EP2151639A1 - Caloporteur - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP2151639A1
EP2151639A1 EP08290762A EP08290762A EP2151639A1 EP 2151639 A1 EP2151639 A1 EP 2151639A1 EP 08290762 A EP08290762 A EP 08290762A EP 08290762 A EP08290762 A EP 08290762A EP 2151639 A1 EP2151639 A1 EP 2151639A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
heating
profile
contact plate
heat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP08290762A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2151639B1 (fr
Inventor
Michael Dipl.-Ing. Kohl
Thomas Dipl.-Ing. Strauss
Karl Dipl.-Ing. Lochmahr
Nicolas Robin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mahle Behr GmbH and Co KG
Mahle Behr France Rouffach SAS
Original Assignee
Behr GmbH and Co KG
Behr France Rouffach SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Behr GmbH and Co KG, Behr France Rouffach SAS filed Critical Behr GmbH and Co KG
Priority to EP08290762.7A priority Critical patent/EP2151639B1/fr
Publication of EP2151639A1 publication Critical patent/EP2151639A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2151639B1 publication Critical patent/EP2151639B1/fr
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429—For vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429—For vehicles
    • F24H3/0435—Structures comprising heat spreading elements in the form of fins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429—For vehicles
    • F24H3/0452—Frame constructions
    • F24H3/0476—Means for putting the electric heaters in the frame under strain, e.g. with springs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
    • F24H9/1854—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for air heaters
    • F24H9/1863—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
    • F24H9/1872—PTC

