EP2160564A1

EP2160564A1 - Harpoon

Info

Publication number: EP2160564A1
Application number: EP08784521A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Fernando Brasolin
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2007-06-19
Filing date: 2008-06-18
Publication date: 2010-03-10
Anticipated expiration: 2028-06-18
Also published as: HRP20110231T1; ITBZ20070025A1; EP2160564B1; ATE494522T1; SI2160564T1; WO2008155103A8; WO2008155103A1; ES2359122T3; DE502008002225D1

Abstract

The invention relates to a harpoon comprising a container (2) that contains a pressurised liquid, a runner (3 ) that is arranged in the flow-connection with the container (2), a piston (4) that is slidingly arranged in the runner (3) and the harpoon is subjected to the piston effect of the fluid in the direction downstream from the mouth (1), and a rod (5) that comprises a tip (6) on the end thereof and the other end can be inserted when the harpoon is loaded into the mouth (1). When the harpoon is released, the piston (4) slides from an initial position in which it is maintained by blocking means (7), into an end position that is close to the mouth (1) that suddenly releases the piston (4) due to the pressure of the liquid that expands on account of the shot and which releases the blocking means (7 ). Inversely, the piston (4) slides, when loaded and as a result of the sliding action exerted from the outside by a user through the rod (5), from the end position that is close to the mouth (1) into an initial position. According to the invention, the harpoon also comprises a clamping device (8), that operates in one direction, for the rod (5) that, when the harpoon is loaded, allows the rod (5) to move into the mouth (1) but does not allow the reverse movement from the mouth (1).

Description

HARPUNE DESCRIPTION

The invention relates to a harpoon according to the preamble of claim 1. Such known speargun usually use as pressurized fluid, the compressed air, which is compressed in the factory to a maximum value of 20 to 30 bar working pressure ir. Dependence of the desired firing range of the harpoon , Ma notes that any shot delivered does not cause a pressure drop in the container as the piston slides sealingly in the barrel of the harpoon so that each time the piston is returned to its original position, it is held back by the blocking means has the entire pressure available for the shot. In this loading operation, the rod is inserted into the mouth of the harpoon, with the end not having the tip, and then, after placing the end of the rod on the piston, the rod is pushed vigorously with one hand in the direction of pushed towards the inside of the harpoon while holding the harpoon with the other hand. In this case, the resting on the piston end of the rod will push the piston along the longitudinal axis of the barrel and let it slide in the barrel and remove it from the mouth. As a result of the removal of the piston from the mouth, the volume is available which is available to the pressurized fluid, which is gradually compressed more and more and will react with a counterforce which is always greater in relation to the penetration depth of the rod or of the piston will become. This counterforce becomes its greatest value in the vicinity of reaching the piston of its initial position. The disadvantage common to these types of harpoons is the physical effort that the user has to endure to load the harpoon after each shot, since, in order for the blocking means of the piston to act, it must overcome a force that is in effect is near the blocking means as large as the largest force exerted by the fluid under pressure. Moreover, this force must be overcome with only a single push action, since it is not possible, as long as the piston has not been blocked by the blocking means, to let go of the handle on the rod to rest, otherwise the rod, under the drive of the piston and creating a danger from the muzzle is thrown out. Of course you also have to be careful not to lose the grip on the pole before the piston is blocked by the blocking means, because the pole is thrown out of the mouth again, forming a danger. These difficulties in loading greatly limit the shooting range of the rod, because pressure values of the fluid larger than said 20-30 bars, which would allow for greater shooting range, can not be provided because of the effort of the user to overcome the corresponding counterforce during loading would be great.

Consider then that loading the harpoon is usually done in water, in uncomfortable conditions, and that repeated loading gradually fatigues the user of the harpoon, already weakened by diving. For long poles, which must be inserted in harpoons that have a correspondingly long barrel, it is also necessary to take the pole at the top. You have to be sure that you have a sufficient opportunity to move To push the rod, and with it the piston, so deeply that the blocking means act before the hand touches the mouth, preventing further penetration. The seizure of the rod above but brings two different disadvantages. The first drawback is that catching the pole above is not easy and is not always allowed by the conditions in which you are in the water during the underwater hunt. The second drawback is that if you take a long pole too much up, it tends to sag and does not slip through the mouth.

