Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
  • G06F40/00—Handling natural language data
  • G06F40/10—Text processing
  • G06F40/194—Calculation of difference between files
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
  • A61P19/02—Drugs for skeletal disorders for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
  • G06F40/00—Handling natural language data
  • G06F40/40—Processing or translation of natural language
  • G06F40/42—Data-driven translation

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the control of the conformity of data and their improvement if necessary.
• this invention relates to a system, method, and software for monitoring data compliance.
• U.S. Patent No. 4,964,060 filed December 4, 1985 and issued October 16, 1990 to Mr. Charles H. Hartsog relates to a data compliance control system. It describes a memory containing standards against which a development plan is verified by a system that outputs an evaluation.
• the Emil ltd patent can be used to control the origin of a source text even though the described control concerns its authenticity rather than typical errors.
• the Emil patent is intended to be used to control a translation.
• the Emil patent uses multiple windows to perform a control.
• the present invention differs in at least four points. It gives an essential place to the type of compliance. It uses labels to establish a correspondence between processing data and reference data, each of these labels being associated with its type of compliance. It offers the auditors concerned the possibility of manually "correcting" scores less than 100% without modifying them manually and automatically, without changing the content of the data. The use of the same system for a series of human interventions undertaking different activities is not included.
• Intellimetric based on notes already given to exam papers by human beings, teaches note in the same way afterwards so many other copies that will be given to him.
• IntelliMetric's mission is to judge the quality of data in process, but not at all to check compliance. We are far enough from the present invention. It is not a question of comparing reference data with data in processing within the meaning of the present invention: firstly, copies already noted are processed in order to deduce how the scores are attributed to them; and in a second time, notes are assigned in the same way to other copies.
• Diff XML and Merge Tool is a typical computer tool for comparing two texts, as can be done with Word. It presents the result in two windows side by side as do other commercially available software (eg UltraCompare). It allows a comparison in two main lines: an algorithm called “Syntax Aware” that says it works very well on files of known types; and three algorithms that rely on file structure at the line, word, or character level.
• the present invention is like TRADOS 7 the score simply means to indicate a nonconformity but does not mean to report the exact measurement.
• the computer may be very thorough when it comes to verifying that two data are exactly the same, but it often remains little able to say whether a given data is consistent with another data while being different (a translation, for example). .
• the present invention seeks to facilitate efficient sharing between men, involved in a complex process with varied skills, and the machine in control in any field, and not only where the idea of control by The computer is already acquired, but also where it is scarcely envisioned, and this is precisely because of the introduction of human competence from the beginning into the process, and allowing several people to bring different skills to it.
• the invention describes a system for verifying that the data being processed conforms to the reference data. This process is referred to hereinafter as "control”. Once the data has been checked using this means, the same system can be used (normally by the audit of one or more competent third parties) to check the conformity of the results.
• the invention is focused on data conformance checking, particularly when said data in process is not strictly identical to the reference data. It follows from the idea that the implementation of a compliance check normally rests on the sequence of several separate operations. For each of these operations, the data is called “reference” when it is taken as a standard and the data is called “in processing” when it is necessary to ensure the conformity of this one with one or more data of reference. In the context of the present invention, the “datum” considered is a piece that can be exploited by a computer.
• a usual form of data in the sense of the present invention is the alphanumeric text. For example: the specifications of an industrial process, or the analysis report of a product.
• Another example is the transposition of legal texts, such as directives to be transposed into the legislation in force, or the implementation of a regulation in an organization. Still another example: the patent claims and those of the prior art, or the specifications of an invention and those of industry standards. Yet another example: the specifications of a call for tenders and those of the bid in response. Another example: one or more source texts, one or more translations.
• the important point in this context is that the data in process is probably not all identical to the reference data, although their compliance is required.
• the aim of the invention is to enable an operator to control with a high degree of certainty whether the data in processing is or is not in conformity with the reference data. Its essential purpose is not so much to define the action that must be taken in the presence of an anomaly. It is especially to identify where the intervention is necessary.
• the invention proposes a tool that allows managers to quickly control by providing a framework that facilitates the comparison of data that is not necessarily identical.
