EP2166233B1 - Gradual action jack - Google Patents

Gradual action jack Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2166233B1
EP2166233B1 EP08290872A EP08290872A EP2166233B1 EP 2166233 B1 EP2166233 B1 EP 2166233B1 EP 08290872 A EP08290872 A EP 08290872A EP 08290872 A EP08290872 A EP 08290872A EP 2166233 B1 EP2166233 B1 EP 2166233B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
chamber
actuator
actuator according
housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP08290872A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2166233A1 (en
Inventor
Nicolas Caillaut
Xavier Vilars
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nexter Munitions SA
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Nexter Munitions SA
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Publication date
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Priority to EP08290872A priority Critical patent/EP2166233B1/en
Publication of EP2166233A1 publication Critical patent/EP2166233A1/en
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Publication of EP2166233B1 publication Critical patent/EP2166233B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/19—Pyrotechnical actuators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/20—Other details, e.g. assembly with regulating devices
    • F15B15/204—Control means for piston speed or actuating force without external control, e.g. control valve inside the piston

Definitions

  • the technical sector of the present invention is that of pyrotechnic devices and more particularly actuators actuated by pyrotechnics.
  • emergency opening devices are provided for certain buildings or vehicles (especially on board aircraft). These devices use pneumatic cylinders, hydraulic or pyrotechnic. Pneumatic and hydraulic cylinders have the disadvantage of being subject to leakage problems, which requires special monitoring and maintenance. Storing the fluid and maintaining pressure of certain elements is also a drawback. Known pyrotechnic cylinders, such as FR 2 167 270 , have the disadvantage of operating violently, which can lead to the destruction of the opening door.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a pyrotechnic jack with progressive action and / or timed not having the disadvantages mentioned above.
  • the invention therefore relates to a jack of the type comprising a pyrotechnic gas generator and comprising a cylindrical cylinder body, in which slides a rod integral with a piston, said piston defining a first chamber and a second chamber, characterized that the piston comprises at least one vent allowing the calibrated passage of the gas generated by the generator between the two chambers.
  • the pyrotechnic gas generator is carried by the piston.
  • the piston comprises holes allowing the passage of gas between the pyrotechnic gas generator and the first chamber.
  • the piston has a first face in contact with the first chamber and a second face in contact with the second chamber, the surface of the second face being greater than the surface of the first face.
  • the piston comprises at its end a peripheral ring.
  • the ring device comprises removable securing means for making the peripheral ring integral with the piston and / or the cylinder body.
  • a removable fastening means is in the form of a locking piston provided with two opposite fingers, a first finger being intended to cooperate with a housing in the piston and a second finger opposite the first finger, being intended to cooperate with at least one housing in the cylinder body, a spring providing a radial thrust of the locking piston to the cylinder body.
  • the locking piston defines two enclosures, a first chamber being connected to the first chamber and a second chamber being connected to the second chamber.
  • the second housing of the cylinder body will have a depth greater than that of the first housing, the depth of the second housing being chosen so that, when the second finger is engaged in the second housing, the first finger is will find clear of the housing of the piston.
  • the jack may comprise a compression spring interposed between a cap of the cylinder body and the piston.
  • the jack comprises means for evacuating gases to the outside of the jack.
  • a first advantage of the cylinder according to the invention lies in the fact that it provides a gradual effort and timed.
  • Another advantage lies in the fact that after being actuated, the cylinder rod can be repositioned in its initial position.
  • the figure 1a is a sectional view illustrating a first embodiment of a pyrotechnic cylinder according to the invention for actuating an aircraft door.
  • the pyrotechnic jack consists of a cylinder body 1 cylindrical, having a bore in which slides a rod 2, in the extension of which is fixed (for example by screwing) a piston 5 whose end has a shoulder 13 of diameter substantially equal to the inside diameter of the cylinder body 1.
  • the cylinder body 1 will be, for example, connected to the door of the aircraft and the rod 2 will be integral with the cabin of the aircraft (no represented), for example by means of a connecting rod or a ball joint (not shown).
  • the bore of the cylinder body 1 comprises an internal collar 17, of internal diameter substantially equal to the outer diameter of the rod 2, to ensure the centering between the cylinder body 1 and the rod 2. Moreover, the seal will be provided by one or more O-rings 29 secured to the flange 17 and applied against the rod 2 of the jack.
  • a pyrotechnic gas generator 4 and an initiator 3 are carried by the piston 5.
  • the shoulder 13 of the piston 5 delimits, with the cylinder body 1, a first chamber A and a second chamber B.
  • the shoulder 13 will carry one or several O-rings 30 which will be applied against the cylinder body 1 and which will seal at this level between the two chambers A and B defined by the piston 5.
  • the cylinder body 1 On the side of the chamber A, the rod 2 and the seal or seals carried by the inner collar 17 seal.
  • the cylinder body 1 On the side of the chamber B, the cylinder body 1 is closed by a plug 9, a tubular portion 14 is inserted into the chamber B, thus preventing any translation of the piston 5 to the plug 9.
  • the tubular portion may advantageously be threaded to also ensure the connection between the plug 9 and the cylinder body 1.
  • the piston 5 also comprises a particle filter 8 and holes 12 for expanding the gases generated by the generator 4 in the first chamber A.
  • the shoulder 13 of the piston comprises at least one vent 11 allowing the calibrated passage of the gas generated between the chamber A and the chamber B.
  • the or vents may affect the form of nozzles or venturis to improve the passage of gases.
  • the rod 2 comprises oblique channels 15 opening into the chamber A and oriented towards the front of the rod 2.
  • the rod 2 also comprises a collar 16 constituting an abutment limiting the translation of the rod 2 in the cylinder body 1.
  • the piston 5 has a first face SA in contact with the first chamber A and a second face SB in contact with the second chamber B.
  • the second face SB has a surface greater than the surface of the first face SA.
  • the figure 1b is a partial sectional view illustrating the same embodiment as that described in connection with the figure 1a , but after actuation of the cylinder, that is when its rod 2 has moved. It can be distinguished in this view that the collar 16 of the rod 2 abuts against the collar 17 of the cylinder body 1 and that the oblique channels 15 open out of the cylinder.
