60 on the pole faces 20 of the magnetic yoke 2 (d = 0).

Der zugehörige Kraftverlauf ist in FIG 4 aufgetragen. Dort ist die auf den Magnetanker 6 von den Rückstellfedern 8 und der Kontaktfeder 12 ausgeübte Rückstellkraft F gegen den Abstand d zwischen den Polflächen 60, 20 des Magnetankers 6 und des Magnetjochs 2 aufgetragen. Der Kurve ist zu entnehmen, dass die Rückstellfedern 8 (FIG 1) in der OFFEN-Stellung die Haltekraft F0 ausüben. Fließt Strom durch die Magnetspulen 4 bewegt sich der Magnetanker 6 unter der Wirkung der vom Elektromagneten 1 ausgeübten Anziehungskraft und gegen die Wirkung der Rückstellfedern 8 in Richtung zu den Polflächen 20 des Magnetjochs 2. Bei dieser Bewegung nimmt mit zunehmender Längenkontraktion der Rückstellfedern 8 die auf den Magnetanker 6 ausgeübte, entgegengesetzt gerichtete Rückstellkraft F entsprechend der Summe der Federkonstanten der Rückstellfedern 8 linear zu. Im Abstand d = dS berühren sich die Kontakte 18 und die auf den Magnetanker 6 wirkende Rückstellkraft F steigt durch das Zuschalten der vorgespannten Kontaktfeder 12 sprunghaft an.The associated force curve is in FIG. 4 applied. There, the force exerted on the armature 6 by the return springs 8 and the contact spring 12 restoring force F against the distance d between the pole faces 60, 20 of the armature 6 and the magnetic yoke 2 is applied. The curve shows that the return springs 8 (FIG. FIG. 1 ) in the OPEN position the Holding force F 0 exercise. If current flows through the magnetic coils 4, the armature 6 moves under the action of the force exerted by the electromagnet 1 attraction and against the action of the return springs 8 toward the pole faces 20 of the magnetic yoke 2. In this movement decreases with increasing length contraction of the return springs 8 on the Magnet armature 6 exerted, oppositely directed restoring force F corresponding to the sum of the spring constant of the return springs 8 to linear. At a distance d = d S , the contacts 18 and the force acting on the armature 6 restoring force F increases by the connection of the biased contact spring 12 abruptly.

Die in der OFFEN-Stellung auf den Magnetanker 6 ausgeübte Haltekraft F0 sichert das Schaltgerät in dieser Stellung gegen ein ungewolltes Schließen bei äußerer mechanischer Schwingung oder Stoßbelastung. Während des gesamten zwischen d0 und dS zurückgelegten Weges muss demzufolge der Magnetanker 6 stets die von den Rückstellfedern 8 ausgeübte Rückstellkraft F überwinden, die beginnend von einem endlichen und zur mechanischen Sicherung des Magnetankers 6 in der OFFEN-Stellung erforderlichen Wert (Haltekraft F0) sukzessive zunimmt. Um dennoch kurze Schaltzeiten (hohe Schließkräfte) zu erzielen, ist es deshalb erforderlich, das Magnetsystem 2,4,6 so auszulegen und zu dimensionieren, dass die auf den Magnetanker 6 wirkende Magnetkraft deutlich höher als die von den Rückstellfedern 8 ausgeübte Rückstellkraft ist. Nachteilig ist die stete Zunahme der Rückstellkräfte über den gesamten Arbeitsbereich (Magnethub). Hierdurch entstehen relativ große, nicht benötigte Kräfte, die durch einen entsprechend kräftiger ausgelegten Magnetantrieb überwunden werden müssen.The holding force F 0 exerted on the magnet armature 6 in the OPEN position secures the switching device in this position against accidental closing in the case of external mechanical vibration or impact load. Accordingly, during the entire distance traveled between d 0 and d S , the magnet armature 6 must always overcome the restoring force F exerted by the return springs 8, starting from a finite value required for mechanical securing of the magnet armature 6 in the OPEN position (holding force F 0 ) increases successively. In order nevertheless to achieve short switching times (high closing forces), it is therefore necessary to design and dimension the magnet system 2, 4, 6 such that the magnetic force acting on the magnet armature 6 is significantly higher than the restoring force exerted by the return springs 8. A disadvantage is the constant increase in the restoring forces over the entire working range (magnetic lifting). This results in relatively large, unneeded forces that must be overcome by a correspondingly powerful designed magnetic drive.

