EP2162961A1 - Device and module for protecting against lightning and overvoltages - Google Patents

Device and module for protecting against lightning and overvoltages

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Publication number
EP2162961A1
EP2162961A1 EP08761287A EP08761287A EP2162961A1 EP 2162961 A1 EP2162961 A1 EP 2162961A1 EP 08761287 A EP08761287 A EP 08761287A EP 08761287 A EP08761287 A EP 08761287A EP 2162961 A1 EP2162961 A1 EP 2162961A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cylinder
electrodes
wall
module
devices
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP08761287A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2162961B1 (en
Inventor
Jürgen Boy
Gero Zimmermann
Thomas Westebbe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TDK Electronics AG
Original Assignee
Epcos AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Epcos AG filed Critical Epcos AG
Publication of EP2162961A1 publication Critical patent/EP2162961A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2162961B1 publication Critical patent/EP2162961B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
    • H01T4/12—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel hermetically sealed
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/20—Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/16—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a plurality of gaps arranged in series

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for protection against lightning and overvoltage with two electrodes, the gas-tightly seal both end faces of a cylinder of insulating material and define a discharge space inside the chamber thus formed, and a module with these devices.
  • Such devices are u. a. as lightning and / or overvoltage protection in the main power supply system of structural systems, in which the outer conductors are connected via a respective lightning arrester with the neutral conductor provided.
  • a device is also referred to as a spark gap arrangement or arrester arrangement.
  • a surge arrester serves to avoid dangers to living beings, plant and equipment damage as well as fires.
  • the purpose of lightning and overvoltage protection is to reduce overvoltages to a protection level of 1.5 kV and dissipate strong pulse currents up to 50 kA. In this case, jet flames and pressure waves are to be avoided in order to allow installation in typical installations without taking into account special safety distances and passive fire protection measures.
  • the extinguishing capacity and the limitation of the line frequency secondary current must be such that:
  • a low dynamic response voltage is required.
  • the required value is 1500 V when a ramp voltage of 5 kV / ⁇ s is applied.
  • this level of protection and the other characteristics mean that ignition aids must be used.
  • One way to improve ignition performance is to introduce a primer, e.g. graphite, which provides primary charge carriers, distorts the electric field, and improves dynamic detonation behavior via a sliding discharge along the ceramic surface of the inner wall of the cylinder.
  • the invention is based on the object to provide a device of the type mentioned above, with the required characteristics can be achieved or exceeded.
  • the invention solves this problem with the features of the independent claims. Embodiments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims.
  • the device for protection against lightning and overvoltages provides two electrodes which seal both faces of the cylinder made of insulating material, in particular of alumina ceramic, gas-tight and define a discharge space in the interior of the chamber thus formed.
  • at least one step is provided in the contact region of at least one of the electrodes and the cylinder such that the chamber extends beyond the inner wall of the cylinder.
  • the electrodes are preferably made of copper or copper alloys.
  • the chamber is the entire gas-filled interior that results after soldering or closing the cylinder to the electrodes.
  • the discharge space is basically the chamber area, but a high-energy discharge to protect against lightning and overvoltages in a discharge gap, which is formed between each other with a small distance facing electrode surfaces, in particular in the central region of the device.
  • the area of contact of the area of the end face of the cylinder is referred to, on which in principle the cylinder can be connected or soldered to the electrode.
  • the contact region thus extends at least over the thickness of the inner wall of the cylinder.
  • the insulation distance to the respective electrode extends at least by the length and height of the gradation. As a result, even with repeated shock and Continuous current loads achieved a high level of insulation of the device or the arrester during the entire life.
  • the gradation is arranged in the front-side inner wall of the cylinder.
  • the gradation is arranged in at least one of the electrodes.
  • Ignition aids in particular, such as graphite ignition strips, which are applied to the inner wall of the cylinder and extend in one embodiment to the front-side inner wall of the cylinder, improve the ignition behavior and the load capacity of the device or the arrester.
  • the ignition aid improves the dynamic ignition behavior of the arrester, in particular by providing primary charge carriers, distorting the electric field and improving a sliding discharge along the surface of the ceramic cylinder.
  • ignition aids that the electrodes are pasted with an activating compound which likewise improves the ignition behavior.
  • the ignition properties of the device can be further improved if the ignition aids on the inner wall of the cylinder extend to the step in the front-side inner wall of the cylinder.
  • the distance between the end of the ignition strips to the metallic electrodes (residual insulation) set and keep so low that the function of the ignition fuse is optimized.
  • the ignition aids are widened in the transition region from the inner wall to the front-side inner wall of the cylinder. Further variations of the igniter geometry are designed to further enhance the dynamic detonation behavior of the arrester.
  • the ignition strips thus formed are distributed at intervals of 45 ° over the inner circumference of the cylinder.
  • the device is designed to be stackable for stacking a plurality of similar devices. As a result, it is easy to build modules with multiple devices that are individually interchangeable and can have different threshold voltages.
  • At least one of the electrodes has both a cup-shaped region and a bead-like region, which extend in the longitudinal axis direction of the device in each case on both sides of the plane of the contact surface of the cylinder and the electrode. This allows a particularly efficient stacking, because the middle electrode of two arresters must be present only once, but is available as an electrode for both arresters.
  • the arrester is formed so that the electrodes are mirrored at the transverse axis of the device. This allows efficient stacking with small dimensions of the module thus formed.
  • the characteristics of a module of series-connected arresters can be optimized if a varistor is connected in parallel to at least part of the devices connected in series. If necessary, several varistors can be connected in parallel to combinations of arresters.
  • a plurality of arresters with different response voltages are connected in series.
  • a series connection of several arresters of different characteristics in one module allows the mastering of the required DC response voltage, the An Anlagenmonyriad and the power-frequency follow current.
  • An additional wiring of several elements of the series connection with a varistor arranged in parallel favors the behavior under load with the required DC response voltage and the An videriad.
  • the high arc voltage of the individual conductors limits the mains frequency follow current.
  • a module comprises a holding device with two electrically conductive holders arranged on both sides of the module, which are connected by spacer insulators and clamp the module.
