EP2166200A1 - Valve spring disc and method for its manufacture - Google Patents

Valve spring disc and method for its manufacture Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2166200A1
EP2166200A1 EP09011575A EP09011575A EP2166200A1 EP 2166200 A1 EP2166200 A1 EP 2166200A1 EP 09011575 A EP09011575 A EP 09011575A EP 09011575 A EP09011575 A EP 09011575A EP 2166200 A1 EP2166200 A1 EP 2166200A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve spring
spring plate
aluminum alloy
temperature
reinforced
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP09011575A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Günter Dipl. Ing. Rübig
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Franz Ruebig & Sohne & Co KG GmbH
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Franz Ruebig & Sohne & Co KG GmbH
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Application filed by Franz Ruebig & Sohne & Co KG GmbH filed Critical Franz Ruebig & Sohne & Co KG GmbH
Publication of EP2166200A1 publication Critical patent/EP2166200A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/10—Connecting springs to valve members
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/46—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in preceding subgroups
    • F01L1/462—Valve return spring arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2301/00—Using particular materials
    • F01L2301/02—Using ceramic materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2303/00—Manufacturing of components used in valve arrangements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a valve spring plate for valves of engines, and a method for its production.
  • valve spring plate for a motor is used, among other things, to accommodate the end of a valve spring.
  • valve spring plates are subject to enormous stresses due to load changes, surface wear and thermal fluctuations Usually, the valve is driven directly by the movement of a cam, for example. To increase the speed and thus the power of a motor, the weight of the valve spring plate is a limiting factor.
  • Valve spring plates made of steel are used in most engines because this material still has excellent durability and abrasion resistance.
  • Lighter valve spring plates reduce the oscillating and highly accelerated masses, thus causing smaller towing power and higher speed dynamics, as required, among other things, high-revving two-wheeled engines.
  • each valve actuation causes a change in length of the associated valve spring and thus a slight rotational relative movement in the contact surface with the valve spring plate. This causes a predominantly abrasive wear, so that the material must have appropriate abrasion resistance.
  • valve spring plates in lightweight construction, wherein the valve spring retainer has a punched out, a stiffening collar and an enforcement ( DE 44 21 408 A1 ).
  • valve spring plate made of fiber-reinforced plastic or thermoplastic liquid crystal polymers is known, wherein the reinforcing fibers or the polymer chains must be oriented in a defined direction.
  • valve spring plates do not have the necessary durability and durability during operation.
  • EP 0 693 615 A For example, a valve spring plate made of an aluminum-based alloy is known, which is produced by cold forging, followed by partial melting heat treatment and a subsequent aging step at 150 to 200 ° C. Further processing is done by drumming. To give a rust protection of the molding is treated further.
  • Out EP 0 864 731 A is a made of an Al alloy valve spring plate known that produced by cold forging process and aging process by non-machining further processing. Although the original properties are to be retained by the shape of the further processing, this valve spring retainer, like the previously described valve spring retainer, also has too low durability, abrasion resistance and service life for continuous operation.
  • EP 1 586 668 A is known a valve spring plate, which is made of a titanium alloy.
  • the object of the invention was to provide a valve spring retainer and a method for its production, wherein the valve spring retainer has low weight, high durability and abrasion resistance and is thus suitable To allow speed increase of an engine and thus significantly increase its effectiveness.
  • the invention therefore relates to a valve spring plate for engines, characterized in that it consists of a ceramic-reinforced aluminum alloy.
  • the reinforcing material may be in the form of particles or fibers. If the reinforcing material is in the form of particles, the particle size is preferably 1 to 5 ⁇ m. If the reinforcing material is in the form of fibers, the fiber length is preferably 1.3 to 7 ⁇ m.
  • the proportion of reinforcing material in the alloy is preferably 10 to 45% by volume, more preferably 20-30% by volume.
  • alloys which are reinforced with the reinforcing material, alloys are preferred which consist of 91.2-94.7% by weight of aluminum, 1.2-1.8% by weight of magnesium, max. 0.1% by weight chromium, max. 0.25% by weight of Zn, 0.3-0.09% by weight of manganese, max. 0.2% by weight silicon, max. 0.3% by weight of iron, max. 0.15% by weight of titanium and 3.8-4.9% by weight of copper, in addition to max. 0.15% by weight of other constituents (common impurities).
  • Aluminum alloy (matrix material) Al 2124 Particularly suitable as aluminum alloy (matrix material) Al 2124.
  • the ceramic-reinforced aluminum alloy is preheated to a temperature of 400-550 ° C.
  • the preheat temperature is in a range of 450 to 520 ° C.
  • the material is heated until it is completely warmed up.
  • the material is also kept for a short time after the complete heating at the preheating temperature.
  • the forging process is preferably carried out at tool temperatures of 150 to 360, more preferably 285 - 310 ° C to prevent the cooling of the aluminum alloy during the forging process.
  • the other parameters of the forging process such as forging stroke speed, pressing pressure and the like, depend on the forging tool used.
  • a coated forging tool is used to ensure a long life of the tool at the required high temperatures of the alloy to be deformed. Suitable coatings are, for example, TiN, TiAlN, TiCN, CrN, AlCrN, polycrystalline diamond, Ni, Cr, CrCN and the like, or also combinations of these coating materials.
  • the formed valve spring plate is subjected to a heat treatment.
  • the shaped valve spring plate is optionally subjected to a solution annealing process at a temperature of 400-550 ° C.
  • the time of expertsglühvorgangs is about 5 to 40 min.
  • the valve spring plate is cooled rapidly, preferably maintained by quenching with water and then for a certain period of time at a defined constant temperature.
  • the temperature is preferably between 20 to 220 ° C, preferably 20 to 200 ° C.
  • the period of time is preferably 10 to 360 hours, preferably 12 to 250 hours.
  • the heat treatment has a positive influence on the structure of the formed alloy and thus on the mechanical and physical properties of the valve spring plate.
  • valve spring plate produced in this way is provided with a coating for increasing the abrasion resistance, the mechanical resistance and the corrosion resistance.
  • the coating takes place in a cooled acid electrolyte, wherein the workpiece is switched as an anode and oxidized in the course of the treatment on the surface.
  • the surface of the valve spring plate changes into a ceramic-like layer, which consists predominantly of amorphous aluminum oxide.
  • the material was heated to a temperature of 497 ° C for 20 min, the material was completely warmed up after 15 min.
  • the forging process was carried out at a mold temperature of 300 ° C.
  • the forging press used was a forging press with a press force of 200 t.
  • test configuration Force introduction quasi-static over the valve stem.
  • the sample holder acts as a substitute for the spring as an abutment, the fürdorn initiates the axial force on the valve stem.
  • Preload 500N Test speed 4mm / min Abort after reaching the maximum force Status Axial maximum force (s) Axial displacement at maximum force (mm) T1 6293 0.58 T4 8372 0.98 T6 7936 1.19
  • Each 4 valve spring plates were usually installed in a prepared motorcycle engine, 2 on intake valves and 2 on exhaust valves.
  • Drive Electric motor, which held the crankshaft at a defined speed, which in turn was coupled via chain drive with the camshaft. The camshaft acted on rocker arms and thus generated the oscillating valve movement.
  • round steel plates shims were used. It was started with a crankshaft speed of 12,000 / min, after one hour of visual inspection and an increase in speed by 100 / min. The last reached speed was 14000 / min Status Load change (x10 6 ) operating hours T1 Hart Coat® 8.5 21, 8 T6 Hart Coat® 8.5 21, 8

