EP2173840A2 - Émulsion de combustible et procédé de préparation de celle-ci - Google Patents

Émulsion de combustible et procédé de préparation de celle-ci

Info

Publication number
EP2173840A2
EP2173840A2 EP07766843A EP07766843A EP2173840A2 EP 2173840 A2 EP2173840 A2 EP 2173840A2 EP 07766843 A EP07766843 A EP 07766843A EP 07766843 A EP07766843 A EP 07766843A EP 2173840 A2 EP2173840 A2 EP 2173840A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
hydrocarbon
fuel
phase
emulsion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07766843A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Zvi Rehavi
Anotoly Giorgovitz Bakanov
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NTT Next Thing Tech Ltd
Original Assignee
NTT Next Thing Tech Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NTT Next Thing Tech Ltd filed Critical NTT Next Thing Tech Ltd
Publication of EP2173840A2 publication Critical patent/EP2173840A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K5/00—Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
    • F23K5/02—Liquid fuel
    • F23K5/08—Preparation of fuel
    • F23K5/10—Mixing with other fluids
    • F23K5/12—Preparing emulsions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
    • B01F23/41—Emulsifying
    • B01F23/411—Emulsifying using electrical or magnetic fields, heat or vibrations
    • B01F23/4111—Emulsifying using electrical or magnetic fields, heat or vibrations using vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F31/00—Mixers with shaking, oscillating, or vibrating mechanisms
    • B01F31/80—Mixing by means of high-frequency vibrations above one kHz, e.g. ultrasonic vibrations
    • B01F31/81—Mixing by means of high-frequency vibrations above one kHz, e.g. ultrasonic vibrations by vibrations generated inside a mixing device not coming from an external drive, e.g. by the flow of material causing a knife to vibrate or by vibrating nozzles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
    • C10L1/328—Oil emulsions containing water or any other hydrophilic phase