  • FIG. 1a shows an arrester with a graduation in the cylinder of insulating material
  • FIG. 1b shows an arrester with a graduation in each of the two electrodes
  • Figure Ic shows an insulating cylinder with a
  • FIG. 1 d shows the cylinder according to FIG. 1 c in a perspective view
  • FIG. 2 shows a first module with a series connection of stacked arresters
  • FIG. 3 shows a second module with a series connection of stacked arresters
  • FIG. 4a-c shows equivalent circuit diagrams of modules
  • FIG. 5 shows a third module with a varistor in a clamping holder.
  • An arrester according to FIG. 1a contains a housing which is formed from a cylinder 1 of insulating material, eg a ceramic of Al 2 O 3, and two electrodes 2, 3, in particular with advantageous flow properties and high thermal conductivity, eg of copper.
  • the electrodes are in particular symmetrical.
  • Inside the chamber 7 formed by the housing is the discharge space.
  • grading 4 in the ceramic a sufficiently high level of insulation of the arrester over its entire lifetime is ensured even with repeated shock and residual current loads.
  • the gradation lengthens the wall-side insulation gap between the electrodes.
  • a housing comprising a cylinder 11 of insulating material, eg a ceramic of Al 2 O 3 , and two electrodes 21, 31, in particular with advantageous flow properties and high thermal conductivity, eg of copper, forms as another exemplary embodiment of an arrester is.
  • the electrodes are in particular symmetrical. Inside the chamber 71 formed by the housing is the discharge space.
  • a gradation 41 in the electrodes ensures a sufficiently high level of insulation of the arrester over its entire life, even with repeated shock and residual current loads. The gradation lengthens the wall-side insulation gap between the electrodes.
  • an arrester has an outside diameter D of e.g. 30 mm and a height H of e.g. 3 mm or 4 mm.
  • Stage 4 in the ceramic or 41 in the electrodes prevents a continuous vapor deposition layer in the case of an arc discharge in the arrester and thus insulation problems of the arrester, which can lead to a reduced or unusable function.
  • the ignition behavior and the load capacity of the arrester can be further optimized.
  • each arrester For the function of the device or the Zündstriches each arrester the distance of the Zündstrichs to the metallic electrodes of the arrester is important.
  • a shaping is preferred the Zündstrichs into the stage in the ceramic advantageous because it improves the connection of the ignition strips. The way from the ignition end to the electrodes can be optimized thereby.
  • Figure Ic shows the ignition strips 52 on the inner wall of the cylinder and the gradation 4 in detail and in perspective, Figure Id.
  • the ignition strips are widened.
  • Other igniter geometries are of course provided.
  • a metallization 6 is applied to a portion of the end face of the cylinder for the VerInstitutlötung with one of the electrodes.
  • FIG. 1 a or FIG. 1 b preferably several of the arresters configured according to FIG. 1 a or FIG. 1 b are connected in series and form a module.
  • FIG. 2 or FIG. 3 further exemplary embodiments according to FIG. 2 or FIG. 3 are provided, in which the insulating ceramics 12, 14, 16 and 18 opposite the electrodes 22, 32 or the electrodes 23 a, 23 b opposite the insulating ceramics 13, 15 and 17 graded.
  • at least one of the electrodes has both a cup-shaped region 25, 35 or 27, 28 and a bead-shaped region 24, 34 and 26, respectively in the longitudinal axis direction of the device on both sides of the plane of the contact surface of the cylinder and the electrode extend. This allows a particularly efficient stacking because the middle electrode 25 or 28 of two arresters must be present only once, but is available as an electrode to both associated arresters.
  • the arresters are designed so that the electrodes are mirrored on the transverse axis of the device. This allows efficient stacking with small dimensions of the module thus formed.
  • a plurality of devices or arresters are connected in series. It is particularly space-saving when two devices connected in series have a central common electrode, which is formed as one of the two electrodes of each of the two devices.
  • the overall arrangement according to FIG. 4 consists of a series connection of individual arresters FS200 and FS600 with the same (FS200) or different properties, eg with operating DC voltages of 200V or 600V.
  • An external wiring of different sections is advantageous. This wiring is preferably carried out with varistors Vl, V2, V3. However, it can also be realized in another way with the aim of achieving a rapid increase in potential at one or more individual conductors under dynamic load.
  • FIG. 4b shows the same arrester arrangement as FIG.
  • FIG. 4a shows the same arrester arrangement as Figure 4a, but with a varistor V2 with 420V, which is connected in parallel to the six arresters FS200.
  • FIG. 5 The series connection of individual arresters FS200 and FS600, which is preferably realized by clamping in an electrically conductive, tong-like holder 61, 62, 63, taking into account the mountability in standardized rail systems, is shown in FIG. 5.
  • the holders 61 and 63 are insulated from one another by spacers.
  • Parallel to the arresters FS 200, a varistor V is connected.
  • the clamping allows easy adaptation of the electrical properties to the application, by individual arresters can be varied or replaced and an external wiring of different sections can be made.
  • This wiring is preferably carried out with varistors, but can also be realized in another way with the aim to achieve a rapid increase in potential at one or more Einzelableiter under dynamic load.

Landscapes

  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)

Abstract

A device for protecting against lightning and overvoltages includes two electrodes closing off, in a gas tight manner, both end faces of a cylinder made of insulating material, and defining a discharge chamber in the interior of the chamber thus formed. At least one step is provided in the chamber in the contact area of at least one of the electrodes and the cylinder such that the chamber extends outwards past the internal wall of the cylinder.

Description

Beschreibungdescription
Vorrichtung und Modul zum Schutz vor Blitzen und ÜberspannungenDevice and module for protection against lightning and surges
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Schutz vor Blitzen und Überspannungen mit zwei Elektroden, die beide Stirnflächen eines Zylinders aus isolierendem Material gasdicht verschließen und im Innern der so gebildeten Kammer einen Entladungsraum definieren, sowie ein Modul mit diesen Vorrichtungen .The invention relates to a device for protection against lightning and overvoltage with two electrodes, the gas-tightly seal both end faces of a cylinder of insulating material and define a discharge space inside the chamber thus formed, and a module with these devices.