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

The valve spring plate for motors, comprises a ceramic reinforced aluminum alloy with silicon carbide or corundum. The aluminum alloy has 10-45 vol.% of reinforcing material. An independent claim is included for a method for the production of valve spring plate.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Ventilfederteller für Ventile von Motoren, sowie ein Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung.The invention relates to a valve spring plate for valves of engines, and a method for its production.

Ein Ventilfederteller für einen Motor dient unter anderem dazu, das Ende einer Ventilfeder aufzunehmen.
Ventilfederteller unterliegen als Teil des Ventiltriebs enormen Beanspruchungen durch Belastungswechsel, Oberflächenverschleiß und thermische Schwankungen
Üblicherweise wird das Ventil beispielsweise durch die Bewegung einer Nocke direkt angetrieben. Zur Erhöhung der Drehzahl und somit der Leistung eines Motors bildet das Gewicht des Ventilfedertellers einen limitierenden Faktor.
In den meisten Motoren werden Ventilfederteller, die aus Stahl gefertigt sind, eingesetzt, da dieses Material nach wie vor beste Haltbarkeitseigenschaften und Abriebbeständigkeiten aufweist.A valve spring plate for a motor is used, among other things, to accommodate the end of a valve spring.
As part of the valve train, valve spring plates are subject to enormous stresses due to load changes, surface wear and thermal fluctuations
Usually, the valve is driven directly by the movement of a cam, for example. To increase the speed and thus the power of a motor, the weight of the valve spring plate is a limiting factor.
Valve spring plates made of steel are used in most engines because this material still has excellent durability and abrasion resistance.