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Consumption-optimized vehicles generate less and less waste heat, which is available for warming up the interior. Especially in the starting phase and at low outside temperatures it is necessary to heat up.
  • the auxiliary heating can be effected, for example, via fuel heaters, electric heaters, exhaust gas heat exchangers, etc.
  • the electric heater has proved to be particularly useful because they cost, spontaneously noticeable - that is, the electrical power is immediately converted into heat - and saves space.
  • electric heaters can also be easily integrated or installed in an air conditioning unit and air ducts.
  • the importance of the electric heater is even greater.
  • electrical power of> 3 kW is needed, as a conventional radiator only conditionally or no longer exists.
  • the vehicle electrical system voltage is> 50 V, sometimes even> 300 V. Due to the high required heating power at the heater is also operated with the high voltage in order to keep the current as low as possible.
  • auxiliary heaters Essentially two types of electric auxiliary heaters are known in the prior art. In a first type of electric heater, the electrical power is conducted directly into the coolant. These are the so-called coolant-side heaters. In the second type of electric heater, the electric power is discharged to the air. These are the so-called air-side heaters.
  • the conversion of electrical energy from the electrical system of the vehicle into heat usually takes place in a PTC stone ( Positive Temperature Coefficient ).
  • This ceramic thermistor is a very strong temperature-dependent semiconductor resistor. This means that with increasing temperature the resistance of the ceramic element increases very much. This raises regardless of the boundary conditions - such. B. applied voltage, nominal resistance, air flow above the PTC stone - a very uniform surface temperature on the stone. This prevents overheating, as z. B. could occur with a normal heat-emitting heating wire, since regardless of the boundary conditions always introduced the same resistance and thereby electrical heating becomes. That is, with increasing temperature, the electrical resistance increases proportionally strong.
  • a heat exchanger for a motor vehicle comprises a plurality of parallel tubes and an electric heater, which is arranged in each case between two adjacent tubes.
  • the heat exchanger comprises a plurality of rib elements, which are each arranged between pairs of adjacent tubes and between each heater and the adjacent thereto tubes.
  • Each heating device is in each case equipped with two heating strands which each have at least one PTC element which can be controlled separately and deliver their heat directly or indirectly to the rib elements on two opposite sides of the heating device.
  • the housing of the heating device and arranged therein pressure plates are connected to a power supply.
  • prior art conventional 13V type electrical heaters of the above type are typically designed to be non-contact protected, i.e., non-contact. H. Parts of the auxiliary heater are not potential-free or are at the positive potential. Often the corrugated fins in the heating network of the auxiliary heater are also alternately at a negative and positive potential.
  • the object of the present invention to provide a heat exchanger for motor vehicles for high heat outputs, the construction provides a shock protection.
  • a heat exchanger in particular an electric heater for a motor vehicle, is provided with at least one heating register, which comprises at least one heating element accommodated in a profile, the profile being connected to a heat radiating surface of a heating network of the heat exchanger.
  • the profile is galvanically connected to each element of the heat radiating surface.
  • the heat radiating surface is galvanically connected to a ground potential.
  • each electrically conductive component which can be touched from the outside is either grounded or at the potential of the motor vehicle and becomes a safer one and reliable contact protection for the occupants of the vehicle or for motor vehicle mechanics, wherein an electric shock can be prevented by a contact of the heat exchanger from the outside.
  • an electrical potential d. h
  • the positive potential is inside the heating register.
  • the heat exchanger is potential-free. This also makes it possible to provide effective and reliable protection against contact, by which an electric shock that could be caused by contact of the heat exchanger is prevented.
  • the heat-radiating surface has at least one rib element. It is particularly preferred if the heat-radiating surface has a multiplicity of rib elements.
  • the heating element is connected to a first contact sheet, which is at a positive potential.
  • the at least one rib element is connected to a second contact sheet which is at the negative potential, in particular at the ground potential.
  • the ground potential is the potential of a motor vehicle.
  • the second contact plate is arranged between two rib elements.
  • the profile is arranged between two rib elements.
  • the heating element is made of a PTC ceramic.
  • the heating element is held in a plastic frame in the profile.
  • the plastic frame may consist of one or more parts.
  • the profile is a closed or semi-open profile.
  • a semi-open profile is cheaper due to the material spam.
  • a closed profile offers even better protection - especially with regard to possible contamination.
  • the material of the profile and the material of the corrugated fins are each a good thermal and also good electrically conductive material.
  • the first contact plate is arranged substantially centrally in the heating register, wherein on each side of the first contact plate at least one heating element is arranged.
  • each heating coil has six heating elements, wherein in each case three heating elements are arranged on each side of the first contact element.
  • the entire system of the heat exchanger can be mechanically tensioned be and / or electrically conductively bonded or partially soldered.
  • an epoxy adhesive can be used for electrically conductive bonding.
  • the components of the heat exchanger in particular the at least one heating coil, the at least one profile, the at least one second contact element and the at least one rib member glued or soldered.
  • the components of the heat exchanger in the plastic frame are mechanically tensioned.
  • a spring is arranged in the heating register, which maintains the clamping pressure during operation upright.
  • the heat exchanger is isolated from the environment.