Derartige Vorrichtungen sind u. a. als Blitz- und/oder Überspannungsschutz im Hauptstromversorgungssystem baulicher Anlagen, bei dem die Aussenleiter über je einen Blitzstromableiter mit dem Neutralleiter verbunden sind, vorgesehen. Eine derartige Vorrichtung wird auch als Funkenstreckenanordnung oder Ableiteranordnung bezeichnet.Such devices are u. a. as lightning and / or overvoltage protection in the main power supply system of structural systems, in which the outer conductors are connected via a respective lightning arrester with the neutral conductor provided. Such a device is also referred to as a spark gap arrangement or arrester arrangement.
Ein Ableiter dient zur Vermeidung von Gefahren für Lebewesen, von Anlagen- und Geräteschäden sowie von Bränden. Aufgabe des Blitz- und Überspannungsschutzes ist die Herabsetzung von Überspannungen auf einen Schutzpegel von 1,5 kV und Ableitung starker Impulsströme bis zu 50 kA. Dabei sind Stichflammen und Druckwellen zu vermeiden, um einen Einbau in typische Einrichtungen ohne Beachtung besonderer Sicherheitsabstände und passiver Brandschutzmaßnahmen zu ermöglichen. Das Löschvermögen und die Begrenzung des netzfrequenten Folgestroms müssen so ausgelegt sein, dassA surge arrester serves to avoid dangers to living beings, plant and equipment damage as well as fires. The purpose of lightning and overvoltage protection is to reduce overvoltages to a protection level of 1.5 kV and dissipate strong pulse currents up to 50 kA. In this case, jet flames and pressure waves are to be avoided in order to allow installation in typical installations without taking into account special safety distances and passive fire protection measures. The extinguishing capacity and the limitation of the line frequency secondary current must be such that:
Hausanschlusssicherungen nicht auslösen. Schließlich ist eine Kompatibilität zu standardisierten Montagesystemen und eine Unempfindlichkeit gegenüber klimatischen Einflüssen und Verschmutzung gefordert. Typische Kenndaten derartiger Blitz- und Überspannungsschutzvorrichtungen sind: eineDo not trigger house connection fuses. Finally, compatibility with standardized mounting systems and insensitivity to climatic influences and contamination is required. Typical characteristics of such lightning and overvoltage protection devices are: a
Ansprechgleichspannung Uag > 600 V, eine Ansprechstoßspannung uas ≤ 1,5 kV bei einem Spannungsanstieg von 5 kV/μs, ein Nenn-Stoßstrom iSN von 50 kA bei Norm-Stoßstromverläufen von 8/20 μs und 10/350 μs und jeweils 15-facher Beanspruchung sowie ein netzfrequenter Folgestrom ≤ 50 kA.Response voltage U ag > 600 V, a response voltage u as ≤ 1.5 kV at a voltage rise of 5 kV / μs, a rated surge current i SN of 50 kA for standard surge currents of 8/20 μs and 10/350 μs and respectively 15-fold stress as well as a mains frequency secondary current ≤ 50 kA.
Beim Ansprechen eines Ableiters entsteht ein Lichtbogen, der Verbrennungsprodukte erzeugt, die sich als leitfähige Bedampfung auf dem Innenzylinder der Keramik bzw, des isolierenden Materials niederschlagen können und einen Isolationsfehler bewirken.When a arrester responds, an arc is produced which generates combustion products which can be deposited as conductive vapor deposition on the inner cylinder of the ceramic or of the insulating material and cause an insulation fault.
Zur Erfüllung der Schutzfunktion ist eine niedrige dynamische Ansprechspannung gefordert. Für das gesamte Bauelement liegt der geforderte Wert bei 1500 V, wenn eine rampenförmig mit 5 kV/μs ansteigende Spannung angelegt wird. Für einen einzelnen Ableiter bedeuten dieser Schutzpegel und die übrigen Kenndaten, dass Zündhilfen eingesetzt werden müssen. Ein Weg zur Verbesserung des Zündverhaltens ist die Einbringung eines Zündstriches, z.B. aus Graphit, der Primärladungsträger bereitstellt, das elektrische Feld verzerrt und über eine Gleitentladung entlang der Keramikoberfläche der Innenwand des Zylinders das dynamische Zündverhalten verbessert.To fulfill the protective function, a low dynamic response voltage is required. For the entire component, the required value is 1500 V when a ramp voltage of 5 kV / μs is applied. For a single arrester, this level of protection and the other characteristics mean that ignition aids must be used. One way to improve ignition performance is to introduce a primer, e.g. graphite, which provides primary charge carriers, distorts the electric field, and improves dynamic detonation behavior via a sliding discharge along the ceramic surface of the inner wall of the cylinder.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zu Grunde, eine Vorrichtung der Eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, mit der die geforderten Kenndaten erreicht oder übertroffen werden können. Die Erfindung löst diese Aufgabe mit den Merkmalen der unabhängigen Patentansprüche. Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet.The invention is based on the object to provide a device of the type mentioned above, with the required characteristics can be achieved or exceeded. The invention solves this problem with the features of the independent claims. Embodiments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims.
Die Vorrichtung zum Schutz vor Blitzen und Überspannungen sieht zwei Elektroden vor, die beide Stirnflächen des Zylinders aus isolierendem Material, insbesondere aus Aluminiumoxid-Keramik, gasdicht verschließen und im Innern der so gebildeten Kammer einen Entladungsraum definieren. Innerhalb der Kammer ist im Kontaktbereich zumindest einer der Elektroden und des Zylinders wenigstens eine Abstufung derart vorgesehen ist, dass sich die Kammer bis über die Innenwand des Zylinders hinaus erstreckt.The device for protection against lightning and overvoltages provides two electrodes which seal both faces of the cylinder made of insulating material, in particular of alumina ceramic, gas-tight and define a discharge space in the interior of the chamber thus formed. Within the chamber, at least one step is provided in the contact region of at least one of the electrodes and the cylinder such that the chamber extends beyond the inner wall of the cylinder.