  • the pyrotechnic gas generator 4 is integral with the piston rod 2 and the gases it generates are directed firstly towards the first chamber A and not to the second chamber B which is nevertheless that in which it is normally necessary to introduce a gas pressure to cause the output of the rod of the cylinder.
  • An increase in pressure in the first chamber A leads indeed to push the rod of the jack against the plug 9.
  • the actuator is then actuated by an electrical signal to the initiator 3 which triggers the generation of gas by the pyrotechnic generator 4.
  • the generated gas diffuses through the particulate filter 8 and then passes through the bores 12 in order to penetrate the first chamber A.
  • the pressure in the chamber A is then greater than the pressure of the chamber B.
  • the piston 5 is blocked by the plug 9 and therefore remains stationary. Because of the pressure difference, the gas from the chamber A enters the chamber B by the or the vents 11.
  • the latter are sized to calibrate the gas flow.
  • the pressure in chamber B increases as the pressure in chamber A decreases.
  • the forces applied to the piston 5 by the pressures in the chambers A and B evolve until, due to the difference in surfaces of the faces SA and SB of the piston, the force FB applied to the face SB is greater than the FA effort applied on the SA face.
  • the piston 5 and the rod 2 then move in the direction of the force FB, until the collar 16 is in contact with the inner collar 17.
  • the channels 15 allow communication between the chamber A and the outside of the cylinder.
  • the generated gases are evacuated and the rod 2 of the cylinder can then be manually depressed to close the door. It will be noted that, even when the piston 5 moves, the generated gases continue to move from the chamber A to the chamber B, thus increasing the force FB, which makes it possible to produce a jack with a timed and progressive operation.
  • the diameter of the or vents 11 is chosen according to the desired time for the start of operation of the cylinder from its initiation.
  • the figure 2 illustrates another embodiment of the invention.
  • the shoulder at the end of the piston 5 is replaced by a peripheral ring 6.
  • the peripheral ring 6 comprises removable securing means 7 (not visible in this figure) to make the peripheral ring 6 integral. of the piston 5 and / or the cylinder body 1.
  • removable securing means will be described more specifically in relation to the Figures 3a to 3c .
  • the tubular portion of the cap 9 has been replaced by a spring 18.
  • the ring 6 also includes the essential feature of the invention consisting of at least one vent 11 allowing the calibrated passage of a gas between the chamber A and room B.
  • This embodiment also comprises a pyrotechnic gas generator 4 and an initiator 3 carried by the piston 5.
  • the dotted line 6 is shown in its position IIIc at the end of the stroke, as described in connection with FIG. figure 3c .
  • the rod 2 is not in the initial position as visible on the figure 2 .
  • the rod 2 is secured to the ring 6 and is therefore driven by the movement of the ring.
  • the particle filter and the holes which allow the passage of the generated gases from the generator 4 to the first chamber A have not been shown but are also implemented.
  • the internal bore of the piston 1 has a cylindrical portion 28 of reduced diameter.
  • the diameter of the portion 28 is slightly greater than the diameter of the collar 16 to create a "rolling" effect when the rod 2 moves and the collar 16 engages in the bore of reduced diameter 28.
  • Such an embodiment advantageously allows to cause braking and damping of the rod 2 at the end of the race.
  • the spring 18 exerts a thrust on the piston 5 which is added to that generated by the differential gas pressure between the chambers A and B. This action of the spring 18 compensates for the complementary resisting force due to the braking of the rod 2 at the end of the race.
  • the Figure 3a to 3c illustrate the embodiment and operation of a removable fastening means.
  • the removable securing means 7 is disposed in a housing of the peripheral ring 6 and is in the form of a locking piston 7a provided with two opposite fingers 7b and 7c, a first finger 7b being adapted to cooperate with a housing 20 in the piston 5 and a second finger 7c, opposite the first finger 7b, being intended to cooperate with a first housing 19 and a second housing 21 (visible on the figure 3c ) in the cylinder body 1.
  • the locking piston 7a defines two enclosures 25 and 26 in the ring 6.
  • the first chamber 25 is connected to the first chamber A via a bore 22 and the second chamber 26 is connected to the second chamber B via a bore 23.
  • a spring 24 exerts a permanent force on the locking piston 7a in the direction of the cylinder body 1.
  • the housings 19, 20 and 21 may be in the form of holes or throats.
  • the embodiment in the form of grooves allows an angular offset of the piston relative to the cylinder body 1 without impairing the operation of the removable fastening means.
  • the figure 3a illustrates the detachable fastening means in the rest position, that is to say when the actuator is not actuated.
  • the fingers 7b and 7c are inserted into their respective housings 20 and 19 and thus hold integral the cylinder body 1, the peripheral ring 6 and the piston 5.
  • the force exerted by the spring 24 on the locking piston 7a is enough to maintain the second finger 7c in the first housing 19 of the cylinder body.
  • the figure 3b illustrates the detachable fastening means when the jack is actuated.
  • the gas pressure increases in the first chamber A (as described above), the generated gases enter the chamber 25 and move the locking piston 7a to the piston 5.
  • the first finger 7b has a space sufficient to penetrate deeper into the piston housing, while the second finger 7c disengages from the first housing 19 of the cylinder body.
  • the peripheral ring 6 and the piston 5 are integral with each other and free with respect to the cylinder body 1 in which they can slide as described above. It is therefore no longer necessary here to provide (as in the previous embodiment) shear pins between the piston and the cylinder body.
  • the figure 3c illustrates the removable fastening means when the rod 2 and the piston are at the end of the race.
  • the second finger 7c is located opposite the second housing 21 of the cylinder body. Thanks to the vent 11 (not visible in this figure) described above, the chambers A and B are in communication, their internal pressures therefore tend to equilibrate. Once these pressures are substantially equal, the locking piston 7a is subject only to the force of the spring 24 and away from the cylinder body 5.
  • the second finger 7c then enters the second housing 21 of the body of cylinder.
  • the second housing 21 has a depth which is greater than that of the first housing 19. The depth of the second housing 21 is chosen so that when the second finger 7c is engaged in the second housing 21, the first finger 7b is located Moreover, released from the housing 20 of the piston 5.
  • peripheral ring 6 is then secured to the cylinder body and the piston 5 and the rod 2 can slide freely in the opposite direction in the cylinder body 1, thus allowing the cylinder to be repositioned in its initial configuration.
  • a single securing means 7 is described in relation with the Figures 3a to 3c but it will be possible to have several of these means (for example three means 7 regularly distributed angularly) in the peripheral ring 6.

