EP2171426A1 - Détecteur, procédé et leur utilisation pour la détection de la granulométrie de particules dans un flux gazeux - Google Patents

Détecteur, procédé et leur utilisation pour la détection de la granulométrie de particules dans un flux gazeux

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Publication number
EP2171426A1
EP2171426A1 EP08775024A EP08775024A EP2171426A1 EP 2171426 A1 EP2171426 A1 EP 2171426A1 EP 08775024 A EP08775024 A EP 08775024A EP 08775024 A EP08775024 A EP 08775024A EP 2171426 A1 EP2171426 A1 EP 2171426A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
electrodes
pair
pairs
voltage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08775024A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Bartscherer
Ralf Schmidt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2171426A1 publication Critical patent/EP2171426A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
    • G01N15/0266—Investigating particle size or size distribution with electrical classification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/05—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a particulate sensor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/12—Other sensor principles, e.g. using electro conductivity of substrate or radio frequency

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a sensor and a method and the use thereof for detecting the size distribution of particles in a gas stream.
  • diesel particulate filter In the near future, the particulate emissions, especially of vehicles during driving, after passing through an engine or diesel particulate filter (DPF) must be monitored by law (On Board Diagnosis, OBD). In addition, a diesel particulate filter regeneration control load forecast is required to ensure high system safety with few efficient, fuel-efficient regeneration cycles, and to use cost-effective filter materials, such as cordierite.
  • resistive particle sensors draw on the detection of particle ejection caused by particle deposition resistance change of an electrode system with two or more comb-like interdigitated electrodes (interdigital electrode system) zoom.
  • resistive particle sensors arrange themselves according to the collecting principles. Such sensors are described by DE 101 493 33 A1 and WO 2003006976 A2.
  • resistive particle sensors especially particle sensors, are conductive
  • Particles are known in which two or more metallic, comb-like into one another gripping electrodes (interdigital electrodes) are formed, wherein the accumulating under the action of an electrical measuring voltage particles, in particular soot particles, the electrodes short and so with increasing particle concentration on the sensor surface a decreasing resistance (or an increasing current at a constant applied voltage) between the electrodes becomes measurable. After reaching a threshold value, a changing sensor current can be measured, which can be correlated with the increase of the particle mass on the sensor surface. To regenerate the sensor after particle deposition, the sensor must be burned free using an integrated heater.
  • PM standard Particulate Matter Standard
  • EPA US Environmental Protection Agency
  • PMio Particulate Matter Standard
  • a sensor for detecting the size distribution of particles in a gas stream, comprising an electrode system having at least three in-plane electrodes, at least one power supply device and at least one voltage measuring and / or current measuring device, characterized in that in each case two electrodes in the electrode system form a pair of electrodes of different polarity, wherein the electrode pairs are arranged along a lying in the plane of the electrodes fictitious beam, that the beam in each case between the two electrodes of a pair of electrodes, the arranged along the beam pairs of electrodes in such a way at least one voltage measurement and / or current measuring device are connected, that the voltage and / or the current flow between each pair of electrodes can be determined individually, has the advantage that different size fractions of accumulating particles dissolved un d can be measured, whereby size fractions of ultrafine particles / particles with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 300 nm can still be resolved and measured.
  • the division of the size fractions can be determined on the one hand by the configuration of the electrode system. On the other hand, the division of the size fractions can be adjusted by adapting the voltages applied to the electrode pairs during operation.
  • electrode systems according to the invention are also very small and inexpensive to implement and have the potential to be used in motor vehicles.
  • FIG. 1a shows a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a sensor according to the invention with an electrode system in which
  • Electrode pairs are arranged along a beam, wherein each electrode pair is connected to its own voltage measuring and / or current measuring device, wherein all pairs of electrodes are connected to a common power supply device and wherein each pair of electrodes has its own variable resistor, which makes it possible at the different pairs of electrodes apply different voltages;
  • FIG. 1 b shows a schematic representation of a second embodiment of a sensor according to the invention with an electrode system in which pairs of electrodes are arranged along a jet, each of them
  • Electrode pair is connected to its own voltage measuring and / or current measuring device and to its own power supply device;
  • FIG. 1c shows a schematic illustration of a third embodiment of a sensor according to the invention, which differs from the second one shown in FIG.
  • Embodiment differs in that between adjacent electrodes belonging to different electrode pairs, in each case a further voltage measuring and / or current measuring device is connected, whereby an improved measurement is made possible with a voltage polarity changing from electrode pair to electrode pair;
  • FIG. 1 d shows a schematic representation of a fourth embodiment of a sensor according to the invention, which differs from the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 a mainly in that the electrode pair gap distance A between the two electrodes of a pair of electrodes increases continuously from pair of electrodes to pair of electrodes. wherein the arrangement of the electrodes is asymmetrical with respect to the beam passing through the pair of electrode gaps;
  • FIG. 1 e shows a schematic representation of a fifth embodiment of a sensor according to the invention, which differs from the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 1 d in that the arrangement of the electrodes is symmetrical with respect to the beam passing through the electrode pair gap;
  • FIG. 1f shows a schematic representation of a sixth embodiment of a sensor according to the invention, which differs from the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1a primarily in that the
  • Electrode pair gap distances of the individual pairs of electrodes are optimized with respect to a Gaussian distribution-based particle size distribution
  • FIG. 1 g shows a schematic illustration of a seventh embodiment of a sensor according to the invention, which differs from the sixth embodiment shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 1h shows a schematic representation of an eighth embodiment of a sensor according to the invention, which differs from the first one shown in FIG.