  • FIG. 1A shows the prizipiellen structure of a heat exchanger 1 in the form of an electric heater for a motor vehicle in parts in a perspective view
  • Fig. 1B shows a perspective view of the heat exchanger 1 of Fig. 1A in assembled condition.
  • the heat exchanger 1 according to the embodiment shown here comprises a heating network 2, which has a plurality of rib elements 3 in the form of corrugated fins, which provide a heat-transmitting surface. Between each two rib elements 3, on the one hand, a profile 4 is arranged, in which a heating register 5 can be received, which has a first lying at a positive potential or to the positive pole of a battery or power supply (not shown) connectable contact plate 6 in the form of an electrode.
  • each two further rib elements 3 respective second contact plates 7 are arranged in the form of a further electrode, which are at the potential of the motor vehicle or to ground and serve the current dissipation.
  • the electric heater or the heat exchanger 1 When the electric heater or the heat exchanger 1 is in operation, the current flows from the inside the heating register 5 via heating elements 8 via the profiles 4 and the Rippenelmente 3 via the second contact plates 7, which are all electrically connected from. The voltage drop takes place via the heating elements 8.
  • each heating element 5 each six heating elements 8 are provided, which are each made of a PTC ceramic.
  • each heater 5 is introduced into a corresponding profile 4.
  • the contact pressure of the parts, ie the inner first contact plate 6 on the heating elements 8 and the profile 4 is done either by a spring arranged in the heating coil (see Fig. 7 ) or by gluing z. B. with an epoxy adhesive or by pure mechanical compression.
  • the width B of the heat exchanger 1 may be between 20 to 300 mm and the height H between 40 and 300 mm.
  • Fig. 2A shows a perspective view of another heating network 2 of a heat exchanger 1
  • Fig. 2B shows a side view of the heating network 2 of the heat exchanger 1 of Fig. 2A
  • the number of second contact sheets 7 in the heating network 2 which again essentially consists of a sequence of rib elements 3 and profiles 4 with heating registers 5 accommodated therein, is variable and depends on the power and the current density. Depending on the power and current density can be on some outer second contact plates 7, which are at ground or at the potential of the motor vehicle, are dispensed with. In order to further increase the power density (power / total volume), more heating coils 5, which are accommodated in the profiles 4, can be arranged in the heating network 2. In this embodiment, each recorded in a respective profile 4 heater 5 is applied to a rib member 3. Since the electrical potential is almost equal on the outside, a central outflow of current, which is provided via the outer second contact plate 7, is sufficient.
  • Fig. 3 shows a perspective view of a closed (upper profile in the figure) and a semi-open (lower profile in the figure) profile 4, in each of which a heating register 5 with a first contact plate 6 and heating elements 8 are added.
  • the contact protection is independent of whether a closed or semi-open profile 4 is provided and is ensured in both cases.
  • a closed profile 4 also provides additional protection against contamination.
  • Fig. 4 shows a sectional view of a heating register 5, which is arranged in a profile 4.
  • the first lying on the positive potential contact plate 6 is arranged centrally in the profile 4 and on each of its two opposite sides, each with one or more heating elements 8 - in the embodiment, three heating elements 8 are provided on each side - equipped.
  • the first contact plate 6 is also held in a plastic frame 9.
  • the plastic frame 9 positions the heating elements 8, which are arranged "floating", which means that the thickness of the heating elements 8 is greater than the thickness of the plastic frame 9.
  • the plastic frame 9 positions the first contact plate 6 in the middle, as mentioned above.
  • the plastic frame 9 consists in this embodiment of two elements 10A, 10B. However, it is also possible to construct the plastic frame 9 in one piece.
  • the dimensions of the elements of the heating register 5 are as follows.
  • the thickness of the first contact plate 6 may be between 0.2 to 2 mm; the thickness of the elements 10A, 10B of the plastic frame 9 can be between 0.3 to 4.9 mm; the thickness of the heating elements 8 can be 0.4 to 5 mm; the material thickness of the profile 4 can be between 0.2 to 3 mm; the profile width b of the profile 4 can be between 1.4 to 15 mm; and the overall depth T of the profile 4 can be between 5 to 50 mm.
  • Fig. 5 shows a sectional view of another heater 5 according to another embodiment.
  • the first contact plate 6 is not centrally located in the profile 4 but laterally offset to the center. Heating elements 8 are provided only on one of the two opposite sides of the first contact plate 6.
  • the first contact plate 6 is in this case closer to the profile 4 and therefore must be electrically insulated by a separation area for this purpose.
  • the plastic frame 9 is designed in one piece in this embodiment and at the same time forms the separation area.
  • the separation area can also be designed by an additional film, anodization or the like. Basically, however, that the thinner the separation region is, or the better thermally conductive this is, the better is the heat coupling via the profile 4 on the rib element. 3
  • Fig. 6 shows a sectional view of a heating register 5 according to another embodiment.
  • the second contact plate 7 is not arranged outside of the profile 4 in the heating network 2, but positioned directly within the profile 4, in which also the first contact plate 6 is located.
  • Both electrodes, ie, both the first contact plate 6 and the second contact plate 7 are held in a one-piece plastic frame 9, which also defines a separation area here.
  • the current thus flows only within the heating register 5 and not over the entire heating network 2 in this embodiment.
  • Fig. 7 shows a sectional view of yet another heating register 5.
  • a spring 11 is provided centrally, which maintains the clamping pressure during operation.
  • the spring 11 is z. B. made of plastic and acts electrically insulating.
  • the spring 11 presses the here on each side of the spring 11 arranged first contact plates 6 and the adjoining heating elements 8 outwardly against the wall of the profile 4, which thereby is also pressed outwards against a respective rib member (not shown).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
EP08290762.7A 2008-08-07 2008-08-07 Caloporteur Expired - Fee Related EP2151639B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08290762.7A EP2151639B1 (fr) 2008-08-07 2008-08-07 Caloporteur