Leichtere Ventilfederteller verringern die oszillierenden und hoch beschleunigten Massen, bewirken somit kleinere Schleppleistung und höhere Drehzahldynamik, wie sie unter anderem auch hochdrehenden Zweiradmotoren gefordert werden.Lighter valve spring plates reduce the oscillating and highly accelerated masses, thus causing smaller towing power and higher speed dynamics, as required, among other things, high-revving two-wheeled engines.

Ferner bewirkt jede Ventilbetätigung eine Längenänderung der zugehörigen Ventilfeder und somit eine leicht rotatorische Relativbewegung in der Kontaktfläche mit dem Ventilfederteller. Dies bewirkt einen vorwiegend abrasiven Verschleiß, sodass das Material entsprechende Abriebfestigkeiten aufweisen muss.Furthermore, each valve actuation causes a change in length of the associated valve spring and thus a slight rotational relative movement in the contact surface with the valve spring plate. This causes a predominantly abrasive wear, so that the material must have appropriate abrasion resistance.

Es wurde bereits vorgeschlagen, Ventilfederteller in Leichtbauweise herstellen,
wobei der Ventilfederteller eine Ausstanzung, einen Versteifungsbund und eine Durchsetzung aufweist ( DE 44 21 408 A1 ).It has already been proposed to manufacture valve spring plates in lightweight construction,
wherein the valve spring retainer has a punched out, a stiffening collar and an enforcement ( DE 44 21 408 A1 ).

Aus DE 40 21 087 ist ein Ventilfederteller aus faserverstärktem Kunststoff oder thermoplastischen Flüssigkristallpolymeren bekannt, wobei die Verstärkungsfasern bzw. die Polymerketten in einer definierten Richtung orientiert sein müssen. Allerdings weisen derartige Ventilfederteller nicht die nötige Beständigkeit und Haltbarkeit im Betrieb auf.Out DE 40 21 087 a valve spring plate made of fiber-reinforced plastic or thermoplastic liquid crystal polymers is known, wherein the reinforcing fibers or the polymer chains must be oriented in a defined direction. However, such valve spring plates do not have the necessary durability and durability during operation.

Aus DE 41 20 892 ist ein gewichtsreduzierter Ventilfederteller bekannt, der aus einem Federauflageteil und einem Verstärkungsteil aus Aluminium besteht, die miteinander verstemmt sind.Out DE 41 20 892 is known a weight-reduced valve spring plate, which consists of a Federauflageteil and a reinforcing member made of aluminum, which are caulked together.

Aus EP 0 693 615 A ist ein Ventilfederteller aus einer Legierung auf Aluminiumbasis bekannt, der durch Kaltschmieden, anschließende Wärmebehandlung unter teilweisem Schmelzen und einen darauf folgenden Alterungsschritt bei 150 bis 200° C hergestellt wird. Die Weiterverarbeitung erfolgt durch Rommeln. Zur Verleihung eines Rostschutzes wird der Formling weiter behandelt.Out EP 0 693 615 A For example, a valve spring plate made of an aluminum-based alloy is known, which is produced by cold forging, followed by partial melting heat treatment and a subsequent aging step at 150 to 200 ° C. Further processing is done by drumming. To give a rust protection of the molding is treated further.

Aus EP 0 864 731 A ist ein aus einer Al-Legierung hergestellter Ventilfederteller bekannt, der nach Kaltschmiedevorgang und Alterungsvorgang durch nicht spanende Weiterverarbeitung hergestellt.
Obwohl durch die Form der Weiterverarbeitung die ursprünglichen Eigenschaften erhalten bleiben sollen, weist auch dieser Ventilfederteller, wie die vorhergehenden beschriebenen Ventilfederteller zu geringe Haltbarkeit, Abriebbeständigkeit und Lebensdauer für den dauernden Betrieb auf.Out EP 0 864 731 A is a made of an Al alloy valve spring plate known that produced by cold forging process and aging process by non-machining further processing.
Although the original properties are to be retained by the shape of the further processing, this valve spring retainer, like the previously described valve spring retainer, also has too low durability, abrasion resistance and service life for continuous operation.

Aus EP 1 586 668 A ist ein Ventilfederteller bekannt, das aus einer Titanlegierung gefertigt ist.Out EP 1 586 668 A is known a valve spring plate, which is made of a titanium alloy.