  • Embodiment differs in that arranged on one side of the beam electrodes of four adjacent pairs of electrodes are formed as an electrode, wherein arranged on the other side of the beam electrodes are spaced from each other and thereby with the one, located on the other side of the beam electrode four
  • FIG. 2a shows a schematic representation of a ninth embodiment of a sensor according to the invention with an electrode system are arranged in the pair of electrodes along radial beams;
  • FIG. 2b serves to illustrate a stagnation flow of the electrode system shown in FIG. 2a with a gas flow;
  • FIG. 2c shows a schematic representation of a tenth embodiment of a sensor according to the invention with an electrode system in which electrode pairs are arranged along six radial beams, wherein the polarity of the electrodes alternately changes from one radial row of electrodes to the adjacent rows of radial electrodes, and furthermore illustrates that those pairs of electrodes which are arranged on an electrode circuit can be connected to a (common) further voltage measuring and / or current measuring device;
  • Figure 2d shows a schematic representation of an eleventh embodiment of a sensor according to the invention with an electrode system in the Electrode pairs are arranged along six radial beams, wherein the polarity of the electrodes alternately changes both from a row of radial electrodes to the adjacent rows of radial electrodes, and from electrode to electrode within a row of radial electrodes;
  • FIG. 2c shows a schematic representation of a tenth embodiment of a sensor according to the invention with an electrode system in which electrode pairs are arranged along six radial beams
  • FIG. 2 e shows a schematic illustration of a twelfth embodiment of a sensor according to the invention, which differs from the tenth embodiment shown in FIG. 2 c mainly in that the electrodes of four adjacent electrode pairs arranged on one side of a beam are each formed as one electrode arranged on the other side of the beam electrodes are spaced from each other and thereby each form four pairs of electrodes with one, located on the other side of the beam electrode;
  • FIG. 2f shows a schematic representation of a thirteenth embodiment of a sensor according to the invention, which differs from the ninth, tenth and eleventh embodiments shown in FIGS. 2a, 2c and 2d mainly in that the radial beams have a different number of electrode pairs arranged thereon;
  • Figure 2g shows a schematic representation of a fourteenth embodiment of a sensor according to the invention, which differs from the ninth, tenth, eleventh and thirteenth embodiment shown in Fig. 2a, 2c, 2d and 2f mainly characterized in that arranged on the radial beam electrodes via two opposite circular cutouts extend, with electrode-free circular cutouts being located between these circular cutouts; and
  • Figure 2h shows a schematic representation of a fifteenth embodiment of a sensor according to the invention, which differs from the ninth, tenth, eleventh, thirteenth and fourteenth embodiment shown in Fig. 2a, 2c, 2d, 2f and 2g mainly characterized in that the number and configuration of arranged on two opposite circular cut-away electrodes are different from each other.
  • FIG. 1a shows a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a sensor according to the invention with an electrode system in which lies in a plane
  • Electrode pairs 11; 12; 13; 14 along a in the plane of the electrode pairs 11; 12;
  • the electrodes 1, 1 '; 2, 2 '; 3, 3 '; 4, 4 'of a pair of electrodes 11; 12; 13; 14 according to the invention have a different
  • Polarity are arranged on different sides of the beam Sl.
  • These and some other embodiments of the present invention are all pairs of electrodes 11; 12; 13; 14 connected via lines 101, 101 'to a common power supply device 201.
  • each pair of electrodes 11; 12; 13; 14 via its own, variable, known in the series resistor 401; 402; 403; 404th
  • the electrode pairs 11 arranged along the beam X1 are; 12; 13; 14 such at least one voltage measuring and / or current measuring device 301;
  • each pair of electrodes 11; 12; 13; 14 to a separate voltage measuring and / or current measuring device 301; 302; 303; 304 is connected.
  • a voltage measuring and / or current measuring device 301 may be, for example, a series-connected current measuring device. However, it may also be a voltage meter, which act in parallel to a resistor.
  • the at least one series resistor may have the function of a voltage measuring and / or current measuring device and a series resistor combined.
  • a voltage measuring and / or current measuring device may have the function of a voltage measuring and / or current measuring device and a series resistor combined.
  • a voltmeter can be connected in parallel, which from a
  • Particle deposition resulting voltage drop across the respective series resistor measures can be used at a known voltage as a measure of accumulated particles.
  • the electrode pairs 11; 12; 13; 14 are arranged along the beam Sl, that the beam Sl in each case between the two electrodes 1, 1 '; 2, 2 '; 3, 3 '; 4, 4 'of a pair of electrodes 11; 12; 13; 14 runs. Between the electrodes 1, 1 '; 2, 2 '; 3, 3 '; 4, 4 'is therefore an electrode pair gap 6 before.
  • the electrodes 1; 2; 3; 4 on one side of the beam Sl mirror-symmetrical to the electrodes 1 '; 2 '; 3 '; 4 'on the other side of the beam Sl designed and arranged.
  • the beam Sl can therefore be referred to in the mirror-symmetrical embodiment / s as a symmetry beam Sl.
  • a "symmetry beam” (denoted by the reference symbol S) in the sense of the present invention, apart from being a ray, that is to say a fictitious line, straight, on one side, for example from the point P, and not a straight line, the same properties as an axis of symmetry, that is, to one
  • Point Y or object one electrode of a pair of electrodes
  • point Y 'or object' partner electrode
  • the two points Y and Y 'or objects at the same distance from the beam and are arranged such that a connecting distance between the points Y and Y' or
  • a gas stream 5 comprising particles is moved parallel to the symmetry beam S1, in particular parallel to that between the electrodes 1, 1 '; 2, 2 '; 3, 3 '; 4, 4 'of the electrode pairs 11; 12; 13; 14 lying electrode pair gap 6, as well as parallel to the plane of the electrodes 1, 1 ', 2, 2% 3, 3', 4, 4 'passed or flowed over the electrode system.
  • Series resistors 401; 402; 403; 404 are applied to the electrode pairs 11; 12; 13; 14 different voltages applied.
  • the amount of each of a pair of electrodes 11; 12; 13; 14 applied voltages is thereby at each pair of electrodes 11; 12; 13; 14 adapted individually to the expected particle size distribution and / or the gas flow rate.
  • the expected particle size distribution is suitably determined by previously performed adjustment measurements.
  • the magnitude of the gas flow rate is known in most applications of a sensor according to the invention.
  • the gas flow velocity can be calculated via a signal from an engine or plant control device in accordance with an onflow transfer function.
  • the gas flow rate is not known, can in a inventive
  • Sensor an additional device for measuring the gas flow velocity can be integrated. On the basis of the data thus obtained on the expected particle size distribution and / or the gas flow velocity, individual voltages are applied to the individual electrode pairs by a control device.
  • the particles in the gas stream 5 flow at a certain gas velocity from one side of the electrode system parallel to the paired electrode gap 6 to the opposite side of the electrode pair gap 6, the particles are separated by electrophoretic forces consisting of the electrode pairs 11; 12; 13; 14 applied voltages, as well as by thermophoresis and diffusion on the
  • the short circuit of the individual electrode pairs 11 takes place; 12; 13;
  • each pair of electrodes 11; 12; 13; 14 via its own voltage measuring and / or current measuring device 301; 302; 303; 304, the short circuits between the individual electrode pairs 11; 12; 13; 14 of the electrode system according to the invention are determined independently and output as a measure of the particle size distribution.
  • both an evaluation over the tripping time that is, the period of time that elapses until the electrode pair shows a predetermined resistance due to a particle bridge, as well as an evaluation of the change over time of the voltage, the current and / or the resistance is possible.
  • This measurement principle according to the invention is applicable both to a gas flow 5 with a constant gas flow velocity and to a gas flow 5 with a variable gas flow velocity.