Description

Le secteur technique de la présente invention est celui des dispositifs pyrotechniques et plus particulièrement des vérins actionnés par pyrotechnie.The technical sector of the present invention is that of pyrotechnic devices and more particularly actuators actuated by pyrotechnics.

Pour des raisons de sécurité, il est prévu des dispositifs d'ouverture d'urgence pour certains bâtiments ou véhicules (notamment à bord des aéronefs). Ces dispositifs utilisent des vérins pneumatiques, hydrauliques ou pyrotechniques. Les vérins pneumatiques et hydrauliques présentent l'inconvénient d'être sujets à des problèmes de fuites, ce qui nécessite une surveillance et une maintenance particulière. Le stockage du fluide et le maintien sous pression de certains éléments constitue également un inconvénient. Les vérins pyrotechniques connus, tels que FR 2 167 270 , présentent l'inconvénient de fonctionner de manière violente, ce qui peut conduire à la destruction de la porte d'ouverture.For security reasons, emergency opening devices are provided for certain buildings or vehicles (especially on board aircraft). These devices use pneumatic cylinders, hydraulic or pyrotechnic. Pneumatic and hydraulic cylinders have the disadvantage of being subject to leakage problems, which requires special monitoring and maintenance. Storing the fluid and maintaining pressure of certain elements is also a drawback. Known pyrotechnic cylinders, such as FR 2 167 270 , have the disadvantage of operating violently, which can lead to the destruction of the opening door.

Le but de la présente invention est de fournir un vérin pyrotechnique à action progressive et/ou temporisée ne présentant pas les inconvénients précédemment cités.The object of the present invention is to provide a pyrotechnic jack with progressive action and / or timed not having the disadvantages mentioned above.

L'invention a donc pour objet un vérin du type comportant un générateur pyrotechnique de gaz et comprenant un corps de vérin cylindrique, dans lequel coulisse une tige solidaire d'un piston, ledit piston délimitant une première chambre et une deuxième chambre, vérin caractérisé en ce que le piston comporte au moins un évent permettant le passage calibré du gaz engendré par le générateur entre les deux chambres.The invention therefore relates to a jack of the type comprising a pyrotechnic gas generator and comprising a cylindrical cylinder body, in which slides a rod integral with a piston, said piston defining a first chamber and a second chamber, characterized that the piston comprises at least one vent allowing the calibrated passage of the gas generated by the generator between the two chambers.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, le générateur pyrotechnique de gaz est porté par le piston.According to one characteristic of the invention, the pyrotechnic gas generator is carried by the piston.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le piston comporte des perçages permettant le passage de gaz entre le générateur pyrotechnique de gaz et la première chambre.According to another characteristic of the invention, the piston comprises holes allowing the passage of gas between the pyrotechnic gas generator and the first chamber.

Selon encore une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le piston présente une première face en contact avec la première chambre et une seconde face en contact avec la deuxième chambre, la surface de la seconde face étant supérieure à la surface de la première face.According to yet another characteristic of the invention, the piston has a first face in contact with the first chamber and a second face in contact with the second chamber, the surface of the second face being greater than the surface of the first face.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le piston comporte à son extrémité une bague périphérique.According to another characteristic of the invention, the piston comprises at its end a peripheral ring.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la bague périphérique comporte des moyens de solidarisation amovibles permettant de rendre la bague périphérique solidaire du piston et/ou du corps de vérin.According to another characteristic of the invention, the ring device comprises removable securing means for making the peripheral ring integral with the piston and / or the cylinder body.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, un moyen de solidarisation amovible se présente sous la forme d'un piston de blocage pourvu de deux doigts opposés, un premier doigt étant destiné à coopérer avec un logement dans le piston et un second doigt, opposé au premier doigt, étant destiné à coopérer avec au moins un logement dans le corps de vérin, un ressort assurant une poussée radiale du piston de blocage vers le corps de vérin.According to another characteristic of the invention, a removable fastening means is in the form of a locking piston provided with two opposite fingers, a first finger being intended to cooperate with a housing in the piston and a second finger opposite the first finger, being intended to cooperate with at least one housing in the cylinder body, a spring providing a radial thrust of the locking piston to the cylinder body.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le piston de blocage délimite deux enceintes, une première enceinte étant reliée à la première chambre et une seconde enceinte étant reliée à la deuxième chambre.According to another characteristic of the invention, the locking piston defines two enclosures, a first chamber being connected to the first chamber and a second chamber being connected to the second chamber.

Selon une autre caractéristique, le second logement du corps de vérin aura une profondeur supérieure à celle du premier logement, la profondeur du second logement étant choisie de telle sorte que, lorsque le second doigt se trouvera engagé dans le second logement, le premier doigt se trouvera dégagé du logement du piston.According to another characteristic, the second housing of the cylinder body will have a depth greater than that of the first housing, the depth of the second housing being chosen so that, when the second finger is engaged in the second housing, the first finger is will find clear of the housing of the piston.