Die Elektroden sind bevorzugt aus Kupfer oder Kupferlegierungen. Die Kammer ist der gesamte gasgefüllte Innenraum, der sich nach dem Verlöten bzw. Verschließen des Zylinders mit den Elektroden ergibt. Der Entladungsraum ist grundsätzlich der Kammerbereich, jedoch wird eine energiereiche Entladung zum Schutz vor Blitzen und Überspannungen in einer Entladungsstrecke erfolgen, die zwischen zueinander mit geringem Abstand zugewandten Elektrodenoberflächen, insbesondere im zentralen Bereich der Vorrichtung, gebildet wird. Als Kontaktbereich ist der Bereich der Stirnseite des Zylinders bezeichnet, an dem grundsätzlich der Zylinder mit der Elektrode verbunden bzw. verlötet werden kann. Der Kontaktbereich erstreckt sich demnach wenigstens über die Dicke der Innenwand des Zylinders .The electrodes are preferably made of copper or copper alloys. The chamber is the entire gas-filled interior that results after soldering or closing the cylinder to the electrodes. The discharge space is basically the chamber area, but a high-energy discharge to protect against lightning and overvoltages in a discharge gap, which is formed between each other with a small distance facing electrode surfaces, in particular in the central region of the device. The area of contact of the area of the end face of the cylinder is referred to, on which in principle the cylinder can be connected or soldered to the electrode. The contact region thus extends at least over the thickness of the inner wall of the cylinder.
Durch die Abstufung verlängert sich die Isolationsstrecke zur jeweiligen Elektrode hin zumindest um die Länge und Höhe der Abstufung. Dadurch wird auch bei wiederholten Stoß- und Folgestrombelastungen ein hohes Isolationsniveau der Vorrichtung bzw. des Ableiters während der gesamten Lebensdauer erreicht.Due to the gradation, the insulation distance to the respective electrode extends at least by the length and height of the gradation. As a result, even with repeated shock and Continuous current loads achieved a high level of insulation of the device or the arrester during the entire life.
Es ist vorgesehen, dass die Abstufung in der stirnseitigen Innenwand des Zylinders angeordnet ist. Alternativ oder ergänzend ist die Abstufung in zumindest einer der Elektroden angeordnet .It is envisaged that the gradation is arranged in the front-side inner wall of the cylinder. Alternatively or additionally, the gradation is arranged in at least one of the electrodes.
Zündhilfen, insbesondere wie Zündstriche aus Graphit, die auf der Innenwand des Zylinders aufgebracht sind und die sich in einer Ausführungsform bis auf die stirnseitige Innenwand des Zylinders erstrecken, verbessern das Zündverhalten und die Belastbarkeit der Vorrichtung bzw. des Ableiters. Die Zündhilfe verbessert das dynamische Zündverhalten des Ableiters, indem sie insbesondere Primärladungsträger bereit stellt, das elektrische Feld verzerrt und eine Gleitentladung entlang der Oberfläche des Keramikzylinders verbessern.Ignition aids, in particular, such as graphite ignition strips, which are applied to the inner wall of the cylinder and extend in one embodiment to the front-side inner wall of the cylinder, improve the ignition behavior and the load capacity of the device or the arrester. The ignition aid improves the dynamic ignition behavior of the arrester, in particular by providing primary charge carriers, distorting the electric field and improving a sliding discharge along the surface of the ceramic cylinder.
Alternativ oder ergänzend ist an Zündhilfen vorgesehen, dass die Elektroden mit einer Aktivierungsmasse bepastet sind, die das Zündverhalten ebenfalls verbessern.Alternatively or additionally, it is provided on ignition aids that the electrodes are pasted with an activating compound which likewise improves the ignition behavior.
Weiter verbessern lassen sich die Zündeigenschaften der Vorrichtung, wenn sich die Zündhilfen auf der Innenwand des Zylinders bis auf die Abstufung in der stirnseitigen Innenwand des Zylinders erstrecken. Dadurch lässt sich der Abstand des Endes der Zündstriche zu den metallischen Elektroden (Restisolation) einstellen und so gering halten, dass die Funktion des Zündstriches optimiert ist. Insbesondere ist in einer Ausführungsform vorgesehen, dass die Zündhilfen im Übergangsbereich von der Innenwand zu der stirnseitigen Innenwand des Zylinders verbreitert sind. Weitere Variationen der Geometrie des Zündstrichs sind so vorgesehen, dass sie das dynamische Zündverhalten des Ableiters weiter verbessern.The ignition properties of the device can be further improved if the ignition aids on the inner wall of the cylinder extend to the step in the front-side inner wall of the cylinder. As a result, the distance between the end of the ignition strips to the metallic electrodes (residual insulation) set and keep so low that the function of the ignition fuse is optimized. In particular, it is provided in one embodiment that the ignition aids are widened in the transition region from the inner wall to the front-side inner wall of the cylinder. Further variations of the igniter geometry are designed to further enhance the dynamic detonation behavior of the arrester.
In einer Ausführungsform sind die so gebildeten Zündstriche im Abstand von 45° über den Innenumfang des Zylinders verteilt .In one embodiment, the ignition strips thus formed are distributed at intervals of 45 ° over the inner circumference of the cylinder.
Die Vorrichtung ist so konstruiert, dass sie zur Stapelung mehrerer gleichartiger Vorrichtungen stapelbar ausgebildet ist. Dadurch lassen sich in einfacher Weise Module mit mehreren Vorrichtungen aufbauen, die einzeln austauschbar sind und unterschiedliche Ansprechspannungen haben können.The device is designed to be stackable for stacking a plurality of similar devices. As a result, it is easy to build modules with multiple devices that are individually interchangeable and can have different threshold voltages.
In einer Ausführungsform weist zumindest eine der Elektroden sowohl einen napfförmigen Bereich als auch einen sickenförmigen Bereich auf, die sich in Längsachsenrichtung der Vorrichtung jeweils beiderseits der Ebene der Kontaktfläche des Zylinders und der Elektrode erstrecken. Das ermöglicht eine besonders effiziente Stapelung, weil die mittlere Elektrode zweier Ableiter nur einmal vorhanden sein muss, aber beiden Ableitern als Elektrode zur Verfügung steht.In one embodiment, at least one of the electrodes has both a cup-shaped region and a bead-like region, which extend in the longitudinal axis direction of the device in each case on both sides of the plane of the contact surface of the cylinder and the electrode. This allows a particularly efficient stacking, because the middle electrode of two arresters must be present only once, but is available as an electrode for both arresters.
In einer Ausführungsform ist der Ableiter so ausgebildet, dass die Elektroden an der Querachse der Vorrichtung gespiegelt sind. Das ermöglicht eine effiziente Stapelung mit geringen Abmessungen des so gebildeten Moduls.In one embodiment, the arrester is formed so that the electrodes are mirrored at the transverse axis of the device. This allows efficient stacking with small dimensions of the module thus formed.
