EP2165378A1 - Organic component vertically emitting white light - Google Patents
Organic component vertically emitting white lightInfo
- Publication number
- EP2165378A1 EP2165378A1 EP08784221A EP08784221A EP2165378A1 EP 2165378 A1 EP2165378 A1 EP 2165378A1 EP 08784221 A EP08784221 A EP 08784221A EP 08784221 A EP08784221 A EP 08784221A EP 2165378 A1 EP2165378 A1 EP 2165378A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- cover layer
- organic
- organic layers
- light
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/85—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
- H10K50/858—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices comprising refractive means, e.g. lenses
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
- H10K50/125—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers specially adapted for multicolour light emission, e.g. for emitting white light
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/85—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
- H10K50/852—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices comprising a resonant cavity structure, e.g. Bragg reflector pair
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2102/00—Constructional details relating to the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K2102/301—Details of OLEDs
- H10K2102/302—Details of OLEDs of OLED structures
- H10K2102/3023—Direction of light emission
- H10K2102/3026—Top emission
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2102/00—Constructional details relating to the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K2102/301—Details of OLEDs
- H10K2102/351—Thickness
Definitions
- the invention is in the field of organic, white light upward emitting devices.
- Such devices are typically formed on a supporting substrate and typically have a bottom electrode and a top electrode and an array of thin organic layers disposed between and in electrical contact with the bottom electrode and the top electrode.
- the array of organic layers is configured to emit light upon application of an electrical voltage to the base electrode and the top electrode.
- the light is generated by injecting electrical charge carriers into the arrangement of organic layers, namely electrons and holes, which then pass to a so-called light-emitting region, which is also referred to as an emitter zone, and recombine there with the emission of light.
- a so-called light-emitting region which is also referred to as an emitter zone
- the generated light is emitted substantially through the transparent cover electrode, it is referred to an upwardly emitting or top emitting device.
- the light emission essentially takes place through the transparent base electrode.
- Such components are known in particular in the form of organic light-emitting diodes, which are abbreviated to OLED.
- OLEDs are based on complex processes. Therefore, the question of special structures is close, which are particularly easy and cheap to produce. Upwardly emitting OLEDs place little demands on the type and nature of the substrate on which the device is manufactured. In contrast, bottom-emitting OLEDs, that is down-emitting OLEDs, require a transparent substrate, for example in the form of glass or plastic, including a conductive coating with defined boundary conditions with regard to optical and mechanical properties such as low absorption, high transparency, conductivity, low roughness and possibly flexibility.
- Organic light-emitting for illumination or signaling purposes moreover, should be able to generate and radiate light as efficiently as possible.
- the emitted light should meet various requirements, for example with regard to color and brightness of the viewing direction, which can be characterized by means of a viewing angle, be lent be independent.
- the ratio of the number of light quanta that can leave the device to the number of light quanta that are generated in the device is referred to as coupling-out efficiency.
- a very good possibility to increase this is to embed the component in a microcavity, that is to say between two reflective layers which act as mirrors, as is the case in top-emitting components, in particular OLEDs.
- this design significantly increases the luminous efficacy, in turn, the angular dependence of the emission spectrum deteriorates. Thus, it is generally not only a reduction in intensity at larger viewing angles, but above all to a significant color distortion of the emitted light.
- the advantage of using a microcavity structure which is useful for monochromatic-emitting organic components, can also lead to disadvantages, in particular for top-emitting OLEDs which are intended to emit white light.
- the generation of white light is usually realized in organic light-emitting components by means of additive color mixing.
- One possibility is to introduce at least two, better three different types of emitter molecules into the device, which each radiate a certain part of the light spectrum (color) in order to produce white light in the sum. Because of the preferred emission of a certain spectral range in microcavities, it is therefore rather difficult to decouple white light from the component.
- the optical path of the light in a microcavity is dependent on the angle, resulting in a strong viewing angle dependence of the emission spectrum. Due to these properties, such structures obviously do not meet the required requirements. Accordingly, a top-emitting OLED capable of emitting in a broad spectral range despite this microcavity structure and having a relatively non-viewing-angle spectrum is of great interest.
- Phys., 100 (6) , 2006, 064507-1 - 064507-5) have shown that the emission can be changed, even increased, by means of an additional organic dielectric layer on the cover electrode, without influencing electrical conduction processes within the microcavity.