Der Erfindung liegt deshalb die Aufgabe zu Grunde, ein elektromagnetisches Schaltgerät mit einem Magnetanker anzugeben, bei dem der Magnetanker in einer OFFEN-Stellung bei abgeschaltetem Elektromagneten durch hohe Haltekräfte einerseits sicher fixiert ist und bei dem andererseits die zur Beschleunigung des Magnetankers notwendige Magnetkraft deutlich verringert ist.The invention is therefore based on the object to provide an electromagnetic switching device with a magnetic armature, wherein the armature in an OPEN position with the electromagnet switched off by high holding forces on the one hand is securely fixed and on the other hand, the necessary for accelerating the magnet armature magnetic force is significantly reduced.

Die genannte Aufgabe wird gemäß der Erfindung gelöst mit einem elektromagnetischen Schaltgerät mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 1. Gemäß diesen Merkmalen enthält das elektromagnetische Schaltgerät einen Elektromagneten und einen beweglichen Magnetanker, der im Schaltgerät mit einer gegen die Schließkraft wirkenden und in einer OFFEN-Stellung von Null verschiedenen Haltekraft gelagert ist, die zumindest zu einem Teil von einer ortsfest im Schaltgerät außerhalb des aus Elektromagnet und Magnetanker gebildeten magnetischen Kreises angeordneten Magnetanordnung mit einem Permanentmagneten gebildet wird, der auf den Magnetanker eine vom Ort des Magnetankers abhängige Rückstellkraft ausübt, die in der OFFEN-Stellung maximal ist.The above object is achieved according to the invention with an electromagnetic switching device having the features of claim 1. According to these features, the electromagnetic switching device includes an electromagnet and a movable armature which acts in the switching device with a force acting against the closing force and in an OPEN position of zero a different holding force is mounted, which is formed at least in part by a stationary in the switching device outside of the magnetic and magnet armature formed magnetic circuit arranged magnetic arrangement with a permanent magnet which exerts on the armature a dependent of the location of the armature restoring force, which in the OPEN- Position is maximum.

Durch diese Maßnahme kann die Rückstellfeder mit einer kleineren Federkonstante derart ausgelegt sein, dass sie in der OFFEN-Stellung nur eine kleine Haltekraft aufweist. Unter dem Begriff "OFFEN-Stellung" ist im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung allgemein eine Betriebssituation des Schaltgerätes zu verstehen, bei der der Elektromagnet unbestromt ist und auf den Magnetanker keine magnetische Kraft ausübt.By this measure, the return spring can be designed with a smaller spring constant such that it has only a small holding force in the OPEN position. For the purposes of the present invention, the term "OPEN position" generally refers to an operating situation of the switching device in which the electromagnet is de-energized and does not exert any magnetic force on the magnet armature.

Die Erfindung beruht dabei auf der Überlegung, dass die auf einen beweglichen Magnetanker von einem ortsfest im Schaltgerät angeordneten Permanentmagneten ausgeübte Rückstellkraft mit wachsender Entfernung zwischen Magnetanker und Permanentmagnet abnimmt, so dass einerseits hohe Haltekräfte in der OFFEN-Stellung erzielt werden, und andererseits mit zunehmender Entfernung des Magnetankers vom Permanentmagneten die seine Bewegung hemmenden Rückstellkräfte abnehmen, so dass auch bei kleineren vom Magnetantrieb ausgeübten Kräften hohe Beschleunigungen des Magnetankers erzielt werden.The invention is based on the consideration that the restoring force exerted on a movable magnet armature by a stationary permanent magnet in the switching device decreases with increasing distance between magnet armature and permanent magnet, so that on the one hand high holding forces are achieved in the OPEN position, and on the other hand with increasing distance of the magnet armature from the permanent magnet remove the restoring forces inhibiting its movement, so that high accelerations of the armature can be achieved even with smaller forces exerted by the magnetic drive forces.