Bei einem Modul sind mehreren Vorrichtungen bzw. Ableiter in Reihe geschaltet. Besonders platzsparend ist es, wenn zwei in Reihe geschaltete Vorrichtungen eine mittlere gemeinsame Elektrode aufweisen, die als eine der beiden Elektroden jeder der zwei Vorrichtungen ausgebildet ist.In one module several devices or arresters are connected in series. It is particularly space-saving when two devices connected in series have a central common Electrode formed as one of the two electrodes of each of the two devices.
Die Eigenschaften eines Moduls aus in Serie geschalteten Ableitern lassen sich optimieren, wenn parallel zu mindestens einem Teil der in Reihe geschalteten Vorrichtungen ein Varistor geschaltet ist. Bedarfsweise können auch mehrere Varistoren zu Kombinationen von Ableitern parallel geschaltet sein .The characteristics of a module of series-connected arresters can be optimized if a varistor is connected in parallel to at least part of the devices connected in series. If necessary, several varistors can be connected in parallel to combinations of arresters.
In einer Ausführungsform des Moduls sind mehrere Ableiter mit unterschiedlicher Ansprechspannung in Reihe geschaltet.In one embodiment of the module, a plurality of arresters with different response voltages are connected in series.
Die Verwendung eines oder mehrerer Ableiter mit einem hermetisch abgeschlossenen gasgefüllten Gehäuse ermöglicht die Vermeidung von Stichflammen oder Druckwellen.The use of one or more arresters with a hermetically sealed gas-filled housing makes it possible to avoid flashes or pressure waves.
Eine Reihenschaltung mehrerer Ableiter unterschiedlicher Charakteristik in einem Modul ermöglicht die Beherrschung der geforderten Ansprechgleichspannung, der Ansprechstoßspannung und des netzfrequenten Folgestroms. Eine zusätzliche Beschaltung mehrerer Elemente der Reihenschaltung mit einem parallel dazu angeordneten Varistor begünstigt das Verhalten bei Beanspruchung mit der geforderten Ansprechgleichspannung und der Ansprechstoßspannung. Die hohe Lichtbogenspannung der Einzelableiter begrenzt den netzfrequenten Folgestrom.A series connection of several arresters of different characteristics in one module allows the mastering of the required DC response voltage, the Ansprechstoßspannung and the power-frequency follow current. An additional wiring of several elements of the series connection with a varistor arranged in parallel favors the behavior under load with the required DC response voltage and the Ansprechstoßspannung. The high arc voltage of the individual conductors limits the mains frequency follow current.
Durch die hohe Wärmekapazität der Anordnung, insbesondere bei Verwendung von Kupferelektroden, und die gute Wärmeleitfähigkeit des Füllgases wird der Lichtbogen effizient gekühlt und das Löschverhalten verbessert. Ein Modul umfasst in einer praktischen Ausführungsform eine Haltevorrichtung mit zwei beidseits des Moduls angeordneten elektrisch leitfähigen Haltern, die durch Abstandsisolatoren verbunden sind und das Modul klemmen. Die mögliche niedrige Bauhöhe eines Ableiters und auch einer Reihenschaltung von Ableitern in einem Modul, die bedarfsweise zwischen Kontaktelemente geklemmt wird, vereinfacht die Montage der Vorrichtung.Due to the high heat capacity of the arrangement, in particular when using copper electrodes, and the good thermal conductivity of the filling gas, the arc is cooled efficiently and the extinguishing behavior is improved. In a practical embodiment, a module comprises a holding device with two electrically conductive holders arranged on both sides of the module, which are connected by spacer insulators and clamp the module. The possible low height of a surge arrester and also a series circuit of arresters in a module, which is clamped between contact elements as needed, simplifies the assembly of the device.
Der Aufbau eines Ableiters und die Möglichkeit eines modularen Aufbaus mehrerer Ableiter ermöglicht eine Optimierung der Vorrichtung. Die Verwendung und die Gestaltung von Zündstrichen unterstützt das definierte Ansprechen der Vorrichtung.The design of a surge arrester and the possibility of a modular construction of several arresters makes it possible to optimize the device. The use and design of ignition strips supports the defined response of the device.
Die Kombination von Ableitern mit Varistoren einen verbesserten Schutz der zu schützenden Anlage.The combination of arresters with varistors an improved protection of the system to be protected.
Die oben beschriebenen Gegenstände werden anhand der folgenden Figuren und Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert.The objects described above will be explained in more detail with reference to the following figures and embodiments.
Die nachfolgend beschriebenen Zeichnungen sind nicht als maßstabsgetreu aufzufassen. Vielmehr können zur besseren Darstellung einzelne Dimensionen vergrößert, verkleinert oder auch verzerrt dargestellt sein. Elemente, die einander gleichen oder die die gleichen Funktionen übernehmen, sind mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen bezeichnet.The drawings described below are not to be considered as true to scale. Rather, for better representation, individual dimensions can be enlarged, reduced or distorted. Elements that are equal to each other or that perform the same functions are denoted by the same reference numerals.
Figur Ia zeigt einen Ableiter mit einer Abstufung in dem Zylinder aus isolierendem Material,FIG. 1a shows an arrester with a graduation in the cylinder of insulating material,
Figur Ib zeigt einen Ableiter mit einer Abstufung in jeder der beiden Elektroden, Figur Ic zeigt einen isolierenden Zylinder mit einerFIG. 1b shows an arrester with a graduation in each of the two electrodes, Figure Ic shows an insulating cylinder with a
Abstufung und Zündstrichen auf der Innenwand und der Abstufung,Gradation and ignition marks on the inner wall and the gradation,
Figur Id zeigt den Zylinder gemäß Figur Ic in perspektivischer Darstellung,FIG. 1 d shows the cylinder according to FIG. 1 c in a perspective view,
Figur 2 zeigt ein erstes Modul mit einer Reihenschaltung gestapelter Ableiter,FIG. 2 shows a first module with a series connection of stacked arresters,
Figur 3 zeigt ein zweites Modul mit einer Reihenschaltung gestapelter Ableiter,FIG. 3 shows a second module with a series connection of stacked arresters;
Figur 4a-c zeigt Ersatzschaltbilder von Modulen mitFigure 4a-c shows equivalent circuit diagrams of modules
Varistoren, die parallel zu Ableitern liegen undVaristors that are parallel to arresters and
Figur 5 zeigt ein drittes Modul mit einem Varistor in einer Klemmhalterung .FIG. 5 shows a third module with a varistor in a clamping holder.