  • gas streams 5 with constant gas flow rate can be used, for example, with constant applied voltages.
  • the attachment of the respective size fraction may shift from one pair of electrodes to an adjacent pair of electrodes. This can be corrected according to the invention by including the gas flow rate in the evaluation of the measurement.
  • the measurement at a variable gas velocity becomes constant at the electrode pairs 11; 12; 13; 14 applied voltages carried out and measured the change over time of the resistance and evaluated in dependence on the gas velocity.
  • the measurement at a variable gas velocity becomes constant at the electrode pairs 11; 12; 13; 14 applied voltages carried out and measured the change over time of the resistance and evaluated in dependence on the gas velocity.
  • a gas velocity change by adjusting the on the electrode pairs 11; 12; 13; 14 applied voltages are corrected.
  • the particles deposit again at the electrode pairs determined for the respective particle size and not, as would be the case without correction, at electrode pairs adjacent thereto.
  • the amounts of the at the electrode pairs 11; 12; 13; 14 applied voltages adjusted such that in the expected particle size distribution all electrode pairs 11; 12; 13; 14 in the same time range deliver results and / or must be regenerated.
  • the respectively on the electrode pairs 11; 12; 13; 14 applied voltages independently of each other to the course of the distribution, for example, to the maximum / maximum and / or the / the minimum / minimum of the distribution adjusted.
  • the voltages applied to the electrode pairs are adjusted such that a lower voltage is applied to the electrode pair (s) at which the maximum / maximum distribution is expected than at the other electrode pairs.
  • Pair of electrodes to the last pair of electrodes steadily increase the voltages applied to the pairs of electrodes.
  • the amount of voltage from the first electrode pair to the middle electrode pair of an electrode pair row arranged on a beam may steadily decrease and steadily increase from the middle electrode pair to the last electrode pair of an electrode pair row arranged on a beam.
  • the voltages can be applied to the respective electrode pairs 11; 12; 13; 14 are applied, that the voltage applied to the electrode pairs continuously change from pair of electrodes to pair of electrodes, that is steadily increase or decrease.
  • Figure Ib shows a schematic representation of a second embodiment of a sensor according to the invention with an electrode system in the electrode pair 11; 12; 13; 14 are arranged along a beam Sl.
  • the second embodiment shown in FIG. 1b differs from the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1a in that each pair of electrodes 11; 12; 13; 14 to its own
  • Power supply device 201; 202; 203; 204 is connected. These power supply devices 201; 202; 203; 204 allow the application of different voltages to the different electrode pairs 11; 12; 13; 14. Therefore, in the context of this embodiment, it is possible to use resistors 401; 402; 403; 404 are waived for adjusting different voltages.
  • resistors 401; 402; 403; 404 are waived for adjusting different voltages.
  • Electrode pairs 11; 12; 13; 14 to the respective own power supply device 201; 202; 203; 204 takes place in the context of the second embodiment via two lines 101, 101 '; 102, 102 '; 103, 103 '; 104, 104 '.
  • the different voltages are applied to the electrode pairs 11; 12; 13; 14 applied that those electrodes 1; 2; 3; 4; 1'; 2 '; 3 '; 4 'which are on the same side of the beam Sl, have the same polarity.
  • electrophoretic forces between adjacent electrode pairs for example, 1 'and 2' are avoided.
  • those electrodes 1; 2; 3; 4; 1'; 2 '; 3 '; 4 ' which are on the same side of the beam S / X, have a different polarity.
  • Such a circuit with one or more polarity changes for example with one of electrode pair too
  • Electrode pair along the beam of alternating polarity has proved to be advantageous in the context of the present invention, as this additional information about the amount of positively charged and negatively charged particles contained in the gas stream can be determined.
  • the particle addition is not only between the
  • Electrodes 1, 1 '; 2, 2 '; 3, 3 '; 4, 4 'of a pair of electrodes 11; 12; 13; 14 (that is, in the electrode pair gap 6), but also between two adjacent electrodes 1, 2; 2, 3; 3, 4; 1 ', 2'; 2 ', 3'; 3 ', 4', which are located on the same side of the beam S / X, have a different polarity and thereby different electrode pairs 11; 12; 13; 14 belong.
  • Figure Ic illustrates such a third embodiment of a sensor according to the invention with one of electrode pair 11; 12; 13; 14 to electrode pair 11; 12; 13; 14 along a beam Sl of alternating polarity.
  • Electrodes of a pair of electrodes 11; 12; 13; 14 or a neighboring electrode pair 1001; 1002; 1003; 1001 '; 1002 '; 1003 ' represent potential particle paths resulting from particle attachment.
  • To prevent particle attachment between a neighboring electrode pair 1001; 1002; 1003; 1001 '; 1002 '; 1003 ' it is necessary that between the electrodes 1, 2; 2, 3; 3, 4; 1%
  • the sensor according to the invention therefore comprises, in addition to the voltage measuring and / or current measuring devices 301; 302; 303; 304 of the electrode pairs 11; 12; 13; 14 additional voltage measuring and / or current measuring devices 501, 501 '; 502, 502 '; 503, 503 'for the adjacent electrode pairs 1001; 1002; 1003; 1001 '; 1002 '; 1003 '.
  • some parameters A, B, C, D, E of the configuration of the electrode system illustrated in FIG. 1 d can be varied in order to determine the size distribution of particles in one
  • the distance between the electrodes 1, 1 '; 2, 2 '; 3, 3 '; 4, 4 'of a pair of electrodes 11; 12; 13; 14 (electrode pair gap distance) A, the electrode width B, the distance between adjacent electrode pairs C and / or the electrode length D are varied independently from one electrode pair to the next electrode pair.
  • the length of the entire electrode system E and the number of electrodes n for example from 1 to n, can be varied.
  • FIG. 1 d shows a schematic illustration of a fourth embodiment of a sensor according to the invention, which differs from the first one in FIG.
  • Figure 1a mainly distinguished by the fact that between the two electrodes 1, 1 '; 2, 2 '; 3, 3 '; 4, 4 'of a pair of electrodes 11; 12; 13; 14 electrode pair gap distance A from electrode pair to electrode pair steadily increased. Alone by this change in the electrode pair gap distance A is an inventive determination of the size distribution of particles in one
  • the third embodiment shown in FIG. 1 d do not necessarily each include a variable series resistor 401; 402; 403; 404 for each pair of electrodes 11; 12; 13; 14 or each a power supply device 201;
  • the electrode pairs 11; 12; 13; 14 are connected such that on all pairs of electrodes 11; 12; 13; 14 the same voltage is applied.
  • Particle size for the particle charge of a particle the sooner the particle is deposited on the last of the gas flow overflowed electrode pairs 13, 14 at.