The object of the present invention is therefore to develop a harpoon of the above-mentioned type by proposing a speargun which, with the same performance as those of prior art harpoons, requires less effort on the part of the user to load. This object is achieved by a harpoon having the features specified in the characterizing part of claim 1. The harpoon according to the invention makes it possible to divide the hitherto necessary sole sliding action on the rod into a plurality of sliding actions thanks to the provision of the intended clamping device, which is effective only in a single direction. More specifically, it is now possible to provide for loading by first performing a first or several first push actions, which serve as approaches of the piston to its home position, and then terminate loading by a single short last final push action. The user can release the rod between the one push action and the other push action, since the rod is released from the shaft is held only in a single-acting device. This allows it to rest and counteract without weakening the last final sliding action, in which one must overcome the greatest counterforce exerted by the pressurized fluid in the container. The duration of the final final push action will be particularly short as the stroke of the piston will be short. It is therefore now possible to load the harpoon with less physical effort and less effort than previously required. In addition, if one does not wish to benefit from this lesser physical effort to load the harpoon of the present invention, one can even use harpoons which have a wider shooting range for which it is necessary to increase the pressure of the fluid in the container. The loading of these more powerful harpoons brings, thanks to the acting only in the single direction inventively provided jig, an effort that is comparable to that which is currently necessary to load the known harpoons. It must be remembered that when assessing the fatigue associated with physical exertion, it is not only the strength of the effort, the value of the applied force, but also the duration of the effort, ie the period of time in which the force is applied, that is important. In the present case, combating, for a very short period of time, the force of a fluid compressed to, for example, 40 bar, as in the final final step of loading a more powerful harpoon according to the invention, may involve the same or a lesser effort that which is necessary to maintain the force of, for example, a smaller pressure, for example 30 bar, compressed fluid for a longer period of time and in a single act, ie throughout the duration of loading, as was the case with the known harpoons.

If one wishes to obtain the time required to load a known harpoon, the invention allows the use of harpoons having a longer shooting range of the rod.

Finally, with such long poles, it will no longer be necessary to grab the pole above. Namely, the entire sliding action can be divided into several shorter sliding actions, which are achieved by taking multiple short sections of the rod, so that the respective gripping does not bring about the bending of the rod. The claimed in claim 2 feature claims an embodiment of acting only in a single direction according to the invention provided clamping device, which is particularly reliable. The envisaged pair of clamping elements enables that selective clamping acting only in a single direction, which is the basis of the inventive idea of the present invention.

When loading the clamping elements prevent one hand, by bringing themselves into their operative position, a movement of the rod out of the mouth, so during the breaks between the multiple sliding actions in which the entire sliding action is divided. On the other hand, as soon as the movement of the rod towards the interior of the harpoon is resumed, they do not prevent the resumption of the pushing action after a pause because the rod is released immediately. The feature claimed in claim 3 claims Embodiment of the pair of clamping elements claimed in claim 2.

The feature claimed in claim 4 claims a possible shape of the curved surface having elements claimed in claim 3.

If the chucking device according to the invention, which acts only in a single direction, has the feature claimed in claim 5, a so-called self-clamping effect can be achieved, meaning that the pair of chucking elements always tends to automatically move to its operative position. This happens even if the pole is not present. The spring force of the tension springs, which must be overcome in addition to the opposing force to bring the further insertion of the rod, the clamping elements in an inoperative position is irrelevant.

The feature claimed in claim 6 makes it possible to improve the function of the unidirectional jig provided by the present invention by placing it in loading in the best operating conditions to receive the rod. The provided with this claim stop means, namely prevent that in the absence of the rod, the elements having a curved surface can move under the action of the spring force of the tension springs beyond their effective position. The feature claimed in claim 7 makes it possible to increase the number of points of contact between the surface of the curved surface elements and the rod. The diameter of the rod is in fact, thanks to the annular groove, in at least two places and not only in one place, as in the absence of the annular groove Case would be.