Ein Ableiter gemäß Figur Ia enthält ein Gehäuse, das aus einem Zylinder 1 aus isolierendem Material, z.B. einer Keramik aus AI2O3, und zwei Elektroden 2, 3, insbesondere mit vorteilhaften Fließeigenschaften und hoher Wärmeleitfähigkeit, z.B. aus Kupfer, gebildet ist. Die Elektroden sind insbesondere symmetrisch. Im Innern der durch das Gehäuse gebildeten Kammer 7 befindet sich der Entladungsraum. Durch eine Abstufung 4 in der Keramik wird auch bei wiederholten Stoß- und Folgestrombelastungen ein ausreichend hohes Isolationsniveau des Ableiters über seine gesamte Lebensdauer gewährleistet. Die Abstufung verlängert die wandseitige Isolationsstrecke zwischen den Elektroden. Gemäß Figur Ib enthält als anderes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Ableiters ein Gehäuse, das aus einem Zylinder 11 aus isolierendem Material, z.B. einer Keramik aus AI2O3, und zwei Elektroden 21, 31, insbesondere mit vorteilhaften Fließeigenschaften und hoher Wärmeleitfähigkeit, z.B. aus Kupfer, gebildet ist. Die Elektroden sind insbesondere symmetrisch. Im Innern der durch das Gehäuse gebildeten Kammer 71 ist der Entladungsraum. Durch jeweils eine Abstufung 41 in den Elektroden wird auch bei wiederholten Stoß- und Folgestrombelastungen ein ausreichend hohes Isolationsniveau des Ableiters über seine gesamte Lebensdauer gewährleistet. Die Abstufung verlängert die wandseitige Isolationsstrecke zwischen den Elektroden.An arrester according to FIG. 1a contains a housing which is formed from a cylinder 1 of insulating material, eg a ceramic of Al 2 O 3, and two electrodes 2, 3, in particular with advantageous flow properties and high thermal conductivity, eg of copper. The electrodes are in particular symmetrical. Inside the chamber 7 formed by the housing is the discharge space. By grading 4 in the ceramic, a sufficiently high level of insulation of the arrester over its entire lifetime is ensured even with repeated shock and residual current loads. The gradation lengthens the wall-side insulation gap between the electrodes. According to FIG. 1 b, a housing comprising a cylinder 11 of insulating material, eg a ceramic of Al 2 O 3 , and two electrodes 21, 31, in particular with advantageous flow properties and high thermal conductivity, eg of copper, forms as another exemplary embodiment of an arrester is. The electrodes are in particular symmetrical. Inside the chamber 71 formed by the housing is the discharge space. In each case a gradation 41 in the electrodes ensures a sufficiently high level of insulation of the arrester over its entire life, even with repeated shock and residual current loads. The gradation lengthens the wall-side insulation gap between the electrodes.
Gemäß Figuren Ia und Ib hat ein Ableiter einen Außendurchmesser D von z.B. 30 mm und eine Höhe H von z.B. 3 mm oder 4 mm.According to FIGS. 1a and 1b, an arrester has an outside diameter D of e.g. 30 mm and a height H of e.g. 3 mm or 4 mm.
Die Stufe 4 in der Keramik oder 41 in den Elektroden verhindert eine durchgängige Bedampfungsschicht bei einer Lichtbogenentladung im Ableiter und damit Isolationsprobleme des Ableiters, die zu einer reduzierten oder unbrauchbaren Funktion führen können.Stage 4 in the ceramic or 41 in the electrodes prevents a continuous vapor deposition layer in the case of an arc discharge in the arrester and thus insulation problems of the arrester, which can lead to a reduced or unusable function.
Durch die Verwendung von Zündstrichen 5 bzw. 51 auf der Innenfläche des Gehäuses und einer Bepastung der Elektroden mit einer Aktivierungsmasse können das Zündverhalten und die Belastbarkeit des Ableiters weiter optimiert werden.By using ignition strips 5 and 51 on the inner surface of the housing and a paste of the electrodes with an activation mass, the ignition behavior and the load capacity of the arrester can be further optimized.
Für die Funktion der Vorrichtung bzw. des Zündstriches jedes Ableiters ist dabei der Abstand des Zündstrichs zu den metallischen Elektroden des Ableiters wichtig. Bei einer Ausführungsform gemäß Figur Ia ist bevorzugt eine Formgebung des Zündstrichs bis in die Stufe in der Keramik vorteilhaft, da sie die Anbindung der Zündstriche verbessert. Der Weg vom Zündstrichende zu den Elektroden lässt sich dadurch optimieren .For the function of the device or the Zündstriches each arrester the distance of the Zündstrichs to the metallic electrodes of the arrester is important. In one embodiment according to FIG. 1 a, a shaping is preferred the Zündstrichs into the stage in the ceramic advantageous because it improves the connection of the ignition strips. The way from the ignition end to the electrodes can be optimized thereby.
Figur Ic zeigt die Zündstriche 52 auf der Innenwand des Zylinders und der Abstufung 4 im Detail und perspektivisch, Figur Id. Im Kantenbereich zwischen der Innenwand des Zylinders und der Abstufung 4 sind die Zündstriche verbreitert. Andere Zündstrichgeometrien sind selbstverständlich vorgesehen. Eine Metallisierung 6 ist für die Verschlusslötung mit einer der Elektroden auf einen Teil der Stirnseite des Zylinders aufgebracht.Figure Ic shows the ignition strips 52 on the inner wall of the cylinder and the gradation 4 in detail and in perspective, Figure Id. In the edge region between the inner wall of the cylinder and the gradation 4, the ignition strips are widened. Other igniter geometries are of course provided. A metallization 6 is applied to a portion of the end face of the cylinder for the Verschlusslötung with one of the electrodes.
