EP2162781A1 - Optische anordnung und ihre verwendung - Google Patents
Optische anordnung und ihre verwendungInfo
- Publication number
- EP2162781A1 EP2162781A1 EP08773396A EP08773396A EP2162781A1 EP 2162781 A1 EP2162781 A1 EP 2162781A1 EP 08773396 A EP08773396 A EP 08773396A EP 08773396 A EP08773396 A EP 08773396A EP 2162781 A1 EP2162781 A1 EP 2162781A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- laser beam
- optical arrangement
- laser
- amplitude mask
- arrangement according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
- G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
- G02B27/0988—Diaphragms, spatial filters, masks for removing or filtering a part of the beam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
- B23K26/066—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms by using masks
Definitions
- the invention relates to an optical arrangement and its use.
- Focused laser beams are used for local treatment or processing of materials. Particularly important for the processing of a material in this context is the spatial distribution of the light intensity at the focal point (focus) of the laser beam. This spatial distribution can be described by isointensity surfaces, also referred to as isophotes. The shape and size of the isophotes are determined by the focusing optics and the optical refractive indices of the materials to be exposed and usually have the shape of ellipsoids of revolution whose longest axis in the axial direction with respect to the beam path of the laser beam.
- the light intensity within a small volume at the focal point of the laser beam may exceed the material-specific threshold for multiphoton absorption.
- the volume within which this absorption takes place is determined by the course of the isophotes. The local absorption in this volume can cause physical or chemical changes, e.g. in the case of exposure of photoresists, results in selective chemical solubility in subsequent treatment steps.
- US 2006/0171846 A1, US 2005/0046818 A1 and US Pat. No. 6,618,174 B2 each describe optical arrangements using a laser as spatial filters, wherein an amplitude mask is introduced in the beam path of the laser beam emerging from the laser between the laser and a focusing element in that the laser beam is first focused in the focusing element before subsequently applying the amplitude mask, whereby the amplitude mask is not located in the collimated beam emanating from the laser.
- DE 10 2004 013 886 A1 discloses an optical arrangement with a laser used as a projection mask, wherein an amplitude mask is also introduced between the laser and a focusing element in the beam path of the laser beam emerging from the laser so that the laser beam first focuses in the focusing element before applying the amplitude mask, so that the amplitude mask is not in the collimated beam emanating from the laser.
- 10 2005 009 188 A1 describes an optical arrangement with a laser, wherein in the beam path of the laser beam emerging from the laser Beam is introduced between the laser and a focusing element, a first amplitude mask, which is first acted upon by the laser beam.
- the first amplitude mask serves to influence the amplitude of the beam profile at a beam splitter, wherein the beam splitter may have an annular configuration which is chosen such that the losses in the fluorescence detection are as small as possible.
- a second amplitude mask is used to make an additional spatial filtering about the suppression of disturbing diffraction orders also at the beam splitter.
- an optical arrangement is to be provided, which makes it possible that in the isophotes in an exposed material no spatial direction is excellent, so that the isophotes are formed as spherical as possible.
- An inventive arrangement comprises a laser, and in the beam path of the laser light emerging from the laser, there are an amplitude mask and a focusing element, wherein the arrangement is configured such that the laser beam initially applied to the amplitude mask before it then focuses in the focusing element becomes.
- the amplitude mask is arranged concentrically to the optical axis of the laser beam.
- the amplitude mask is preferably constructed such that it has at least one region of preferably one, two, three or more rings which are concentric about the axis of the amplitude. mask are arranged owns.
- Transmission within the area is less than the transmission of the areas on the amplitude mask which are outside the area. This condition is disregarded for those regions of the amplitude mask which are located as an edge outside the area of the amplitude mask which can be acted upon by the laser beam.
- the intensity of the transmitted through the amplitude mask light can thus be varied continuously between 0% and 100% of the incident light locally.
- the optical arrangement includes an amplitude disc, wherein the one or more rings each have a transmission of 0% to 60% and the areas on the amplitude mask outside of the ring or rings have a transmission between 80% and 100%.