Ein elektromagnetisches Schaltgerät, bei dem die auf den Magnetanker in der OFFEN-Stellung ausgeübte Haltekraft durch einen Permanentmagneten unterstützt wird, ist grundsätzlich bereits aus der DE 196 08 729 C1 bekannt. Dort sind zwei plattenförmige Permanentmagnete zwischen einem inneren und äußeren Joch eines Elektromagneten angeordnet. In der OFFEN-Stellung liegt der Magnetanker mit seiner Ankerplatte am äußeren Joch an. Ankerplatte, äußeres Joch, Permanentmagnet inneres Joch und Tauchkern des Magnetankers bilden auf diese Weise einen geschlossenen Magnetkreis. Da der Permanentmagnet zwischen dem äußeren und inneren Joch des Elektromagneten angeordnet ist, kann das bekannte Schaltgerät nur mit Gleichstrom oder mit gepulstem Gleichstrom betrieben werden. Außerdem ist unter Umständen eine Stromregelung nötig, die die elektrische Halteleistung begrenzt. Zudem muss der Magnetkreis über ein zweigeteiltes Joch verfügen.An electromagnetic switching device in which the holding force exerted on the magnet armature in the OPEN position is supported by a permanent magnet is basically already known from DE 196 08 729 C1 known. There two plate-shaped permanent magnets between an inner and outer yoke of an electromagnet are arranged. In the OPEN position, the magnet armature abuts with its armature plate on the outer yoke. Anchor plate, outer yoke, permanent magnet inner yoke and plunger core of the armature form in this way a closed magnetic circuit. Since the permanent magnet is disposed between the outer and inner yoke of the electromagnet, the known switching device can only be operated with direct current or with pulsed direct current. In addition, under certain circumstances, a current control is necessary, which limits the electrical holding power. In addition, the magnetic circuit must have a two-part yoke.

Da im Gegensatz zu dem bekannten Schaltgerät bei dem Schaltgerät gemäß der Erfindung die Magnetanordnung außerhalb des aus Elektromagnet und Magnetanker gebildeten magnetischen Kreises angeordnet ist, d.h. diesen nicht beeinflusst, kann der Elektromagnet sowohl mit Gleichstrom als auch mit Wechselstrom erregt werden. Durch die Erhöhung der Induktivität im geschlossenen Zustand ergibt sich außerdem automatisch ein reduzierter Wechselstrom. Ein elektromagnetisches Schaltgerät, bei dem der Magnetanker durch einen Permanentmagneten in Ruhelage gehalten wird, ist aus der GB 765 256 A bekannt.Since, in contrast to the known switching device in the switching device according to the invention, the magnet assembly is disposed outside the magnetic circuit formed of electromagnet and armature, that does not affect this, the electromagnet can be energized both with direct current and with alternating current. By increasing the inductance in the closed state also results in a reduced alternating current automatically. An electromagnetic switching device, in which the magnet armature is held by a permanent magnet in rest position, is out of GB 765 256 A known.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

Zur weiteren Erläuterung der Erfindung wird auf die Zeichnung verwiesen. Es zeigen:

FIG 1-3
jeweils ein elektromagnetisches Schaltgerät gemäß dem Stand der Technik in einer Prinzipdarstellung zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten des Einschaltvorganges,
FIG 4
ein Diagramm, in dem die auf den Magnetanker des in FIG 1-3 dargestellten Schaltgerätes von den Rückstellfedern und der Kontaktfeder ausgeübte Rückstellkraft in Abhängigkeit vom Abstand der Polflächen aufgetragen ist,
FIG 5,6
jeweils in einem Prinzipbild die Funktionsweise eines in einem erfindungsgemäßen Schaltgerät ortsfest an der Rückseite eines beweglich im Schaltgerät gelagerten Magnetankers angeordneten Permanentmagneten,
FIG 7
ein Diagramm, in dem die auf den Magnetanker wirkende Rückstellkraft gegen den Abstand von den Polflächen bei dem in FIG 5 und 6 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel aufgetragen ist,
FIG 8,9
weitere Ausführungsbeispiele einer Permanentmagnetanordnung gemäß der Erfindung ebenfalls jeweils in einer schematischen Prinzipdarstellung.
For further explanation of the invention reference is made to the drawing. Show it:
FIGS. 1-3
in each case an electromagnetic switching device according to the prior art in a schematic diagram at different times of the switch-on process,
FIG. 4
a diagram in which the on the armature of the in FIGS. 1-3 shown switching device is applied by the return springs and the contact spring restoring force as a function of the distance of the pole faces,
FIG. 5,6
in each case in a schematic diagram, the mode of operation of a permanent magnet arranged in a switching device according to the invention in a stationary manner on the rear side of a magnet armature movably mounted in the switching device,
FIG. 7
a diagram in which the force acting on the armature restoring force against the distance from the pole faces at the in FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrated embodiment is applied,
8,9
Further embodiments of a permanent magnet arrangement according to the invention also in each case in a schematic schematic diagram.