Par ailleurs le vérin pourra comporter un ressort de compression interposé entre un bouchon du corps de vérin et le piston.Furthermore, the jack may comprise a compression spring interposed between a cap of the cylinder body and the piston.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le vérin comporte des moyens permettant l'évacuation des gaz vers l'extérieur du vérin.According to another characteristic of the invention, the jack comprises means for evacuating gases to the outside of the jack.

Un tout premier avantage du vérin selon l'invention réside dans le fait qu'il dispense un effort progressif et temporisé.A first advantage of the cylinder according to the invention lies in the fact that it provides a gradual effort and timed.

Un autre avantage réside dans le fait qu'après avoir été actionnée, la tige du vérin peut être repositionnée dans sa position initiale.Another advantage lies in the fact that after being actuated, the cylinder rod can be repositioned in its initial position.

D'autres caractéristiques, détails et avantages de l'invention ressortiront plus clairement de la description donnée ci-après à titre indicatif en relation avec des dessins dans lesquels :

  • les figure 1a et 1b représentent en vue en coupe un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 2 représente en vue en coupe un second mode de réalisation de l'invention, et
  • les figures 3a à 3c illustrent un exemple de réalisation d'un moyen de solidarisation amovible, selon l'invention.
Other characteristics, details and advantages of the invention will emerge more clearly from the description given below as an indication in relation to drawings in which:
  • the figure 1a and 1b represent in sectional view a first embodiment of the invention,
  • the figure 2 represents in sectional view a second embodiment of the invention, and
  • the Figures 3a to 3c illustrate an exemplary embodiment of a removable fastening means according to the invention.

La figure 1a est une vue en coupe illustrant un premier mode de réalisation d'un vérin pyrotechnique selon l'invention destiné à actionner une porte d'aéronef. Cette vue illustre le vérin dans sa position de repos, c'est à dire avant qu'il soit actionné. Dans ce mode de réalisation, le vérin pyrotechnique est constitué d'un corps de vérin 1 cylindrique, comportant un alésage dans lequel coulisse une tige 2, dans le prolongement de laquelle est fixé (par exemple par vissage) un piston 5 dont l'extrémité comporte un épaulement 13 de diamètre sensiblement égal au diamètre intérieur du corps de vérin 1. Le corps de vérin 1 sera, par exemple, relié à la porte de l'aéronef et la tige 2 sera solidaire de la carlingue de l'aéronef (non représentée), par exemple par l'intermédiaire d'une bielle ou d'une rotule (non représentée). L'alésage du corps de vérin 1 comporte une collerette interne 17, de diamètre interne sensiblement égal au diamètre externe de la tige 2, permettant d'assurer le centrage entre le corps de vérin 1 et la tige 2. Par ailleurs l'étanchéité sera assurée par un ou plusieurs joints toriques 29 solidaires de la collerette 17 et appliqués contre la tige 2 du vérin.The figure 1a is a sectional view illustrating a first embodiment of a pyrotechnic cylinder according to the invention for actuating an aircraft door. This view illustrates the cylinder in its rest position, that is to say before it is actuated. In this embodiment, the pyrotechnic jack consists of a cylinder body 1 cylindrical, having a bore in which slides a rod 2, in the extension of which is fixed (for example by screwing) a piston 5 whose end has a shoulder 13 of diameter substantially equal to the inside diameter of the cylinder body 1. The cylinder body 1 will be, for example, connected to the door of the aircraft and the rod 2 will be integral with the cabin of the aircraft (no represented), for example by means of a connecting rod or a ball joint (not shown). The bore of the cylinder body 1 comprises an internal collar 17, of internal diameter substantially equal to the outer diameter of the rod 2, to ensure the centering between the cylinder body 1 and the rod 2. Moreover, the seal will be provided by one or more O-rings 29 secured to the flange 17 and applied against the rod 2 of the jack.

Un générateur pyrotechnique de gaz 4 et un initiateur 3 sont portés par le piston 5. L'épaulement 13 du piston 5 délimite, avec le corps de vérin 1, une première chambre A et une deuxième chambre B. L'épaulement 13 portera un ou plusieurs joints toriques 30 qui seront appliqués contre le corps de vérin 1 et qui assureront l'étanchéité à ce niveau entre les deux chambres A et B délimitées par le piston 5.A pyrotechnic gas generator 4 and an initiator 3 are carried by the piston 5. The shoulder 13 of the piston 5 delimits, with the cylinder body 1, a first chamber A and a second chamber B. The shoulder 13 will carry one or several O-rings 30 which will be applied against the cylinder body 1 and which will seal at this level between the two chambers A and B defined by the piston 5.

Du côté de la chambre A, la tige 2 et le ou les joints portés par la collerette interne 17 assurent l'étanchéité. Du côté de la chambre B, le corps de vérin 1 est obturé par un bouchon 9 dont une portion tubulaire 14 est insérée dans la chambre B, empêchant ainsi toute translation du piston 5 vers le bouchon 9. Dans cet exemple de réalisation la portion tubulaire pourra avantageusement être filetée afin d'assurer également la solidarisation entre le bouchon 9 et le corps de vérin 1. Le piston 5 comporte également un filtre à particules 8 et des perçages 12 permettant l'expansion des gaz générés par le générateur 4 dans la première chambre A.On the side of the chamber A, the rod 2 and the seal or seals carried by the inner collar 17 seal. On the side of the chamber B, the cylinder body 1 is closed by a plug 9, a tubular portion 14 is inserted into the chamber B, thus preventing any translation of the piston 5 to the plug 9. In this embodiment the tubular portion may advantageously be threaded to also ensure the connection between the plug 9 and the cylinder body 1. The piston 5 also comprises a particle filter 8 and holes 12 for expanding the gases generated by the generator 4 in the first chamber A.