Aufgabe der Erfindung war es ein Ventilfederteller und ein Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung bereitzustellen, wobei der Ventilfederteller geringes Gewicht, hohe Haltbarkeit und Abriebfestigkeit aufweist und somit geeignet ist, eine Drehzahlerhöhung eines Motors zu ermöglichen und somit dessen Wirksamkeit deutlich zu erhöhen.The object of the invention was to provide a valve spring retainer and a method for its production, wherein the valve spring retainer has low weight, high durability and abrasion resistance and is thus suitable To allow speed increase of an engine and thus significantly increase its effectiveness.

Gegenstand der Erfindung ist daher ein Ventilfederteller für Motoren, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er aus einer keramikverstärkten Aluminium-Legierung besteht.The invention therefore relates to a valve spring plate for engines, characterized in that it consists of a ceramic-reinforced aluminum alloy.

Ein weiterer Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Ventilfedertellers gekennzeichnet durch folgende Verfahrensschritte:

  1. a) Vorwärmen eines Rohlings aus einer keramikverstärkten Aluminium-Legierung auf eine Temperatur von 400 - 550 °C
  2. b) Schmieden der Aluminiumlegierung bei einer Werkzeugtemperatur von 150 bis 360 °C,
  3. c) Wärmebehandeln des geschmiedeten Formstücks
  4. d) Mechanische Bearbeitung des Ventilfedertellers
  5. e) Beschichten des Formstücks
wobei die Schritte c und d auch in vertauschter Reihenfolge durchgeführt werden können.Another object of the invention is a method for producing a valve spring plate characterized by the following method steps:
  1. a) preheating a blank made of a ceramic-reinforced aluminum alloy to a temperature of 400 - 550 ° C.
  2. b) forging the aluminum alloy at a mold temperature of 150 to 360 ° C,
  3. c) heat treating the forged fitting
  4. d) Mechanical processing of the valve spring plate
  5. e) coating the fitting
wherein the steps c and d can also be performed in a reversed order.

Als keramikverstärkte Aluminium-Legierung kommen vor allem Aluminiumlegierungen, die mit Siliciumcarbid oder Korund verstärkt sind in Frage.
Das Verstärkungsmaterial kann in Form von Partikeln oder Fasern vorliegen. Liegt das Verstärkungsmaterial in Form von Partikel vor, beträgt die Partikelgröße vorzugsweise 1 bis 5 µm.
Liegt das Verstärkungsmaterial in Form von Fasern vor, beträgt die Faserlänge vorzugsweise 1,3 bis 7µm.As a ceramic-reinforced aluminum alloy are mainly aluminum alloys that are reinforced with silicon carbide or corundum in question.
The reinforcing material may be in the form of particles or fibers. If the reinforcing material is in the form of particles, the particle size is preferably 1 to 5 μm.
If the reinforcing material is in the form of fibers, the fiber length is preferably 1.3 to 7 μm.

Der Anteil an Verstärkungsmaterial in der Legierung beträgt vorzugsweise 10 bis 45 Vol %, besonders bevorzugt 20 - 30 Vol %.The proportion of reinforcing material in the alloy is preferably 10 to 45% by volume, more preferably 20-30% by volume.

Als Aluminium-Legierungen, die mit dem Verstärkungsmaterial verstärkt werden kommen bevorzugt Legierungen in Frage, die aus 91,2 - 94,7 Gew% Aluminium, 1,2 - 1,8 Gew% Magnesium, max. 0,1 Gew% Chrom, max. 0,25 Gew% Zn, 0,3- 09 Gew% Mangan, max. 0,2 Gew% Silicium, max. 0,3 Gew% Eisen, max. 0,15 Gew% Titan und 3,8 - 4,9 Gew% Kupfer, neben max. 0,15 Gew% anderen Bestandteilen (übliche Verunreinigungen) bestehen.
Besonders geeignet ist als Aluminium - Legierung (Matrixwerkstoff) Al 2124.As aluminum alloys, which are reinforced with the reinforcing material, alloys are preferred which consist of 91.2-94.7% by weight of aluminum, 1.2-1.8% by weight of magnesium, max. 0.1% by weight chromium, max. 0.25% by weight of Zn, 0.3-0.09% by weight of manganese, max. 0.2% by weight silicon, max. 0.3% by weight of iron, max. 0.15% by weight of titanium and 3.8-4.9% by weight of copper, in addition to max. 0.15% by weight of other constituents (common impurities).
Particularly suitable as aluminum alloy (matrix material) Al 2124.

