EP2161717A1 - Procédé d'atténuation ou suppression d'un signal de bruit pour un auditeur portant un type spécifique de casque ou d'oreillette, casque ou oreillette correspondants et système de haut-parleur correspondant - Google Patents

Procédé d'atténuation ou suppression d'un signal de bruit pour un auditeur portant un type spécifique de casque ou d'oreillette, casque ou oreillette correspondants et système de haut-parleur correspondant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2161717A1
EP2161717A1 EP08163841A EP08163841A EP2161717A1 EP 2161717 A1 EP2161717 A1 EP 2161717A1 EP 08163841 A EP08163841 A EP 08163841A EP 08163841 A EP08163841 A EP 08163841A EP 2161717 A1 EP2161717 A1 EP 2161717A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
signal
noise
headphone
earphone
nrs
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EP08163841A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jürgen Schmidt
Peter Jax
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Deutsche Thomson OHG
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Deutsche Thomson OHG
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Priority to EP08163841A priority Critical patent/EP2161717A1/fr
Publication of EP2161717A1 publication Critical patent/EP2161717A1/fr
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10KSOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1787General system configurations
    • G10K11/17885General system configurations additionally using a desired external signal, e.g. pass-through audio such as music or speech
    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10KSOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1785Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices
    • G10K11/17853Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices of the filter
    • G10K11/17854Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices of the filter the filter being an adaptive filter
    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10KSOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1785Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices
    • G10K11/17857Geometric disposition, e.g. placement of microphones
    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10KSOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1785Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices
    • G10K11/17861Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices using additional means for damping sound, e.g. using sound absorbing panels
    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10KSOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1787General system configurations
    • G10K11/17879General system configurations using both a reference signal and an error signal
    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10KSOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K2210/00Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • G10K2210/10Applications
    • G10K2210/108Communication systems, e.g. where useful sound is kept and noise is cancelled
    • G10K2210/1081Earphones, e.g. for telephones, ear protectors or headsets