- the additional cover layer with its properties such as thickness and refractive index, was adapted to monochromatic-emitting OLEDs in order to achieve the highest possible transmission of the optical subsystem. In the spectral range in the forward direction, however, brightness is lost at higher viewing angles, ie in the best case an enhancement of the microcavity effect is achieved.
- the object of the invention is to provide an organic, white light emitting element upwards, in which the white light emission is improved.
- an organic, white light emitting element upwards with an electrode, a transparent and designed as a cover electrode counter electrode and an array of organic layers, which is arranged between and in electrical contact with the electrode on the counter electrode and which is configured when applying an electrical - see voltage to the electrode and the counter electrode to emit light created, wherein on the counter electrode on a side facing away from the array of organic layers, a cover layer is applied with a thickness in nanometers in a layer thickness range D as follows:
- n 10.4n 2 - 75n + 150 and n is the optical refractive index of the capping layer.
- the scope of the white-light emission can be optimized and, moreover, the spectral emission distribution of the emitted light largely independent of the viewing angle.
- n of the cover layer it is formed with a thickness in a predetermined layer thickness range.
- the emission of the light of different wavelengths produced in the arrangement of organic layers, which is finally composed additively to white light no longer delivers only a certain wavelength range to the outside, as is the case in the prior art is.
- the angular dependence of the emission spectrum is also minimized.
- the optical refractive index n of the cover layer lies in a range between approximately 1.8 and approximately 2.4.
- cover layer is made of an organic material.
- the cover layer is made to form an optical microcavity between an electrode region on a side of the electrode facing the arrangement of organic layers and an edge region on a side of the cover layer facing away from the arrangement of organic layers.
- the optical microcavity is formed completely overlapping with another optical microcavity in the arrangement of organic layers.
- a further development of the invention can provide that emitter materials which emit additively white light-mixing light of different colors are arranged in a light-emitting region encompassed by the arrangement of organic layers.
- a preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the arrangement of organic layers comprises one or more doped organic layers which have an electrical doping.
- a further preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the electrode is designed semitransparent. In this way, a semitransparent element is created.
- 1 is a schematic representation of a structure of an organic, white light emitting device upwards
- FIG. 2 is a graph of phase difference versus wavelength for first and second optical microcavities
- FIG. 3 is a plot of relative emission versus wavelength at different viewing angles for an organic bare-top emitting device
- FIG. 5 is a graphical representation of the relative emission as a function of the wavelength at different viewing angles for an organic, white light-emitting component with a cover layer having a thickness of 50 nm and an optical refractive index of 1.8
- FIG. 6 is a graphical representation of the relative emission versus wavelength at different viewing angles for an organic white light emitting device having a cap layer with a thickness of 40nm and an optical refractive index of FIG. 2.
- white light em 9 shows a graphic representation of the thickness of a cover layer for an organic, white light-emitting component as a function of the optical refractive index of the cover layer for which the respective color coordinates of the relative emission at 0 ° viewing angle in the CIE 1931 color space correspond to the white point (0.33; 0.33) are
- FIG. 10 shows a graphic representation of the thickness of the cover layer for an organic, white-light-emitting component as a function of the optical refractive index of the cover layer, for which the respective color coordinates of the relative emission at 0 ° viewing angle in the CIE 1931 color space correspond to the white point (0.33; 0.33) are closest to each other (optimum white light affinity) and layer thicknesses of the topcoat for an organic, white light emitting device as a function of the optical refractive index of the cover layer for configurations at the tolerance limits of +/- 20%, Fig.
- 11 is a graph of the thickness of Cover layer for an organic, white light emitting device as a function of the optical refractive index of the cover layer, for which the change of color coordinates for viewing angles in the range of 0 ° to 60 ° is minimal (highest color fidelity), and the layer thicknesses of the cover layer for an organic, white light emitting Component in waste Optical cladding index dependence for configurations at the tolerance limits of +/- 20% with the respective change of color coordinates for viewing angles in the range of 0 ° to 60 °,
- 13 is a graphical representation of the relative emission as a function of wavelength at different viewing angles for an organic, white light emitting device with a cover layer with a thickness of 48 nm and an optical refractive index of 1.8 and
- FIG. 14 is a plot of relative emission versus wavelength at different viewing angles for an organic white light emitting device having a cap layer with a thickness of 58 nm (upper tolerance limit) and an optical refractive index of 1.8.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an organic, white-light-emitting component, which is therefore also referred to as a top-emitting component and, in particular, can be embodied as an organic light-emitting diode in which a base electrode 2 is formed as an anode on a substrate 1, which is formed, for example, of silver and with a layer thickness of at least about 80 nm.