- the optical arrangement contains exactly one ring, which has a transmission of 0% to 60%, an inner opening angle ⁇ i of 1 ° to 25 ° and an outer opening angle ⁇ a of 60 ° to a dependent on the size of the amplitude disc possesses possible maximum opening angle.
- the aperture angles characterize the amplitude mask with respect to the entrance pupil of the focusing element used and the aperture angle ⁇ , each viewed from the focus.
- the listed parameters for the amplitude mask of exactly one ring are designed so that the axial elongation of the isophotons is significantly reduced in comparison to the lateral extent, but at the same time the intensity in the occurring secondary maxima of the isophotes compared to the main maximum is kept low and simultaneously the decrease of the absolute intensity of the main maximum compared to the intensity without amplitude mask is kept as low as possible.
- amplitude masks consisting of several rings, decreases the axial extent of the isophotons in comparison to the lateral extent even further and the intensity in the secondary maxima of the isophotes relative to the main maximum, depending on the choice of parameters, can be significantly increased.
- amplitude masks do not serve to improve the resolution during the passive collection of light, but rather to adjust the intensity distribution in the focus for active processing of materials by means of laser light. Compared to microscopy, the light path is reversed, so to speak.
- the amplitude mask comprises a glass substrate to which the ring or rings in the form of a metal film, preferably gold on chromium as an adhesive layer, are applied, whereby the transmission in the metallic regions can be adjusted.
- the metal film has a thickness of 1/100 to 1/20 of the wavelength of the laser beam. Therefore, for the range of visible light (400 nm to 800 nm), layer thicknesses between 4 nm and 40 nm are preferred.
- an amplitude masks differs from a phase mask, which does not modify the amplitude, but the phase of a light beam acting on it.
- transparent materials having layer thicknesses between 1/10 and 1/2 the wavelength of the laser beam, i. between 40 nm and 400 nm for visible light.
- Amplitude masks are moreover preferable to phase masks, which would also be conceivable for manipulating the isophotas, since in the case of the amplitude masks the phase is still available as a free and independent parameter for occurring spherical aberrations, chromatic aberrations or other lens defects, the extent of which depends in part on how deep the material lies in the focus, in addition, if necessary, using other optical components, compensate.
- the arrangement according to the invention finds use for modifying the spatial intensity distribution in the focus or a secondary maximum of the laser beam in a material, preferably in a photosensitive material, which is acted upon by the laser beam. In particular, this arrangement is thus suitable for producing chemical or physical changes, ablations, micro-explosions, plasmas or microcracks in the material.
- organic or inorganic photoresists are organic or inorganic photoresists, glass, single-pane safety glass (ESG), laminated safety glass (VSG), acrylic glass (PMMA), ceramic glass, sapphire or polycarbonate (PC).
- ESG single-pane safety glass
- VSG laminated safety glass
- PMMA acrylic glass
- PC polycarbonate
- the arrangement according to the invention is used to carry out single or multiphoton absorption in the focus or a secondary maximum of the laser beam within the material.
- the laser is focused on one or more interfaces of adjacent materials within the material, whereby the inventive arrangement in the context of laser welding for connecting two or more interfaces, which are in focus or in a secondary maximum of the laser beam used.
- the arrangement according to the invention is used for direct laser writing.
- the incorporation according to the invention of amplitude masks into the beam path immediately in front of the focusing element (objective) reduces the axial elongation in relation to the lateral extent of the isophotes in the material and in this way brings the shape of the isophotons closer to the ideal of ball symmetry .
- the use of amplitude masks designed especially for this purpose permits shaping and amplification of the secondary maxima of the isophotes, by means of which additional regions in the photosensitive material are additionally exposed simultaneously to the focal point as the main maximum.
- z. B. a spatially separated MuItiphotonen polymerization within an exposure step possible.
- optical arrangement according to the invention as a beam source can be part of an optical tweezers.
- optical arrangement according to the invention is used in medical technology, for.
- An amplitude mask for an arrangement according to the invention can be produced by the following method.
- a suitable for the wavelength of the laser light used transparent substrate in particular made of glass, is provided.
- a material preferably photoresist, is applied as a planar negative mask.