Zur Herstellung des Ventilfedertellers wird die keramikverstärkte Aluminiumlegierung auf eine Temperatur von 400 - 550°C vorgewärmt.
Vorzugsweise liegt die Vorwärmtemperatur in einem Bereich von 450 bis 520°C. Das Material wird solange erwärmt, bis es vollständig durchgewärmt ist. Vorteilhafterweise wird das Material auch noch eine kurze Zeit nach der vollständigen Durchwärmung auf der Vorwärmtemperatur gehalten.To produce the valve spring plate, the ceramic-reinforced aluminum alloy is preheated to a temperature of 400-550 ° C.
Preferably, the preheat temperature is in a range of 450 to 520 ° C. The material is heated until it is completely warmed up. Advantageously, the material is also kept for a short time after the complete heating at the preheating temperature.

Anschließend er folgt in einem Schmiedevorgang die Umformung des Materials zu gewünschten Form des Ventilfedertellers.
Der Schmiedevorgang wird vorzugsweise bei Werkzeugtemperaturen von 150 bis 360, besonders bevorzugt bei 285 - 310°C durchgeführt um das Auskühlen der Aluminiumlegierung während des Schmiedevorgangs zu vermeiden.
Die weiteren Parameter des Schmiedevorgangs, wie Schmiedehubgeschwindigkeit, Pressdruck und dergleichen sind vom verwendeten Schmiedewerkzeug abhängig.
Vorzugsweise wird ein beschichtetes Schmiedewerkzeug verwendet um eine hoher Lebensdauer des Werkzeugs bei den erforderlichen hohen Temperaturen der zu verformenden Legierung zur gewährleisten. Als Beschichtungen kommen beispielsweise TiN, TiAlN, TiCN, CrN, AlCrN, polykristalliner Diamant, Ni, Cr, CrCN und dergleichen, oder auch Kombinationen aus diesen Beschichtungsmaterialien in Frage.He then follows in a forging process, the transformation of the material to the desired shape of the valve spring plate.
The forging process is preferably carried out at tool temperatures of 150 to 360, more preferably 285 - 310 ° C to prevent the cooling of the aluminum alloy during the forging process.
The other parameters of the forging process, such as forging stroke speed, pressing pressure and the like, depend on the forging tool used.
Preferably, a coated forging tool is used to ensure a long life of the tool at the required high temperatures of the alloy to be deformed. Suitable coatings are, for example, TiN, TiAlN, TiCN, CrN, AlCrN, polycrystalline diamond, Ni, Cr, CrCN and the like, or also combinations of these coating materials.

Nach dem Schmieden wird der geformte Ventilfederteller einer Wärmebehandlung unterzogen.After forging, the formed valve spring plate is subjected to a heat treatment.

Dabei wird der geformte Ventilfederteller gegebenenfalls einem Lösungsglühvorgang bei einer Temperatur von 400 - 550°C unterzogen. Die Zeit des Lösungsglühvorgangs beträgt etwa 5 bis 40 min.
Anschließend wird der Ventilfederteller rasch abgekühlt, vorzugsweise durch Abschrecken mit Wasser und anschließend während einer bestimmten Zeitspanne auf einer definierten konstanten Temperatur gehalten. Die Temperatur beträgt dabei vorzugsweise zwischen 20 bis 220 ° C, vorzugsweise 20 bis 200 °C.
Die Zeitspanne beträgt vorzugsweise 10 bis 360 Stunden, vorzugsweise 12 bis 250 Stunden.
Durch die Wärmebehandlung wird das Gefüge der umgeformten Legierung und somit die mechanischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften des Ventilfedertellers positiv beeinflusst.The shaped valve spring plate is optionally subjected to a solution annealing process at a temperature of 400-550 ° C. The time of Lösungsglühvorgangs is about 5 to 40 min.
Subsequently, the valve spring plate is cooled rapidly, preferably maintained by quenching with water and then for a certain period of time at a defined constant temperature. The temperature is preferably between 20 to 220 ° C, preferably 20 to 200 ° C.
The period of time is preferably 10 to 360 hours, preferably 12 to 250 hours.
The heat treatment has a positive influence on the structure of the formed alloy and thus on the mechanical and physical properties of the valve spring plate.

In einem weiteren Verfahrensschritt wird der so hergestellte Ventilfederteller mit eine Beschichtung zur Erhöhung der Abriebfestigkeit, der mechanischen Beständigkeit und der Korrosionsfestigkeit versehen.In a further method step, the valve spring plate produced in this way is provided with a coating for increasing the abrasion resistance, the mechanical resistance and the corrosion resistance.