The feature claimed in claim 8 facilitates the insertion of the rod between the elements having a curved surface when an annular groove is provided. Otherwise, the maximum span of the path of the curved surface elements to move from the operative position to the inoperative position and vice versa would be very large and to be able to do so would require a very large amount of rotation. The feature of claim 9 makes it possible by dividing the acting only in a single direction inventively provided clamping device in two different parts that are simply coupled to one another, at the end of loading the bulkier part of acting only in a single direction clamping device, so There are no obstacles or difficulties in firing and simultaneously throwing out the pole.

The feature claimed in claim 10 claims an embodiment of the feature claimed in claim 9.

The feature claimed in claim 11 makes it possible to achieve a development of the coupling between the two parts of acting only in a single direction inventively provided clamping device, thereby coupling is self-acting.

The feature claimed in claim 12 claims an embodiment of a component claimed in claim 11. Further advantages and features will become more apparent from the following description of embodiments of the Harpoon according to the invention emerge, which are explained purely by way of example and not in a restrictive manner due to the accompanying drawings. 1 is a perspective view of the upper part of a prior art harpoon;

FicMir? Hif VnrHpransir-ht only one jor> oinor single direction provided inventively provided jig alone, which is to be attached, for example, to the harpoon of Figure 1,

FIG. 3 shows the rear view of the clamping device of FIG. 2 acting only in a single direction;

Figure 4 is a partially sectional front view of a harpoon according to the invention made, for example, by attaching to the harpoon of Figure 1 the unidirectional jig of Figures 2 and 3 with the harpoon in an inoperative position the clamping device and in the matching with the initial position of the loading end position of the piston is shown,

Figure 5 is a partially sectional front view of the harpoon of Figure 4, wherein the harpoon is shown in an operative position of the clamping device and in an intermediate position of the store matching intermediate position of the piston,

FIG. 6 is a front elevational view, partly in section, of the harpoon of FIG. 4, showing the harpoon in an operative position of the jig and in the initial position of the piston coinciding with the end position of the load; 7 shows a partial sectional front view of the harpoon according to the invention, wherein the harpoon is shown in the ready position for shooting, Figures 8, 8a, 8b and 8c in longitudinal section the coupling means of the two frames of only acting in a single direction jig of the figures 2 and 3, FIG. 9 is a front elevational view, in partial section, of a harpoon according to the invention made, for example, by applying to the harpoon of FIG. 1 the unidirectional jig of FIGS. 2 and 3, the harpoons is shown in an inoperative position of the clamping device and in the matching with the initial position of the store end position of the piston and in the presence of a preferred embodiment of the elements having a curved surface,

Figure 10 is a partially sectional front view of a harpoon according to the invention made, for example, by applying to the harpoon of Figure 1 the unidirectional jig of Figures 2 and 3 with the harpoon in an inoperative position the clamping device and in the matching with the initial position of the loading end position of the piston and in the presence of a further preferred embodiment of the elements having a curved surface, Figures 11,1Ia-IId embodiments of a curved surface having elements according to their in the figure 9 illustrated embodiment, the figures 12,12a-12d embodiments of a bend Surface having elements according to their embodiment shown in the figure 10.

As has been indicated, Figure 1 shows schematically a harpoon of a known type. It has at its one end to the mouth of the harpoon forming opening 1. The harpoon comprises a container 2 and a tubular body 3. The container 2 contains a pressurized fluid, usually compressed air, while the tubular body 3 forms the barrel of the harpoon and is at least partially disposed in the container 2 so as to be in fluid communication with this is. As a result, the fluid under pressure can flow from the container 2 into the barrel 3. The barrel 3 leads to the mouth 1. The mouth 1 is usually arranged on an end piece Ia, which can be fastened to the other components of the harpoon, for example screwed.