Definitions

  • the invention concerns a method for attenuating or suppressing a noise signal for a listener wearing a specific kind of headphone, and that headphone or earphone, and a related loudspeaker system.
  • Acoustic noise can be extremely annoying to human beings. In case of extreme sound pressure levels of the noise, or with strong noise levels over a longer period of time, the human ear can become damaged. Even if the sound level of the noise is not high enough to damage the ear physiologically, the noise can still be strongly annoying to a listener. The reason for such annoyance is highly subjective: the same sound can be perceived as comfortable by one listener but as disturbing noise by another listener.
  • the headphone comprises a loudspeaker and a measurement microphone.
  • the microphone signal is fed into an electric circuit (analogue or digital) that produces a phase-inverted version of the acoustic sound to be played back via the loudspeaker.
  • the loudspeaker signal and the acoustic noise cancel out each other, and the overall sound pressure level at the ears is reduced.
  • a desired signal to be played via the loudspeaker, e.g. to listen to music with reduced background noise.
  • feed-forward ANC has never been applied for headphones before.
  • Another category of active hearing protection devices uses passive damping techniques ('mickey mouses').
  • the device can have a microphone at the outside and a loudspeaker inside. In the default manner of operation, the microphone signal is fed to the loudspeaker without modification.
  • a target scenario is the protection of the staff of a retail store from having to listen to advertisements that are played back in the store to address the customers.
  • the staff of a retail store cannot wear passive or active hearing protection devices because all sounds would be attenuated and therefore the communication with the customers would be impaired.
  • Other examples include hearing protection for people that are continuously exposed to audio signals with strong playback levels, e.g. the staff in discotheques or musicians.
  • a problem to be solved by the invention is to attenuate only a specific part of the acoustic sound, but to leave the remaining sound unaltered. This problem is solved by the method disclosed in claim 1.
  • a headphone or earphone that utilises this method is disclosed in claim 2.
  • a related loudspeaker system is disclosed in claim 3.
  • open (or closed) headphones or earphones based on a feed-forward active noise cancellation (ANC) are used, wherein the ANC system relies on a separately received reference noise signal.
  • closed headphones or earphones based on frequency-selective filtering and noise cancellation techniques are used, wherein the noise cancellation or suppression system relies on a separately received reference noise signal.
  • active noise control (ANC) techniques the signal modification, i.e. the cancellation of the noise, does not take place in the acoustic domain but inside a signal processing device, which allows for very controlled and robust signal processing.
  • a pre-requisite for both embodiments of the invention is that the raw primary source signal of the undesired signal is known.
  • the reference noise signal is transmitted, in analog or digital format, wired or (electronically or optically, i.e. non-acoustically) wireless to the headphone device, i.e. information about the original primary noise signal is transferred to a personal headphone or earphone device.
  • specific related parameters could be transmitted.
  • the term 'headphone' will include the meaning of 'earphone' in the sequel.
  • the headphone may be open, such that with de-activated ANC system the full acoustic sound can reach the ear without degradation.
  • the system estimates the electro-acoustic transfer function from the primary source (e.g. a loudspeaker in a retail store) to the location of the ear, using a measurement microphone that is placed at the headphone, feeds the electronically or optically (i.e. non-acoustically) received version of the primary (reference) source signal into a filter using estimated filter coefficients, and emits a phase-inverted version of the resulting signal via the headphone loudspeaker.
  • the loudspeaker signal will cancel the acoustically received undesired noise signal.
  • Other acoustic sounds will be left unmodified because they cannot be predicted or estimated from the reference noise signal.
  • closed headphones based on frequency-selective filtering and noise cancellation techniques are used, i.e. headphones that feature a strong passive attenuation of surrounding acoustic sounds.
  • a microphone is placed outside of the sound insulation and the recorded signal is played back via a loudspeaker inside the sound insulation.
  • This embodiment relates to suppressing (frequency-selective filtering) and/or cancelling (subtraction of predicted signal) parts of the transmitted acoustic sounds that relate to a specific noise source.
  • the inventive method is suited for attenuating or suppressing a noise signal for a listener wearing a specific kind of headphone or earphone, wherein said noise signal is emitted by at least one sound source - e.g. a loudspeaker - and is thus audible to other listeners not wearing said specific kind of headphone or earphone, said method including the steps:
  • the inventive headphone or earphone is suited for attenuating or suppressing a noise signal for a listener wearing said headphone or earphone, wherein said noise signal is sound source-emitted - e.g. loudspeaker-emitted - and is thus audible to other listeners not wearing said headphone or earphone, and wherein a noise reference signal that represents a source signal of said sound source-emitted signal is transferred non-acoustically to said specific kind of headphone or earphone, said headphone or earphone including:
  • the inventive loudspeaker system emits a noise signal audible to listeners not wearing a specific kind of headphone or earphone and additionally emits non-acoustically a noise reference signal which can be used in said specific kind of headphone or earphone for attenuating or suppressing the audibility of said noise signal for a listener wearing said specific kind of headphone or earphone, said loudspeaker system including:
  • 'open' or 'closed' headphones are used, wherein specific undesired acoustic signals at the positions of the listener's ears are eliminated or nearly eliminated.
  • the raw undesired signal is transferred electronically or optically (i.e. non-acoustically) to the headphone/earphone.
  • the protection from a Public Address (P/A) system is described in connection with Fig. 1 .
  • the goal is to provide a public address system, but to allow for cancelling the P/A signal for certain individuals by using the depicted headphone.
  • the P/A system is depicted at the right-hand side of Fig. 1 and the headphone at the left-hand side.
  • the known signal path (not depicted in detail) to the P/A system loudspeaker or loudspeaker array LPA is modified in that the P/A loudspeaker signal LS passes through an encoder step or stage ENC and a decoder step or stage DEC.
  • This feature is to guarantee that the relationship between the noise reference signal NRS as received wirelessly by the ANC headphone and the acoustic noise signal EAS is only of linear nature. Any non-linear coding noise as introduced by a mid to low-rate encoding system would otherwise degrade the performance of the ANC headphone.
  • Another modification of the known P/A system playback path is that a delay element DEL is inserted between the encoder ENC output and LPA, and/or between the path split to TR and the input of DEC. This delay step or stage DEL may be necessary because the wireless transmission of signal NRS introduces latencies due to forward error protection, signal processing for modulation, etc.
  • the additional delay element DEL in front of the P/A loudspeaker LPA gives enough headroom to allow for causal ANC processing in the headphone HPH.
  • the latency of the electro-acoustic path (including the decoder DEC and the additional delay element DEL) has to be equal or greater than the latency of the wireless transmission of the noise reference signal NRS.
  • the transmission step or stage TR for the noise reference signal NRS receives as input signal the output signal of encoder ENC and can use any wireless transmission scheme that allows a more or less error-free decoding in the corresponding receiver REC in headphone HPH, i.e. it is available bit-exactly in the ANC headphone to allow exact system identification of the electro-acoustic path.
  • the noise reference signal NRS can be transferred via wire to the headphone, in which case the receiver REC may be omitted.
  • the raw noise reference signal NRS is sent to the headphone via a separate channel.