Als Beschichtungen kommen dabei anodisches Vernickeln, Beschichtungen mit DLC (diamond like carbon, beispielsweise DL coat PLASTIT®), oder sonstige Hartstoffbeschichtungen, in Frage.
Verfahren zur Aufbringung von Hartstoff - Beschichtungen sind beispielsweise aus EP 0 112 439 A , DE 41 24 730 A , DE 197 51 256 A , EP 0 919 645 A und DE 296 80 628 U bekannt.As coatings thereby come anodic nickel coatings with DLC (diamond-like carbon, for example, DL coat PLASTIT ®), or other hard coatings in question.
Methods for applying hard coatings are, for example EP 0 112 439 A . DE 41 24 730 A . DE 197 51 256 A . EP 0 919 645 A and DE 296 80 628 U known.

Im Wesentlichen erfolgt die Beschichtung in einem gekühlten Säureelektrolyten,
wobei das Werkstück als Anode geschaltet wird und im Laufe der Behandlung an der Oberfläche oxidiert. Dadurch wandelt sich die Oberfläche des Ventilfedertellers in eine keramikähnliche Schicht, die überwiegend aus amorphen Aluminumoxid besteht.Essentially, the coating takes place in a cooled acid electrolyte,
wherein the workpiece is switched as an anode and oxidized in the course of the treatment on the surface. As a result, the surface of the valve spring plate changes into a ceramic-like layer, which consists predominantly of amorphous aluminum oxide.

Beispiele:Examples: Beispiel 1:Example 1:

  • Werkstoff:Material:
  • AMC225xe:AMC225xe:
  • Matrixwerkstoff 2124Matrix material 2124
  • Verstärkungskomponente 25 Vol% SiCReinforcement component 25% by volume SiC
Vorwärmen:preheat:

Der Werkstoff wurde auf eine Temperatur von 497°C 20 min aufgewärmt, wobei der Werkstoff nach 15 min vollständig durchgewärmt war.The material was heated to a temperature of 497 ° C for 20 min, the material was completely warmed up after 15 min.

Schmieden:Forge:

Der Schmiedevorgang wurde bei einer Werkzeugtemperatur von 300°C durchgeführt.
Als Schmiedepresse wurde eine Schmiedepresse mit einer Presskraft von 200 t verwendet.The forging process was carried out at a mold temperature of 300 ° C.
The forging press used was a forging press with a press force of 200 t.

Wärmebehandlung:Heat treatment:

Wie oben angegeben geschmiedete Ventilfederteller wurden einer Wärmebehandlung unterzogen. Die Parameter der Wärmebehandlung sind unten stehender Tabelle 1 zu entnehmen. Lösungsglühen Auslagern Zustand Temperatur °C Zeit h Abschrecken Temperatur °C Zeit h T1 - - - - T4 495 0,4 Wasser 190 12 T6 495 0,4 Wasser 20 240 As indicated above forged valve spring plates were subjected to a heat treatment. The parameters of the heat treatment are shown in Table 1 below. solution annealing outsource Status Temperature ° C Time h Scare off Temperature ° C Time h T1 - - - - T4 495 0.4 water 190 12 T6 495 0.4 water 20 240

Beschichtung:coating:

Folgende Beschichtungsvarianten wurden durchgeführt: Zustand keine Beschichtung Hart Coat® Chemische Vernickelung T1 x x x T4 x T6 x x x The following coating variants were carried out: Status no coating Hart Coat® Chemical nickel plating T1 x x x T4 x T6 x x x

Beispiel 2:Example 2:

Prüfung der Eigenschaften des VentilfedertellersTesting the properties of the valve spring plate

a) Statischer Belastungstesta) Static load test

Prüfanordnung:
Krafteinleitung quasistatisch über den Ventilschaft. Der Probehalter wirkt ersatzweise für die Feder als Widerlager, der Prüfdorn leitet die Axialkraft am Ventilschaft ein.
Vorlast 500N
Prüfgeschwindigkeit 4mm/min
Abbruch nach Erreichen der Maximalkraft Zustand Axiale Maximalkraft(n) Axiale Verschiebung bei Maximalkraft (mm) T1 6293 0,58 T4 8372 0,98 T6 7936 1,19 test configuration:
Force introduction quasi-static over the valve stem. The sample holder acts as a substitute for the spring as an abutment, the Prüfdorn initiates the axial force on the valve stem.
Preload 500N
Test speed 4mm / min
Abort after reaching the maximum force Status Axial maximum force (s) Axial displacement at maximum force (mm) T1 6293 0.58 T4 8372 0.98 T6 7936 1.19

b) Dynamischer Belastungstest am Motorprüfstandb) Dynamic load test on the engine test bench Prüfanordnung:test configuration:

Je 4 Ventilfederteller wurden in üblicherweise in einen präparierten Motorradmotor eingebaut, 2 an Einlassventile und 2 an Auslassventilen.
Antrieb: Elektromotor, der die Kurbelwelle auf einer definierten Drehzahl hielt, die ihrerseits über Kettentrieb mit der Nockenwelle gekoppelt war.
Die Nockenwelle wirkte auf Kipphebel und erzeugte damit die oszillierende Ventilbewegung.
Zur Krafteinleitung in den Ventilfederteller wurden runde Stahlplättchen (Shims) eingesetzt.
Begonnen wurde mit einer Kurbelwellendrehzahl von 12 000/min, nach jeweils einer Stunde erfolgte Sichtkontrolle und eine Erhöhung der Drehzahl um 100/min.
Die letzte erreichte Drehzahl betrug 14000/min Zustand Lastwechsel (x106) Betriebsstunden T1 Hart Coat® 8,5 21, 8 T6 Hart Coat® 8,5 21, 8 Each 4 valve spring plates were usually installed in a prepared motorcycle engine, 2 on intake valves and 2 on exhaust valves.
Drive: Electric motor, which held the crankshaft at a defined speed, which in turn was coupled via chain drive with the camshaft.
The camshaft acted on rocker arms and thus generated the oscillating valve movement.
To introduce force into the valve spring plate, round steel plates (shims) were used.
It was started with a crankshaft speed of 12,000 / min, after one hour of visual inspection and an increase in speed by 100 / min.
The last reached speed was 14000 / min Status Load change (x10 6 ) operating hours T1 Hart Coat® 8.5 21, 8 T6 Hart Coat® 8.5 21, 8

Keiner der getesteten Ventilfederteller zeigte Verschleißerscheinungen.None of the tested valve spring plates showed signs of wear.

Claims (7)

Ventilfederteller für Motoren, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er aus einer keramikverstärkten Aluminium-Legierung besteht.Valve spring plate for engines, characterized in that it consists of a ceramic-reinforced aluminum alloy. Ventilfederteller nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er aus einer mit SiC oder Korund verstärkten Aluminiumlegierung besteht.Valve spring plate according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists of a reinforced with SiC or corundum aluminum alloy. Ventilfederteller nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Aluminiumlegierung 10 - 45 Vol % an Verstärkungsmaterial aufweist.Valve spring plate according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the aluminum alloy has 10-45% by volume of reinforcing material. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Ventilfedertellers gekennzeichnet durch folgende Verfahrensschritte: a) Vorwärmen eines Rohlings aus einer keramikverstärkten Aluminium-Legierung auf eine Temperatur von 400 - 550 °C b) Schmieden der Aluminiumlegierung bei einer Werkzeugtemperatur von 150 bis 360 °C, c) Wärmebehandeln des geschmiedeten Formstücks d) Mechanische Bearbeitung des Ventilfedertellers e) Beschichten des Formstücks, wobei die Schritte c und d auch in umgekehrter Reihenfolge durchgeführt werden können.Method for producing a valve spring plate characterized by the following method steps: a) preheating a blank made of a ceramic-reinforced aluminum alloy to a temperature of 400 - 550 ° C. b) forging the aluminum alloy at a mold temperature of 150 to 360 ° C, c) heat treating the forged fitting d) Mechanical processing of the valve spring plate e) coating the molding, wherein the steps c and d can also be performed in reverse order. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Schritt a) bei einer Temperatur von 450 bis 520°C durchgeführt wird.A method according to claim 4, characterized in that step a) is carried out at a temperature of 450 to 520 ° C. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Schritt c) folgende Schritte beinhaltet: a) ggf. erneutes Erwärmen des geschmiedeten Formstücks auf eine Temperatur von 400 - 550°C, b) rasches Abkühlen des Formstücks c) erneutes Erwärmen auf eine Temperatur von 20 - 220°C während einer Zeit von 10 bis 360 Stunden. Method according to one of claims 4 or 5, characterized in that step c) comprises the following steps: a) optionally reheating the forged blank to a temperature of 400-550 ° C, b) rapid cooling of the molding c) reheating to a temperature of 20-220 ° C for a period of 10 to 360 hours. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Schritt e) eine Hartstoff-Beschichtung, chemisches Vernickeln oder eine DLC-Beschichtung umfasst.Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that step e) comprises a hard coating, chemical nickel plating or a DLC coating.
EP09011575A 2008-09-23 2009-09-10 Valve spring disc and method for its manufacture Withdrawn EP2166200A1 (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018077664A1 (en) * 2016-10-26 2018-05-03 Mahle International Gmbh Cylinder head of an internal combustion engine