Gemäß FIG 5 liegt der beweglich in einem Schaltgerät gelagerte, aus einem weichmagnetischen Werkstoff bestehende Magnetanker 6 in der OFFEN-Stellung (d=H) an einem symbolisch veranschaulichten Anschlag 30 an, gegen den er durch die Wirkung einer Rückstellanordnung gedrückt bzw. gezogen wird. Die Rückstellanordnung ist im Beispiel durch Rückstellfedern 8, von denen in der FIG nur eine dargestellt ist (Haltekraft F10), sowie durch eine zumindest einen Permanentmagneten 32 enthaltende Magnetanordnung gebildet, der auf den Magnetanker 6 eine Magnetkraft (Haltekraft F20) ausübt. Der Permanentmagnet 32 ist in Bewegungsrichtung 33 der Schließbewegung des Magnetankers 6 gesehen vor diesem angeordnet und seine Polachse 34 verläuft parallel zur Bewegungsrichtung 33. Zwischen einer dem Magnetanker 6 zugewandten Polfläche 36 des Permanentmagneten 32 und der - bezogen auf die Bewegungsrichtung 33 der Schließbewegung - Rückseite des Magnetankers 6 ist ein Luftspalt a0 vorgesehen, mit dem die vom Permanentmagneten 32 ausgeübte Halte- und Rückstellkraft (F20 bzw. F2) eingestellt werden kann.According to FIG. 5 is the magnetically mounted in a switching device, consisting of a soft magnetic material magnet armature 6 in the OPEN position (d = H) to a symbolically illustrated stop 30, against which it is pressed or pulled by the action of a return assembly. The return assembly is in the example by return springs 8, of which in the FIG only one is shown (holding force F 10 ), as well as by at least one permanent magnet 32 containing magnet assembly formed on the armature 6 a magnetic force (holding force F 20 ) exerts. The permanent magnet 32 is arranged in the direction of movement 33 of the closing movement of the armature 6 seen before this and its pole axis 34 extends parallel to the direction of movement 33. Between a magnet armature 6 facing pole surface 36 of the permanent magnet 32 and - based on the direction of movement 33 of the closing movement - back of Magnetic armature 6 is an air gap a 0 provided with which of the permanent magnet 32 applied holding and restoring force (F 20 or F 2 ) can be adjusted.

Die Magnetanordnung mit dem Permanentmagneten 32 ist außerhalb eines durch Elektromagnet 1 und Magnetanker 6 gebildeten und in der FIG gestrichelt eingezeichnet magnetischen Kreises 38 angeordnet, so dass er diesen nicht beeinflusst.The magnet arrangement with the permanent magnet 32 is arranged outside a magnetic circuit 38 formed by the electromagnet 1 and the magnet armature 6 and shown dashed in the FIG so that it does not influence it.