  • the electrode system according to the invention can be designed such that the electrode pair gap distance A, the electrode width B, the distance between adjacent electrode pairs C and / or the electrode length D of Electrode pair to electrode pair along a beam Xl / Sl increased or decreased, for example, steadily increased or steadily reduced.
  • a variation of the design parameters electrode pair gap distance A, the electrode width B, the distance between adjacent electrode pairs C and / or the electrode length D of the electrode system can be performed mirror-symmetrically or asymmetrically with respect to the beam S / X passing through the electrode pair gaps.
  • 1d shows, for example, a fourth embodiment according to the invention of a sensor according to the invention with asymmetrically arranged electrode pairs 11 with respect to a beam X1 passing through the pair of electrode gaps 6; 12; 13; 14 or electrodes 1, 1 '; 2, 2 '; 3, 3 '; 4, 4 '.
  • FIG. 1 e shows a schematic representation of a fifth embodiment of a sensor according to the invention, which differs from the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 1 d in that the arrangement of the electrode pairs 11; 12; 13; 14 or electrodes 1, 1 '; 2, 2 '; 3, 3 '; 4, 4 'is symmetrical with respect to the beam Sl passing through the pair of electrodes 6.
  • the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 1 d and the fifth embodiment according to the invention shown in FIG. 1 e as well as in other embodiments according to the invention have the design parameters A, B, C and / or D of the electrode pairs can be varied, each pair of electrodes 11; 12; 13, 14 to a separate power supply device 201; 202; 203; 204 and / or to a separate variable resistor 401; 402; 403; 404 can be connected.
  • the electrode system according to the invention can be designed such that the electrode pair gap distance A, the electrode width B, the distance between adjacent electrode pairs C and / or the electrode length D of the individual electrode pairs 11; 12; 13; 14 along a beam Xl / Sl individually on the Maximum and the minima of the Gaussian distribution is adjusted.
  • FIG. 1 f is a schematic representation of a sixth embodiment of a sensor according to the invention.
  • the electrode system according to the invention can be designed such that the electrode pair gap distance A, the electrode width
  • the distance between adjacent pairs of electrodes C and / or the electrode length D of the individual pairs of electrodes along a beam Xl / Sl is adjusted individually to the maxima and the minimum / minimum of the bimodal or multimodal distribution, whereby a more accurate resolution of the relevant areas of a bimodal or multimodal size distribution is possible.
  • FIG. 1 g is a schematic representation of a seventh embodiment of a sensor according to the invention.
  • Figure 1h shows a schematic representation of an eighth embodiment of a sensor according to the invention, which differs from the first, shown in Fig. Ia, the first embodiment differs in that arranged on one side of the beam Xl electrodes of four adjacent pairs of electrodes 11; 12; 13; 14 as one
  • Electrode formed 1 are.
  • the spaced-apart electrodes 1 '; 2 '; 3 '; 4 ' is a different polarity than the arranged on the other side of the beam Xl electrode 1 and thus each form an inventive electrode pair 11; 12; 13; 14 with the electrode 1 located on the other side of the beam Xl.
  • Figure 2a shows a schematic representation of a ninth embodiment of a sensor according to the invention with an electrode system in the electrode pair along radial rays, in particular along eight rays, Sl; S2; S3; S4; S5; S6; S7; S8 are arranged.
  • beam is understood to mean only those imaginary straight lines which are bounded on one side by the point P and extend on the other side to infinity, which extend between electrodes having a different polarity All other notional straight lines, which are bounded on one side by the point P and on the other side into the., and have on a common voltage measuring and / or current measuring device
  • Figure 2a shows that the beam Sl; S2; S3; S4; S5; S6; S7; S8 lie in the plane of the electrode / electrode pairs and extend radially from a common point P such that all adjacent beams Sl; S2; S3; S4; S5; S6; S7; S8 include the same angle.
  • each of the eight streams Sl; S2; S3; S4; S5; S6; S7; S8 are each four electrode pairs 11, 12, 13, 14 to 81, 82, 83, 84 arranged such that the respective beam (for example, Sl) in each case between the two electrodes (for example, 1, 1 ', 2, 2'; 3 ', 4, 4') of the electrode pairs arranged on it (for example 11, 12, 13, 14).
  • the electrodes (for example 1, 1 ', 2, 2', 3 ', 3', 4 ', 4') arranged to the two sides of a beam (for example S 1) are mirror-symmetrical to one another, the beam (for example S 1) being the axis of symmetry represents.
  • FIG. 2 a shows that at all the beams S 1; S2; S3; S4; S5; S6; S7; S8 the same number of electrode pairs n is arranged.
  • FIG. 2a shows that the electrode pairs 11; 21; 31; 41; 51; 61; 71; 81, which on the respective symmetry beams Sl; S2; S3; S4; S5; S6; S7; S8 represent the first pair of electrodes counted outwards from the point P, that is, which form the innermost electrode pair circle, have the same configuration and the same distance with respect to the point P.
  • the second 12; 22; 32; 42; 52; 62; 72; 82 third 13; 23; 33; 43; 53; 63; 73; 83 and fourth 14; 24; 34; 44;
  • radial electrode system with several, in particular eight, beams Sl; S2; S3; S4; S5; S6; S7; S8 is based on the same construction and measuring principle as the electrode systems explained in FIGS. 1a to 1h with only one jet S1 / X1. If, for example, only the electrode pairs 11 are considered; 12; 13, 14 and the symmetry beam Sl and fades the remaining seven symmetry beam S2; S3; S4; S5; S6; S7; S8 and the electrode pairs 21, 22, 23, 24 to 81, 82, 83, 84 arranged thereon, the result is an electrode arrangement which is analogous to that in FIGS
  • Ia to Ih is shown electrode arrangement.
  • the parameters (A, B, C, D, E, n, voltage) explained in connection with FIGS. 1a to 1h can therefore also be varied analogously in the case of a radial electrode system according to the invention.
  • Such a radial electrode system according to the invention is suitable for a
  • Stagnation point flow is understood to mean the flow of an electrode system perpendicular to the plane of the electrode system, as shown in Figure 2a, for a stagnation point inflow the electrode pair gaps must be arranged essentially radially symmetrically around the stagnation point Therefore, when flowing through a radial electrode system shown in FIG. 2 a, the gas flow should be oriented so that the stagnation point of the gas flow is at the point P.
  • FIG. 2b serves to illustrate a stagnation flow of the gas flow shown in FIG. 2a according to the invention, radial electrode system.
