Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
  • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
  • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
  • C03B13/00—Rolling molten glass, i.e. where the molten glass is shaped by rolling
  • C03B13/08—Rolling patterned sheets, e.g. sheets having a surface pattern
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
  • H01L31/02—Details
  • H01L31/0236—Special surface textures
  • H01L31/02366—Special surface textures of the substrate or of a layer on the substrate, e.g. textured ITO/glass substrate or superstrate, textured polymer layer on glass substrate
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
  • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
  • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
  • H01L31/0543—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the refractive type, e.g. lenses
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
  • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
  • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
  • H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
  • H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
  • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
  • Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness

Definitions

• the invention relates to the field of devices for converting solar energy into electrical energy for industrial or domestic application, comprising or consisting of photovoltaic modules. More particularly, the invention relates to the field of photovoltaic devices or modules incorporating concentrators, in the form of a textured substrate for concentrating and guiding the incident light to the photovoltaic cells enabling said conversion.
• Solar energy is now considered a source of clean energy that can in some cases be an alternative to fossil fuels.
• the photovoltaic energy market in the industrial and domestic sector has been experiencing very high growth rates for several years.
• global output of modules was about 2.1 GW (gigawatts), which is equivalent to about 15.5 million m 2 of modules (for a standard crystalline silicon module).
• the estimated growth rate for 2007 is 26%, after being 23% in 2006 and 41% in 2005.
• the total amount of energy generated by the device is of course directly proportional to the surface covered by the device, and more specifically by the cumulative area covered by all the photovoltaic cells incorporated in the conversion system.
• the amount of energy but also the cost of the investment are currently directly proportional to the size of the installation.
• the main element that currently limits even higher growth is the shortage of silicon used in the manufacture of photovoltaic cells, whose solar energy market is the largest market.
• this shortage explains to a large extent that the cost of a current installation no longer increases essentially according to the overall size of the installation, but especially according to the part covered by the photovoltaic cells themselves.
• an approach already described consists in producing solar modules of large surface integrating a texture substrate that allows the concentration of light on smaller surface cells.
• the introduction of light concentrators makes it possible to substantially reduce the surface area of the photovoltaic cells, thereby reducing the overall cost of the installation. .
• Patent application WO2006 / 133126 or US2006 / 272698 discloses possible embodiments of a textured substrate acting as a light concentrator.
• a photovoltaic module 1 is formed of a series of elementary photovoltaic cells 4 in the form of strips bonded to a glass substrate 5.
• the substrate 5 has a texturing 7 of the two-dimensional type, as shown in FIG. 1a, configured to allow the trapping of light. More particularly, the texturing 7 may be described as consisting of a succession of triangular prisms 8, parallel to each other and whose end is truncated, so that the substrate has, on its inner side, a flat strip 11 whose surface corresponds to that of the photovoltaic strip 4 placed opposite.
• the operating principle is easily understood if we consider the trajectory of the rays 2 and 2 ', as shown in FIG. 1b.
• the two rays are refracted at the air-glass interface 6.
• the refracted ray 2 arrives directly on the photovoltaic cell 4, while the radius 2 'undergoes a total internal reflection, in point 3, before reaching the cell 4.
• the person skilled in the art thus easily understands that the rays having angles of incidence that are even relatively high relative to the normal to the surface of the substrate 5 will nevertheless be collected by the photovoltaic cells, which induces a concentration of light, within the meaning of the present invention.
• a concentration factor can also be easily calculated, corresponding to the ratio between the spacing between two successive texturations and the width of the photovoltaic cells, that is to say the width 9 of the strip 11.
• the term "spacing" according to the present invention corresponds to the pitch of the texturing pattern, or to the distance between the median positions of two successive cells.
• the angle of reception of the light rays can be substantially increased by using a texturing in the form whose reliefs are comparable to those described in relation to Figure 1 but whose rounded sides 20, as shown in FIG. 2. Parabolic flanks appeared very effective for trapping light.
• a mineral glass has many advantages, in particular as regards the behavior over time, for its high resistance to temperature or UV for example. A glass with a low iron content is preferred to minimize absorption.
• Albarino® glass from Saint-Gobain Glass.
• the method of manufacturing the textured substrate is a problem. Indeed, it is immediately conceivable, according to the representation described in Figures 1 and 2, that during the manufacture of the photovoltaic module 1, the photovoltaic cells shown in these figures in the form of strips 4 must be placed with the greatest precision strips 11 on the entire surface of the module 1. In addition, due to a share of the production costs and secondly the need to achieve and verify, before the assembly of the substrate 5, all the electrical connections. necessary for the proper functioning of the module, the manufacturing process requires that the bonding of all the photovoltaic strips 4 on the strips 11 facing the textured substrate is done in a single step. Under these conditions, it is therefore conceivable that the substrate 11 must have a very precisely defined and regular texturing, not only at the widths 9 of the strips 11, which must correspond exactly to those of the strips 4, but also at the spacings 10 between two successive textures.