Nach der Verschlusslötung, bei der vorteilhaft ein Gasgemisch hoher Wärmeleitfähigkeit und druckabhängig leicht einstellbarer Durchschlagsfestigkeit, z.B. Ar-/H2~/Ne- Gemische) verwendet wird, liegt ein hermetisch dicht gasgefüllter Ableiter mit definiert eingestellten statischen und dynamischen Zündeigenschaften und einer hohen Lichtbogenspannung vor.After the brazing, in which advantageously a gas mixture of high thermal conductivity and pressure-dependent easily adjustable dielectric strength, e.g. Ar- / H2 ~ / Ne- mixtures) is used, there is a hermetically sealed gas-filled arrester with defined static and dynamic ignition properties and a high arc voltage.
Um Schutz vor höheren Spannungen und Blitzen zu erhalten, werden bevorzugt mehrere der gemäß Figur Ia oder Figur Ib ausgebildeten Ableiter in Reihe geschaltet und bilden ein Modul. Zur Optimierung des Bauvolumens und des Fertigungsprozesses sind weitere Ausführungsbeispiele gemäß Figur 2 oder Figur 3 vorgesehen, in denen die Isolierkeramiken 12, 14, 16 und 18 gegenüber den Elektroden 22, 32 bzw. die Elektroden 23a, 23b gegenüber den Isolierkeramiken 13, 15 und 17 abgestuft sind. Gemäß Figur 2 und Figur 3 weist zumindest eine der Elektroden sowohl einen napfförmigen Bereich 25, 35 bzw. 27, 28 als auch einen sickenförmigen Bereich 24, 34 bzw. 26 auf, die sich in Längsachsenrichtung der Vorrichtung jeweils beiderseits der Ebene der Kontaktfläche des Zylinders und der Elektrode erstrecken. Das ermöglicht eine besonders effiziente Stapelung, weil die mittlere Elektrode 25 bzw. 28 zweier Ableiter nur einmal vorhanden sein muss, aber beiden zugeordneten Ableitern als Elektrode zur Verfügung steht.In order to obtain protection against higher voltages and flashes, preferably several of the arresters configured according to FIG. 1 a or FIG. 1 b are connected in series and form a module. In order to optimize the construction volume and the manufacturing process, further exemplary embodiments according to FIG. 2 or FIG. 3 are provided, in which the insulating ceramics 12, 14, 16 and 18 opposite the electrodes 22, 32 or the electrodes 23 a, 23 b opposite the insulating ceramics 13, 15 and 17 graded. According to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, at least one of the electrodes has both a cup-shaped region 25, 35 or 27, 28 and a bead-shaped region 24, 34 and 26, respectively in the longitudinal axis direction of the device on both sides of the plane of the contact surface of the cylinder and the electrode extend. This allows a particularly efficient stacking because the middle electrode 25 or 28 of two arresters must be present only once, but is available as an electrode to both associated arresters.
Die Ableiter sind so ausgebildet, dass die Elektroden an der Querachse der Vorrichtung gespiegelt sind. Das ermöglicht eine effiziente Stapelung mit geringen Abmessungen des so gebildeten Moduls.The arresters are designed so that the electrodes are mirrored on the transverse axis of the device. This allows efficient stacking with small dimensions of the module thus formed.
Bei den Modulen gemäß Figur 2 bzw. Figur 3 sind mehrere Vorrichtungen bzw. Ableiter in Reihe geschaltet. Besonders platzsparend ist es, wenn zwei in Reihe geschaltete Vorrichtungen eine mittlere gemeinsame Elektrode aufweisen, die als eine der beiden Elektroden jeder der zwei Vorrichtungen ausgebildet ist.In the modules according to FIG. 2 or FIG. 3, a plurality of devices or arresters are connected in series. It is particularly space-saving when two devices connected in series have a central common electrode, which is formed as one of the two electrodes of each of the two devices.
Die Gesamtanordnung besteht gemäß Figur 4 aus einer Reihenschaltung einzelner Ableiter FS200 und FS600 mit gleichen (FS200) oder unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften, z.B. mit Ansprechgleichspannungen von 200V oder 600V. Eine äußere Beschaltung verschiedener Teilstrecken ist vorteilhaft. Diese Beschaltung erfolgt bevorzugt mit Varistoren Vl, V2, V3. Sie kann aber auch in anderer Weise mit dem Ziel realisiert werden, bei dynamischer Belastung einen schnellen Potentialanstieg an einem oder mehreren Einzelableiter zu erreichen . Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform aus 6 Elementen FS200 mit Uag=200 V und einem Element FS600 mit Uag=600 V in Kombination mit zwei Varistoren Vl mit 250V und V2 mit 420V zeigt Figur 4a. Figur 4b zeigt die gleiche Ableiteranordnung wie Figur 4a, jedoch mit zwei Varistoren V3 zu je 200V, die jeweils parallel zu drei seriell geschalteten Ableitern FS200 und zueinander in Serie geschaltet sind. Figur 4c zeigt die gleiche Ableiteranordnung wie Figur 4a, jedoch mit einem Varistor V2 mit 420V, der parallel zu den sechs Ableitern FS200 geschaltet ist.The overall arrangement according to FIG. 4 consists of a series connection of individual arresters FS200 and FS600 with the same (FS200) or different properties, eg with operating DC voltages of 200V or 600V. An external wiring of different sections is advantageous. This wiring is preferably carried out with varistors Vl, V2, V3. However, it can also be realized in another way with the aim of achieving a rapid increase in potential at one or more individual conductors under dynamic load. A preferred embodiment of 6 elements FS200 with U ag = 200 V and an element FS600 with U ag = 600 V in combination with two varistors Vl with 250V and V2 with 420V is shown in FIG. 4a. FIG. 4b shows the same arrester arrangement as FIG. 4a, but with two varistors V3 of 200 V each, which are connected in parallel to three serially connected arresters FS200 and to each other in series. Figure 4c shows the same arrester arrangement as Figure 4a, but with a varistor V2 with 420V, which is connected in parallel to the six arresters FS200.
Die Reihenschaltung von Einzelableitern FS200 und FS600, die vorzugsweise durch eine Klemmung in einem elektrisch leitfähigen, zangenförmigen Halter 61, 62, 63 unter Beachtung der Montierbarkeit in standardisierten Schienensystemen realisiert wird, zeigt Figur 5. Die Halter 61 und 63 sind durch Abstandshalter voneinander isoliert. Parallel zu den Ableitern FS 200 ist ein Varistor V geschaltet.The series connection of individual arresters FS200 and FS600, which is preferably realized by clamping in an electrically conductive, tong-like holder 61, 62, 63, taking into account the mountability in standardized rail systems, is shown in FIG. 5. The holders 61 and 63 are insulated from one another by spacers. Parallel to the arresters FS 200, a varistor V is connected.