L'épaulement 13 du piston comporte au moins un évent 11 permettant le passage calibré du gaz généré entre la chambre A et la chambre B. Le ou les évents pourront affecter la forme de tuyères ou de venturis pour améliorer le passage des gaz. La tige 2 comporte des canaux obliques 15 débouchant dans la chambre A et orientés vers l'avant de la tige 2. La tige 2 comporte également un collet 16 constituant une butée limitant la translation de la tige 2 dans le corps de vérin 1. D'autre part, le piston 5 présente une première face SA en contact avec la première chambre A et une seconde face SB en contact la deuxième chambre B. La seconde face SB présente une surface supérieure à la surface de la première face SA.The shoulder 13 of the piston comprises at least one vent 11 allowing the calibrated passage of the gas generated between the chamber A and the chamber B. The or vents may affect the form of nozzles or venturis to improve the passage of gases. The rod 2 comprises oblique channels 15 opening into the chamber A and oriented towards the front of the rod 2. The rod 2 also comprises a collar 16 constituting an abutment limiting the translation of the rod 2 in the cylinder body 1. D on the other hand, the piston 5 has a first face SA in contact with the first chamber A and a second face SB in contact with the second chamber B. The second face SB has a surface greater than the surface of the first face SA.

La figure 1b est une vue partielle en coupe illustrant le même mode de réalisation que celui décrit en relation avec la figure 1a, mais après actionnement du vérin, c'est à dire lorsque sa tige 2 s'est déplacée. On peut notamment distinguer sur cette vue que le collet 16 de la tige 2 est en butée contre la collerette 17 du corps de vérin 1 et que les canaux obliques 15 débouchent à l'extérieur du vérin.The figure 1b is a partial sectional view illustrating the same embodiment as that described in connection with the figure 1a , but after actuation of the cylinder, that is when its rod 2 has moved. It can be distinguished in this view that the collar 16 of the rod 2 abuts against the collar 17 of the cylinder body 1 and that the oblique channels 15 open out of the cylinder.

On voit donc qu'avec l'architecture de vérin proposée par l'invention, le générateur pyrotechnique de gaz 4 est solidaire de la tige 2 du piston et que les gaz qu'il engendre sont dirigés tout d'abord vers la première chambre A et non vers la deuxième chambre B qui est pourtant celle dans laquelle il faut normalement introduire une pression de gaz pour provoquer la sortie de la tige du vérin. Une augmentation de pression dans la première chambre A conduit en effet à pousser la tige du vérin contre le bouchon 9.It can thus be seen that with the cylinder architecture proposed by the invention, the pyrotechnic gas generator 4 is integral with the piston rod 2 and the gases it generates are directed firstly towards the first chamber A and not to the second chamber B which is nevertheless that in which it is normally necessary to introduce a gas pressure to cause the output of the rod of the cylinder. An increase in pressure in the first chamber A leads indeed to push the rod of the jack against the plug 9.

Il en résulte un retard pour la sortie de la tige 2 du vérin, retard qui peut être réglé en jouant sur la section du ou des évents 11 assurant le passage des gaz de la première chambre A vers la deuxième chambre B.This results in a delay for the output of the rod 2 of the cylinder, delay which can be adjusted by adjusting the section of the or vents 11 ensuring the passage of the gases of the first room A to the second room B.

Le fonctionnement est le suivant :The operation is as follows:

Dans une situation d'urgence, on souhaite ouvrir la porte de l'aéronef. On actionne alors le vérin par un signal électrique à l'initiateur 3 qui déclenche la génération de gaz par le générateur pyrotechnique 4. Le gaz généré se diffuse à travers le filtre à particules 8 puis passe à travers les perçages 12 afin de pénétrer dans la première chambre A. La pression dans la chambre A est alors supérieure à la pression de la chambre B. Le piston 5 est bloqué par le bouchon 9 et reste donc immobile. En raison de la différence de pression, le gaz de la chambre A pénètre dans la chambre B par le ou les évents 11. Ces derniers sont dimensionnés de manière à calibrer le flux gazeux. La pression dans la chambre B augmente au fur et à mesure que la pression dans la chambre A diminue. Ainsi, les efforts appliqués au piston 5 par les pressions régnant dans les chambres A et B évoluent jusqu'à ce que, en raison de la différence de surfaces des faces SA et SB du piston, l'effort FB appliqué sur la face SB soit supérieur à l'effort FA appliqué sur la face SA. Le piston 5 et la tige 2 se déplacent alors dans la direction de l'effort FB, jusqu'à ce que le collet 16 soit en contact avec la collerette interne 17. Lorsque la tige 2 est en fin de course (c'est à dire lorsque le collet 16 et la collerette 17 sont en contact), les canaux 15 permettent la communication entre la chambre A et l'extérieur du vérin. Les gaz générés sont donc évacués et la tige 2 du vérin peut être ensuite enfoncée manuellement afin de refermer la porte. On notera que, même lorsque le piston 5 se déplace, les gaz générés continuent à se déplacer de la chambre A vers la chambre B, augmentant ainsi l'effort FB, ce qui permet de réaliser un vérin à fonctionnement temporisé et progressif.In an emergency situation, it is desired to open the door of the aircraft. The actuator is then actuated by an electrical signal to the initiator 3 which triggers the generation of gas by the pyrotechnic generator 4. The generated gas diffuses through the particulate filter 8 and then passes through the bores 12 in order to penetrate the first chamber A. The pressure in the chamber A is then greater than the pressure of the chamber B. The piston 5 is blocked by the plug 9 and therefore remains stationary. Because of the pressure difference, the gas from the chamber A enters the chamber B by the or the vents 11. The latter are sized to calibrate the gas flow. The pressure in chamber B increases as the pressure in chamber A decreases. Thus, the forces applied to the piston 5 by the pressures in the chambers A and B evolve until, due to the difference in surfaces of the faces SA and SB of the piston, the force FB applied to the face SB is greater than the FA effort applied on the SA face. The piston 5 and the rod 2 then move in the direction of the force FB, until the collar 16 is in contact with the inner collar 17. When the rod 2 is at the end of the stroke (this is at say when the collar 16 and the flange 17 are in contact), the channels 15 allow communication between the chamber A and the outside of the cylinder. The generated gases are evacuated and the rod 2 of the cylinder can then be manually depressed to close the door. It will be noted that, even when the piston 5 moves, the generated gases continue to move from the chamber A to the chamber B, thus increasing the force FB, which makes it possible to produce a jack with a timed and progressive operation.