• the most conventionally used method for the manufacture of large glass substrate consists of a rolling process, the principle of which is illustrated in FIG. 3, in which the molten glass 30, drawn on a refractory 33, is formed by the passage through metal rollers 32 and 34.
• the glass has a temperature of about 1200 0 C before forming and about 850 0 C output of the rolling machine.
• a conventional technique is to use rolls having the negative of the pattern or texturing that is desired on the glass.
• These texturing techniques are notably known in the field of decorated glass or else in the field of photovoltaic devices, for example in the publication EP 1774372.
• the rollers may have an etching on the upper and / or lower face. As is well known, the glass is then stretched and sent to a lehr.
• FIG. 4a illustrates a conventional roll model 40 having a constant spacing d between two texturing patterns 41 and 42.
• These texturing patterns are constituted for example by a set of reliefs or excrescences, for example of prismatic shapes, present on the surface of the roller 40 and parallel to each other.
• the reliefs typically make it possible to obtain, on the internal face of the substrate 5, the texturing 7 described above in relation to FIGS. 1 or 2.
• FIG. 4b a photovoltaic substrate obtained by such a method is shown.
• the object of the present invention thus consists of a method making it possible to solve the problems previously described, and consists in particular of a method making it possible to obtain a glass substrate having texturing whose accuracy is improved.
• Such an improvement has the effect of ensuring during manufacture of a photovoltaic module, particularly on an industrial scale, a sufficiently precise assembly of said substrate with the photovoltaic cells placed under said texturing.
• the present invention relates to a method for obtaining an outer coating of a photovoltaic device, said coating consisting of a glass substrate having texturing in the form of at least one row of parallel grooves between they are preferably spaced at a regular distance from said method, characterized in that, for the printing of said texturing, texturizing means incorporating reliefs whose spacing is different from the distance d between two rows of grooves on the glass substrate.
• said printing means comprise at least one roller having reliefs whose spacing is different from the distance d between two rows of grooves on the glass substrate.
• the spacing between two successive reliefs on the printing means is not constant.
• the spacing between two successive reliefs on the printing roll is minimal in the middle of the roll and maximum at its ends.
• the increase in the spacing between two successive reliefs from the middle of the roll towards its ends is progressive and follows a parabolic law or a higher order polynomial law.
• the invention also relates to the glass substrate for photovoltaic application, having a texturing whose accuracy is improved by the use of a manufacturing method as previously discussed.
• the invention relates to a glass substrate for photovoltaic application that can be obtained by such a method and having on at least one of its main faces texturing in the form of at least one row of parallel grooves between them spaced apart by an average regular distance d, said substrate being characterized in that, in the direction of texturing, the maximum gap between the position of a groove n and its theoretical position nxd is less than 10% of said average distance d. Preferably said maximum deviation is less than 5% or even 2% of said average distance.
• the glass substrate for photovoltaic application according to the invention has for example on at least one of its main faces a texturing in the form of at least one row of grooves parallel to each other spaced apart by a mean regular distance d and is characterized in that, in the texturing direction, the dispersion around the average value is less than 2% of said distance d and preferably less than 1% of said distance d.
• the invention also relates to a substrate having such texturing on its two main faces.
• the performance of the module can be further improved.
• a photovoltaic module has been obtained for the first time with sufficient accuracy according to the present invention, comprising a glass substrate having a texturing on its two main faces, the texturations of the inner face and the outer face being configured and disposed relative to each other to contribute to an increase in the concentration factor of the incident solar radiation to the areas of said inner face of said substrate in contact with which are arranged the photovoltaic cells in said module.
• the texturations present on the inner and outer faces of the glass substrate are arranged in parallel lines.
• said textures on the inner and outer face should preferably be configured and arranged precisely with respect to each other, to compete together in a further increase in the concentration factor of the light.
• the texturations present on the inner and outer faces of the glass substrate are arranged along orthogonal lines. In this case, the tests carried out by the applicant have shown that a precise arrangement of said textures on the inner and the outer face with respect to each other is not necessarily necessary to obtain the effect of further increase of the factor. of concentration of light.