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of production of emulsion fuel compounds consisting of a water emulsion and a single hydrocarbon or a mixture of hydrocarbons, such as diesel fuel, automotive fuel, furnace fuel, biofuel, oil, kerosene, alcohol, and so forth.
  • the invention is also related to a method for production of stable water-fuel emulsions of the "water-in-fuel" emulsion type without stabilization of the disperse phase by means of surface active compounds or emulsifiers.
  • water-in-fuel is intended to mean any emulsion of water in fuel wherein the overall volumetric fraction of water in the water/fuel mixture is approximately 50% or less;
  • fuel-in-water is intended to mean any emulsion of fuel in water wherein the overall volumetric fraction of water in the water/fuel mixture is over approximately 50%;
  • WFE water-fuel emulsion
  • fuel emulsion is intended to mean WFE.
  • Lepain describes an emulsified diesel fuel containing hydrocarbons, water, alcohol (methanol, ethanol) and an emulsifying system composed of sorbitanmonooleate and ethoxilated nonylphenol.
  • concentration of the emulsifying system in the emulsion accounts for 3% to 10% of the volume, whereas the stability of this water-alcohol-hydrocarbon emulsion falls short of satisfactory.
  • phase segregation in the fuel emulsion described by Lepain becomes pronounced enough to interfere with vehicle operation in normal use conditions.
  • compositions as noted hereinabove are both expensive and extremely complex, owing to the large number of additives.
  • the emulsified fuel, as described by Mekonen is not particularly stable, especially at low temperatures, with phase segregation taking place within one hour. This trend is further accelerated at temperatures below 5° C.
  • a fuel having a dispersion medium very similar or identical to that for which the components and fuel supply system were designed it is preferable to use a fuel having a dispersion medium very similar or identical to that for which the components and fuel supply system were designed.
  • the dispersion medium is water
  • corrosion of metal surfaces and/or accelerated wear of elastomeric materials may occur.
  • water-in-fuel emulsions are preferable over fuel- in-water since the rapid evaporation of water droplets dispersed in the fuel improves dispersion of hydrocarbons in the combustion chamber.
  • Such water- in-fuel emulsions are described by Haupais et al. in Patent Application WO 97/34969 and by Magnin et al. in WO 00/34419, whose disclosures are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the presence of a surfactant in the border envelope of the phase of internal water droplets during fuel emulsion transport causes the water phase to coalesce, thereby substantially reducing dispersion of hydrocarbons in the combustion chamber.
  • a preferable criterion for the quality of the fuel emulsion described by Haupais is the size of water droplets of the disperse phase.
  • the applied emulsifying systems described by Haupais yield fuel emulsions where the average size of water droplets of the disperse phase is less than or equal to 3 microns.
  • the present invention is a fuel emulsion based on hydrocarbon and water without the addition of surfactants or other emulsifying systems or additives in the fuel composition, and a method for the preparation of such a fuel emulsion.
  • a fuel emulsion having a three-phase composition, based on at least one hydrocarbon and on water, the fuel emulsion comprising: a continuous hydrocarbon phase; a phase of cavitation water vapor bubbles dispersed within the continuous hydrocarbon phase; and a phase of water droplets dispersed within the continuous hydrocarbon phase, wherein the emulsion is obtainable by vibroacoustic processing.
  • the volumetric proportion of cavitation water vapor bubbles ranges from 0.25% to less than 1.5%.
  • the average diameter of water droplets is less than or substantially equal to 1 micron.
  • the average diameter of cavitation water vapor bubbles is less than or substantially equal to 0.2 microns.
  • the hydrocarbon includes at least one chosen from the list including: diesel oil, heavy oil ; furnace oil; biofuel; gasoline; kerosene; and alcohol.
  • the volume ratio of hydrocarbon to water ranges from substantially 90: 10 to substantially 70:30.
  • a method of preparing a fuel emulsion having a three-phase composition, based on at least one hydrocarbon and on water involving the steps of: mixing the at least one hydrocarbon and water; and processing the mixture of hydrocarbon and water in a vibroacoustic mixer to yield a three- phased emulsion having a continuous phase of the hydrocarbon and respective dispersed phases of water droplets and cavitation water vapor bubbles.
  • the average diameter of the water droplets is less than or approximately equal to 1 micron.
  • the average size of the cavitation water vapor bubbles is less than or approximately equal to 0.2 microns.
  • the cavitation water bubble phase in the emulsion ranges from substantially less than 1.5% to greater than 0.25% by volume.
  • mixing the at least one hydrocarbon and water is performed with a volumetric ratio of hydrocarbon to water ranging from substantially 90:10 to substantially 70:30.
  • the hydrocarbon includes at least one chosen from the list including: diesel oil, heavy oil; furnace oil; biofuel; gasoline; kerosene; and alcohol.
  • FIG. 1 is a photomicrograph presentation of a structure of a three-phase fuel emulsion system, in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow diagram showing the steps of the preparation of the fuel emulsion of FIG. 1, in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
  • the present invention is a fuel emulsion based on hydrocarbon and water without the addition of surfactants or other emulsifying systems or additives in the fuel composition, and a method for the preparation of such a fuel emulsion.
  • FIG. 1 is a photomicrograph presentation of the structure of a three-phase fuel emulsion system 10, in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
  • Three-phase fuel emulsion system 10 comprises a continuous hydrocarbon phase 12, a disperse phase of water droplets 13, and a disperse phase of cavitation water vapor bubbles 14.
  • the distribution of disperse phase of water droplets 13 and disperse phase of the cavitation water vapor bubbles 14 is obtained by vibroacoustic treatment of the mixture of the emulsion components, namely: hydrocarbons and water.
  • the presence of the additional phase of cavitation water vapor bubbles 14 in the water-fuel emulsion imparts additional enhanced heat-exchange properties on the fuel during its combustion owing to properties of the bubbles, which includes the cavitation power of bubbles during their collapse. As the water vapor cavitation bubbles collapse, they provide conditions for substantial heat exchange, yielding additional detonation energy to the fuel during its combustion.
  • disperse phase of cavitation water vapor bubbles 14 has a volumetric composition of three-phase emulsion system 10 ranging from 0.25% to 1.5%.
  • emulsion system 10 is the product of vibroacoustic processing of the mixture constituents, namely hydrocarbons and water. Vibroacoustic processing of the hydrocarbon and water components ensures formation of stable discrete phases of water droplets and cavitation water vapor bubbles within a broad range of droplet and bubble size, yielding a reduction of the average bubble size without the addition of surfactants or any emulsifiers. This, in turn, serves to substantially achieve a stable and uniform distribution of water droplets and cavitation water vapor bubbles in the continuous phase of the hydrocarbon of the fuel emulsion.