• the invention relates to a data control system in processing according to reference data, characterized in that it comprises:
• An interactive display means showing a plurality of data segments distributed in specialized windows that allow the operator and the system to communicate; And processing means for comparing the processing data with the reference data according to an appropriate type of comparison for the data in question; in that the database contains correspondence information to indicate the reference data to which the processing data whose conformity is sought must correspond, this correspondence information being provided before any comparison and also giving information rules.
• the interactive display means allows the operators to select the data in process for comparison with the reference data according to the indications provided by the correspondence information; and in that the processing means performs the comparison according to the rules of the information in order to provide the operator with a score representative of the calculated level of compliance and, in case of nonconformity (s), elements indicating where are located that (s), as well as the appropriate steps to follow to resolve or decrease the nonconformity in order to improve the score.
• the processing means perform the comparison according to the information rules in order to provide the operator with a score representative of the calculated level of compliance. And in case of non-compliance, the The system also indicates where these are located, as well as the appropriate steps to follow to resolve or decrease the nonconformity to improve the score.
• the system may, however, systematically ask the operator to confirm the conformity (with a system ensuring the traceability of this confirmation) before processing continues to process the next data.
• the score calculated according to a predetermined formula falls below 100%, the operator may be offered various alternatives in order to bring the score to 100% and continue the data check.
• An operation to achieve this result may consist of a simple error correction, which will automatically raise the score to 100%.
• the operator can however consider the compliant data as it is. In which case, it will be advantageous for the system to request the operator to also provide traceability information; for example by entering explanations or justifications in a comment window provided for this purpose. In other words, human confirmation itself is a part of the calculation of the definitive score.
• Correspondence information and its information rules must be added explicitly by the operators, preferably with the help of the system.
• An example is the correspondence information.
• Several texts can be subdivided according to labels that are common from one set of data to another; that these datasets are industrial processes, directives, patents, contracts, tenders ...
• This labeling is to cut, before any treatment, the reference data in several data according to their content and the type of treatment they will have to undergo.
• a text of reference may, for example, be divided into sixty labeled data, each label having a more or less standard structure common to the series of texts referred to.
• a production specification may include a title label, a historic label, a production conditions label, an ingredients label, an equipment label, a process label, an exit label, etc.
• the name used to reference the label is advantageously descriptive of the content of the data that it designates.
• the data of the treatment report will be combined with the labels of the specifications according to information rules specifying the type of conformity sought.
• the conformity sought and of the adapted type it is expected to find the part of the title that names the part and a serial number specific to the part allowing in particular to identify its manufacturing data).
• no conformity is sought.
• the sought-after conformity is of the Verbatim type.
• an expert can advantageously assign matching labels to each of the data that corresponds to the definitions attached to said labels.
• These labels do not necessarily appear in the body of the text and are not necessarily in the same order over all the texts put in correspondence.
• This system of accredited labels makes it possible to reconcile several heterogeneous sets of data (whether they are stabilized in the form of reference data or in processing) in order to allow correspondences between each data segment linked by the same label thanks to their linear alignment.
• the system can facilitate this essentially manual operation by having a list of approved labels, with words or key phrases associated with each of them. The system can then search in this list for key words or phrases that correspond to a selected piece of data and the corresponding labels.
• the expert may propose a new one subject to complying with the prescribed procedure.
• the invention relies on a database where the necessary information is provided to a processing means to enable it to perform a comparison between data segments that are not necessarily identical.
• the information rules make it possible to apply specific strategies to each data segment.
• some segments need to be reproduced Verbatim while others need to be adapted to the context (cultural for example), and others finally need to be ignored if this are replaced because they are in a totally different perspective.
• Several information rules are useful in examples other than translation. For example, a "cultural" adaptation is necessary, while remaining in the French language, when it comes to specifying the competent body, in Belgium, France or Luxembourg. This explains why the information rules are related to the correspondence information.
• the correspondence information attached to the label is organized in such a way that it indicates for each category of data which information rules should apply.
• the database preferably contains an information dictionary.
• This dictionary can take various forms. It can for example relate to one, two or more languages.