In the figures, one then recognizes a piston 4 which is slidably disposed in the barrel 3 along the longitudinal axis of the barrel 3. The piston 4 is subjected to a pressure action in the direction of the mouth 1, which is exerted by the pressurized fluid flowing from the container 2 into the barrel 3. By being disposed between the pressurized fluid and the orifice 1, the piston 4 within the barrel 3 defines a type of expansion chamber of the pressurized fluid, the chamber consisting of the barrel section 3 located below the piston 4.

Thus, due to the movements of the piston 4, the volume of this expansion chamber changes and there is an increase or a decrease in the pressure of the fluid in the container 2, depending on whether the movement of the piston 4 away from the mouth 1 or in the direction this happens, so if that is Volume of this expansion chamber reduced or enlarged. Note that the pressurized fluid is already introduced to the factory in the manufacture of the harpoon in the container 2 and that the piston 4 is sealingly arranged in the barrel 3, so that the pressurized fluid can not escape from the harpoon , but only more or less compacted. The value of the highest working pressure which is currently in use for the harpoon of the known type is between 20 and 30 bar. In any event, there is a safety and service valve (not shown in the figures) in the container 2 to allow for the safety and maintenance work involved, for example, to empty the container 2 or the pressure of the fluid in the container 2 to change. Finally, 5 denotes a rod which is provided at its one end with a tip 6 and with its other end in the loading of the harpoon in the mouth 21 hineinsteckbar, as will be explained later. As already mentioned, the piston 4 is slidably disposed in the barrel 3. More specifically, when shooting the harpoon, the piston 4 slides from a starting position, which can be seen in Figures 6 and 7 and in which he 4 is held by blocking means 7, in a near the mouth 1 located end position, in particular Figure 4 can be seen. The configuration of the blocking means 7 belongs to the prior art.

The piston 4 reaches, due to the pressure effect which transmits the fluid under pressure and as soon as the blocking means 7 release the piston abruptly the end position. As is known from the prior art, this release is done by pressing the pusher of the harpoon (not shown in the figures). The design of the pusher belongs to the prior art and does not belong to the teaching of the present invention. The movement of the piston 4 when loading is the reverse movement of the one he performs when shooting. As a result, its end position coincides with the starting position of the store and its starting position with the end position of the store. During loading, therefore, the piston slides from its end position to its starting position. The piston 4 is brought into its starting position due to the sliding action exerted on it from the outside by the user and via the rod 5. This happens because the user, after he has inserted the rod 5 with its end without tip 6 in the mouth 1, the rod presses against the piston 4 and removes him more and more of the mouth 1. In the figure 5, an intermediate position can be seen, which occupies the piston 4 during loading. As a result of this action being continued, the piston 4 will reach its initial position, in which the blocking means 7 become active which hold the piston 4. In this position, there is virtually no expansion chamber and the pressurized fluid is therefore exposed to its greatest compression and will exert on the piston 4 its greatest force, this force is absorbed by the blocking means 7 of the harpoon. The harpoon is now ready for firing and throwing the rod 5 out of the mouth 1, as shown in FIG.

According to the present invention, in addition to what has been explained so far, the harpoon comprises a single-directional clamping device 8 for the rod 5 Device was shown alone, before its attachment to the harpoon, in Figures 2 and 3.

When loading the harpoon acting only in a single direction provided according to the invention provided clamping device 8 of the rod 5 a penetrating into the mouth 1 movement, but it allows her no counter-rotating movement out of the mouth 1 out.

As can be seen particularly clearly from FIGS. 2 and 3, the clamping device 8, which acts only in a single direction, comprises a pair of clamping elements 9, which are arranged laterally but not in contact with one another. These clamping elements 9 are from an operative position in which they clamp the rod 5 between them, in a plurality of inoperative positions in which they 3 do not touch the rod 5, and vice versa, displaceable.