- a stack of organic layers 3, which are each made of organic material, applied which is preferably formed with a layer thickness of about 100 nm and a light-emitting region 4 comprises, in which in the stack of organic layers 3 injected charge carriers recombine with the release of light.
- the stack of organic layers 3 is followed by a cover electrode 5 in the form of a cathode which, for example, is likewise made of silver and with a layer thickness of approximately 15 nm.
- the cover electrode 5 is provided with a cover layer 6 made of an organic material, which is formed as an additional layer. Not shown in FIG. 1 is an optionally provided encapsulation of the component on the cover layer 6.
- an interface A between the cover electrode 5 and the cover layer 6 changes Covering layer 6 borders the cover electrode 5 in air. Furthermore, an interface B arises between the cover layer 6 and air, which is not present without the provision of the cover layer 6. Finally, the optical refractive index for the region between the boundary surfaces A and B, namely the region of the cover layer 6, is changed.
- optical microcavities 7, 8 influence the propagation of electromagnetic waves representing the light generated in the light emitting area 4 in the device.
- resonance conditions arise in conjunction with the optical microcavities 7, 8, which is equivalent to the formation of standing waves.
- the electromagnetic waves whose wavelengths satisfy the resonance conditions are referred to as modes of the resonator formed by the optical microcavity (Fig. 3).
- the degree of reflection in the end regions of the resonator decides whether a mode is narrowband (high reflection) or rather broadband (low reflection).
- the first optical microcavity 7 forms the actual resonator whose single mode is relatively narrow-band due to the metal cover electrode 5 used and lies in the visible wavelength range of the light.
- the second optical microcavity 8 is formed between the interface B and the base electrode 2.
- the light emitted to the outside, namely to the top, is no longer determined in its properties by the first optical microcavity 7 but by both optical microcavities 7, 8.
- the result is a coexistence of the two optical micro cavities 7, 8, whose modes can mutually reinforce, if their resonance conditions apply to the same wavelength range.
- an optimized microcavity effect is obtained for the corresponding wavelength range, whereby a higher intensity of the emitted light in the forward direction is obtained (see Fig. 4).
- the refractive index n of the cover layer 6 has a significant influence on the strength of resonances of the two optical microcavities 7, 8 and thus the shape of the optical spectrum.
- light in the green and in the yellow spectral range is preferably emitted by the first optical microcavity 7.
- light in the blue and red spectral regions satisfies the resonance condition in the second optical microcavity 8 (see Fig. 2), so that the result is a combination of opposing efforts of the two optical microcavities 7, 8.
- Such an overlay which is dominated by neither of the two optical microcavities 7, 8, is responsible for the fact that the typically observed microcavity effects in the proposed organic, white-light emitting device are hardly or not at all observable.
- the lack of a strong microcavity factor further leads to a very weak dependence of the emission spectrum on the viewing angle (see Fig. 5).
- the total amount of light that the Leaves device, so sets when using the cover layer 6 in the specified manner a maximum value for the Auskoppeleffizienz.
- emission affinities are used for the characterization since they describe the optical properties of an upwardly emitting component independently of the emitter materials used.
- the emission affinity refers to a fictitious emission spectrum that would be emitted if the molecules of the emitter materials embedded in the stack of organic layers 3 emit a constant spectrum, i. H. a spectrum in which the intensity has the same value for all wavelengths. It thus shows which spectral ranges are preferred by the selected component structure or which are coupled out less well. For white light emitting devices, no special spectral range should be preferred, but a rather wide range of microcavities should be created to ensure that red, green and blue components of the white light are well coupled.
- the color coordinates in the CIE color space are used.
- the distance of a point in the color space from the ideal white point (0.33, 0.33) can be used as a measure to numerically characterize associated spectra with respect to their color.
- spectra can be compared on the basis of numbers and, for relevant refractive indices of the cover layer, the optimum layer thicknesses for which the above-described effect of a broad affinity occurs (see FIG. 7).
- the color coordinates of the CIE color space are also used to characterize the angle dependence of the affinity. These and thus the associated point in the color space will - depending on the cover layer 6 - change with the angle of view.