  • the gas flow striking the point P of the electrode system is deflected by the electrode system and / or the surface on which the electrode system is arranged in such a way that it flows radially outward from the point P and at the same time substantially parallel to the electrode system plane. Since the pairs of electrodes are radially aligned on the respective beams, the gas flow also flows parallel to the
  • FIG. 2c shows a schematic representation of a tenth embodiment of a sensor according to the invention with an electrode system in which electrode pairs are arranged along radial beams S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6.
  • the electrode system shown in Fig. 2c differs from the electrode system shown in Fig. 2a mainly in that the electrode polarity of an electrode row formed radially outward from the point P (for example, 1 ', 2', 3% 4 ') to the adjacent from the point P radially outwardly formed electrode rows
  • beams S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6 run within the meaning of the present invention, on which pairs of electrodes according to the invention are arranged, between which particles can accumulate, and shows by way of example the wiring of the outer
  • Electrodes In order to be able to detect the particle attachment, it is necessary that in each case between all adjacent electrodes of an electrode circuit, a voltage and / or current measurement is possible. This can be realized, on the one hand, by connecting all adjacent electrodes of an electrode circuit in pairs to a separate voltage measuring and / or current measuring device, which, however, results in a large number of voltage measuring and / or current measuring devices and thus a complicated and expensive construction.
  • this can be realized by interconnecting all the electrodes of an electrode circuit with negative polarity and in each case all electrodes of an electrode circuit with positive polarity and to a common voltage measuring and / or current measuring device (301, 302, 303 not shown for clarity) 304 are connected.
  • a common voltage measuring and / or current measuring device 301, 302, 303 not shown for clarity
  • the beams S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6 extend in a manner analogous to the ninth embodiment shown in FIG. 2a in such a way radially from a common point P that all adjacent beams S1; S2; S3; S4; S5; S6 enclose the same angle.
  • Sl; S2; S3; S4; S5; S6 are each four electrode pairs 11, 12,
  • one electrode is a component of two electrode pairs. That is, an electrode disposed between a first and a second beam forms a first electrode pair with an electrode of the same electrode circuit arranged on the other side of the first beam and a second electrode pair with an electrode of the same electrode circuit arranged on the other side of the second beam.
  • the electrode V forms both a pair of electrodes 11 with the electrode 1 and a pair of electrodes 41 with the electrode Ia.
  • the voltage measuring and / or current measuring devices 304 the voltage measuring and / or current measuring devices, power supply device (s) and / or series resistors and electrical
  • Figure 2d shows a schematic representation of an eleventh embodiment of a sensor according to the invention with an electrode system are arranged in the pair of electrodes along six radial beams.
  • Electrodes correspond to those in FIG. 2 c, but are not repeated in FIG. 2 d for reasons of clarity.
  • the electrode system shown in Fig. 2d differs from the electrode system shown in Fig. 2c mainly in that in addition to the alternating
  • Voltage measuring and / or current measuring device (not shown) is connected.
  • the sensor according to the invention therefore comprises, in addition to the voltage measuring and / or current measuring device of the electrode pairs according to the invention (for example
  • additional voltage measuring and / or current measuring device for the adjacent electrode pairs according to the invention (for example 1001, 1002, 1003).
  • all the electrodes of a negative polarity electrode circuit and all electrodes of a positive polarity electrode circuit can be interconnected and connected to a common voltage measuring and / or current measuring device.
  • each of the six streams Sl; S2; S3; S4; S5; S6 are each four electrode pairs 11, 12, 13, 14 to 61, 62, 63, 64 arranged such that the respective beam (for example, Sl) in each case between the two electrodes (for example, 1, 1 ';
  • one electrode is part of two electrode pairs and one or two adjacent electrode pairs.
  • an electrode disposed between a first and a second beam forms the same with an electrode disposed on the other side of the first beam Electrode circuit, a first pair of electrodes, with an arranged on the other side of the second beam electrode of the same electrode circuit, a second pair of electrodes and with an arranged on the same side of the first beam electrode of an adjacent electrode circle, a first adjacent electrode pair and / or with one on the same side of the first beam disposed electrode of the other adjacent
  • the electrode 2 ' forms a pair of electrodes 12 with the electrode 2, a pair of electrodes 42 with the electrode 2a, a neighboring electrode pair 1001' with the electrode 1 and a neighboring electrode pair 1002 'with the electrode 3.
  • FIG. 2e shows a schematic representation of a twelfth embodiment of a sensor according to the invention, which differs from the tenth embodiment shown in FIG. 2c mainly in that each of the electrodes arranged on one side of a beam (for example X1) consists of four adjacent (for example 11; 12, 13, 14) electrode pairs are formed as one electrode (for example 1).
  • the electrodes arranged on the other side of the beam for example 1 ', 2', 3 ', 4'
  • the spaced-apart electrodes for example 1 ', 2', 3 ', 4'
  • overlap have separate voltage measuring and / or current measuring device.
  • all electrodes for example 1 ', 1a', 1b ', 1c'
  • a common voltage measuring and / or current measuring device arranged electrodes (for example, 1 ', 2', 3 ', 4') also have a different polarity than the electrode located on the other side of the respective beam (for example Xl)
  • each form an electrode pair according to the invention for example 11, 12, 13, 14
  • the electrode for example 1 located on the other side of the respective beam (for example X1).
  • Figure 2f shows a schematic representation of a thirteenth embodiment of a sensor according to the invention, extending from the ninth, tenth and eleventh, in Fig. 2a, 2c and 2d differs mainly in that the radial beams have a different number of pairs of electrodes arranged thereon.
  • Such an embodiment of the electrode system according to the invention has proven to be advantageous in that way as the area required for the electrode system can be optimally utilized.
  • Figure 2g shows a schematic representation of a fourteenth embodiment of a sensor according to the invention, which differs from the ninth, tenth, eleventh and thirteenth embodiment shown in Fig. 2a, 2c, 2d and 2f mainly differs in that arranged on the radial beams via electrodes two opposite sections of the circle 2001; 2002, between these circular cut-off electrode-free circular cutouts 3001; 3002 lie.
  • this also allows the electrode system to be adapted to the available area.
  • such an arrangement of circular sections 2001; 2002 with respect to the production proved to be advantageous, since the use of screen printing process, the production of narrow structures which are arranged perpendicular to the Siebdruckrackraum, difficult.
  • Figure 2h shows a schematic representation of a fifteenth embodiment of a sensor according to the invention, which differs from the ninth, tenth, eleventh, thirteenth and fourteenth embodiment shown in Fig. 2a, 2c, 2d, 2f and 2g mainly characterized in that the number and configuration of on two opposite sections of the circle 2001; 2002 arranged electrodes differ from each other.
