EP2176198B1 - Aérosol incapacitant amélioré - Google Patents

Aérosol incapacitant amélioré Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2176198B1
EP2176198B1 EP08776178A EP08776178A EP2176198B1 EP 2176198 B1 EP2176198 B1 EP 2176198B1 EP 08776178 A EP08776178 A EP 08776178A EP 08776178 A EP08776178 A EP 08776178A EP 2176198 B1 EP2176198 B1 EP 2176198B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mixture
incapacitant
per cent
proportion
weight
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP08776178A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2176198B8 (fr
EP2176198A2 (fr
Inventor
Wayne Morris
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bauer Eran
BAUER, GERARD
Original Assignee
Bauer Eran
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bauer Eran filed Critical Bauer Eran
Publication of EP2176198A2 publication Critical patent/EP2176198A2/fr
Publication of EP2176198B1 publication Critical patent/EP2176198B1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2176198B8 publication Critical patent/EP2176198B8/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
    • C06D7/00—Compositions for gas-attacks

Definitions

  • This invention relates to incapacitants, and in particular to incapacitant sprays used in law enforcement.
  • Incapacitants containing pelargonyl vanillylamide (PAVA) as the primary incapacitant are known from GB2337806 and WO 2006/055640 .
  • Such incapacitants have been developed using carriers comprising mixtures of alcohol and water to solubilise the PAVA. These incapacitants function by inducing temporary blindness when the mixture enters the eyes without causing injury to the skin or mucous membranes of an individual. Whilst some tears may be produced as a side effect of the incapacitant entering the eyes, it is not the production of tears which causes temporary blindness. Blindness results from intense pain in the eyes which causes the eyelids to close involuntarily rendering the person blind until such time as the effect of the incapacitant wears off.
  • incapacitant mixtures are susceptible to freezing at temperatures below 2°C. Incapacitant sprays using this mixture are therefore of limited use in cold weather or in countries with a cold climate.
  • incapacitant mixtures can break up into small, sub-micron size droplets on impact which can rebound from the person being sprayed. This can be a problem for bystanders in confined spaces such as custody suites or inside vehicles.
  • the invention provides a liquid phase incapacitant mixture comprising pelargonic acid vannillylamide (PAVA) and a carrier, wherein the mixture induces temporary blindness and/or irritation in the mucus membranes in a human or animal, wherein the carrier is miscible with water and has a boiling point greater than that of water, and includes a water-miscible solvent selected from the group comprising glycerine and glycols in a proportion of 50 per cent or more by weight of the mixture and the carrier further comprises water and an alcohol, and wherein PAVA is the primary incapacitant in the mixture, the proportion of PAVA in the mixture being 0.65 per cent or less by weight.
  • PAVA pelargonic acid vannillylamide
  • PAVA refers to pelargonic acid vannillylamide classified under CAS No. 2444-46-4.
  • the proportion of PAVA is between 0.3 and 0.65 per cent by weight. More preferably, the proportion of PAVA is between 0.3 and 0.6 per cent by weight.
  • the proportion of the glycol or glycerine in the mixture is 60 per cent or more by weight. More preferably the proportion of glycol or glycerine in the mixture is 72 per cent by weight.
  • Suitable glycols include any edible glycols from the glycol family, for example ethylene glycol or propylene glycol.
  • the water-miscible solvent is propylene glycol.
  • the proportion of propylene glycol in the mixture is 50 per cent or more by weight. More preferably the proportion of propylene glycol in the mixture is 60 per cent or more by weight. More preferably the proportion of propylene glycol is between 65 and 90 per cent. Still more preferably, the proportion of propylene glycol is between 65 and 80 per cent by weight. Still more preferably, the proportion of propylene glycol is 72 per cent by weight.
  • the proportion of water in the mixture 30 per cent or less by weight. More preferably, the proportion of water is between 20 and 30 per cent by weight. Still more preferably, the proportion of water in the mixture is 25 per cent by weight.
  • any suitable alcohol may be used.
  • the alcohol is selected from the group comprising ethanol, propanol and isopropanol.
  • the proportion of alcohol is 25 per cent or less by weight. More preferably, the proportion of alcohol is between 1.0 and 3.5 per cent by weight. Still more preferably, the proportion of alcohol is between 1.0 and 3.0 per cent by weight. Still more preferably the proportion of alcohol is 2.7 per cent by weight.
  • the mixture is capable of inducing temporary blindness and/or irritation in the mucus membranes in a human, and more preferably the mixture is capable of inducing blindness and/or irritation in the mucus membranes in a human for more than 5 minutes.
  • the mixture is a liquid between the temperatures of -20°C and +50°C.
  • the mixture may comprise a dye or a marker or a UV dye or an Infrared dye or an optical brightener or a synthetic DNA tag.
  • a synthetic DNA tag allows a sprayed individual to be linked to a particular batch of incapacitant spray.