Die Klemmung ermöglicht die einfache Anpassung der elektrischen Eigenschaften an den Anwendungsfall, indem einzelne Ableiter variiert oder ausgetauscht werden können und eine äußere Beschaltung verschiedener Teilstrecken vorgenommen werden kann. Diese Beschaltung erfolgt bevorzugt mit Varistoren, kann aber auch in anderer Weise mit dem Ziel realisiert werden, bei dynamischer Belastung einen schnellen Potentialanstieg an einem oder mehreren Einzelableiter zu erreichen . The clamping allows easy adaptation of the electrical properties to the application, by individual arresters can be varied or replaced and an external wiring of different sections can be made. This wiring is preferably carried out with varistors, but can also be realized in another way with the aim to achieve a rapid increase in potential at one or more Einzelableiter under dynamic load.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Vorrichtung zum Schutz vor Blitzen und Überspannungen mit zwei Elektroden (2, 3; 21, 31; 22, 32), die beide Stirnflächen eines Zylinders (1; 11; 12) aus isolierendem Material gasdicht verschließen und im Innern der so gebildeten Kammer einen Entladungsraum (7; 71) definieren, wobei innerhalb der Kammer im Kontaktbereich zumindest einer der Elektroden und des Zylinders wenigstens eine Abstufung1. A device for protection against lightning and overvoltage with two electrodes (2, 3, 21, 31, 22, 32), the two end surfaces of a cylinder (1, 11, 12) of insulating material gas-tight seal and inside the chamber thus formed define a discharge space (7; 71), wherein within the chamber in the contact region of at least one of the electrodes and the cylinder at least one step
(4; 41; 42) derart vorgesehen ist, dass sich die Kammer bis über die Innenwand des Zylinders hinaus erstreckt.(4; 41; 42) is provided such that the chamber extends beyond the inner wall of the cylinder.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, bei der die Abstufung in der stirnseitigen Innenwand des Zylinders und/oder in zumindest einer der Elektroden angeordnet ist.2. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the gradation is arranged in the front-side inner wall of the cylinder and / or in at least one of the electrodes.
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei der die Innenwand des Zylinders Zündhilfen (5; 51) aufweist, die sich bis auf die stirnseitige Innenwand des Zylinders erstrecken.3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the inner wall of the cylinder ignition aids (5; 51), which extend to the front-side inner wall of the cylinder.
4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, bei der die Zündhilfen (51, 52) strichförmig sind und sich bis auf die Abstufung in der stirnseitigen Innenwand des Zylinders erstrecken.4. Apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the ignition aids (51, 52) are line-shaped and extend up to the gradation in the front-side inner wall of the cylinder.
5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, bei der die Zündhilfen im Übergangsbereich von der Innenwand zu der stirnseitigen Innenwand des Zylinders verbreitert sind.5. Apparatus according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the ignition aids are widened in the transition region from the inner wall to the front-side inner wall of the cylinder.
6. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, die stapelbar zur Stapelung mehrerer gleichartiger Vorrichtungen ausgebildet ist. 6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, which is stackable for stacking a plurality of similar devices.
7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, bei der zumindest eine der Elektroden sowohl einen napfförmigen Bereich (25, 35) als auch einen sickenförmigen Bereich (24, 34) aufweist, die sich in Längsachsenrichtung der Vorrichtung jeweils beiderseits der Ebene der Kontaktfläche des Zylinders und der Elektrode erstrecken .7. Apparatus according to claim 6, wherein at least one of the electrodes both a cup-shaped region (25, 35) and a bead-shaped portion (24, 34) extending in the longitudinal axis direction of the device respectively on both sides of the plane of the contact surface of the cylinder and the Extending electrode.
8. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, bei der die Elektroden an der Querachse der Vorrichtung gespiegelt sind.8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the electrodes are mirrored on the transverse axis of the device.
9. Modul, umfassend mehrere in Reihe geschaltete Vorrichtungen (FS200, FS600) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis9. module comprising a plurality of devices connected in series (FS200, FS600) according to one of claims 1 to
10. Modul nach Anspruch 9, bei dem zwei in Reihe geschaltete Vorrichtungen eine mittlere gemeinsame Elektrode (32, 35, 36; 28) aufweisen, die als eine der beiden Elektroden jeder der zwei Vorrichtungen ausgebildet ist.A module according to claim 9, wherein two series connected devices comprise a central common electrode (32, 35, 36, 28) formed as one of the two electrodes of each of the two devices.
11. Modul nach Anspruch 9 oder 10, umfassend eine Haltevorrichtung mit zwei beidseits des Moduls angeordneten elektrisch leitfähigen Haltern (61, 62), die durch Abstandsisolatoren (63) verbunden sind und das Modul klemmen.11. Module according to claim 9 or 10, comprising a holding device with two on both sides of the module arranged electrically conductive holders (61, 62) which are connected by spacer insulators (63) and clamp the module.
12. Modul nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 11, bei dem parallel zu mindestens einem Teil der in Reihe geschalteten Vorrichtungen ein Varistor (V; Vl, V2 ; V3) geschaltet ist.12. A module according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein a varistor (V; Vl, V2; V3) is connected in parallel to at least a part of the devices connected in series.
13. Modul nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 12, bei dem mehrere Vorrichtungen mit unterschiedlicher Ansprechspannung in Reihe geschaltet sind. 13. Module according to one of claims 9 to 12, wherein a plurality of devices are connected in series with different response voltage.
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN101779349A (en) 2010-07-14
US20100156264A1 (en) 2010-06-24
WO2008155424A1 (en) 2008-12-24
CN101779349B (en) 2013-05-29
EP2162961B1 (en) 2012-03-21
DE102008029094A1 (en) 2009-01-02
KR20100040860A (en) 2010-04-21
JP2010532069A (en) 2010-09-30
US8080927B2 (en) 2011-12-20
ATE550816T1 (en) 2012-04-15
JP5200100B2 (en) 2013-05-15

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