• the texturing of the inner face of the glass substrate comprises at least one row of grooves parallel to each other and spaced apart by a distance d, and the texturing of the outer face consists of a row of parallel grooves between them, arranged to the right of the grooves of the internal face and spaced from the same distance d.
• the texturing of the inner face of the glass substrate comprises at least one row of grooves parallel to each other and spaced apart by a distance d, and the texturing of the outer face consists of a row of lenses of the type cylindrical parallel to each other and spaced from the same distance d.
• the texturing of the inner face of the glass substrate comprises at least one row of grooves parallel to each other and spaced apart by a distance d, and the texturing of the outer face consists of a network of three-dimensional patterns such as than pyramids or cones.
• the texturing of the inner face of the glass substrate comprises at least one row of grooves parallel to each other and spaced apart by a distance d
• the texturing of the outer face comprises at least one row of parallel grooves between them, the grooves of the upper and lower faces being arranged orthogonally relative to each other.
• the invention also relates to the glass substrate as described above and having texturing on its two main faces.
• FIG. 1 already described above, illustrates two schematic views, in perspective and in section, of a photovoltaic module incorporating a textured glass substrate acting as a concentrator of solar radiation on the photovoltaic cells.
• Figure 2 illustrates another embodiment in which the texturing has a grooving whose flanks are rounded.
• FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a rolling method in which rolling rolls are used. Further serving texturing means, within the meaning of the present invention.
• FIG. 4a schematizes, according to the prior art, a roller having texturing reliefs whose spacing d is constant, making it possible, after forming and rolling, to obtain the textured glass substrate shown in FIG. 4b.
• FIG. 5a illustrates a roller according to one embodiment of the invention comprising a roller incorporating reliefs according to the invention, making it possible to obtain, after forming and rolling, the glass texture substrate represented in FIG. 5b and whose spacing d between two successive grooves is constant.
• Figure 6 illustrates a sectional view of an embossment embodiment present on the surface of the texturizing roll.
• FIG. 7 schematizes an exemplary embodiment of a typical texturing obtainable by application of the present invention.
• FIG. 8 represents a first embodiment of a glass texture substrate on its two main faces according to the present invention.
• Figures 9a, 9b and 9c show three variants of a second embodiment of a glass substrate texture on its two main faces according to the present invention.
• Fig. 10 shows a third embodiment of a glass texture substrate on its two main faces according to the present invention.
• FIG. 11 represents a fourth embodiment of a glass-texture substrate on its two main faces according to the present invention.
• a roller 50 for carrying out the method according to the invention.
• the roller 50 having a non-constant spacing between the lines of relief 51 and 52 and between the lines of relief 51 and 53 or else 52 and 54. More precisely, to obtain a constant spacing d on the glazing as shown in FIG. 5b it is necessary, when using a laminating roll, that the spacing between two successive reliefs on the printing means is not constant, in the direction of the length of the roll.
• X n is, in absolute value, the distance between the center of the roll and the n th relief.
• parabolic variation is understood to mean, for example, a variation according to a general law of the type: d n + i and X n have the same s igni ication as before and a, b and c are constants.
• the position of the first relief can indifferently be or not in the center of the roll.
• FIG. 6 represents a typical profile, seen in section, of a relief of the rolling roller 50 of FIG. 5, making it possible to obtain the desired texturing on the substrate.
• FIG. 6 shows the profile of the reliefs 60 present on the surface 63 of the roll 50.
• the desired ideal profile on the final glass substrate is shown along the dotted line 62, the line in the line full 61 representing the profile actually obtained on the glass, in the end, if the roller 50 has the relief 60.
• FIG. An exemplary embodiment of a textured glass substrate obtained by applying the method according to the invention is described.
• the textured glass plate 5 has a total thickness of 4 mm and has a spacing between two texturations equal to 4 mm.
• the depth 70 of the texturing is 1.2 mm.
• the profile of the texture is parabolic, with a tangent at the point A which forms an angle of 40 ° with the plane of the plate at point A.
• the bands 11, on which will be placed the cells (not shown in Figure I) 1 have a width of 2mm, which corresponds to a concentration factor of 200%.
• a roller has been used whose spacing d between the successive reliefs, as described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6, follows a parabolic law, in the sense previously described.
• the variations obtained on the parameters 11, 10, characteristics of the texturing, are less than 0.1 mm or even less than 0.05 mm.
• the present invention is not limited to the texturing profile shown in FIG. 7.
• the cells may have a width of between a few mm and a few cm and a length of several cm.
• the present invention is applicable to obtaining any type of texturing for obtaining a concentration of light, as previously described.
• the principles and embodiments described in the present application can be applied to other cylindrical geometry patterns obtained for example by a process for rolling glass between two rollers or another etching process. and / or texturing.