  • Emulsion stability is due to the discrete droplet and cavitation water vapor bubbles being reduced to a size where the interface between water droplets and continuous hydrocarbon phase 12 gives rise to surface tension forces that prevent the coalescence a disperse phase of water droplets 13, whereas the surface tension of the cavitation steam bubbles generates uniformly distributed equal-sense charges resulting from ions contained in the continuous hydrocarbon phase 12 Coulomb repulsion forces prevent the water vapor bubbles from coalescing.
  • the average diameter of water droplets is less than or approximately equal to 1 microns, whereas the average diameter of cavitation water vapor bubbles is less than or approximately equal to 0.2 microns.
  • Embodiments of the present invention preferably include a volumetric proportion of water in emulsion ranging from about 90:10 to 70:30. The proportion of water in the emulsion is selected according to the type and quality of the hydrocarbon, and the operating conditions of the emulsion used by the user.
  • the hydrocarbon of choice in embodiments of the fuel emulsion described hereinabove include: diesel fuel, fuel oil, furnace oil, biofuel, oil, kerosene, and alcohol.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a system 20 for preparing a water- fuel emulsion (WFE), in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • System 20 includes a filter 21 and a vibroacoustic mixer 22.
  • WFE water-fuel emulsion
  • hydrocarbon and water are introduced continuously, through filter 21 at a controlled volume under a given pressure, maintaining a water-to- WFE volumetric ratio of about 90:10 to 70:30.
  • the water/fuel mixture is then fed into vibroacoustic mixer 22 for vibroacoustic processing, in continuous flow.
  • the vibroacoustic mixer alternatively called “vibromixer” produces a three-phase dispersed emulsion having a continuous phase of hydrocarbon and dispersed phases of water droplets and cavitation water vapor bubbles.
  • the vibromixer includes a steel body with inlet and outlet fittings (not shown in the figure) and a nozzle 24 near the inlet fitting. Downstream from nozzle 24 there is a hydrodynamic oscillator 26. Hydrodynamic oscillator 26 is designed to be operated to produce elastic vibrations in the water/fuel mixture, which enables dispersion of the water and the formation of an aqueous phase in an emulsifiable mixture comprising droplets having a size equal or less than 1 micron and the formation of cavitation water vapor bubbles having a size equal or less than 0.2 microns. Following treatment in the vibromixer, the WFE is outputted and supplied to the customer. Examples of configurations of hydrodynamic oscillator 26 are noted hereinbelow.
  • Examples of the hydrocarbon fuel used in system 20 to produce WFE include: diesel fuel, heavy oil 1, furnace oil, biofuel, oil, kerosene, and alcohol.
  • the obtained WFE represents a highly dispersed fuel with improved performance properties. Specific examples are given hereinbelow for WFE based on: gasoline B-91 for an M14P engine: diesel fuel for TUD5 Mach 106 engine; and heavy oil for MAN 58/6015 ship engine. In all cases embodiments of the current invention makes it possible to reduce the content of harmful compounds in exhaust gases of the WFE, as described hereinbelow.
  • the volumetric composition of the current WFE is 90% B-91 gasoline and 10% water. Cavitation water vapor bubbles in the emulsion are approximately 0.25% by volume, with an average diameter of 0.15-0.2 microns, and with water droplets having an average diameter of 0.4-0.7 microns. Storage time before phase separation is 45 days, at a temperature of 3O 0 C.
  • the volumetric composition of the current WFE is 70% diesel oil and 30% water. Cavitation water vapor bubbles in the emulsion represent approximately 1.5% by volume, having an average diameter of 0.1-0.17 microns, with a diameter of water droplets ranging from 0.7-0.95 microns. Storage time before phase separation is 28 days, at a temperature of 30 degrees C.
  • the following table summarizes and contrasts performance of conventional diesel fuel versus the WFE of an embodiment of the current invention.
  • a controlled run on a city route was performed.
  • the quantity of fuel consumed in the car was 100 liters.
  • the following are derived transit times for the controlled run, using conventional diesel fuel and the present WFE.
  • Example 3 MAN 58/6015 ship engine
  • the volumetric composition of the current WFE is 85% heavy oil + 15% water. Cavitation water vapor bubbles in the emulsion represent approximately 0.9% volume, having an average diameter of 0.08-0.09 microns, with a diameter of water droplets ranging from 0.8-1 microns. Storage time before phase separation is 90 days, at a temperature of 30° C.
  • the table which follows summarizes and contrasts performance of conventional heavy oil fuel versus the present WFE.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une émulsion de combustible ayant une composition à trois phases, à base d'au moins un hydrocarbure et d'eau, l'émulsion de combustible comprenant : une phase continue d'hydrocarbure ; des bulles de vapeur d'eau en cavitation dispersées dans la phase continue d'hydrocarbure ; et une phase de gouttelettes d'eau dispersées à l'intérieur de la phase continue d'hydrocarbure, ladite émulsion pouvant être obtenue par traitement vibroacoustique.
EP07766843A 2007-07-01 2007-07-01 Émulsion de combustible et procédé de préparation de celle-ci Withdrawn EP2173840A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/IL2007/000813 WO2009004604A2 (fr) 2007-07-01 2007-07-01 Émulsion de combustible et procédé de préparation de celle-ci

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2173840A2 true EP2173840A2 (fr) 2010-04-14

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EP07766843A Withdrawn EP2173840A2 (fr) 2007-07-01 2007-07-01 Émulsion de combustible et procédé de préparation de celle-ci

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Country Link
US (1) US20100115828A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2173840A2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009004604A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103842487A (zh) 2011-03-29 2014-06-04 富林纳技术有限公司 混合燃料及其制备方法
CN107250324B (zh) 2014-12-03 2019-11-15 德雷塞尔大学 将天然气直接并入烃液体燃料
PT110818A (pt) * 2018-07-04 2020-01-06 Nanospectral Lda Processo de cavitação para preparação de emulsões de combustível com água e reactor para a realização do processo.
WO2021220290A1 (fr) 2020-04-27 2021-11-04 Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited Émulsion eau-combustible hydrocarboné

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4244702A (en) * 1979-02-26 1981-01-13 Howard Alliger Emulsified fuel oil and method of production
DE4326360C1 (de) * 1993-08-05 1994-12-15 Ppv Verwaltungs Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines Brennstoffgemisches

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2009004604A2 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2009004604A3 (fr) 2009-09-03
WO2009004604A2 (fr) 2009-01-08
US20100115828A1 (en) 2010-05-13

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