  • such a configuration is due to an optimization of the electrode system surface as well as due to the
  • the present invention relates to a sensor for detecting the size distribution of particles in a gas stream, comprising - an electrode system having at least three in-plane electrodes,
  • At least one power supply device and - At least one voltage measuring and / or current measuring device characterized in that
  • two electrodes of different polarity form a pair of electrodes in the electrode system, the pairs of electrodes being arranged along a notional jet lying in the plane of the electrodes such that the beam extends in each case between the two electrodes of an electrode pair,
  • the electrode pairs arranged along the beam are connected to at least one voltage measuring and / or current measuring device such that the voltage and / or the current flow between each electrode pair can be determined individually.
  • the pairs of electrodes arranged along the beam can be connected to at least one voltage measuring and / or current measuring device such that the voltage and / or the current flow between each individual electrode pair can be determined by each pair of electrodes arranged along the beam being connected to a separate voltage measuring and / or measuring device. or current measuring device is connected; and / or a plurality of electrode pairs arranged along the beam are connected via a switch to a common voltage measuring and / or current measuring device, wherein the switch is switched between the individual electrode pairs in order to determine the voltage and / or the current flow of each individual pair of electrodes.
  • such a switch may be a relay.
  • the term "beam” is understood to mean a geometric beam, that is to say a fictitious straight line, which is bounded on one side, for example from the point P, and extends on the other side to infinity
  • the term “beam” is understood to mean only those geometrical beams which extend between electrodes having a different polarity and via a common beam Have voltage measuring and / or current measuring device and thereby represent an inventive electrode pair.
  • a different polarity of the two electrodes of an electrode pair is understood to mean that a potential difference exists between the two electrodes of an electrode pair.
  • the potential difference between the two electrodes of a pair of electrodes may, for example, be zero to plus, plus to minus, minus to zero, plus to higher plus or minus to stronger minus.
  • particles is understood as meaning solid and / or liquid conductive particles, for example conductive particles and / or droplets, in particular carbon black particles, for example semiconducting carbon.
  • the invention is based on the principle that the location of the attachment of particles to the electrodes depends on the size, mass and charge of the particles and the particles in the gas stream at
  • An electrode system may have at least two beams lying in the plane of the electrodes, which extend radially from a common point P and along which pairs of electrodes are arranged such that the respective beam extends in each case between the two electrodes of the electrode pairs arranged on it.
  • the at least two beams can be radial in such a way from the common point P that all adjacent beams are approximately the same
  • angular deviation can be up to 30%, for example up to 20%, in particular up to 15%.
  • the at least two beams lying in the plane of the electrodes can extend radially from a common point P in such a way that the electrodes arranged thereon extend over two, for example opposite, cutouts of one extend substantially round surface, wherein between these cutouts are electrode-free faces.
  • the electrode system according to the invention has at least two beams which extend radially from a common point P, those have
  • Electrode pairs along the respective beams are the first, second, ... or n-th pairs of electrodes, each having substantially the same configuration and / or the same distance with respect to the point P, wherein the numbering of the electrode pairs from the point P starting radially away.
  • the electrode pairs which are arranged along the respective beams extending radially from a common point P as respective first, second, third,... N-th pairs of electrodes, are also used as electrode pairs of the first, second, third , ... n-th electrode circuit called. Therefore, those electrode pairs based on the same invention
  • Electrode circuit are arranged, each having substantially the same configuration and / or the same distance with respect to the point P.
  • essentially deviations from the absolute symmetry or parallelism may amount to up to 30%, for example up to 20%, in particular up to 15%.
  • those electrode pairs which are the first, second,... Or n-th electrode pairs along the respective beams can be used in the context of the present invention are each connected to a common voltage measuring and / or current measuring device and / or power supply device, wherein the numbering of the electrode pairs takes place starting from the point P radially outward.
  • the same number of electrode pairs n can be arranged along all the beams in the context of the present invention.
  • the two electrodes of a pair of electrodes arranged along a beam can each be designed and / or arranged substantially mirror-symmetrically to one another, wherein the beam extending between the two electrodes of an electrode pair forms the mirror axis.
  • the mutually facing surfaces of the electrodes of a pair of electrodes are arranged substantially parallel to each other.
  • Electrode pairs arranged along a beam are preferably arranged substantially parallel to one another along the symmetry beam.
  • the electrodes of the electrode pairs are preferably designed such that those surfaces of the electrodes, which face the adjacent electrode pairs, extend substantially parallel to the surfaces of the adjacent electrode pairs. That is, preferably, the mutually facing surfaces of the electrodes of a neighboring electrode pair are arranged substantially parallel to each other.
  • two or more electrodes disposed on one side of a beam may be formed as one electrode, and the electrodes disposed on the other side of the beam are spaced apart from each other, a polarity other than the electrode disposed on the one side of the beam exhibit.
  • the electrodes arranged on the other side of the beam form in each case a pair of electrodes with the electrode arranged on one side of the beam, the pairs of electrodes arranged along the beam being connected to at least one voltage measuring and / or current measuring device such that the voltage and / or or the current flow between each electrode pair can be determined individually.
  • each electrode pair arranged along the beam in particular each of the electrodes arranged at a distance from one another on the other side of the beam, can be connected to a separate voltage measuring and / or current measuring device; and / or a plurality of electrode pairs arranged along the beam, in particular a plurality of electrodes arranged at a distance from one another on the other side of the beam, can be connected via a switch to a common voltage measuring and / or current measuring device, the switch being switched between the individual electrode pairs determine the voltage and / or current flow of each pair of electrodes.
  • This manner of designing an electrode system according to the invention can be carried out both in a single-beam electrode system according to the invention and in a multi-beam electrode system according to the invention.
  • An electrode system according to the invention may comprise at least four, for example at least five, six, seven, eight, nine or ten in-plane electrodes.
  • At least three, for example at least four or at least five, in particular at least six or at least seven pairs of electrodes may be arranged along a beam according to the invention. That is to say, if the electrode system according to the invention has a beam lying in the plane of the electrodes, then at least three, for example at least four or five, in particular at least six or seven pairs of electrodes can be arranged along this beam such that the beam respectively between the two electrodes of a Pair of electrodes runs.
  • the electrode system according to the invention has a plurality of beams extending in the plane of the electrodes and extending from a common point P, at least three, for example at least four or five, in particular at least six or seven pairs of electrodes can be arranged along these beams such that the respective one Beam in each case between the two electrodes of the electrode pairs arranged on it runs.
  • an electrode system according to the invention may, for example, have at least three, for example at least four or five or six or seven or eight beams lying in the plane of the electrodes and extending from a common point P.