- the maximum change in the color coordinates relative to the color coordinates of 0 ° can be used as a measure of the color fidelity (see FIG. 8). It must be mentioned in this context that only angles between 0 and 60 ° are considered here, since for larger angles in general the p-polarized portion of the affinity has a large influence. As a result, the largest color deviation for most component structures occurs at about 80 °, ie at angles of rather low practical significance.
- FIG. 9 shows a graphical representation of the thickness of a cover layer for an organic, white light-emitting component as a function of the optical refractive index of the cover layer for which the respective color coordinates of the relative emission at 0 ° viewing angle in the CIE 1931 color space correspond to the white point (0.33; 0.33) are closest (optimum white-light affinity) and the change of color coordinates for the viewing angle in the range of 0 ° to 60 ° becomes minimal (highest color fidelity).
- FIG. 10 shows a graph of the thickness of the cover layer for an organic, white light-emitting component as a function of the optical refractive index of the cover layer, for which the respective color coordinates of the relative emission at 0 ° viewing angle in the CIE 1931 color space correspond to the white point (0.33; , 33) are closest to each other (optimum white-light affinity) and layer thicknesses of the cover layer for an organic, white light-emitting component as a function of the optical refractive index of the cover layer for configurations at the tolerance limits of +/- 20%.
- the cover layer thicknesses are plotted at the lower and upper limits of the tolerance range depending on the optical refractive index.
- the maximum change in the color coordinates between the viewing angles 0 ° and 60 ° with respect to 0 ° serves as a measure of the color fidelity of the emission as a function of the viewing angle.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102007028821A DE102007028821A1 (en) | 2007-06-20 | 2007-06-20 | Organic, white light upwards emitting device |
PCT/DE2008/001016 WO2008154908A1 (en) | 2007-06-20 | 2008-06-20 | Organic component vertically emitting white light |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2165378A1 true EP2165378A1 (en) | 2010-03-24 |
Family
ID=39847040
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP08784221A Withdrawn EP2165378A1 (en) | 2007-06-20 | 2008-06-20 | Organic component vertically emitting white light |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20100237333A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2165378A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2010530617A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20100036331A (en) |
DE (1) | DE102007028821A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008154908A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7948172B2 (en) | 2007-09-28 | 2011-05-24 | Global Oled Technology Llc | LED device having improved light output |
KR102215147B1 (en) | 2014-08-14 | 2021-02-15 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | Organic light emitting diode display |
KR102231631B1 (en) | 2014-10-08 | 2021-03-24 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | Organic light emitting diode display |
KR102298757B1 (en) | 2014-10-24 | 2021-09-07 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | Organic light emitting diode device |
GB2542568B (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2018-05-30 | Cambridge Display Tech Ltd | An organic light emitting device which emits white light |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6879618B2 (en) * | 2001-04-11 | 2005-04-12 | Eastman Kodak Company | Incoherent light-emitting device apparatus for driving vertical laser cavity |
US7268485B2 (en) * | 2003-10-07 | 2007-09-11 | Eastman Kodak Company | White-emitting microcavity OLED device |
US7049741B2 (en) | 2004-01-27 | 2006-05-23 | Eastman Kodak Company | Organic light emitting diode with improved light emission through substrate |
US7196469B2 (en) * | 2004-06-18 | 2007-03-27 | Eastman Kodak Company | Reducing undesirable absorption in a microcavity OLED |
US7504770B2 (en) * | 2005-02-09 | 2009-03-17 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Enhancement of light extraction with cavity and surface modification |
WO2007141702A1 (en) * | 2006-06-07 | 2007-12-13 | Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh | White oled with high lumen efficacy |
US7800295B2 (en) * | 2006-09-15 | 2010-09-21 | Universal Display Corporation | Organic light emitting device having a microcavity |
-
2007
- 2007-06-20 DE DE102007028821A patent/DE102007028821A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2008
- 2008-06-20 KR KR1020107001327A patent/KR20100036331A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-06-20 WO PCT/DE2008/001016 patent/WO2008154908A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-06-20 JP JP2010512511A patent/JP2010530617A/en active Pending
- 2008-06-20 EP EP08784221A patent/EP2165378A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-06-20 US US12/665,052 patent/US20100237333A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2008154908A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2008154908A1 (en) | 2008-12-24 |
DE102007028821A1 (en) | 2009-01-08 |
JP2010530617A (en) | 2010-09-09 |
KR20100036331A (en) | 2010-04-07 |
US20100237333A1 (en) | 2010-09-23 |
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