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08290762.7A EP2151639B1 (fr) 2008-08-07 2008-08-07 Caloporteur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2151639A1 true EP2151639A1 (fr) 2010-02-10
EP2151639B1 EP2151639B1 (fr) 2019-01-09

Family

ID=40332892

Family Applications (1)

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EP08290762.7A Expired - Fee Related EP2151639B1 (fr) 2008-08-07 2008-08-07 Caloporteur

Country Status (1)

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EP (1) EP2151639B1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2395296A1 (fr) * 2010-06-11 2011-12-14 Behr GmbH & Co. KG Echangeur de chaleur
ITRM20120056A1 (it) * 2012-02-20 2013-08-21 Bitron Spa DISPOSITIVO DI RISCALDAMENTO, IN PARTICOLARE PER IL RISCALDAMENTO DELLÂeuro¿ABITACOLO DI UNÂeuro¿AUTOMOBILE, ELEMENTO RADIANTE E RELATIVO METODO DI MONTAGGIO DI DETTO DISPOSITIVO.

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0616486A1 (fr) * 1993-03-17 1994-09-21 Texas Instruments Incorporated Appareil de chauffage et procédé pour chauffer un courant de fluide
FR2826829A1 (fr) * 2001-06-27 2003-01-03 Valeo Climatisation Echangeur de chaleur a barreaux chauffants contenant des elements resistifs
EP1452357A1 (fr) * 2003-02-28 2004-09-01 Catem GmbH & Co.KG Appareil de chauffage électrique avec plusieurs zones de chauffage
WO2005049350A1 (fr) * 2003-11-18 2005-06-02 Woory Industrial Company, Ltd. Module a element ctp et prechauffeur pour vehicules equipe d'un tel module
EP1497594B1 (fr) 2002-04-12 2006-02-22 Behr GmbH & Co. KG Dispositif de transmission de chaleur utilise a des fins de chauffage et comprenant un systeme electrique chauffant

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007298241A (ja) * 2006-05-01 2007-11-15 Calsonic Kansei Corp 電気ヒータ装置

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0616486A1 (fr) * 1993-03-17 1994-09-21 Texas Instruments Incorporated Appareil de chauffage et procédé pour chauffer un courant de fluide
FR2826829A1 (fr) * 2001-06-27 2003-01-03 Valeo Climatisation Echangeur de chaleur a barreaux chauffants contenant des elements resistifs
EP1497594B1 (fr) 2002-04-12 2006-02-22 Behr GmbH & Co. KG Dispositif de transmission de chaleur utilise a des fins de chauffage et comprenant un systeme electrique chauffant
EP1452357A1 (fr) * 2003-02-28 2004-09-01 Catem GmbH & Co.KG Appareil de chauffage électrique avec plusieurs zones de chauffage
WO2005049350A1 (fr) * 2003-11-18 2005-06-02 Woory Industrial Company, Ltd. Module a element ctp et prechauffeur pour vehicules equipe d'un tel module

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2395296A1 (fr) * 2010-06-11 2011-12-14 Behr GmbH & Co. KG Echangeur de chaleur
ITRM20120056A1 (it) * 2012-02-20 2013-08-21 Bitron Spa DISPOSITIVO DI RISCALDAMENTO, IN PARTICOLARE PER IL RISCALDAMENTO DELLÂeuro¿ABITACOLO DI UNÂeuro¿AUTOMOBILE, ELEMENTO RADIANTE E RELATIVO METODO DI MONTAGGIO DI DETTO DISPOSITIVO.
EP2629585A1 (fr) * 2012-02-20 2013-08-21 Bitron S.p.A. Appareillage de chauffage, en particulier pour chauffer le compartiment passager d'une automobile, and méthode relative ä l'assemblage dudit appareillage

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2151639B1 (fr) 2019-01-09

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