- a thin layer whose local extinction is infinitely variable between 0% and 100% at the wavelength of the laser light used is vapor-deposited on the mask.
- the local extinction results as the product of the extinctions of the individual vapor deposited layers.
- Suitable materials for the layers are both absorbent and reflective materials, in particular metal films.
- FIG. 6 shows sections through structures produced by means of direct laser writing without (a) or with (b) amplitude mask
- Fig. Ia shows schematically the structure of an inventive arrangement 10 and its use for modifying the spatial intensity distribution of a focused laser beam in a photosensitive material 5. From a laser 1 exits a laser beam 2, in the beam path between the laser 1 and a focus - The element 4 is an amplitude mask 3.
- the laser beam 2 'modified by the focussing element 4 forms a focal point (focus) 6 within a photosensitive material 5 and, depending on the characteristics of the amplitude mask 3 and the focussing element used. ment 4, in addition also two or possibly several secondary maxima 7,
- FIG. 1 b schematically illustrates a concentrically constructed amplitude mask 3 which has a single ring 31.
- a first region 30 around which the single ring 31 is arranged.
- a further region 32 which, just like the region 30, has a higher transmission for the laser radiation compared to the transmission of the ring 31.
- the edge 39 of the amplitude mask 3, which is located outside the laser beam 2 has an arbitrary value for the transmission between 0% and 100%.
- Fig. Ic shows a further schematic representation of the concentric constructed amplitude mask 3 with a single ring 31 of Fig. Ib).
- the inner opening angle ⁇ i and the outer opening angle ⁇ a characterize the amplitude mask 3 with respect to the entrance pupil of the inserted focusing element 4 and the opening angle ⁇ .
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic of a possible method for producing an amplitude mask 3.
- FIG. 2 a) shows the provision of a transparent substrate 300 suitable for the wavelength of the laser light used, to which a first layer 301 made of a material, preferably photoresist, has been applied according to FIG. 2 b) and then according to FIG. 2 c) a planar negative mask the amplitude mask 3 to be realized was produced.
- FIG. 2 d shows how a thin second layer 302 of chromium, which serves as adhesion promoter, and gold, whose local extinction is infinitely variable between 0% and 100% at the wavelength of the laser light used, are subsequently applied to the mask 301 was evaporated.
- the second layer 302 After detaching the first layer 301 (mask) applied to the substrate 300 according to FIG. 2c), as shown in FIG. 2e), the second layer 302 remained as a positive on the sub-layer. strat 300 left. This positive represents the amplitude mask 3.
- a first amplitude mask according to the invention
- the profile of the isophotes at the focal point is significantly more spherical in comparison to FIG. 3.
- the resulting isophotes in the minor maximum allow the simultaneous exposure of three areas within the photosensitive material.
- FIG. 6 shows sections through structures produced by means of direct laser writing without the arrangement according to the invention (FIG. 6a) or with the arrangement 10 according to the invention (FIG. 6b).
- the transmission of ring 31 was 10% ⁇ 1%, which indicates the transmission through the area of the metallized glass substrate relative to the transmission through the surrounding glass substrate.
- the structure in Fig. 6a) was made by means of a simple focused laser beam without amplitude mask.