• a textured surface associated with a mirror layer it is possible in particular to obtain a textured surface associated with a mirror layer.
• This configuration makes it possible to obtain interesting concentration factors.
• a textured glass plate is used at relatively low angles, which is covered with a reflective layer. In this way photovoltaic cells receive both direct and reflected light.
• the patterns described above are arranged on the underside (or inner) of the glass substrate, that is to say on the side intended to be placed directly opposite the photovoltaic cells in the module, it it is also possible, according to other embodiments of the invention, to have on a glass substrate texturing on the two main faces, that is to say on the inner and outer faces.
• the precision obtained on the respective profiles of the patterns on the inner and outer faces, as well as the precision obtained on their respective positions, made it possible to obtain a substantial increase in the concentration factor of the incident solar radiation towards the zones. of the inner face of said substrate in contact with which the photovoltaic cells are arranged in the module.
• textured substrates could be obtained using, according to the principles described in relation to FIG. 3, lower and upper rollers incorporating reliefs adapted to obtain the desired profiles, according to the principles previously described.
• FIG 8 there is shown a first glass substrate 80 texture on its two faces 81 and 82.
• the texturing on the inner face 82 corresponds to that already described in relation to Figures 1 or 7.
• the substrate 80 incorporates on its outer face 81 an array of cylindrical lenses 83, each lens being centered in front of an underlying photovoltaic cell.
• FIG. 9 represents a texturing on the outer face consisting of a parallel series of triangular right prisms 90.
• the external texturing of the substrate of FIG. 9b consists of a succession of parallel triangular prisms 91 whose end 92 is truncated, identical or different from those constituting the texturing of the inner face.
• the external texturing of the substrate of FIG. 9c consists of a succession of triangular prisms 93 whose flanks 94 are rounded.
• FIG. 10 illustrates another embodiment in which the texturing of the external face has According to this mode, the best concentration factors have been obtained when the patterns 100 are arranged as illustrated by FIG. 10, that is to say when the vertices of the patterns are inscribed along lines parallel 101 disposed at the right of the median 102 of the strips 4 of photovoltaic cells.
• FIG. 11 illustrates another embodiment in which the texturing of the external face is two-dimensional and is in the form of parallel prisms 110 oriented orthogonally with respect to the two-dimensional patterns of the internal face.
• the texturing of the outer face, arranged orthogonally with respect to that of the inner face may also be of the type described above, in connection with FIGS. 9a, 9b or 9c.
• the latter variants also have the advantage of substantially simplifying the quench step of the glass substrate, during its manufacture.
• the pattern of the texturing adapted to the external face is not limited to those described above, in relation to FIGS. 8 to 11. Without departing from the scope of the invention, it is possible in particular to use any type of profile allowing in particular to capture the rays low incidence light and divert them to the photovoltaic cells. Examples of possible texturing on the external face are for example described in the applications WO03046617, WO2006 / 134301 or WO2006 / 134300.
• the graphs shown in FIG. 12 make it possible to evaluate the accuracy conferred on the finally obtained glass substrate, as a function of the texturing profile of the roller used.
• the bottom graph is an enlargement of the one at the top, centered on the value of periodicity sought for the pattern (4mm).
• the technique used to obtain the glass substrate is a conventional rolling technique, as described in connection with FIG. 3.
• the glass used is an Albarino® glass sold by Saint-Gobain.
• FIG. 12 the square markers illustrate the periodicity of the grooves observed on the substrate finally obtained when the distance d between two reliefs on the roll is constant and equal to 4 mm,
• the triangular markings illustrate the periodicity of the grooves observed on the substrate finally obtained when the distance d n + 1 between two successive reliefs n and n + 1 on the roll is not constant and increases according to a parabolic law corresponding to the formula:
• the data shown in FIG. 12 show that the periodicity between two successive grooves on the finally obtained texture glass substrate decreases continuously as a function of the distance of said grooves with respect to the center of the substrate, in the direction of said texturing.
• Such a continuous reduction causes, on the most peripheral part of the substrate, a complete offset of the texturing which leads on the one hand to make very imprecise or even impossible a process of industrial assembly of the photovoltaic cells on the textured substrate and other
• the distance between the successive patterns has a very small dispersion.
• this dispersion around the desired value of the spacing between two successive grooves is less than 2% of said distance, preferably less than 1% of said distance and of very preferred way is less than 0.5% of said distance.
• the dispersion is much less than 1% of the average distance d between two successive grooves.

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• 2007
  • 2007-05-31 FR FR0755378A patent/FR2916901B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
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