The clamping of the rod 5 in the operative position of the clamping elements 9 takes place in that in this position, their mutual distance is a value h2, which is shown for example in Figure 5 and which is smaller than the value hl, for example in the figure 4 and which corresponds to this mutual removal in any inoperative position of the device. To accomplish this, the chucking elements 9 may conveniently comprise a pair of curved surface elements 9 rotatably supported about respective axes of rotation A and from said operative position into said plurality of inoperative positions and vice versa. In the transition from one position to the other, they have a curved surface Elements 9 always at the same time, each around its own axis of rotation A around, but each opposite to the other. In order to produce such a curved surface having elements 9, circular discs may be provided, each having an axis of rotation A, which is not arranged in alignment with its own geometric center, as shown in Figures 4.5 and 6, in which a and b respectively the largest and the smallest radius have been given, which are arranged on the same diameter. Alternatively, it is also conceivable that the elements 9 are discs with elliptical shape or another shape with variable radius.

In addition, the surface of the curved surface having elements 9 may be appropriately knurled to increase the friction between the surface of the elements 9 and the rod 5. Alternatively or additionally, it is also conceivable that an application of a friction material is applied to the surface of the elements 9. Note, finally, that movement of the rod 5 out of the mouth 1 forces the clamp members 9 to assume their operative position, while an intrusive motion of the rod 5 into the mouth 1 forces the clamp members 9 to assume an inoperative position. With 10 springs were specified. The spring force of these tension springs 10 tends to turn the curved surface having elements 9 in its operative position. The presence of these tension springs 10 makes it possible to have an automatic self-clamping effect of the clamping device 8 acting only in a single direction. The clamping direction 8, which acts only in a single direction, also comprises stop means 11, which can be seen, for example, in FIGS. 3 and 8. In this way, the curved surface elements 9 are prevented from rotating from an inoperative position to the operative position beyond the operative position.

In the figures were angegeber with 12 gears., Which are each assigned to a curved surface having an element 9. They serve to synchronize the rotations of the two elements 9 with each other and each of them rotates together with the associated element 9, since they mesh with each other 12 at any rotation of the elements 9. In Figures 11, 11a and 12, 12a-12d, two different preferred embodiments of the curved surface elements 9 have been illustrated. Both embodiments provide for the presence of an annular groove 9a having a different shape according to the different illustrated embodiments. In addition, in the case of the second embodiment shown in Figs. 12, 12a-12d, the removal of a small piece of material from the edge of the annular groove 9a is provided. The presence of the annular groove 9a makes it possible to increase the number of points of contact between the rod 5 and the curved surface having elements 9, while the removal of material, by facilitating the insertion of the rod 5 between the elements 9, the maintenance of the Elements 9 and reducing the size of the associated necessary rotations to move from the inoperative position to the operative position allows. The only acting in a single direction clamping 8 has two parts, namely a first frame 8a, which is fixed part of the harpoon and is located on the harpoon near the mouth 1, and a second frame 2b, on which the curved surface having elements 9, the tension springs 10 and the gears 12 are mounted.

Conveniently, the first frame 8a can be mounted on the harpoon by the end piece 1a, as the ir. Figures was presented. On the other hand, the second frame 8b is detachably attached to the first frame 8a by coupling means 13. This makes it possible at the end of loading, when the harpoon is loaded and ready to fire, to remove the second frame 8b and the parts stored thereon, as shown in FIG. In order to rotate the curved surface elements 9 from their operative position to one of their inoperative positions, they must rotate against the spring force of the tension springs. For this purpose, the user will act by hand on the opening elements 14 connected to the curved surface elements 9 and bring them into the position shown in FIG. This entails a corresponding rotation of the curved surface having elements 9, so that the mutual removal of the elements 9 is a value hl, which is greater than h2. The value hl will of course be greater than the diameter of the rod 5. As soon as the external action of the user on the opening levers 14 ceases, the unidirectional clamping device 8 resumes, under the action of the tension springs 10, its configuration as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, in which the elements 9 having a curved surface are in their effective position. The coupling means 13 consist of first perforated rods 13a of the first frame 8a, of second perforated rods 13b of the second frame 8b and of pins 13c, which can be seen in particular in FIGS. 8, 8a-8c.