Le diamètre du ou des évents 11 est choisi en fonction du délai souhaité pour le début du fonctionnement du vérin à partir de son initiation.The diameter of the or vents 11 is chosen according to the desired time for the start of operation of the cylinder from its initiation.

On pourra par ailleurs prévoir un moyen de liaison cisaillable entre la tige 2 et le corps de vérin 1 (par exemple une ou plusieurs goupilles) afin d'empêcher tout déplacement indésirable de la tige 2 lorsque le vérin n'est pas actionné.We can also provide a shearable connection means between the rod 2 and the cylinder body 1 (for example one or more pins) to prevent any unwanted displacement of the rod 2 when the cylinder is not actuated.

La figure 2 illustre un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention. Dans ce mode de réalisation, l'épaulement à l'extrémité du piston 5 est remplacé par une bague périphérique 6. La bague périphérique 6 comporte des moyens de solidarisation amovibles 7 (non visibles sur cette figure) permettant de rendre la bague périphérique 6 solidaire du piston 5 et/ou du corps de vérin 1. Ces moyens de solidarisation amovibles seront décrits plus précisément en relation avec les figures 3a à 3c. On remarquera également que dans ce mode de réalisation, on a remplacé la portion tubulaire du bouchon 9 par un ressort 18. Ce ressort 18 permet dans un sens de réaliser le blocage du piston 5 et dans l'autre sens permet également d'exercer un effort tendant à éloigner la bague 6 du bouchon 9. Dans ce mode de réalisation, la bague périphérique 6 comporte également la caractéristique essentielle de l'invention consistant en au moins un évent 11 permettant le passage calibré d'un gaz entre la chambre A et la chambre B.The figure 2 illustrates another embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, the shoulder at the end of the piston 5 is replaced by a peripheral ring 6. The peripheral ring 6 comprises removable securing means 7 (not visible in this figure) to make the peripheral ring 6 integral. of the piston 5 and / or the cylinder body 1. These removable securing means will be described more specifically in relation to the Figures 3a to 3c . It will also be noted that in this embodiment, the tubular portion of the cap 9 has been replaced by a spring 18. This spring 18 makes it possible in one direction to block the piston 5 and in the other direction also makes it possible to exert a force in this embodiment, the ring 6 also includes the essential feature of the invention consisting of at least one vent 11 allowing the calibrated passage of a gas between the chamber A and room B.

Ce mode de réalisation comporte également un générateur pyrotechnique de gaz 4 et un initiateur 3 portés par le piston 5. On a représenté en pointillés la bague périphérique 6 dans sa position IIIc en fin de course, telle que décrite en relation avec la figure 3c. On notera que lorsque la bague 6 se trouve dans cette position IIIc par rapport au corps 1, la tige 2 ne se trouve pas dans la position initiale telle que visible sur la figure 2. En effet la tige 2 est solidaire de la bague 6 et elle est donc entraînée par le déplacement de la bague. Pour des raisons de clarté, le filtre à particules et les perçages qui permettent le passage des gaz générés du générateur 4 vers la première chambre A n'ont pas été représentés mais sont également mis en oeuvre. Enfin, on remarquera que dans ce mode de réalisation, l'alésage interne du piston 1 présente une portion cylindrique 28 de diamètre réduit. Le diamètre de la portion 28 est légèrement supérieur au diamètre du collet 16 afin de créer un effet de "laminage" lorsque la tige 2 se déplace et que le collet 16 s'engage dans l'alésage de diamètre réduit 28. Une telle réalisation permet avantageusement de provoquer un freinage et un amortissement de la tige 2 en fin de course.This embodiment also comprises a pyrotechnic gas generator 4 and an initiator 3 carried by the piston 5. The dotted line 6 is shown in its position IIIc at the end of the stroke, as described in connection with FIG. figure 3c . Note that when the ring 6 is in this position IIIc relative to the body 1, the rod 2 is not in the initial position as visible on the figure 2 . Indeed the rod 2 is secured to the ring 6 and is therefore driven by the movement of the ring. For the sake of clarity, the particle filter and the holes which allow the passage of the generated gases from the generator 4 to the first chamber A have not been shown but are also implemented. Finally, it will be noted that in this embodiment, the internal bore of the piston 1 has a cylindrical portion 28 of reduced diameter. The diameter of the portion 28 is slightly greater than the diameter of the collar 16 to create a "rolling" effect when the rod 2 moves and the collar 16 engages in the bore of reduced diameter 28. Such an embodiment advantageously allows to cause braking and damping of the rod 2 at the end of the race.

Avec ce mode de réalisation de l'invention le ressort 18 exerce une poussée sur le piston 5 qui vient s'ajouter à celle engendrée par le différentiel de pression des gaz entre les chambres A et B. Cette action du ressort 18 permet de compenser l'effort résistant complémentaire dû au freinage de la tige 2 en fin de course.With this embodiment of the invention the spring 18 exerts a thrust on the piston 5 which is added to that generated by the differential gas pressure between the chambers A and B. This action of the spring 18 compensates for the complementary resisting force due to the braking of the rod 2 at the end of the race.