• the dictionary contributes to the conformity check by identifying the terms to be compared. It can include word definitions, syntax and usage information, and a thesaurus of synonyms, possibly with a measure of their proximity using quantitative indices. With two or more languages, the dictionary can include word definitions, and syntax and usage information that can be applied to words in each language, while synonyms can advantageously include translations into other languages.
• the dates of appearance of the segments can serve as a basis for their selection hierarchy, based on their first appearance or the most recent character.
• the segments will advantageously rank in the information dictionary or dictionaries in descending order varying according to the number of words.
• the system is all the more useful and more efficient than the information database because most of the stored information is reusable by nature.
• the system itself provides a framework that facilitates the acquisition of new information, while it also ensures that the newly acquired information is itself compliant with the system as configured.
• these reference documents will be split into several pieces of information with, for example: a dictionary formed of higher texts (whose content is normally imperative), a dictionary formed of neighboring texts (whose vocabulary would be necessary for reasons coherence), a dictionary formed of the terms of the specialty (whose vocabulary would derive its strength from scientific and technical reasons).
• a dictionary formed of higher texts whose content is normally imperative
• a dictionary formed of neighboring texts whose vocabulary would be necessary for reasons coherence
• a dictionary formed of the terms of the specialty whose vocabulary would derive its strength from scientific and technical reasons.
• the interactive screen is divided into two columns I and II.
• Column I is arranged to accommodate the source language, or by acting on the cursor 1 arrows, the corresponding foreign language texts being processed in other countries.
• Column II contains the texts in the national language which are being processed, or by acting on the cursor arrows h and 1, neighboring national texts being processed or already processed.
• the screen is divided into five times five windows which are distributed as follows:
• the interactive display means modifies the rules governing the content of each window by following a vertical hierarchy from the highest texts to the controls. applications closest to the field (implemented by the organization, implemented by the final operators). Means associated with each window according to known methods make it possible to make the necessary displacements in the texts or to enlarge it as necessary.
• the following example describes the control of conformity of a text in processing with respect to a reference text originally written in a foreign language (called source language).
• the reference text in source language is cut by an operator (a human being) in several segments corresponding to predetermined notions for the type of text in question.
• the operator recognizes the concepts to which the text segments correspond, and assigns them "labels" drawn from a finite and pre-established list.
• the operator can benefit from assistance from the machine that can recognize certain keywords in the segment selected by the operator and proposed in view of these keywords the most likely segments .
• Each segment is successively pasted in the window 5 and its source language label is pasted in the Y window. After having been the subject of a conformity check, to ensure its authenticity with an official text, the reference text will be frozen in the window
• the compliance audit is carried out by comparing each segment of the internal text with that of an external electronic text deemed authentic.
• the authenticity index of the internal text recorded in the database is calculated by means of a processing means comparing each segment of the text in processing with the deemed authentic electronic text taken for reference.
• the index ⁇ is the result of the ratio of the number of words of the text deemed authentic present in the text deemed authentic present on the number of words of the text deemed authentic. This index is expressed in%.
• this ratio ⁇ displayed in the window m, is equal to 100, the Auditor validates and proceeds to the next segment that is the subject of the processing.
• an appropriate alternate text eg a paper publication
• the auditor makes a correction in the skylight n in order to bring the index of the skylight o to 100.
• the system imposes on the listener who corrected the calculated index to justify his position in row D.
• the auditor responsible for authenticating the source texts then affixes his seal in the database by ticking a box provided for this purpose. Checking this box will freeze the internal text saved in the database. This means that the source text can not be changed unless a special procedure is performed by an authorized agent (password for example).
• the overall authenticity index of the text is equal to the average of the ratios of each segment. It is posted after each exam and ultimately in the skylight
• the text is declared as a whole and a report, which bears the seal of the Auditor, is edited by the database.
• This report contains on a column the reference text, on a second column the text object of the processing, on a third column the comments of the auditor, the index assigned to each segment and the validation decision.
• the auditor may consider that the audited segment is valid while the calculated indicator has not resulted in exactly the 100% figure. For example, if the source text has obvious misspellings, the text being processed corrected with good reason.