  • the electrode pair gap distance (distance between the two electrodes of an electrode pair) may be the same for each electrode pair, or the electrode pair gap distance may vary for each electrode pair of a beam. Since large particles bridge a distance with the same number of particles faster than small particles and the exceeding of a threshold by a pair of electrodes the regeneration of the entire electrode system result, it has been found in the present invention to design the electrode pair gap distance at each pair of electrodes such that in the case of the expected particle size distribution, all electrode pairs deliver and / or regenerate measurement results in the same time range.
  • the electrode pair gap distance of each pair of electrodes will be individually related to the distribution, such as peak / maximum and / or peak Minimum / minimum of distribution adjusted.
  • the electrode pair gap distance of each pair of electrodes will be individually related to the distribution, such as peak / maximum and / or peak Minimum / minimum of distribution adjusted.
  • Electrode pair gap distance in each pair of electrodes are selected such that this at the / n pair of electrodes / s where the maximum / maximum of the distribution is expected to have a greater distance than the other electrode pairs.
  • the electrode pair gap distance from the first electrode pair to the electrode pair at which the particle size fraction is detected which corresponds to the maximum of the Gaussian distribution, of an electrode pair row arranged on a beam increases continuously and from this the Gaussian distribution maximum corresponding electrode pair to the last electrode pair of a pair of electrodes arranged on a beam continuously reduced.
  • the electrode pair gap distance from the first electrode pair to the middle electrode pair of an electrode pair row arranged on a beam can steadily increase and steadily decrease from the middle electrode pair to the last electrode pair of an electrode pair row arranged on a beam.
  • the electrode system according to the invention can be configured in such a way that the electrode pair gap distance increases or decreases continuously along a beam.
  • the electrodes may have a uniform electrode width, or the electrode width may vary with each electrode pair of a beam.
  • a large electrode width advantageously leads to a stronger signal, but is accompanied by a broader spectrum of the accumulating particles and thus with a smaller size resolution.
  • the distance between the electrode pairs may be equidistant in a sensor according to the invention or may be different between each pair of adjacent electrode pairs of a beam.
  • the electrodes may have a uniform electrode length or the electrode length can vary with each electrode pair of a beam.
  • the electrode widths and / or electrode lengths and / or the distances between the electrode pairs are adapted to the expected particle size distribution and / or flow rate. That is, the electrode widths and / or electrode lengths of the individual electrode pairs and / or the
  • Distances between the electrode pairs are adjusted individually to the course of the expected particle size distribution, for example to the maximum / maximum and / or the minimum / minimum of the particle size distribution.
  • the power supply can in the context of the present invention on two different
  • Electrode system can be guaranteed.
  • it is advantageous to regulate the division of the size fractions by adapting the voltages applied to the electrode pairs during operation and to be able to adapt the measurement to the gas flow velocity.
  • the application of different and adaptable voltages can be effected according to the invention by connecting two or more electrode pairs to their own power supply device and / or by connecting two or more pairs of electrodes to a common power supply device, wherein the electrode pairs each have their own series resistor
  • this combination of a series resistor and a voltage measuring device connected in parallel serves both as a voltage measuring and / or current measuring device according to the invention and as a series resistor according to the invention, since from a voltage drop measurement on a known series resistor advantageously the electrical resistance, the current flow through the particle paths can be calculated.
  • Each electrode of the electrode system preferably has its own line for connection to the voltage supply, voltage measuring and / or current measuring device common to at least the electrode pair partner.
  • Electrodes are placed on a common potential. Such a connection has the advantage that thereby the number of lines can be reduced.
  • the two electrodes of an electrode pair of the electrode system are respectively connected to the voltage supply device in such a way that they have a different polarity relative to one another.
  • the voltage supply device (s) can be connected to the respective electrode pairs in such a way that a potential of the same polarity is applied to the electrodes which are arranged on the same side of a beam.
  • the electrode system according to the invention is an inventive radial electrode system
  • Power supply device (s) may be connected to the pairs of electrodes of the respective beams such that all adjacent electrodes arranged on different beams have the same polarity.
  • the Voltage supply device (s), however, also be connected to the pairs of electrodes of the respective beams such that the polarity of a row of electrodes radially outwardly from the point P alternates with the adjacent electrode rows formed radially outward from the point P.
  • those electrodes which are arranged on the same side of a beam may have a different polarity.
  • the polarity of the electrode pairs may alternate along the beam.
  • the particle deposition takes place not only between the electrodes of a pair of electrodes, but also between two adjacent, arranged on the same side of a beam electrodes of different polarity, which are referred to in the context of the present invention as a neighboring electrode pair.
  • each neighboring electrode pair is connected to at least one voltage measuring and / or current measuring device such that the voltage and / or the current flow between each adjacent electrode pair can be determined individually a neighbor electrode pair is a pair of two adjacent electrodes of different polarity arranged on the same side of a beam.
  • a neighbor electrode pair is a pair of two adjacent electrodes of different polarity arranged on the same side of a beam.
  • each adjacent electrode pair may be connected to its own voltage measuring and / or current measuring device; and / or a plurality of neighboring electrode pairs can be connected via a switch to a common voltage measuring and / or current measuring device, wherein the switch is switched between the individual neighboring electrode pairs in order to determine the voltage and / or the current flow of each individual neighboring electrode pair.
  • an evaluation device is connected to the voltage and / or current measuring devices.
  • a sensor according to the invention may comprise a control device for controlling the voltage supply device (s) and / or variable series resistors, which can be used to apply individual voltages to the individual electrode pairs on the basis of data on the expected particle size distribution and / or the
  • a sensor according to the invention may comprise a heating device and / or a temperature measuring device.
  • the electrodes according to the invention may comprise a metal such as platinum, copper, silver, gold, iron,
  • the electrodes comprise platinum.
  • a sensor according to the invention may further comprise at least one protective tube which directs the gas flow parallel to the plane of the electrode system and parallel to the symmetry beam (s).
  • Another object of the present invention is a method for detecting the size distribution of particles in a gas stream with a sensor according to the invention by a voltage is applied to the electrode pairs of the electrode system or to the electrode pairs of the electrode system in each case independent voltages are applied, wherein accumulate particles in that the change in the voltage and / or the current and / or the electrical resistance between the two electrodes of a pair of electrodes at each pair of electrodes resulting from particle accumulation is measured individually and the size distribution of the particles and / or the particle concentration and / or the particle mass flow are evaluated by evaluating the Changes in the voltage and / or the current and / or the electrical resistance of the respective pairs of electrodes is determined.
  • each of the electrode pairs of the electrode system has the advantage that the division of the attached to the respective electrode pairs particle size fractions can be easily, quickly and selectively adjusted by targeted adjustment of the respective voltages. Therefore, in the context of the inventive method to the electrode pairs of the electrode system in each case independent voltages can be applied so that each voltage applied to a pair of electrodes for each pair of electrodes is individually adapted to the expected particle size distribution and / or the gas flow rate.