The first perforated rods 13a and the second perforated rods 13b are respectively the one 13a inserted into the other 13b, while the pins 13c in the mutual holes of the first 13a and the second holes. Rods 13b penetrate when these holes are brought into mutual alignment. FIGS. 8 and 8a-8d show the various steps of the coupling method of the two frames 8a and 8b. The pins 13c are subjected to a spring force which holds them in the holes of the second perforated rods 13b. Both the first perforated rods 13a and the pins 13c have surfaces at the ends which are mutually inclined, so that when the first holes 13a are mutually slid in the second holes 13b, the pins 13c are formed on the outer surface of the first holes 13a slide. Thus, they 13c abruptly penetrate into the holes of the first perforated rods 13a as soon as the holes are in mutual alignment with each other. Each pin 13c consists of the end of a spring, for example a wire spring, which is attached at its other end to the second frame 2b. In order to decouple the second frame 8b from the first frame 8a at the end of loading, the user has to manually remove the pins 13c from the holes and place them again outside and laterally of the perforated rods 13b, thus pulling out the perforated rods 13a the perforated bars 13b are allowed. Thereafter, he will act on the opening levers 14 and they in the position shown in Figure 4 bring. In this way, the rod 5 is released, as the curved surface having elements 9 are rotated to an inoperative position. Thereafter, the user will pull the second frame 8b and thereby pull out the first perforated bars 13a from the second perforated bars 13b. In this way, the harpoon according to the invention will assume its shape shown in Figure 7 and will be ready to shoot. Conversely, after the shot to re-attach the second frame 8b and to perform the loading, the user will take the second frame 8b and, having checked that the pins 13c are in position in the holes of the perforated rods 13b , He will act by hand on the opening levers 14 which are connected to the curved surface having elements 9 and bring them into the position shown in Figure 4. Thereafter, he will approach the second frame 8b to the rod 5 and insert it between the curved surface having elements 9 and he will slide the second frame 8b along the rod 5 in the direction of the mouth 1 out until the second frame 8b itself will couple by the coupling means 13 to the first frame 8a. Now he will release the opening levers 14. Due to the spring force of the tension springs 10, the clamping elements 9 are rotated to their operative position. The harpoon is ready to be loaded.

To load the user can divide the necessary physical effort, since the acting only in a single direction jig 8 it allows the insertion of the rod 5 in the inventive harpoon in any intermediate position of the piston 4 shown in the figure 5 interrupt. The rod 5, and with it the piston 4 against which it is pressed, is held firmly in position in each intermediate position by the unidirectional clamping device 8 which receives the pressure exerted by the pressurized fluid.

This situation remains until the user does not resume loading by re-engaging rod 5 to continue pushing it. Upon further penetrating movement of the rod 5, the curved surface having elements 9 will open and bring into an inoperative position, thereby allowing the further penetration of the rod 5, and they will be ready to automatically their effective position in which they to prevent the rod 5 from moving out again as soon as the penetrating movement of the rod 5 is interrupted. The procedure is as described until the piston 4 has reached its initial position shown in FIG. 6, in which it has been blocked by the blocking means 7. Now you need the only acting in a single direction jig 8 no longer and it can be removed in the manner described above. The harpoon is now designed according to FIG. 7 and is ready for firing.

If the curved surface having elements 9 should have the annular groove 9a and the removal of material from an edge of the annular groove 9a, one will use the rod 5 between the elements 9 just in the region of this ablation, as shown in Figure 10 was, since in the region of this ablation the insertion is facilitated and the value hl of the mutual distance between the two elements 9 can thus have a size which is comparable to that of the diameter of the rod 5.