• the text to be translated will be pasted and frozen in screen 10 with its national language label in the Z window. That is to say that the labels are not only pre-established, their translations are also pre-established.
• the translation is entered in the window 7 of the screen. All word segments present in the dictionary and consistent with the corresponding word segments of the source language reference text are highlighted.
• the dictionary contains all the segments of words and their correspondences in the languages drawn from the main international and regional texts considered necessary to ensure the linguistic coherence of the derived texts.
• the translator can search, in particular, in the neighboring texts of other reference data, in order to achieve sources of coherence.
• This dictionary of coherence made from neighboring texts can be distinguished from the dictionary of higher texts.
• a third dictionary of coherence of the technical texts of the sector can also be constituted.
• the translator can validate or not the unreferenced segments, which are the product of its own translation, by associating them with the corresponding segments of the reference text in the source language using the button i. It is up to him to comment on his choices in the comment window in preparation for a future audit that will confirm his choices or not.
• the dictionary of coherence does not aim at ensuring the translation of the texts, but only their coherence. All expressions of a segment are therefore not intended to appear in the dictionaries.
• the segment (s) of text (s) validated (s) will be included in the dictionary (s). All identical segments of the object text of the processing and future texts entered in the system will be reported in subsequent translations.
• the translated text is subjected to a verification audit to confirm its linguistic coherence, after which it will be transferred and frozen in the screen 10. Special entries with passwords are arranged to define powers based on the different stakeholders.
• the linguistic control audit covers each labeled segment and the entire translated text. It amounts to verifying by means of a means of comparison that the translated text is coherent in itself and with respect to idiomatic references drawn from previous national or international texts.
• the linguistic coherence audit can be done on the basis of the dictionary with or without reference to texts published in other languages. We simply search if the audited segment is present or not in the dictionary. According to a preferred means, for each segment of text examined, the database puts into value on the interactive display means the segments present in the dictionary or dictionaries. In case several languages are present, these segments are mapped to each other by the dictionary.
• the coherence index is calculated from the ratio formed by the recognized words present in the dictionary (s) on the total of the words present in the translated segment.
• the latter corrects by a complement carried in the window n the ratio calculated in m by the database to bring it to 100
• the overall compliance index ⁇ of the text calculated in o is equal to the average of the ratios of each segment. This is displayed after each examination and finally in the dormer q. If the linguistic consistency index ⁇ is equal to 100, the Auditor validates the text by printing an authenticity report. The certification carried out by the audit constitutes definitive ratification of the choices made. The validated text and the resulting dictionary are expected to become the source of subsequent target texts.
• the competent operator copies the contents of the window 10 in 7. Then the operator makes the necessary adaptations according to the attributes attached to the label defining the type of compliance for the segment being processed.
• Each label specifies a type of compliance required for its text segment.
• These types of compliance have at least two extreme possibilities: no compliance and exact compliance. These extreme types are called “ignore” and “Verbatim” (because for a translation, exact conformance does not mean the same). Between these extremes, there is advantageously one or more varieties of a type called "adaptation", where the necessary adaptations may be, for example, to change the names of text or reference, to change the units of measurement, or to change the designations of the competent authorities, ....
• the operator ignores the contents of the window, leaves it blank or replaces it with a completely different text; if it is of the Verbatim type, the operator leaves it unchanged except for imperative modifications; if it is of the adapt type, the operator defines the necessary adaptation measures and justifies his decisions in the window 9.
• the operator reviews his work and can confirm their value with a declaration of conformity using the z key.
• the compliance check audit of the reconciliation can begin.
• the Auditor verifies that the segment under treatment of the window 7 suitably follows the information rules attached to each label (Verbatim, adapt, ignore) in order to check its compliance with each labeled segment of the window 10.
• the calculation of the concordance index ⁇ 2 of the windows 7 and 10 is performed using the comparison processing means. For each segment examined, this comparison means lists the words present in the window 7 and compares them with the list of words present in the window 10.
• the compliance index is formed of the ratio ⁇ 2 identical words in the reference segment. and identical words of the segment of the text being processed.