- an amplitude mask 3 was used according to the invention, which was introduced into the laser beam 2 directly in front of the microscope objective as a focusing element 4.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
- Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007032181A DE102007032181B4 (de) | 2007-07-11 | 2007-07-11 | Optische Anordnung und ihre Verwendung |
| PCT/EP2008/004705 WO2009006976A1 (de) | 2007-07-11 | 2008-06-12 | Optische anordnung und ihre verwendung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2162781A1 true EP2162781A1 (de) | 2010-03-17 |
Family
ID=39684088
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08773396A Withdrawn EP2162781A1 (de) | 2007-07-11 | 2008-06-12 | Optische anordnung und ihre verwendung |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8389927B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP2162781A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP5623274B2 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2701597C (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102007032181B4 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2009006976A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LU93326B1 (de) | 2016-11-29 | 2018-06-11 | Highyag Lasertechnologie Gmbh | Element zur Formung des Fokus eines Lasers |
| CN108594444B (zh) * | 2018-03-28 | 2020-12-04 | 浙江师范大学 | 基于胶片振幅调制和锥镜相位调制产生Mathieu光束的方法 |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6911659B1 (en) * | 2001-05-29 | 2005-06-28 | Avanex Corporation | Method and apparatus for fabricating and trimming optical fiber bragg grating devices |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09326344A (ja) * | 1996-06-04 | 1997-12-16 | Nikon Corp | 露光方法 |
| WO1998021629A2 (en) * | 1996-11-15 | 1998-05-22 | Diffraction, Ltd. | In-line holographic mask for micromachining |
| US6410213B1 (en) * | 1998-06-09 | 2002-06-25 | Corning Incorporated | Method for making optical microstructures having profile heights exceeding fifteen microns |
| US6911959B1 (en) * | 2001-07-17 | 2005-06-28 | National Semiconductor Corporation | Low cost horizontal bar indicator system for on screen displays |
| GB0118306D0 (en) * | 2001-07-27 | 2001-09-19 | Isis Innovation | Method of,and apparatus for,generating a focussed light beam |
| US7312432B2 (en) * | 2002-07-08 | 2007-12-25 | Dmetrix, Inc. | Single axis illumination for multi-axis imaging system |
| JP3993553B2 (ja) * | 2003-10-15 | 2007-10-17 | 独立行政法人科学技術振興機構 | 3次元分析装置 |
| US7585596B1 (en) * | 2003-10-16 | 2009-09-08 | Eric G. Johnson | Micro-sculpting using phase masks for projection lithography |
| JP2005157197A (ja) * | 2003-11-28 | 2005-06-16 | Canon Inc | 光量調整装置、光学装置および撮影装置 |
| DE102004013886A1 (de) * | 2004-03-16 | 2005-10-06 | Carl Zeiss Smt Ag | Verfahren zur Mehrfachbelichtung, Mikrolithografie-Projektionsbelichtungsanlage und Projektionssystem |
| US7136227B2 (en) * | 2004-08-06 | 2006-11-14 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Fresnel zone plate based on elastic materials |
| JP4029111B2 (ja) * | 2004-09-17 | 2008-01-09 | 日立マクセル株式会社 | マザーグレイスケールマスクの製造方法、及びレンズ付きマザーグレイスケールマスクの製造方法 |
| US20060171846A1 (en) * | 2005-01-10 | 2006-08-03 | Marr David W M | Microfluidic systems incorporating integrated optical waveguides |
| DE102005009188A1 (de) * | 2005-03-01 | 2006-09-07 | Carl Zeiss Jena Gmbh | Punktscannendes Laser-Scanning-Mikroskop sowie Verfahren zur Einstellung eines Mikroskopes |
| WO2008127410A2 (en) * | 2006-11-07 | 2008-10-23 | New York University | Holographic microfabrication and characterization system for soft matter and biological systems |
-
2007
- 2007-07-11 DE DE102007032181A patent/DE102007032181B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-06-12 EP EP08773396A patent/EP2162781A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-06-12 CA CA2701597A patent/CA2701597C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-06-12 US US12/665,157 patent/US8389927B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-06-12 WO PCT/EP2008/004705 patent/WO2009006976A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2008-06-12 JP JP2010515360A patent/JP5623274B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6911659B1 (en) * | 2001-05-29 | 2005-06-28 | Avanex Corporation | Method and apparatus for fabricating and trimming optical fiber bragg grating devices |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US8389927B2 (en) | 2013-03-05 |
| US20110192965A1 (en) | 2011-08-11 |
| WO2009006976A1 (de) | 2009-01-15 |
| CA2701597A1 (en) | 2009-01-15 |
| DE102007032181B4 (de) | 2012-02-16 |
| DE102007032181A1 (de) | 2009-01-15 |
| JP5623274B2 (ja) | 2014-11-12 |
| JP2010532881A (ja) | 2010-10-14 |
| CA2701597C (en) | 2015-04-07 |
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Legal Events
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| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
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| 17P | Request for examination filed |
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| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
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| DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| RIC1 | Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant |
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| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
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