Unter dem Einfluss einer von dem in der Figur nur symbolisch veranschaulichten Elektromagneten 1 ausgeübten Magnet- oder Schließkraft bewegt sich nun der Magnetanker 6 gegen die Wirkung der Rückstellfedern 8 ausgeübten Rückstellkraft F1 und gegen die Wirkung der vom Permanentmagneten 32 ausgeübten Rückstellkraft F2 auf die Polflächen des Elektromagneten 1 zu, wie dies in FIG 6 veranschaulicht ist. Durch die Zunahme des Abstandes a=a0+H-d zwischen der Polfläche 36 des Permanentmagneten 32 und der Rückseite des Magnetankers 6 nimmt die vom Permanentmagneten 32 auf diesen ausgeübte Rückstellkraft F2 sukzessive ab, so dass trotz großer von ihm ausgeübter Haltekraft F20 in der OFFEN-Stellung gemäß FIG 5 der Bewegungsablauf beim Schließvorgang immer weniger vom Permanentmagneten 32 behindert wird.Under the influence of a magnetic or closing force exerted by the electromagnet 1, which is only symbolically illustrated in the figure, the magnet armature 6 moves against the restoring force F 1 exerted against the action of the return springs 8 and against the effect of the restoring force F 2 exerted by the permanent magnet 32 on the pole faces of the electromagnet 1 too, as shown in FIG FIG. 6 is illustrated. Due to the increase in the distance a = a 0 + Hd between the pole face 36 of the permanent magnet 32 and the back of the magnet armature 6, the restoring force F 2 exerted thereon by the permanent magnet 32 decreases successively, so that in spite of the large holding force F 20 exerted by it OPEN position according to FIG. 5 the movement during the closing process is less and less impeded by the permanent magnet 32.

Der sich auf diese Weise einstellende Verlauf der Rückstellkräfte F1, F2 und F = F1 + F2 bis zum Berühren der Kontakte und dem Ansprechen der Kontaktfeder ist in FIG 7 dargestellt. Der FIG 7 ist zu entnehmen, dass sich die bei d = H ergebende Haltekraft F0 aus der Haltekraft F10 der Rückstellfeder und der Haltekraft F20 des Permanentmagneten in der OFFEN-Stellung zusammensetzt. Kurve a zeigt den Verlauf der von der oder den Rückstellfedern ausgeübten Rückstellkraft F1, die analog zum in FIG 4 dargestellten Kraftverlauf mit abnehmenden Abstand d linear zunimmt. Kurve b veranschaulicht den Verlauf der vom Permanentmagneten auf den Magnetanker ausgeübten Rückstellkraft F2 in Abhängigkeit vom Abstand d des Magnetankers vom Magnetjoch des Elektromagneten. Der FIG ist zu entnehmen, dass die vom Permanentmagneten ausgeübte Rückstellkraft F2 in der OFFEN-Stellung (F2 = F20) maximal ist und mit abnehmendem Abstand d, d.h. mit zunehmendem Abstand zwischen Magnetanker und Permanentmagnet stetig nichtlinear abnimmt.The adjusting in this way course of the restoring forces F 1 , F 2 and F = F 1 + F 2 to touch the contacts and the response of the contact spring is in FIG. 7 shown. Of the FIG. 7 It can be seen that the resulting at d = H holding force F 0 composed of the holding force F 10 of the return spring and the holding force F 20 of the permanent magnet in the OPEN position. Curve a shows the course of the restoring force F 1 exerted by the return spring (s ) , which is analogous to that in FIG FIG. 4 shown force profile with decreasing distance d increases linearly. Curve b illustrates the course of the restoring force F 2 exerted on the magnet armature by the permanent magnet as a function of the distance d of the magnet armature from the magnet yoke of the electromagnet. The FIG shows that the force exerted by the permanent magnet restoring force F 2 in the OPEN position (F 2 = F 20 ) is maximum and decreases steadily nonlinearly with decreasing distance d, ie with increasing distance between the armature and the permanent magnet.