  • Electrode pairs applied voltages adjusted so that deliver all the electrode pairs in the same time range measurement results and / or regenerated at the expected particle size distribution.
  • the voltages applied respectively to the electrode pairs become independent of each other in the course of the distribution, for example to the maximum / maximum and / or adjusted the minimum / minimum of the distribution.
  • the voltages applied to the electrode pairs are adjusted so that on the / the one
  • Electrode pair / s where the maximum / maximum of the distribution is expected, a lower voltage is applied than at the other electrode pairs.
  • Pair of electrodes to the middle electrode pair of a pair of electrodes arranged on a beam steadily sink and steadily rise from the middle pair of electrodes to the last pair of electrodes of a pair of electrodes arranged on a beam.
  • the voltages applied respectively to the electrode pairs are adjusted in such a way that the voltage applied to the electrode pairs continuously changes from electrode pair to electrode pair, that is, increases continuously or shrink.
  • Electrode pairs of a beam are applied so that arranged on the same side of a beam electrodes have the same polarity. In the context of the method according to the invention, however, voltages can also be applied to the electrode pairs of a beam in such a way that the polarity of the electrode pairs alternates along the beam.
  • voltages may be applied to the electrode pairs of two or more beams so that all the adjacent electrodes arranged on different beams have the same polarity.
  • the voltages may also be applied to the electrode pairs of two or more beams such that the polarity of an electrode row formed radially outward from the point P alternates with the adjacent rows of electrodes formed radially outward from the point P.
  • voltages may be applied to the electrode pairs of a beam such that the polarity of the electrode pairs alternate along a beam.
  • the setting of mutually independent voltages on the electrode pairs can, as already explained, be carried out by each arranged along a beam
  • Electrode pair has its own power supply device or its own variable resistor.
  • the change of the voltage and / or the current and / or the electrical resistance between the two electrodes of a pair of electrodes in
  • the method of the invention has the advantage of allowing detection of the size distribution of particles in a gas stream in both a constant velocity gas stream and a variable velocity gas stream.
  • the voltage (s) at the electrode pairs of the electrode system are preferably applied constant.
  • each size fraction may shift from one pair of electrodes to an adjacent pair of electrodes.
  • the measurement can be performed with voltages applied constantly to the electrode pairs, and the change in gas velocity can be included as a correction factor in the evaluation, or the voltages applied to the electrode pairs of the electrode system, in particular directly, adapted to the change in gas velocity.
  • the adaptation of the voltages applied to the electrode pairs of the electrode system has the advantage that a displacement of the size fractions is avoided.
  • Another object of the present invention is the use of a sensor according to the invention and / or a method according to the invention in a workshop measuring device for emission analysis or in a measuring device for controlling the air quality or in soot-particle sensors, in particular soot-particle sensors for "on board diagnosis "(OBD), and / or to monitor the operation of a
  • Internal combustion engine such as a diesel engine, or an incinerator, such as an oil heater or a furnace, and / or to monitor the functioning of a particulate filter and / or monitoring the load condition of a particulate filter, such as a diesel particulate filter (DPF), or for monitoring of chemical manufacturing processes, exhaust air systems and / or exhaust aftertreatment systems.
  • a particulate filter such as a diesel particulate filter (DPF)
  • DPF diesel particulate filter

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un détecteur pour la détection de la granulométrie de particules dans un flux gazeux, comprenant un système d'électrodes doté d'au moins trois électrodes (1, 1'; 2, 2'; 3, 3'; 4, 4') situées dans un plan, d'au moins un dispositif d'alimentation en tension (201; 202; 203; 204) et d'au moins un dispositif de mesure de tension et/ou de mesure de courant (301; 302; 303; 304). Ledit détecteur est caractérisé en ce que, dans un système d'électrodes respectivement deux électrodes de polatirés différentes (1, 1'; 2, 2'; 3, 3'; 4, 4') forment une paire d'électrodes (11; 12; 13; 14), les paires d'électrodes (11; 12; 13; 14) étant disposées le long d'une ligne droite fictive (X1, S1) située dans le plan des électrodes, de telle façon que la ligne droite (X1, S1) s'étende respectivement entre les deux électrodes (1, 1'; 2, 2'; 3, 3'; 4, 4') d'une paire d'électrodes (11; 12; 13; 14), les paires d'électrodes (11; 12; 13; 14) disposées le long de la ligne droite (X1; S1) étant reliées à au moins un dispositif de mesure de tension et/ou un dispositif de mesure de courant (301; 302; 303; 304) de sorte que la tension et/ou le courant électrique entre chaque paire d'électrodes (11; 12; 13; 14) puisse être déterminé individuellement. L'invention concerne un procédé et son utilisation.
EP08775024A 2007-07-17 2008-07-11 Détecteur, procédé et leur utilisation pour la détection de la granulométrie de particules dans un flux gazeux Withdrawn EP2171426A1 (fr)

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DE200710033215 DE102007033215A1 (de) 2007-07-17 2007-07-17 Sensor, Verfahren sowie deren Verwendung zur Detektion der Größenverteilung von Teilchen in einem Gasstrom
PCT/EP2008/059107 WO2009010471A1 (fr) 2007-07-17 2008-07-11 Détecteur, procédé et leur utilisation pour la détection de la granulométrie de particules dans un flux gazeux

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DE102009029518A1 (de) * 2009-09-16 2011-03-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Anordnung und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung
DE102010054669A1 (de) * 2010-12-15 2012-06-21 Continental Automotive Gmbh Sensorvorrichtung

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GB2374671A (en) * 2001-04-18 2002-10-23 Cambustion Ltd Methods to improve electrostatic particle measurement

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US3628139A (en) * 1970-06-11 1971-12-14 Ikor Inc Method and apparatus for sensing particulate matter
EP0644415A1 (fr) * 1993-09-17 1995-03-22 Applied Materials, Inc. Détection de particules par la mesure d'une décharge électrique
DE10133384A1 (de) 2001-07-10 2003-01-30 Bosch Gmbh Robert Sensor zur Detektion von Teilchen und Verfahren zu dessen Funktionskontrolle
DE10149333B4 (de) 2001-10-06 2007-06-28 Robert Bosch Gmbh Sensorvorrichtung zur Messung der Feuchtigkeit von Gasen
GB0320809D0 (en) * 2003-09-05 2003-10-08 Smiths Group Plc Particle detection

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GB2374671A (en) * 2001-04-18 2002-10-23 Cambustion Ltd Methods to improve electrostatic particle measurement

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