  • One embodiment of the invention provides an incapacitant spray comprising a means for storing and delivering an incapacitant mixture according to the invention.
  • the storing means may be a can or a container.
  • the delivery means may be an aerosol, the mixture of the invention comprising an aerosol propellant, such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro ethane (classified under CAS No, 811-97-2), dimethyl ether, butane, propane or oxygen.
  • an aerosol propellant such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro ethane (classified under CAS No, 811-97-2), dimethyl ether, butane, propane or oxygen.
  • the propellant is nitrogen.
  • the delivery means may use pressurised air to expel the mixture of the invention form the storing means.
  • the delivery means preferably includes a nozzle.
  • an incapacitant mixture comprising 0.3 per cent PAVA; a carrier being 72 per cent propylene glycol; 25 per cent water and 2.7 per cent ethanol, all by weight, and propellant therefor, the said propellant being nitrogen.
  • Glycerine, and glycols have a higher surface tension than water, which in turn has a higher surface tension than an alcohol.
  • Adding a proportion of an alcohol, for example ethanol, to a glycol or a glycol/water mixture lowers the surface tension of that mixture.
  • a spray may be broken up into droplets.
  • the size of the resulting droplets increases with the surface tension of the liquid.
  • the incapacitant mixture of the invention has a higher surface tension than known incapacitant mixtures comprising with an alcohol and water based solvent. The incapacitant mixture of the invention will therefore will break up into larger droplet sizes. This is illustrated in the following examples:
  • Droplet size distribution was measured from repeated short bursts of the mixture from a canister placed at distances of 1.0m, 2.0m and 3.0m from the measurement location. On average it was found that 99.18 per cent of droplets resulting from the spray had a diameter of more than 10 micron.
  • Droplet sizes of more than 10 micron are unlikely to be inhaled into the human respiratory system in significant quantity. Inhalation of an incapacitant mixture causes a cough reflex response.
  • the incapacitant mixture of the invention therefore provides a reduced cough reflex response compared to known incapacitant sprays.
  • the mixture of the invention does not have any significant effect on the respiratory system, yet causes temporary blindness which is exceptionally effective in incapacitating humans.
  • the person must be incapacitated during the journey to a police station for instance until he is locked in a cell.
  • a person may be dosed repeatedly witch the incapacitant of the invention, in order to keep him under control when the effects of one application begin to wear off.
  • blindness results from intense pain in the eyes which causes the eyelids to close involuntarily rendering the person blind until such time as the effect of the incapacitant wears off.
  • incapacitation resulting from irritation to the mucus membranes this is also a result of intense pain, felt in areas exposed skin covered with mucus membranes and immediately adjacent such areas of skin.
  • the incapacitant is prevented from entering the eyes, the person may nevertheless be incapacitated by intense pain in and around the nose and mouth.
  • the incapacitant mixture of the invention does not have any significant effect on the respiratory system. Whilst the mixture causes the tear ducts to swell and some tears to be produced, these are a side effect. Intense lachrymation is not the cause of incapacitation.
  • An incapacitant mixture according to the invention having 0.3 per cent PAVA, 72.0 per cent propylene glycol, 25.0 per cent water and 2.7 per cent ethanol (all by weight), and nitrogen as a propellant was prepared.
  • the incapacitant mixture had a surface tension similar to that of water.
  • the incapacitant mixture was sprayed at a person in the region of the eyes.
  • the incapacitant caused irritation of the eyes, thereby incapacitating the said person.
  • the eyes watered in connection with the irritation caused by the incapacitant.
  • An incapacitant mixture according to the invention having 0.3 per cent PAVA, 73.7 per cent propylene glycol, 25.0 per cent water and 1.0 per cent ethanol (all by weight), and nitrogen as a propellant was prepared.
  • the incapacitant mixture was sprayed at a person in the region of the eyes.
  • the incapacitant caused irritation of the eyes, thereby incapacitating the said person.
  • the eyes watered in connection with the irritation caused by the incapacitant.
  • the incapacitant mixture was also sprayed at a person wearing protective goggles, directly at the nose and mouth.
  • the incapacitant caused irritation of the mucus membranes and intense pain in the mouth and nose, thereby incapacitating the said person. Even though the incapacitant is not sprayed into the eyes, the eyes may nevertheless water in connection with the irritation caused by the incapacitant.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un mélange incapacitant qui induit une cécité temporaire chez l'être humain ou l'animal, ce mélange comprenant du PAVA et un excipient. L'excipient est miscible avec l'eau et présente un point d'ébullition supérieur à celui de l'eau. Le PAVA constitue l'incapacitant primaire du mélange, et la proportion du PAVA dans le mélange est égale ou inférieure à 0,65 pour cent.