  • the received noise reference signal NRS in its electronic form passes through a variable filter step or stage FI and an inverter step or stage INV to the headphone's loudspeaker HL, and is fed to an adaptation step or stage ADPT.
  • ADPT also receives the output signal of microphone MIC, and adaptation step/stage ADPT controls the characteristic of filter FI such that its inverted output signal, when emitted from loudspeaker HL, cancels out the EAS signal as much as possible, or to a pre-determined or pre-set degree.
  • the signal derived from the received noise reference signal NRS is in the acoustic domain substracted from the local version of the noise signal EAS.
  • the signal processing in REC, FI, INV, ADPT, TR, DEL, DEC and/or ENC can be analog or digital.
  • x ( n ) is the noise reference signal NRS output from receiver REC
  • y ( n ) is the electric signal fed into loudspeaker HL
  • S ( z ) is related to the frequency response of HL (more precisely: the linear system consisting of D/A conversion, amplifier, loudspeaker, i.e. the ectro-acoustic processing of the inverted noise signal)
  • y '( n ) is the resulting acoustic loudspeaker signal output from HL
  • e ( n ) is the acoustic signal captured by the microphone MIC of the headphone.
  • a filtered-X LMS algorithm (instead of a straight-forward LMS algorithm) is used for adaptation of the adaptive filter W ( z ) (corresponding to filter FI), because the subtraction that is observed by the microphone MIC inside the headphone takes place in the acoustic domain.
  • the filtered-X LMS algorithm (corresponds to the function of step/stage ADPT) takes into account that the output signal of the adaptive filter W ( z ) has to pass a linear system consisting of D/A conversion, amplifier, loudspeaker, etc., before contributing to this 'acoustic subtraction'.
  • P ( z ) corresponds to the 'real' acoustic path and ⁇ ( z ) is an estimation of S ( z ).
  • the active hearing protection according to the second embodiment of the invention, 'closed' headphones or earphones are used, wherein specific undesired acoustic signals at the positions of the listener's ears are eliminated or nearly eliminated.
  • the raw undesired signal NRS is transferred electronically or optically (i.e. non-acoustically) to the headphone.
  • information on the original primary noise signal NRS is transmitted to a personal headphone device.
  • the headphone CHPH is assumed to be closed, i.e. it provides a reasonable damping of surrounding acoustic sound by passive means. As shown in Fig.
  • examples for such headphones include in-the-ear plugs built from foam or rubber material or custom-molded plugs (right-hand side) as well as closed circum-aural headphones (left-hand side).
  • the headphone CHPH comprises a microphone MICO outside of the sound insulation and a loudspeaker HL inside of the sound insulation.
  • a signal processing step or stage SP is arranged between the microphone and the loudspeaker. The signal processing SP can take place in the headphone itself or in a separate break-out box.
  • a receiver REC is used in the headphone CHPH for receiving the external noise reference signal NRS and feeding it into signal processing step/stage SP.
  • At least one microphone MICO of the closed-type headphone or earphone receives the noise signal EAS (plus any other desired sound) outside the headphone or earphone and the adaptive signal processing SP is carried out by using the received noise reference signal NRS for electronically attenuating or suppressing the received noise signal before the resulting (desired) sound is output by at least one loudspeaker HL inside the headphone or earphone to the listener.
  • the noise reference signal is sent by a transmitter step or stage TR that is placed in front of, or near, the primary noise source.
  • Example transmitters are depicted at the right-hand side of Fig. 1 and in Fig. 4 .
  • the transmission step or stage TR for the noise reference signal NRS receives as input signal the output signal of encoder ENC and can use any wireless transmission scheme that allows a more or less error-free decoding in the corresponding receiver REC in headphone HPH.
  • the noise reference signal NRS can be transferred via wire to the headphone CPHP, in which case the receiver REC may be omitted.
  • the encoder step/stage ENC receives as input the signal of microphone TMIC that captures the sound of the electro-acoustic path noise signal EAS, i.e. in parallel to its acoustic presentation, the raw noise reference signal NRS is sent to the headphone via a separate channel.
  • the trumpet 'noise' is picked up by microphone TMIC and the recorded signal is sent to the headphone.
  • the signal processing in REC, SP, TR and/or ENC can be analog or digital.
  • the signal processing device SP uses the noise reference signal NRS to suppress or cancel the noise sound that is received via the electro-acoustic path EAS.
  • the goal is to remove all signal parts from the microphone signal that are related to the primary noise signal so that the listener has the perception that the primary noise signal NRS is not present while all other sounds are left virtually unmodified.
  • it can be chosen to attenuate the parts of the acoustic sound that relate to the primary noise source merely by a specified amount.
  • the most generic block diagram for such processing is shown in Fig. 5 .
  • a first filter W1 receives the noise reference signal NRS.
  • the output of filter W1 is subtracted from the microphone signal MICS, and the resulting signal SOS passes through a second filter W2 that outputs the loudspeaker signal LSS.
  • the two filters W1 and W2 have different functionalities: the first filter W1 operates as a predictor of the noise-related components of the microphone signal, which is adapted in order to identify the electro-acoustic system that is passed by the primary noise signal. If the overall transfer function of the electro-acoustic system is denoted by H ( z ), then the goal of the filter adaptation is to minimise the system distance between W1( z ) and H ( z ), wherein H ( z ) denotes the electro-acoustic path from the noise source to the digital micophone signal.
  • the second filter W2 performs a frequency-selective filtering of the subtraction output signal SOS.
  • this filter attenuates frequency ranges in which the ratio between noise-related sound components and other sound components is high, while leaving other frequency ranges more or less unmodified. That is, W2 performs suppression of the noise-related signal components in case W1( z ) ⁇ H ( z ).
  • a byproduct of the suppression is that non-noise-related sound components that coexist in the same frequency ranges as the noise-related components are suppressed as well. Therefore, in practice, a trade-off between desired suppression of the noise-related sound and undesired distortion of the non-noise-related sounds has to be found.
  • the two filters W1 and W2 are working synergetic: if perfect cancellation by W1 is not possible, the residual noise-related sound components will be tackled by the subsequent frequency-selective suppression within W2. The best performance can be expected if the adaptation of the two filters is performed jointly, see e.g. the Enzner article cited above.
  • the advantage of both embodiments of the invention is that individual protection of a listener from a specific acoustic noise sound is provided while leaving other sounds unaffected. This is not possible with state-of-the-art personal hearing protection devices.
  • the invention Compared to ANC systems that are not headphone-based, e.g. beam-forming solutions, the invention has the advantage that less effort (in terms of loudspeaker equipment) has to be spent. Additionally, when using the invention it is guaranteed that the quality of the P/A signal as heard by the targeted customers is not impaired by any of the typical artefacts that occur with global (loudspeaker centric) solutions.
  • the principle of the second-embodiment processing is in particular versatile and robust.
  • the noise reference signal can be mixed with an independent, desired signal (e.g. music) to be played back via the loudspeaker HL.
  • an independent, desired signal e.g. music
  • a user-specified target attenuation of the noise-related sounds can be implemented, e.g. an attenuation by 20 dB.
  • the 'loudspeaker signal' can be any sound source signal or a recorded source signal, for example a musical instrument or a song.
  • the 'undesired signal' mentioned above can also be only an additive part of the loudspeaker or noise source signal.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Audiology, Speech & Language Pathology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
  • Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)
EP08163841A 2008-09-08 2008-09-08 Procédé d'atténuation ou suppression d'un signal de bruit pour un auditeur portant un type spécifique de casque ou d'oreillette, casque ou oreillette correspondants et système de haut-parleur correspondant Withdrawn EP2161717A1 (fr)