Les figure 3a à 3c illustrent le mode de réalisation et le fonctionnement d'un moyen de solidarisation amovible. Le moyen de solidarisation amovible 7 est disposé dans un logement de la bague périphérique 6 et se présente sous la forme d'un piston de blocage 7a pourvu de deux doigts 7b et 7c opposés, un premier doigt 7b étant destiné à coopérer avec un logement 20 dans le piston 5 et un second doigt 7c, opposé au premier doigt 7b, étant destiné à coopérer avec un premier logement 19 et un second logement 21 (visible sur la figure 3c) dans le corps de vérin 1. Le piston de blocage 7a délimite deux enceintes 25 et 26 dans la bague 6. La première enceinte 25 est reliée à la première chambre A par l'intermédiaire d'un perçage 22 et la seconde enceinte 26 est reliée à la deuxième chambre B par l'intermédiaire d'un perçage 23. Un ressort 24 exerce un effort permanent sur le piston de blocage 7a en direction du corps de vérin 1. Les logements 19, 20 et 21 peuvent se présenter sous la forme de perçages ou de gorges. Avantageusement, la réalisation sous forme de gorges autorise un décalage angulaire du piston par rapport au corps de vérin 1 sans nuire au fonctionnement du moyen de solidarisation amovible.The Figure 3a to 3c illustrate the embodiment and operation of a removable fastening means. The removable securing means 7 is disposed in a housing of the peripheral ring 6 and is in the form of a locking piston 7a provided with two opposite fingers 7b and 7c, a first finger 7b being adapted to cooperate with a housing 20 in the piston 5 and a second finger 7c, opposite the first finger 7b, being intended to cooperate with a first housing 19 and a second housing 21 (visible on the figure 3c ) in the cylinder body 1. The locking piston 7a defines two enclosures 25 and 26 in the ring 6. The first chamber 25 is connected to the first chamber A via a bore 22 and the second chamber 26 is connected to the second chamber B via a bore 23. A spring 24 exerts a permanent force on the locking piston 7a in the direction of the cylinder body 1. The housings 19, 20 and 21 may be in the form of holes or throats. Advantageously, the embodiment in the form of grooves allows an angular offset of the piston relative to the cylinder body 1 without impairing the operation of the removable fastening means.

Le fonctionnement est le suivant :The operation is as follows:

La figure 3a illustre le moyen de solidarisation amovible en position de repos, c'est à dire lorsque le vérin n'est pas actionné. Dans cette position, les doigts 7b et 7c sont insérés dans leurs logements respectifs 20 et 19 et maintiennent ainsi solidaires le corps de vérin 1, la bague périphérique 6 et le piston 5. L'effort exercé par le ressort 24 sur le piston de blocage 7a est suffisant pour maintenir le second doigt 7c dans le premier logement 19 du corps de vérin.The figure 3a illustrates the detachable fastening means in the rest position, that is to say when the actuator is not actuated. In this position, the fingers 7b and 7c are inserted into their respective housings 20 and 19 and thus hold integral the cylinder body 1, the peripheral ring 6 and the piston 5. The force exerted by the spring 24 on the locking piston 7a is enough to maintain the second finger 7c in the first housing 19 of the cylinder body.

La figure 3b illustre le moyen de solidarisation amovible lorsque le vérin est actionné. Dans cette position, la pression de gaz augmente dans la première chambre A (comme décrit précédemment), les gaz générés pénètrent dans l'enceinte 25 et déplacent le piston de blocage 7a vers le piston 5. Le premier doigt 7b dispose d'un espace suffisant pour pénétrer plus profondément dans le logement 20 du piston, alors que le second doigt 7c se désengage du premier logement 19 du corps de vérin. Dans cette position, la bague périphérique 6 et le piston 5 sont solidaires l'un de l'autre et libres par rapport au corps de vérin 1 dans lequel ils peuvent coulisser tel que décrit précédemment. Il n'est donc plus ici nécessaire de prévoir (comme dans le mode de réalisation précédent) des goupilles cisaillables entre le piston et le corps de vérin.The figure 3b illustrates the detachable fastening means when the jack is actuated. In this position, the gas pressure increases in the first chamber A (as described above), the generated gases enter the chamber 25 and move the locking piston 7a to the piston 5. The first finger 7b has a space sufficient to penetrate deeper into the piston housing, while the second finger 7c disengages from the first housing 19 of the cylinder body. In this position, the peripheral ring 6 and the piston 5 are integral with each other and free with respect to the cylinder body 1 in which they can slide as described above. It is therefore no longer necessary here to provide (as in the previous embodiment) shear pins between the piston and the cylinder body.

La figure 3c illustre le moyen de solidarisation amovible lorsque la tige 2 et le piston sont en fin de course. Dans cette position, le second doigt 7c se situe face au second logement 21 du corps de vérin. Grâce à l'évent 11 (non visible sur cette figure) décrit précédemment, les chambres A et B sont en communication, leurs pressions internes tendent donc à s'équilibrer. Une fois ces pressions sensiblement égales, le piston de blocage 7a n'est plus soumis qu'à la seule force du ressort 24 et s'éloigne du corps de vérin 5. Le second doigt 7c pénètre alors dans le second logement 21 du corps de vérin. Le second logement 21 a une profondeur qui est supérieure à celle du premier logement 19. La profondeur du second logement 21 est choisie de telle sorte que, lorsque le second doigt 7c se trouve engagé dans le second logement 21, le premier doigt 7b se trouve par ailleurs dégagé du logement 20 du piston 5.The figure 3c illustrates the removable fastening means when the rod 2 and the piston are at the end of the race. In this position, the second finger 7c is located opposite the second housing 21 of the cylinder body. Thanks to the vent 11 (not visible in this figure) described above, the chambers A and B are in communication, their internal pressures therefore tend to equilibrate. Once these pressures are substantially equal, the locking piston 7a is subject only to the force of the spring 24 and away from the cylinder body 5. The second finger 7c then enters the second housing 21 of the body of cylinder. The second housing 21 has a depth which is greater than that of the first housing 19. The depth of the second housing 21 is chosen so that when the second finger 7c is engaged in the second housing 21, the first finger 7b is located Moreover, released from the housing 20 of the piston 5.