Die Summe F der vom Permanentmagneten und von den Rückstellfedern ausgeübten Rückstellkräfte F1, F2 ist in Kurve c wiedergegeben. Der FIG kann entnommen werden, dass in diesem Beispiel die von Permanentmagnet und Rückstellfedern ausgeübte Summenkraft F = F1 + F2 nahezu unabhängig vom Abstand ist wobei durch entsprechende Auslegung je nach Bedarf auch ein anderer Kraftverlauf erzielt werden kann. Im Vergleich hierzu ist in Kurve d gestrichelt eine Situation aufgetragen, wie sie sich im Stand der Technik ergibt, wenn die Rückstellkraft nur durch vorgespannte Rückstellfedern erzeugt wird, die in der OFFEN-Stellung dieselbe Haltekraft F0 ausüben.The sum F of the restoring forces F 1 , F 2 exerted by the permanent magnet and the return springs is shown in curve c. The FIG can be seen that in this example, the force exerted by the permanent magnet and return springs total force F = F 1 + F 2 is almost independent of the distance and by appropriate interpretation as needed, a different force curve can be achieved. In comparison, a situation is plotted in curve d, as it results in the prior art, when the restoring force is generated only by prestressed return springs that exert the same holding force F 0 in the OPEN position.

Bei der Magnetanordnung gemäß FIG 8 kann der Permanentmagnet 32 auf seiner vom Magnetanker 6 abgewandten Polfläche noch mit einem zusätzlichen Leitblech 40 versehen sein. Hierdurch verringert sich der Luftweg der Feldlinien und die Haltekraft des Permanentmagneten wird verstärkt.In the magnet arrangement according to FIG. 8 For example, the permanent magnet 32 may still be provided with an additional baffle 40 on its pole face facing away from the magnet armature 6. This reduces the air path of the field lines and the holding force of the permanent magnet is amplified.

Alternativ zu dem in FIG 5,6 und 8 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß dem die Polachse 34 des Permanentmagneten in Richtung der von ihm ausgeübten Kraft parallel zur Bewegungsrichtung 33 der Schließbewegung des Magnetankers 6 - wenn die Rückseite des Magnetankers 34 eben ist, senkrecht zu dieser Rückseite - gerichtet ist, kann auch gemäß FIG 6 eine Magnetanordnung vorgesehen sein, bei der die Polachse 34 des Permanentmagneten 32 senkrecht zu dieser Bewegungsrichtung 33 Magnetankers 6 orientiert ist. Zusätzlich können in dieser Ausführungsform an den Polflächen des Permanentmagneten 32 seitliche Leitbleche 42 angeordnet sein. Mit Hilfe der Abmessungen der Leitbleche 42 können außerdem Nutz- und Streuflüsse gesteuert werden. In FIG 9 ist außerdem eine Situation dargestellt, in der der Magnetanker 6 in der Offen-Stellung an den Leitblechen anliegt.Alternatively to the in FIG. 5,6 and 8th illustrated embodiment according to the Polachse 34 of the permanent magnet in the direction of the force exerted by him parallel to the direction of movement 33 of the closing movement of the armature 6 - when the back of the armature 34 is flat, perpendicular to this back - directed, can also according to FIG. 6 a magnet arrangement may be provided, in which the pole axis 34 of the permanent magnet 32 is oriented perpendicular to this direction of movement 33 magnet armature 6. In addition, in this Embodiment on the pole faces of the permanent magnet 32 lateral guide plates 42 may be arranged. With the help of the dimensions of the baffles 42 also useful and leakage fluxes can be controlled. In FIG. 9 In addition, a situation is shown in which the magnet armature 6 rests in the open position on the baffles.

Als Rückstellfedern 8 sind in den Ausführungsbeispielen Druckfedern dargestellt. Grundsätzlich ist auch möglich, für die Rückstellfedern 8 bei anderer Anordnung im Schaltgerät Zugfedern zu verwenden.As return springs 8 compression springs are shown in the embodiments. In principle, it is also possible to use for the return springs 8 in another arrangement in the switching device tension springs.

Claims (3)