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EP08163841A EP2161717A1 (fr) 2008-09-08 2008-09-08 Procédé d'atténuation ou suppression d'un signal de bruit pour un auditeur portant un type spécifique de casque ou d'oreillette, casque ou oreillette correspondants et système de haut-parleur correspondant

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EP08163841A EP2161717A1 (fr) 2008-09-08 2008-09-08 Procédé d'atténuation ou suppression d'un signal de bruit pour un auditeur portant un type spécifique de casque ou d'oreillette, casque ou oreillette correspondants et système de haut-parleur correspondant

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Cited By (4)

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EP2779685A4 (fr) * 2011-11-09 2016-01-20 Sony Corp Dispositif formant casque d'écoute, dispositif formant terminal, procédé de transmission de données, programme et système de casque d'écoute
JP2017098993A (ja) * 2017-01-10 2017-06-01 ソニー株式会社 端末装置、情報送信方法、プログラム、ヘッドホンシステム
WO2018033133A1 (fr) * 2016-08-18 2018-02-22 万魔声学科技有限公司 Écouteur suppresseur de bruit actif
CN108235818A (zh) * 2018-01-05 2018-06-29 万魔声学科技有限公司 主动降噪方法、设备及耳机

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EP3687189A3 (fr) * 2011-11-09 2020-10-28 Sony Corporation Dispositif de casque d'écoute, dispositif terminal, procédé de transmission d'informations, programme et système de casque d'écoute
WO2018033133A1 (fr) * 2016-08-18 2018-02-22 万魔声学科技有限公司 Écouteur suppresseur de bruit actif
JP2017098993A (ja) * 2017-01-10 2017-06-01 ソニー株式会社 端末装置、情報送信方法、プログラム、ヘッドホンシステム
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