Claims (13)

  1. Mélange incapacitant en phase liquide comprenant de la PAVA (vannillylamide de l'acide pélargonique) et un vecteur, ce mélange étant capable de provoquer une cécité passagère et/ou une irritation des membranes muqueuses chez un humain ou un animal et le vecteur étant miscible dans l'eau et ayant un point d'ébullition supérieur à celui de l'eau et renfermant un solvant miscible dans l'eau sélectionné parmi le groupe comprenant la glycérine et les glycols dans une proportion de 50 pour cent en poids ou davantage du mélange et le vecteur comprenant en outre de l'eau et un alcool, et dans lequel la PAVA est l'agent incapacitant primaire dans le mélange, la proportion de PAVA dans le mélange étant de 0,65 pour cent ou moins.
  2. Mélange incapacitant selon la revendication 1, la proportion de PAVA dans le mélange étant comprise entre 0,3 et 0,65 pour cent en poids ou la proportion de PAVA dans le mélange étant comprise entre 0,3 et 0,6 pour cent en poids.
  3. Mélange incapacitant selon la revendication 1, la proportion de glycérine ou de glycol dans le mélange étant de 60 pour cent en poids ou davantage ou la proportion de glycérine ou de glycol dans le mélange étant de 72 pour cent en poids.
  4. Mélange incapacitant selon une quelconque revendication précédente, le solvant miscible dans l'eau étant du propylène glycol.
  5. Mélange incapacitant selon une quelconque revendication précédente, le vecteur comprenant en outre de l'eau selon une proportion de 30 pour cent ou moins en poids du mélange ou le vecteur comprenant en outre de l'eau selon une proportion comprise entre 20 et 30 pour cent en poids du mélange.
  6. Mélange incapacitant selon une quelconque revendication précédente, la proportion d'alcool dans le mélange étant de 25 pour cent ou moins en poids ou la proportion d'alcool dans le mélange étant comprise entre 1,0 et 3,5 pour cent en poids ou la proportion d'alcool dans le mélange étant de 2,7 pour cent en poids.
  7. Mélange incapacitant selon une quelconque revendication précédente, l'alcool étant sélectionné parmi le groupe comprenant éthanol, propanol et isopropanol.
  8. Mélange incapacitant selon une quelconque revendication précédente, comprenant 0,3 pour cent de PAVA, 72 pour cent de propylène glycol, 25 pour cent d'eau et 2,7 pour cent d'éthanol, le tout en poids.
  9. Dispositif de pulvérisation incapacitant comprenant des moyens de stockage et de libération d'un mélange incapacitant comme défini dans l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8.
  10. Dispositif de pulvérisation incapacitant selon la revendication 9, le moyen de libération du mélange incapacitant comprenant un propulseur pour aérosol.
  11. Dispositif de pulvérisation incapacitant selon la revendication 10, le propulseur étant sélectionné parmi le groupe comprenant azote, dioxyde de carbone, 1,1,1,2-tétrafluoro éthane, éther diméthylique, butane, propane et oxygène.
  12. Dispositif de pulvérisation d'un mélange incapacitant selon la revendication 9, le moyen de libération comprenant une source d'air pressurisé pour expulser le mélange du moyen de stockage.
  13. Dispositif de pulvérisation de mélange incapacitant selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 12, le moyen de stockage étant un bidon.
EP08776178A 2007-07-05 2008-07-07 Aérosol incapacitant amélioré Active EP2176198B8 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0713011A GB0713011D0 (en) 2007-07-05 2007-07-05 Improved incapacitant spray
PCT/GB2008/050543 WO2009004390A2 (fr) 2007-07-05 2008-07-07 Aérosol incapacitant amélioré

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2176198A2 EP2176198A2 (fr) 2010-04-21
EP2176198B1 true EP2176198B1 (fr) 2012-06-27
EP2176198B8 EP2176198B8 (fr) 2012-08-01

Family

ID=38440415

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08776178A Active EP2176198B8 (fr) 2007-07-05 2008-07-07 Aérosol incapacitant amélioré

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2176198B8 (fr)
GB (2) GB0713011D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009004390A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018185523A1 (fr) * 2017-04-04 2018-10-11 Ledins Toms Pulvérisation de défense et additif pour canons à eau utilisant de l'ibervérine comme ingrédient
US11662182B2 (en) 2018-11-13 2023-05-30 David Daniel Rankin, Sr. Non-lethal defensive fluid composition and pressurized delivery system
US11320245B2 (en) * 2018-11-13 2022-05-03 David Daniel Rankin, Sr. Non-lethal defensive fluid composition and pressurized delivery system

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2000131A (en) * 1932-03-01 1935-05-07 Us Ordnance Engineers Inc Disabling and incapacitating gas generating chemical
US5217708A (en) * 1992-02-05 1993-06-08 Defense Technology Corporation Of America Capsicum lachrymator
DE69530062T2 (de) * 1995-01-24 2004-02-05 Defense Technology Corp. of America (n.d.Ges.d. Staates Delaware) "Capsaicinoid" enthaltendes Tränengas
GB9710636D0 (en) * 1997-05-23 1997-07-16 Bauer Eran N Novel mixture
WO2006055640A2 (fr) * 2004-11-19 2006-05-26 Mace Security International, Inc. Compositions de gel
AU2006216792B2 (en) * 2005-02-22 2011-03-17 Mace Trademark Ii, Inc. Irritant-free gel compositions

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2453013A (en) 2009-03-25
WO2009004390A3 (fr) 2009-02-26
GB0812372D0 (en) 2008-08-13
WO2009004390A2 (fr) 2009-01-08
EP2176198B8 (fr) 2012-08-01
GB0713011D0 (en) 2007-08-15
GB2453013B (en) 2012-12-05
EP2176198A2 (fr) 2010-04-21

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