  1. Electromagnetic switching device with an electromagnet (1) and a movable magnet armature (6), which is mounted in the switching device with a holding force (F0), which counteracts the closing force, is different thanzero in an OPEN position and is formed at least partially by a magnet arrangement with at least one permanent magnet (32), which magnet arrangement is arranged fixed in position in the switching device outside the magnetic circuit (38) formed from the electromagnet (1) and the magnet armature (6), and whose resetting force (F2), which acts on the magnet armature (6), is at a maximum in the OPEN position, characterized in that in the switching device at least one resetting spring (8), which acts parallel to the resetting force exerted by the at least one permanent magnet, is provided.
  2. Electromagnetic switching device according to Claim 1, in which the at least one permanent magnet (32) is arranged on the rear side of the magnet armature (6) which faces away from the electromagnet (1).
  3. Electromagnetic switching device according to Claim 2, in which the at least one permanent magnet (32) with its pole axis (34) at right angles to the movement direction (33) of the magnet armature (6) is arranged between two baffles (42) extending at right angles to the pole axis (34).
EP07003814A 2007-02-23 2007-02-23 Electromagnetic switching device Not-in-force EP1962317B1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07003814A EP1962317B1 (en) 2007-02-23 2007-02-23 Electromagnetic switching device
AT07003814T ATE434827T1 (en) 2007-02-23 2007-02-23 ELECTROMAGNETIC SWITCHING DEVICE
DE502007000936T DE502007000936D1 (en) 2007-02-23 2007-02-23 Electromagnetic switching device
CN2007101954799A CN101252058B (en) 2007-02-23 2007-11-30 Electromagnetic switching device
US12/003,141 US7733202B2 (en) 2007-02-23 2007-12-20 Electromagnetic switching device

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07003814A EP1962317B1 (en) 2007-02-23 2007-02-23 Electromagnetic switching device

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1962317A1 EP1962317A1 (en) 2008-08-27
EP1962317B1 true EP1962317B1 (en) 2009-06-24

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EP07003814A Not-in-force EP1962317B1 (en) 2007-02-23 2007-02-23 Electromagnetic switching device

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US (1) US7733202B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1962317B1 (en)
CN (1) CN101252058B (en)
AT (1) ATE434827T1 (en)
DE (1) DE502007000936D1 (en)

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CN201774463U (en) * 2010-06-14 2011-03-23 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 Energy-saving adapter
DE102011052003B4 (en) * 2011-07-20 2022-06-15 Te Connectivity Germany Gmbh Switching device with overload protection device and a first and a second actuating member
US9281147B2 (en) * 2013-12-30 2016-03-08 Elbex Video Ltd. Mechanical latching relays and method for operating the relays
JP6814184B2 (en) * 2018-09-19 2021-01-13 株式会社Ｓｕｂａｒｕ Electric car

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DE358530C (en) * 1922-09-12 Siemens & Halske Akt Ges Test arrangement for double tests in telephone systems with dialer operation
US1606164A (en) * 1923-05-09 1926-11-09 Western Electric Co Circuit-controlling device
US2539547A (en) * 1945-06-13 1951-01-30 Clare & Co C P Relay
FR1188404A (en) * 1954-02-17 1959-09-22 Improvements to relays and bipolar contactors
US3184563A (en) * 1960-12-09 1965-05-18 Int Standard Electric Corp Magnetically controlled reed switching device
US3281739A (en) * 1963-09-16 1966-10-25 Phillips Eckardt Electronic Co Sensitive latching relay
US3274523A (en) * 1964-03-02 1966-09-20 Allied Control Co Electromagnetic switching relay having a three piece u-shaped core
JPS59218871A (en) * 1983-05-27 1984-12-10 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Electromagnet apparatus for dot printer
FR2573570B1 (en) * 1984-11-22 1988-05-27 Merlin Gerin POLARIZED ELECTROMAGNETIC RELAY WITH MAGNETIC LOCKING FOR A TRIGGER OF AN ELECTRIC CIRCUIT BREAKER
US4728917A (en) * 1986-01-16 1988-03-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Electromagnetic relay wherein response voltage is rendered temperature independent
JPH0642420B2 (en) * 1988-12-23 1994-06-01 松下電工株式会社 Monostable electromagnet
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JP4230246B2 (en) * 2002-08-27 2009-02-25 三菱電機株式会社 Operating device and switchgear using the operating device
CN2671113Y (en) * 2003-12-30 2005-01-12 吴光 Bistable magnetic lock relay

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1962317A1 (en) 2008-08-27
DE502007000936D1 (en) 2009-08-06
CN101252058B (en) 2012-05-30
CN101252058A (en) 2008-08-27
US7733202B2 (en) 2010-06-08
ATE434827T1 (en) 2009-07-15
US20090045893A1 (en) 2009-02-19

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