La bague périphérique 6 est alors solidaire du corps de vérin et le piston 5 et la tige 2 peuvent coulisser librement en sens inverse dans le corps de vérin 1, permettant ainsi au vérin d'être repositionné dans sa configuration initiale.The peripheral ring 6 is then secured to the cylinder body and the piston 5 and the rod 2 can slide freely in the opposite direction in the cylinder body 1, thus allowing the cylinder to be repositioned in its initial configuration.

Un seul moyen de solidarisation 7 est décrit en relation avec les figures 3a à 3c mais on pourra disposer plusieurs de ces moyens (par exemple trois moyens 7 régulièrement répartis angulairement) dans la bague périphérique 6.A single securing means 7 is described in relation with the Figures 3a to 3c but it will be possible to have several of these means (for example three means 7 regularly distributed angularly) in the peripheral ring 6.

L'utilisation du vérin pour actionner en urgence une porte d'aéronef est donnée à titre illustratif et non limitatif. On pourra évidemment mettre en oeuvre l'invention dans un autre contexte nécessitant l'utilisation d'un vérin à action progressive et/ou temporisée.The use of the cylinder for emergency operation of an aircraft door is given for illustrative and not limiting. It will obviously be possible to implement the invention in another context requiring the use of a jack with progressive and / or delayed action.

Claims (14)

  1. An actuator of the type comprising a pyrotechnic gas generator (4) and comprising a cylindrical actuator body (1) in which a rod (2) slides integral with a piston (5), said piston (5) delimiting a first chamber (A) and a second chamber (B) in which the gas pressure causes the actuator rod to extend, actuator characterized in that the piston (5) incorporates at least one vent (11) to allow the calibrated passage of the gas generated by the generator (4) between the two chambers (A, B), the gas generated firstly penetrating into the first chamber (A), the gas from the first chamber (A) penetrating the second chamber (B) by the vent or vents (11), resulting in the extension of the actuator rod 2 being delayed.
  2. An actuator according to Claim 1, whose piston (5) has a first face (SA) in contact with the first chamber (A) and a second face (SB) in contact with the second chamber (B), characterized in that the surface area of the second face (SB) is greater than that of the first face (SA).
  3. An actuator according to Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises stop devices (9, 14, 18) for the piston (5) when the gases are generated in the first chamber (A).
  4. An actuator according to Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the second chamber comprises a cap (9) and a spring (18) or a tubular portion (14) to block the piston (5).
  5. An actuator according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the pyrotechnic gas generator (4) is carried by the piston (5).
  6. An actuator according to Claim 5, characterized in that the piston (5) incorporates drill holes (12) enabling the gas to pass between the pyrotechnic gas generator (4) and the first chamber (A).
  7. An actuator according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the piton (5) incorporates a peripheral ring (6) at its extremity.
  8. An actuator according to Claim 7, characterized in that the peripheral ring (6) incorporates removable joining means (7) enabling the peripheral ring (6) to be joined to the piston (5) and/or to the actuator body (1).
  9. An actuator according to Claim 8, characterized in that the removal joining means (7) are in the form of a locking piston (7a) with two opposing fingers (7b, 7c), a first finger (7b) being intended to cooperate with a housing (20) in the piston (5) and a second finger (7c), opposing the first finger (7b), being intended to cooperate with at least one housing (19, 21) in the actuator body (1), a spring (24) ensuring the radial thrust of the locking piston (7a) in the direction of the actuator body (1).
  10. An actuator according to Claim 9, characterized in that the locking piston (7a) delimits two compartments (25, 26), a first compartment (25) being linked to the first chamber (A) and a second compartment (26) being linked to the second chamber (B).
  11. An actuator according to Claim 10, characterized in that the second housing (21) in the actuator body (1) is of a depth that is greater than that of the first housing (19), the depth of the second housing (21) being chosen such that, when the second finger (7c) is engaged in the second housing (21), the first finger (7b) becomes disengaged from the housing (20) in the piston (5).
  12. An actuator according to one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it incorporates a compression spring (18) positioned between a cap (9) on the actuator body (1) and the piston (5).
  13. An actuator according to one of Claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the internal borehole of the piston (5) has a cylindrical portion (28) of a diameter that is slightly greater than the diameter of a flange (16) on the rod (2), the insertion of the flange (16) into said portion (28) causing the braking and damping of the rod (2) at the end of its stroke.
  14. An actuator according to one of Claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it incorporates means (15) enabling the gases to be evacuated outside the actuator.
EP08290872A 2008-09-17 2008-09-17 Gradual action jack Active EP2166233B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08290872A EP2166233B1 (en) 2008-09-17 2008-09-17 Gradual action jack

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08290872A EP2166233B1 (en) 2008-09-17 2008-09-17 Gradual action jack

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EP2166233A1 EP2166233A1 (en) 2010-03-24
EP2166233B1 true EP2166233B1 (en) 2013-03-27

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Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3005724A1 (en) 2013-05-17 2014-11-21 Herakles PYROTECHNIC GAS GENERATOR

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1173431A (en) * 1966-07-15 1969-12-10 Ici Ltd Water-Insoluble Monoazo Dyestuffs
FR2167270A5 (en) * 1972-01-11 1973-08-24 Ferodo Sa
JPS49125430U (en) * 1973-02-26 1974-10-26
FR2239870A1 (en) * 1973-08-03 1975-02-28 Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale
GB9817515D0 (en) * 1998-08-13 1998-10-07 Saxby Michael E Self loading gun cartridge
DE10305685B4 (en) * 2003-02-12 2005-02-17 Autoliv Development Ab Pedestrian protection device on a motor vehicle

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