Claims

A harpoon having at one end an opening (1) forming the mouth of the harpoon, comprising: a container (2) containing a fluid under pressure, a tubular body (3) forming the barrel of the harpoon, at least is disposed partially in the container (2) and is in flow communication therewith, a piston (4) which is slidably disposed along the longitudinal axis of the barrel (3) in the barrel (3) and a pressure action in the direction of the mouth ( 1), which is exerted by the pressurized fluid flowing from the container (2) into the barrel (3), a rod (5) provided at its one end with a tip (6) and with when loading the harpoon into the mouth (1), the piston (4), when shooting, from a starting position, in which it is held by blocking means (7), into a position close to the mouth (1 ) located end position slides, the Kolb (4), due to the pressure exerted by the pressurized and expanding fluid, reaches abruptly as soon as, due to the firing, the blocking means (7) release the piston, and vice versa, during loading, from close to the orifice ( 1) located end position, which has been reached due to the pressure effect of the pressurized and expanding fluid, slides into the starting position, in which he is brought as a result of him on the outside of the user by the rod (5) applied sliding action, characterized characterized in that it also has a single-directional clamping device (8) for the rod (5) that (8), when loading the harpoon, allows the rod (5) to penetrate into the mouth (1), but does not allow it to move in the opposite direction from the mouth (1).

2. Harpoon according to claim 1, characterized in that the clamping direction acting only in a single direction (8) comprises a pair of clamping elements (9). which are arranged laterally but not in contact with each other and from an operative position in which they (9) clamp the rod (5) between them into a plurality of inoperative positions in which (9) the rod (5 ) and vice versa, are displaceable.

A harpoon as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the pair of clamping elements (9) consists of a pair of curved surface elements (9) rotatable about respective axes of rotation (A) and from said operative position into said plurality from inoperative positions and vice versa, wherein in the transition from one position to the other, the curved surface elements (9) always rotate simultaneously, each around its own axis of rotation (A) but each opposite to the other.

4. Harpoon according to claim 3, characterized in that the curved surface having elements (9) are circular discs, each of which has an axis of rotation (A), which is not arranged in alignment with its own geometric center.

5. harpoon according to one of claims 3 to 4, characterized in that the acting only in a single direction clamping direction (8) further comprises tension springs (10) whose spring force tends to have a curved surface having elements (9) in their effective To turn position.

6. Harpoon according to one of the claims before. 3 to 5, characterized in that the acting in a single direction clamping direction (8) further comprises stop means (11) which, upon rotation of the curved surface having a member (9) from an inoperative position to the operative position, the further rotation thereof (9) beyond the effective position.

A harpoon according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the elements (9) having a curved surface have an annular groove (9a).

8. Harpoon according to claim 7, characterized in that from one edge of the annular groove (9 a) a small piece

Material is removed from it.

A harpoon according to any one of claims 3 to 8, characterized in that the clamping direction (8) acting only in a single direction comprises a first frame (8a) disposed on the harpoon near the mouth (1), and a second frame (8b) on which the curved surface having elements (9), the tension springs (10) and the gears (12) are mounted, wherein the second frame (2b) releasably on the first frame (2a) by coupling means (13) is fastened.

Harpoon according to claim 9, characterized in that the coupling means (13) consist of first perforated rods (13a) of the first frame (8a) and of second perforated rods (13b) of the second frame (8b), each one of the ( 13a) are insertable into the other (13b) and consist of pins (13c) which penetrate into the mutual holes of the first (13a) and second perforated rods (13b) when these holes are brought into mutual alignment.

A harpoon according to claim 10, characterized in that the pins (13c) are subjected to a spring force holding them in the holes of the second perforated rods (13b), and that both the first holes (13a) and the pins (13c) have at the ends surfaces which are mutually inclined, so that when the first holes (13a) in the second holes (13b) are slid against each other, the pins (13c) on the outer surface of the first holes (13a) slide and as soon as the holes are in mutual alignment abruptly penetrate into the holes of the first hole-punched rods (13a).

12. A harpoon according to claim 11, characterized in that each pin (13c) consists of one end of a spring which is fixed at its other end to the second frame (2b).