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JPS63183144A (en) * 1987-01-26 1988-07-28 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd Titanium alloy forged parts and production thereof
JPH02102306A (en) * 1988-10-08 1990-04-13 Showa Denko Kk Spring retainer
US5040501A (en) * 1987-03-31 1991-08-20 Lemelson Jerome H Valves and valve components
DE4021087A1 (en) 1990-07-03 1992-01-09 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Plastic valve-spring plate - has reinforcing fibres running radially to hole for valve stem
DE4120892A1 (en) 1991-06-25 1993-01-07 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Lightweight two=part valve spring retainer - consists of pad and reinforcing component
DE4124730A1 (en) 1991-07-25 1993-01-28 Friebe & Reininghaus Ahc Intercalation of fluorinated polymer particles - into microporous oxide surfaces of aluminium@, magnesium@ and aluminium@ magnesium@ alloy objects for homogeneous coating of polymers
DE4421408A1 (en) 1994-06-18 1995-12-21 Schaeffler Waelzlager Kg IC engine valve spring retainer plate
EP0693615A1 (en) 1994-07-21 1996-01-24 Fuji Oozx Inc. Coil retainer for engine valve and preparation of the same
EP0701003A2 (en) * 1994-08-25 1996-03-13 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Heat- and abrasion-resistant aluminium alloy and retainer and valve lifter formed therefrom
EP0864731A1 (en) 1995-12-04 1998-09-16 Fuji Oozx Inc. A1 alloy valve spring retainer
DE29680628U1 (en) 1995-07-28 1998-11-05 Electro Chemical Engineering Gmbh, Zug Microporous cover layers with embedded brines
DE19751256A1 (en) 1997-11-19 1999-05-27 Ahc Oberflaechentechnik Gmbh Die-cast aluminum part with an aluminum oxide conversion layer and process for its production
EP1586668A1 (en) 2004-03-31 2005-10-19 HONDA MOTOR CO., Ltd. Valve spring retainer made of titanium
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0112439A2 (en) 1982-11-30 1984-07-04 Electro Chemical Engineering GmbH Process for the anodic oxidation of aluminium alloys
JPS63183144A (en) * 1987-01-26 1988-07-28 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd Titanium alloy forged parts and production thereof
US5040501A (en) * 1987-03-31 1991-08-20 Lemelson Jerome H Valves and valve components
JPH02102306A (en) * 1988-10-08 1990-04-13 Showa Denko Kk Spring retainer
DE4021087A1 (en) 1990-07-03 1992-01-09 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Plastic valve-spring plate - has reinforcing fibres running radially to hole for valve stem
DE4120892A1 (en) 1991-06-25 1993-01-07 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Lightweight two=part valve spring retainer - consists of pad and reinforcing component
DE4124730A1 (en) 1991-07-25 1993-01-28 Friebe & Reininghaus Ahc Intercalation of fluorinated polymer particles - into microporous oxide surfaces of aluminium@, magnesium@ and aluminium@ magnesium@ alloy objects for homogeneous coating of polymers
DE4421408A1 (en) 1994-06-18 1995-12-21 Schaeffler Waelzlager Kg IC engine valve spring retainer plate
EP0693615A1 (en) 1994-07-21 1996-01-24 Fuji Oozx Inc. Coil retainer for engine valve and preparation of the same
EP0701003A2 (en) * 1994-08-25 1996-03-13 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Heat- and abrasion-resistant aluminium alloy and retainer and valve lifter formed therefrom
DE29680628U1 (en) 1995-07-28 1998-11-05 Electro Chemical Engineering Gmbh, Zug Microporous cover layers with embedded brines
EP0864731A1 (en) 1995-12-04 1998-09-16 Fuji Oozx Inc. A1 alloy valve spring retainer
DE19751256A1 (en) 1997-11-19 1999-05-27 Ahc Oberflaechentechnik Gmbh Die-cast aluminum part with an aluminum oxide conversion layer and process for its production
EP0919645A2 (en) 1997-11-19 1999-06-02 AHC-Oberflächentechnik GmbH & Co. OHG Aluminium casting piece with an aluminium oxide conversion coating and process for its manufacture
EP1586668A1 (en) 2004-03-31 2005-10-19 HONDA MOTOR CO., Ltd. Valve spring retainer made of titanium
KR20080015224A (en) * 2006-08-14 2008-02-19 현대자동차주식회사 Preparing method of valve spring retainer for automobile

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018077664A1 (en) * 2016-10-26 2018-05-03 Mahle International Gmbh Cylinder head of an internal combustion engine

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