• a detailed report can display the words added in the window 7 and the words not present in the window 10. This report can include for each word an index referencing its position in the reference text or in treatment. This report can be saved in window 8 by decision of the auditor.
• this ratio, displayed in the window m, is equal to 100, the Auditor validates and moves on to the next segment. If the automatic ratio displayed in m is different from 100, the database displays in the window 9 the list of subtracted and added words with respect to the piece of reference data. In this window, other information is provided by the operator to the auditor to justify the situation.
• the Verbatim rule allows the latter to correct by a complement carried in the window n the ratio calculated by the database to bring it to 100 in the window o. He then affixes his seal by ticking the box provided for this purpose, after having justified his position in the window 9.
• the auditor If the examination does not satisfy the Auditor, he leaves the ratio as is or modifies it only partially. It also justifies its position in window 9. In the case of an action label of the "adapt" type, the auditor has an extended discretion that is not subject to the Verbatim rule. He consults the automatic ratio m and enters the percentage of conformity translating his appreciation in the register p.
• a report which bears the seal of the Auditor, is edited by the database.
• This report contains on a column the reference text, on a second column the text (s) object of the treatment, on a third column the note and the comments of the Operator and the Auditor and the index ⁇ 2 assigned to each segment.
• the last column contains the seal certifying different auditors.
• control audit of the report starts with the data relating to compliance with the expected results and the means implemented (check-window 8).
• the Ride comparator displays (act - window 9) for each data the calculated index (ratios 6/8 and 7/8). With each means implemented according to the plan (for example: number of agents, equipment, supply budget and subcontracting) and for the achievement of each expected result (for example: number of visits, number of non-compliances) it reports the figure 100 ..
• the Auditor validates and passes normally to the next label. However, it can on its own initiative, make comments or suggest areas for improvement in this window 9. It can also use benchmarks made with competing data. Access via a drop-down window r advantageously makes it possible to select the display of competing best practices on the left-hand side of the screen.
• the overall compliance index of the text is equal to the average of the ratios of each party. This is displayed after each examination and finally in the skylight q-
• a report which bears the seal of the Auditor, is edited by the database.
• This report contains on a column the reference text (10), on a second column the instructions of objectives (6), on a third column the instructions of means (7), on a fourth column the provisions of the report of realization ( 8) and on a last column the index ⁇ and the comments (9) accompanied by the seal of the listener. 5.
• the audit of control of the adequacy of the means of implementation of the texts in treatment can start the control and the measurement of the effects of the texts at the final recipients in order to analyze if the objectives fixed are well and truly achieved.
• the audit covers segments that are marked by a corresponding label.
• the window 10 displays the expected standard result checkpoints (6) and the means (7) defined by the control charter issued for the activity concerned, with quantified measurement indicators ( list, number and results of the checks to be carried out ).
• the report of the inspection describing the results _ found during the survey visit.
• the overall conformity index of the text is equal to the average of the ratios of each part, which is displayed after each examination and finally in the skylight q-
• a report which bears the signature of the Auditor, is edited by the database.
• This report contains on one column the reference text, on a second column the control points, on a third column the results of the inspection reports, and on a last column the index ⁇ and the comments of the Auditor accompanied by his seal.
• the consensual clause of the procedure is entered in the window E.
• the traceability elements are reported in B.
• the ⁇ indicator is deduced by methods equivalent to those described above.
• the number 100 indicates that the consensual clauses were all respected for the discussion of the reports concerned.
• the reference texts may be reconciled with each other from one geographical area to another by example, using the database in a summary project.
• the summary project is retranscribed in window E.
• the national reference texts are recorded in windows A and B.
• the ⁇ indicator is deduced by methods equivalent to those described above.
• the number 100 for example, would indicate that the reference texts of the analyzed areas are completely convergent with the synthesis project.
• the windows D comment on the differences.
• ⁇ indicators can also be used to make comparisons between the reference texts of the various zones two by two. 8. Indicators of this type can be agglomerated into a composite indicator. Indicators of overall excellence ⁇ can be formed from the average of each individual indicator; according to a preferential representation, the number 9 indicates a value indicator 100 for the rank index concerned.

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